CN1639180A - 芳基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷衍生物以及含有其的糖尿病治疗药 - Google Patents
芳基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷衍生物以及含有其的糖尿病治疗药 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1639180A CN1639180A CNA038056402A CN03805640A CN1639180A CN 1639180 A CN1639180 A CN 1639180A CN A038056402 A CNA038056402 A CN A038056402A CN 03805640 A CN03805640 A CN 03805640A CN 1639180 A CN1639180 A CN 1639180A
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- C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
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Landscapes
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- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及具有SGLT2活性抑制作用的由下式表示的5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物,以及含有该化合物作为有效成分的药物,特别是糖尿病、糖尿病相关疾病以及糖尿病性并发症的预防和治疗药。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及对与肾脏中特异存在的葡萄糖再吸收有关的钠依赖性葡萄糖转运蛋白2(SGLT2)的活性具有抑制作用的5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物,以及以该化合物作为有效成分的药物,特别是糖尿病治疗药。
背景技术
据认为,慢性高血糖症在胰岛素分泌降低的同时使胰岛素感受性降低,由此引发血糖进一步升高从而导致了糖尿病恶化。现在使用的糖尿病治疗药有双胍类药物、磺酰脲类药物、糖苷酶抑制剂、胰岛素抵抗性改善剂等。但是有关于双胍类药物引发乳酸酸中毒、磺酰脲类药物引发低血糖、糖苷酶抑制剂引发腹泻等副作用的报告。所以希望开发与现有药物不同、具有新的作用机制的糖尿病治疗药。
从自然界中分离的葡萄糖衍生物根皮苷可以抑制过量的葡萄糖在肾脏中的再吸收,通过促进葡萄糖的排泄达到降低血糖的作用(J.Clin.Invest.,第80卷,1037项,1987年、J.Clin.Invest.,第87卷,1510项,1987年)。之后,发现该葡萄糖的再吸收是通过肾脏附近的肾小管S1部位中存在的钠依赖性葡萄糖转运蛋白2(SGLT2)进行的(J.Clin.Invest.,第93卷,397项,1994年)。
在这种背景下,对以抑制SGLT2作用为基础的糖尿病治疗药的研究开始活跃起来,有许多关于根皮苷衍生物的报告。
例如下式
所示的芳基β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物(欧洲专利公开EP0850948号)。其他还公开了与上述化合物有关的化合物(国际专利公开WO0168660号、WO0116147号、WO0174834号、WO0174835号、WO0253573号、WO0268439号、WO0268440号、WO0236602号、WO0288157号、WO0228872号、WO0244192号、WO0264606号、WO0311880号、WO0320737号、WO0300712号等)。
另外,根皮苷衍生物经口给药时,糖苷键在小肠中存在的糖苷酶作用下加水分解,未变化的部分吸收效率差,降血糖效果差。此时可以将根皮苷衍生物作为前药给药以提高吸收效率,或者可以合成糖苷键转换成碳的化合物以防止分解等(美国专利US20010041674号、US2002137903号、US20031143号、国际专利公开WO0127128号、国际专利公开WO0283066号)。
但是,由于没有β-选择性糖基化的化学合成方法可将葡萄糖环内的氧原子变换成硫原子生成5-硫代葡萄糖的衍生物,所以没有一例关于5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷衍生物的报告。也没有关于5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷衍生物具有SGLT2抑制作用的报告。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种新型的化合物,该化合物具有抑制与肾脏葡萄糖再吸收有关的SGLT2的活性,并且通过促进尿糖排泄以达到降低血糖的作用。
本发明者为了解决上述课题,经深入研究,结果发现了可以选择性合成5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的方法,利用该方法合成了芳基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷衍生物及其制药学上允许的盐(以下称为“本发明化合物”),并发现这些化合物对SGLT2具有抑制作用,由此完成了本发明。
即,本发明是下式表示的5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物。
式中,Y表示-O-或-NH-;R1、R2、R3以及R4相同或不同,表示氢原子、C2-10酰基、C7-10芳烷基、C2-6烷氧羰基、C1-6烷氧基C2-10酰基或C1-6烷氧基C2-6烷氧羰基;
Ar表示被-X-A1取代的芳基,该芳基可以进一步被相同或不同的1-4个取代基取代,
该取代基为卤素原子、羟基、可以被1-4个从卤素原子和羟基组成的组中选择的取代基所取代的C1-6烷基、
-(CH2)m-Q
{式中,m表示0-4的整数;Q表示甲酰基、氨基、硝基、氰基、羧基、磺酸基、可以被1-4个卤素原子取代的C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷氧基、C2-10酰氧基、C2-10酰基、C2-6烷氧羰基、C1-6烷硫基、C1-6烷基亚磺酰基、C1-6烷基磺酰基、-NHC(=O)H、C2-10酰基氨基、C1 -6烷基磺酰基氨基、C1-6烷基氨基、N,N-二(C1-6烷基)氨基、氨基甲酰基、N-(C1-6烷基)氨基羰基、或N,N-二(C1-6烷基)氨基羰基}、或
可以被1-4个取代基取代的C3-7环烷基、C3-7环烷基氧基、芳基、C7-10芳烷基、芳氧基、C7-10芳烷基氧基、C7-10芳烷基氨基、杂芳基或4-6员杂环烷基(此处的取代基从卤素原子、羟基、C1-6烷基以及C1 -6烷氧基组成的组中选择);
X表示-(CH2)n-、-CO(CH2)n-、-C(OH)(CH2)n-、-O-(CH2)n