CN1642812A - 用于对管状薄膜的重叠边缘进行密封的装置 - Google Patents

用于对管状薄膜的重叠边缘进行密封的装置 Download PDF

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CN1642812A
CN1642812A CNA038061856A CN03806185A CN1642812A CN 1642812 A CN1642812 A CN 1642812A CN A038061856 A CNA038061856 A CN A038061856A CN 03806185 A CN03806185 A CN 03806185A CN 1642812 A CN1642812 A CN 1642812A
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film
sealing head
parts
sealing
edge
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CN100360379C (zh
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雷纳托·里蒙迪
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AWAX Progettazione e Ricerca SRL
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/10Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431Joining the articles to themselves
    • B29C66/4312Joining the articles to themselves for making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles, e.g. transversal seams
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/432Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
    • B29C66/4322Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms by joining a single sheet to itself
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/49Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81265Surface properties, e.g. surface roughness or rugosity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8182General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the thermal insulating constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81821General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the thermal insulating constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/849Packaging machines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/934Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed
    • B29C66/93441Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed the speed being non-constant over time
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65BMACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B51/00Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
    • B65B51/10Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof
    • B65B51/20Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof by fluid pressure acting directly on folds or on opposed surfaces, e.g. using hot-air jets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65BMACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B51/00Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
    • B65B51/10Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof
    • B65B51/26Devices specially adapted for producing transverse or longitudinal seams in webs or tubes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)
  • Package Closures (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)

Abstract

该装置包括部件(31,33),该部件用于为待封薄膜的纵向边缘导向并将其保持到位,从而使其通过一种紧密分布的接触而相互重叠;该装置还包括:一个密封头(6),该密封头位于距这些导向部件有一短距离的对侧位置上并由隔热性好的材料制成,这种材料应比薄膜具有更小的摩擦系数,而且该密封头可通过多个具有合适尺寸的纵向狭缝(35)将具有合适温度和合适压力的所述热空气射流引向所述薄膜上。该密封头与可使其保持充分操作或使其快速进入充分操作状态的进送和控制部件(39-44)相连接,该密封头被安装在一个用于使其沿朝向或远离所述待封薄膜快速移动的部件(45)上。

Description

用于对管状薄膜的重叠边缘进行密封的装置
本发明涉及用于对管状部件的纵向重叠边缘进行连续的气密式热密封的装置,其中管状部件由具有有限厚度的热塑料薄膜制成,该装置尤其适用于可将产品包装到具有屏障作用的拉伸薄膜内的机器上,如本申请人的专利申请GE2001A-96和BO2002A-410所述,这些申请文件的全文可作为参考引用到本文中来。
在这种机器中,必须解决的技术问题就在于:当包装薄膜从管状心轴上经过时,需要对该包装薄膜的重叠边缘进行连续的纵向气密式密封。但目前在市场上或在现有技术中,尚不能找到一种能够解决该技术问题的装置。应该知道,所采用的薄膜应具有下述特征:良好的附着性、高的延展性和约为几十微米(例如约为40微米)的有限厚度。而且,还要在几百分之一秒的时间内,在薄膜上形成密封并迅速断开,而薄膜从静止状态开始例如以大于0.6米每秒的速度快速前移,然后停止。在薄膜之纵向边缘上形成的密封必须非常牢固、绝对气密;而且必须具有能够恢复原状的弹性,同时不会使作用于薄膜上的拉伸部分产生偏转;不能形成坚硬的卷边,因为在将包装件叠放在一起时,这种卷边可能与包装件相接触,从而导致包装件的损坏;此外,这些密封部分的外观还必须美观。
为解决该技术问题,本申请人开发出了一种具有合适特性的薄膜,而且需要以本申请人的名义对该独立的专利申请进行保护,另外,因为上述机器的特定结构和特定的工作循环,因此不能利用象用于循环包装机上的热轮密封系统,而决定采用一种热空气密封系统,该系统能够满足这种情况下的特殊要求。在打包和包装技术领域内,利用热气流的热塑性材料进行密封已经不是新技术。目前市场上可以买到热空气密封机,这种密封机在120至600℃的温度下操作,同时进送以压力介于0.4至0.8巴之间的压缩空气,该压缩空气有效地形成了一个吹管,该吹管可将热气流导向需要在由热塑料材料制成的边缘之间形成密封的区域内,该边缘部分一般非常厚,其厚度大于几百微米。这些密封机通常以下述方式设置有一个金属头:使该金属头的主体本身能够将热量辐射到需要密封的表面上,而需要密封的表面则定位在距该主体有一合适距离的位置上。在某些情况下,该密封机的金属主体会被电流的加热效应所加热,而且其温度由电子设备进行精确控制。热空气通常由现有的密封机通过多个孔或多排孔发出。但是,已经证明:这些方案并非适用于上述的用途,这就是一直以来需要在一种具有良好机械强度、比薄膜具有更小摩擦系数并具有高度隔热性的材料内形成一个密封头(sealing head)的原因,因为如果材料具有良好的机械强度,具有比薄膜更小的摩擦系数和良好的隔热性,那么密封头本身就不会向需要密封的薄膜边缘辐射热量。该条件允许将密封头定位在非常接近待密封薄膜的位置上并能够在指定的区域内利用热气流进行集中密封,从而使发射出的热气流的压力保持非常低。例如可由工程聚合物制成的密封头不仅重量轻,而且还能够通过简单可靠的机构使其以非常小的惯性快速移动。由于密封机需要以极短的启动时间和停机时间进行操作,因此密封头就被安装在一个用于使其沿朝向和远离薄膜的方向移动的部件,而且通过一个柔性管与一个固定源相连接,该固定源用于进送高压热空气,这些高压热空气使该密封头一直保持在充分操作的状态下,该密封头可通过沿着朝向和远离待密封薄膜的方向移动就能够实现启动和停机。当该密封头处于停止位置上时,可以采用一个合适的屏蔽部件,从而使从该密封头流出的高压热空气不会借助于任何动力接触到固定不动的薄膜。
已经可以看出,通过这些孔送出高压空气是不可靠的,尤其是在最敏感的瞬间,即,当薄膜停止移动时以及在抓紧薄膜的机械钳的闭合过程中,这样就会对薄膜进行双向密封并形成了多个中间切口。在这些情况下,从这些孔内送出的热空气就会在薄膜上形成多个印痕,这些印痕过于集中,而且容易退化成烧伤。为避免出现这种问题,在根据本发明的装置中,密封头通过至少一个具有合适尺寸的线性狭缝将高压热空气送出,而且该线性狭缝的最大尺寸沿薄膜的前移方向定位。该密封头最好设置有两条平行的狭缝,以用于发射出两条对应的高压热空气刀,这两个高压热空气刀又用于在薄膜上形成两个平行的连续密封卷边,这样就能够进一步保证实现气密密封。密封头上的空气发射狭缝与一个设置在该密封头内部的腔体相联通,该腔体具有一定的容积,例如可被用作一个聚积腔体,以使从所述狭缝的各个点流出的空气之压力保持均衡。
为实现无瑕疵的密封,就需要提供用于使薄膜的边缘保持紧密接触的部件和用于通过将薄膜卷成管状的心轴借助于摩擦力为这些薄膜导向的部件。
通过下面对本发明最佳实施例的说明,将会更加清楚本发明的上述特征和优点,但应该知道:在附图中示出的这些最佳实施例仅仅是示例性的,并非是对本发明的限制,其中:
图1为一个侧视图,图中示出了专为本发明之密封机设计的包装机之主要部件的剖面;
图1a为与图1处于同一阶段的包装机的主要操作部件的平面图;
图2为一个后端视图,图中以剖面形式示出了图1所示的包装机之工作站,而且还示出了本发明之密封机的供电电路;
图3为一个侧视图,图中以剖面形式示出了处于高位或操作位置上的密封机的部件剖面;
图4为密封机之机头的平面图;
图5和6示出了图1所示的机器的主要部件在其工作周期中的连续阶段;
图7示出了当薄膜通过包装机的管状心轴而向前移动过程中该密封机的高位或低位的示意图。
图5示出了一种机器,该机器用于在辊27、127的帮助下将拉伸薄膜5从原料卷上展开;然后将该薄膜插入一个由部件101支承的水平心轴1内,从而形成了一个包装管5′,一个下部部件6沿纵向重叠边缘对该包装管进行气密密封;由一个横向夹钳7抓住并封闭所述包装管的前端,这样就形成了一种双重密封和一个中间切口;通过一个由部件14支承的管状导向件1′和一个推杆4将需要包装的产品P插入到所述使薄膜成管的心轴内,而该管状导向件1′和推杆4用于相对其被横向夹钳7所固定的封闭端以一个短的距离将该产品引入到所述管状包装内,而该横向夹钳7则沿远离所述成形心轴的方向水平移动。当容纳有产品的管状包装物相对成形心轴移动足够大的距离后,该距离与产品的尺寸成比例,见图6,通过制动器28的动作而使薄膜5停止移动并被横向制动,而且该制动器28还使辊27及涂覆有橡胶的辊127停止运转,同时所述前部夹钳7继续前移,以沿长度方向将管状包装物的长度拉伸一个合适的长度,这样管状包装物就会被逐渐拉长,而且通过反作用力使其沿横向收缩并将该产品紧紧包覆于其中。当产品P完全脱离成管心轴1的装配,而且距该心轴的距离足够远(图1)时,已被拉伸的包装件之后端将被一个第二夹钳7′横向夹紧,该第二夹钳加工出两个横向密封部分和一个中间切口,这样就将包装物的后端及产品一起封闭起来并在后端将其固定,同时前部夹钳7打开并沿反向回到该循环的起始位置,而且使已经包装好的产品保持立在梳状部件10′上,而该梳状部件又与处于操作状态下的夹钳7′之下部部件相连接。后面的夹钳夹住从成形心轴送出的新管状薄膜的首端,而且该工作循环按照上述方式重复进行。相对每个包装件的后部封口而言,制动器28会在合适的时间松开,而且中止对薄膜的横向夹紧作用,这种夹紧作用曾经令完成的包装件受到纵向拉伸,其目的在于避免薄膜被撕开并能够将管状特征更加明显的包装薄膜送入,同时在密封和切割夹钳处于操作状态下并当该夹钳打开、而且所述包装物被放置在一个可将其移走的梳状输送机11上时,在前一循环中形成的包装物就会被移离该密封和切割夹钳。
这样,利用这种机器制成的包装件不仅能够气密性地固定在产品周围,而且还能够达到完全密封,这样,通过采用不能透过气体或某些气体的拉伸薄膜,就可以发现:通过限制氧的移动并尽可能除去二氧化碳就可以使这些包装件用于提高新鲜水果和蔬菜产品的保存效果,或者使这些包装件适合于将产品存放在一种改良后的氛围下。为了该后一目的,就需要采用特殊的部件在管状包装物的后端被封闭之前用于调节管状包装物内的气氛,或者在一个具有改良氛围的腔体内完成整个包装操作。在图1中,附图标记29表示主机电脑及可编程和询问的输入端129。该电脑29接收来自部件30的电信号,而部件30对需要包装的产品P的尺寸进行测定,逻辑部件根据这些电信号对该电脑进行控制,在升降机构3周期性地将一个产品从供料线2提升起来后,推杆4的移动将会使被提升起来的产品插入到导向件1′内,接着,夹钳7、7′水平移动,然后电磁制动器28、纵向密封器6的启动和停机部件及该机器的其它操作部件顺序动作,但这些部件,包括那些可将保鲜气体注入到被加工成圆筒形的包装物内的可选部件,对于理解本发明而言是无关紧要的。
如图1、1a、2和3所示,在与密封部件6相对的位置上,连接着管状导向件1′之底壁的下部外表面,通过它可在一个对侧平台31上对产品P进行输送,该对侧平台31由合适的工程聚合物制成,而且具有比薄膜更小的摩擦系数和良好的隔热性,该平台由一个矩形板和多个倾斜的边缘构成,这些倾斜的边缘局部被螺钉或铆钉固定到所述导向件1′上并按照下述方式定位:使其最大尺寸沿薄膜的前移方向定位。该对侧平台31以一定的间隙安装在成形心轴1之下部重叠凸缘的中央狭缝32(图1a)内,而且其厚度按照下述方式进行设计:使受到这些凸缘控制的薄膜纵缘当其在部件31上方滑动时能够相互重叠并相互接触,如图2中的虚线所示。在图2和3中,还可以看出:恰好在对侧平台31的下游侧,圆筒形辊33之主轴133的端部与心轴1的下部凸缘连接在一起,其横切薄膜的前移方向并可由与对侧平台31相同的工程聚合物制成,其顶部与所述对侧平台31的下表面设置在相同的高度位置上或最好高于该对侧平台31的下表面,这样,当薄膜纵向边缘的外表面从该辊上移过时,其内表面就会保持抵压在对侧的平台31上。
由图4可以看出:在对侧平台31的下方并平行于该对侧平台31,在中央位置沿纵向对准的方向上设置由密封头6的平面状上表面34,它由一个基本为平行六面体的主体构成,该主体沿其长边的顶部倾斜并在底部成锥形,而且它由合适的工程聚合物制成并具有良好的机械强度、低于薄膜的摩擦系数和高度的隔热性。该密封头6的上表面34具有一个约等于或略小于下表面的尺寸,对侧平台31通过该下表面在与需要密封的薄膜相接触的状态下进行操作。两个纵向狭缝35对称设置在该表面34上:其宽度例如约为0.3毫米,其间距约为6毫米;在底侧,它们通向一个具有合适容积的圆筒形水平腔体36,例如该腔体的直径可约为13毫米,该腔体通过一个下部导管136与一个由耐高温材料制成的柔性管38联通,该柔性管又与一个发生器39的排放口139相连接,该发生器用于进送温度介于150和190℃(例如约为170℃)、压力介于0.1和0.8巴之间(例如约为0.2至0.4巴)的热空气。应该知道:上述的压力和温度值及其它前述的尺寸参数和/或该装置的位置必须适合于采用具有屏障效应且厚度约为40微米的拉伸型包装薄膜,因此,显然可在根据对具有不同特性的薄膜所进行的试验,对所述的数值和参数进行修改。发生器39通过管道239和减压器40与一个加压空气源相连接,同时,该发生器的终端339与一个电源接口41导电连接,该电源接口又受到一个处理器42的控制,该处理器利用一个传感器43对由发生器39发射出的热空气的温度进行检测,该传感器43例如可设置在排放口139内并与一个可编程的控制单元44相连接。在将高压空气进送给发生器39的回路中可以设置一个压力型传感器143,该传感器也与处理器42相连接。通过电源和控制链41-44、143,就可以使该密封器的操作参数保持恒定不变并保持为预定的数值。在出现异常的情况下,处理器42的终端142将会通知电脑29出现问题,而且电脑29将密封器6移动到停机位置上并启动紧急程序。
如图1、3和4所示,该密封头6的底座与一个合适类型的线性升降致动器相连接,而该致动器例如又可以与一个双作用汽缸45的不可转动杆145相连接,而该汽缸又可借助于电磁阀50受到主机29的控制并通过其主体与一个小型滑块46的侧面凸起146相连接,该滑块46可通过端部套管使一对垂直杆47上下移动,而后者又沿垂直于薄膜前移的方向被面朝下安装在机架的一个交叉部件60上。这些杆47被套封在弹簧48内,这些弹簧向下顶推所述滑块46,该滑块被可转动地固定到这些杆之间,一个倒置的调节螺钉49被拧入该交叉部件60内。当缸体45的杆145处于高位上时,螺钉49的拧动将在密封头6的上表面34和对侧平台31之间形成一个合适的距离,例如一个约为0.8-1毫米的距离。当该缸体45的杆被下放时,该密封头6相对被密封的薄膜回缩一个合适的距离,从而使从所述密封头35的狭缝35中发射出的加压热空气扩散到周围环境中,而且不会损坏在成形心轴1内位于其上方并保持不动的薄膜。应该知道:可设置合适的部件使在低位或在停止位置上从密封头6发射出的高压热空气沿远离薄膜的方向进行偏转。为此,可设置多个滤网,当密封头6下降时,使这些滤网自动操作,或者可以采用图1所示的方法,在该方法中,当密封头6处于低位时,一个由加压冷空气151形成的水平刀被引向该密封头6的上方:该空气刀能够将上升的热气流切断并使其扩散到周围环境中。该空气刀151例如可由一个设置在交叉部件60上的固定短杆51发射出来,该短杆可设置有一个指向上方的喷嘴251,该喷嘴可将合适流量的冷空气送向由纵向密封装置送出的薄膜密封部分,其中该纵向密封装置恰好位于导向辊33的下游侧,从而使已经形成的密封部分保持稳定。但是应该知道:为了限制该包装机器的高压空气消耗量,减少噪音源及限制热能的浪费,可以将一个偏转盒装配到发生器39的排放口139上并通过一个合适的接口由电脑29对其进行控制,目的是当密封头6处于停机状态下时在所需的瞬间将该发生器39产生的热空气截住并可使这些热空气重新进行循环。这种方法没有具体示出,但是应该理解:本领域的技术人员在上述已公开内容的启示下可以很容易地实现这一点,因此该方法同样受到保护。
上述的密封装置按照下述方式进行操作。
在图5中,可以看到:当夹钳7在由成形心轴1送出的管状薄膜5′的端部合拢时,而且当该夹钳准备沿远离心轴的方向移动时,该密封头6处于升高位置上,这样就可以在横跨该心轴1滑动的薄膜之纵向边缘上形成两个平行且连续的气密密封卷边。在图7所示的图表中,曲线52f(5)和53f(6)分别涉及到薄膜5的前移和密封头的高位或低位,而且每条曲线的起始部分152和153均示出了图5所示的阶段。在图1所示的阶段中,当薄膜被辊27、127和制动器28夹住时,而且薄膜停止前移时,如图7中的252所示,密封头6将在合适的时间进行下降,如图7中由标记253表示。在图1所示的阶段中,管状包装物5′以及包在该包装物内的产品将沿纵向受到拉伸,而且该薄膜之纵向密封部分的末端不会相对对侧平台31显著移动,因为该薄膜大部分在位于成形心轴之下游侧的剖面内进行拉伸,这是因为利用一个未示出的部件对该薄膜进行适当的热处理,这对理解本发明而言不是必需的。在拉伸后,当夹钳7′合拢时,制动器28在一个合适的时间脱开,从而允许足够的薄膜从该成形心轴移过,以防止该薄膜被夹钳7′撕开。在该阶段内,薄膜以一个很小的量进行前移,如标记352所示,而且密封头6在图7所示的曲线中迅速升降,由标记353表示,在图5中以虚线和实线表示,这样就可以保证该薄膜的重叠边缘得以沿纵向连续密封。接着,当夹钳7′开始沿远离成形心轴的方向移动时,该循环重复进行,同时薄膜沿纵向前移,由标记152′表示;而且密封头6也会在合适的时间上升,在图7的曲线中由标记153′表示。
应该知道:上面仅对本发明的最佳实施例作出了说明,但也可通过采用设置在包装机器内的纵向密封装置,而不是采用用于制成袋子、手提袋等的机器(例如为本申请人所有的意大利专利申请第BO2001A-91所述的那种机器),对上述实施例作出多种修改和变形。此外,还可以用其它线性致动器来替代汽缸45,例如由电机进行驱动的螺钉和螺母或等同的致动器,而且还对该电机的速度和相位进行电子控制,这样密封头6就能够以加速度梯度和减速度梯度移动,而且还可以利用主机29更加容易地对其速度和相位进行控制。

Claims (21)

1、一种用于对由热塑料薄膜制成的管状部件的纵向重叠边缘进行连续的气密性热密封的装置,该薄膜的厚度是有限的,而且该管状部件是通过将薄膜从一个卷轴上展开而形成的,而且所述薄膜沿纵向穿过一个管化心轴(1)移动,该装置的特征在于,其包括:用于导向和用于固定所述管状薄膜之纵向边缘的部件(31,33),该部件能够使所述纵向边缘通过足够紧密和足够分散的接触而相互重叠;其在一个相对的位置上且在相对这些导向部件有一很短距离的位置上还包括一个密封头(6),该密封头由具有良好机械强度、比待封薄膜具有更小的摩擦系数、具有高度隔热性的材料制成,该密封头可将至少一个连续的空气射流或其它气体的射流引向该薄膜的待封边缘上,其中空气或其它气体的射流被加热至合适的温度并处于合适的压力条件下,该密封头通过一个柔性部件或接头部件(38)与一个固定的高压热空气发生器(39)相连接,而该发生器又由一个合适的进送和控制部件(40-44)来控制,该密封头安装在推进和缩回部件(45)上,这样,当薄膜前移时,所述密封头就会在适当的时间定位在距所述薄膜有一短距离的位置上,而且已经处于充分操作状态下;而当薄膜停止移动时,该密封头会在合适的时间从所述薄膜上缩回。
2、根据权利要求1的装置,其特征在于:用于为沿纵向进行密封的薄膜之边缘导向的部件包括一个固定的平面状相对部件(31),该部件(31)具有合适的厚度,而且薄膜的所述边缘就在该部件上移动,该相对部件可在其边缘处以合适的方式进行倒角并由合适的工程聚合物制成。
3、根据权利要求2的装置,其特征在于:恰好位于相对部件(31)下游侧的是一个导向部件(33),该导向部件作用于薄膜之重叠边缘的相对表面上,该相对表面与相对块所作用的表面相对,目的在于保证薄膜和相对部件之间一直接触,该导向部件最好也由合适的工程聚合物制成。
4、根据权利要求3的装置,其特征在于:所述导向部件(33)由一个辊构成,该辊的轴线(133)垂直于薄膜的前移方向。
5、根据权利要求1的装置,其特征在于:所述密封头(6)由一种合适的工程聚合物制成。
6、根据权利要求1的装置,其特征在于:所述密封头(6)当沿需要密封的薄膜之前移方向的一端进行观察时其基本为具有倾斜上部长侧边的矩形,而且该密封头之上表面(34)的面积与所述对侧部件(31)的有效面积相同或略有不同,其中需要密封的薄膜边缘就在所述对侧部件上滑动。
7、根据权利要求6的装置,其特征在于:在密封头(6)的上表面(34)上开有至少一个矩形狭缝(35),所述狭缝的尺寸与需要密封的薄膜之厚度和特性有关,该狭缝按照下述方式定位:使其最大尺寸位于薄膜的前移方向上并与一个具有合适容积并设置在所述密封头内的缓冲腔(36)联通,而且还通过分叉导管(136)与从发生器(39)延伸出来的柔性耐热管(38)相连接,该发生器用于供给高压热空气。
8、根据权利要求7的装置,其特征在于:在所述密封头(6)的上表面(34)上开有两个矩形狭缝(35),这两个狭缝对称设置,从而能够在薄膜的重叠边缘上形成两条连续的密封线,以保证气密密封。
9、根据权利要求7的装置,其特征在于:为对厚度约为40微米且具有屏障作用的拉伸薄膜进行密封,所述密封头(6)上的所述狭缝(35)具有约0.3毫米的宽度。
10、根据权利要求9的装置,其特征在于:所述密封头(6)上的狭缝(35)间隔约6毫米。
11、根据权利要求7的装置,其特征在于:为对厚度约为40微米且具有屏障作用的拉伸薄膜进行密封,可通过密封头上的狭缝(35)喷射出温度介于160至180℃之间(例如约为170℃)、压力介于0.1至0.8巴之间(例如约为0.2-0.4巴)的热空气射流。
12、根据权利要求1的装置,其特征在于:用于进送高压热空气的所述发生器(39)利用其空气入口(239)通过一个减压器(40)与一个供给压缩空气的气源相连接,同时其电气接点(339)将该发生器与一个受到处理器(42)控制的电源接口(41)相连接,而该处理器(42)又通过多个热传感器(43)和压力传感器(143)分别对该发生器的操作温度和压力进行测定,而且该处理器(42)还与一个可编程的控制单元(44)相连接并安装有一个输出端子(142),当异常信号被传送给该包装机的主机(29)时,该密封头(6)必须停止工作并启动应急措施。
13、根据权利要求12的装置,其特征在于:所述高压热空气发生器(39)的热传感器(43)和压力传感器(143)分别设置在所述发生器的排放口(139)和入口(239)处。
14、根据权利要求12的装置,其特征在于:在正常操作状态下,所述密封头(6)以正常的输出连续操作,而当其沿远离薄膜的方向向下移动时,由于薄膜是静止不动的,因此屏蔽部件就会被启动,以使由密封头射出的高压热空气流产生偏转。
15、根据权利要求14的装置,其特征在于:所述屏蔽部件由一个水平的低温或室温高压空气刀(151)构成,该空气刀是由一个固定短杆(51)射出的,所述密封头(6)比处于下位或停止位置上的短杆移动到一个更低的水平。
16、根据权利要求15的装置,其特征在于:所述固定短杆(51)可射出空气刀(151),以对由处于停止位置上的密封头(6)射出的空气射流进行屏蔽;而且该短杆还设置有一个喷嘴(251),该喷嘴将冷却空气射流喷射到由处于操作位置上的所述密封头(6)加工出的连续密封部分上。
17、根据权利要求12的装置,其特征在于:在高压热空气发生器(39)的排放口处设置有一个偏转部件,该偏转部件与密封头(6)向上或向下的移动同步操作并对密封头的状态进行切换,以将密封流体送向该密封头或使密封流体沿其它方向偏转,可以选择将密封流体分别偏转到一个回收或重新循环回路,当密封头被提升起来时,其立刻处于充分操作状态下。
18、根据权利要求1的装置,其特征在于:所述密封头(6)与一个线性致动器(45)的活动部分向连接,而该线性致动器则安装在一个滑动件(46)上,该滑动件可在导向部件(47)上平行于所述致动器的移动而运动,所述滑动件可沿一个方向受到弹性部件(48)的顶推并可通过一个调节螺钉(49)沿相反的方向移动,这样,当密封头(6)处于主动密封位置上时,就可以调节该密封头(6)相对待封薄膜的距离。
19、根据权利要求18的装置,其特征在于:所述致动器(45)是一个双作用流体压力缸,其设置有一个不可转动的杆。
20、根据权利要求18的装置,其特征在于:所述线性致动器(45)是一种可由电机控制的部件,而电机部件的速度和相位又通过电子部件进行控制,这样,密封头(6)就能够以合适的减速度和加速度沿朝向和远离该薄膜的方向移动,而该减速度和加速度又与薄膜的起动和停止有关。
21、根据权利要求1的装置,其特征在于,在将其应用到用于将产品包装到一个具有屏障作用的拉伸薄膜内的包装机上时,这种包装机包括一个水平的薄膜管化的心轴(1),同时薄膜的纵向边缘在该心轴的下方相互重叠并被特殊部件(6)气密密封;该包装机包括一个固定的管状导向件(1′),该导向件沿纵向穿过所述心轴,目的是将需要包装的产品插入到该管状包装物内;该包装机包括位于心轴上游侧并用于以可控制的方式进送包装薄膜的部件(27,127,28);该包装机包括位于所述心轴下游侧并用于进行双面密封和中间切割的夹钳(7,7′),其能够对管状包装物及其内部的产品的上游和下游进行变换,从而利用预先完成的纵向拉伸操作形成所述包装件,其特征在于:待封薄膜的纵向边缘被顶压在对侧部件(31)上并在该部件上进行导向,该对侧部件被固定到所述导向件(1′)之底壁的外表面上,同时导辊(33)通过其主轴(133)安装到所述心轴(1)的下部凸缘上,该心轴设置有一个很大的狭槽(32),所述对侧部件从该狭槽穿过,通过该狭槽还可看到薄膜的重叠边缘,而且其可由密封头(6)制成,其升降致动器(45)由主机(29)以下述方式进行控制:当薄膜前移时,使所述密封头位于上位上,当所述薄膜停止移动时,所述密封头能够同步下移;而且在包装物的后部被封闭前,在各个包装的纵向拉伸阶段,该密封头可临时上升。
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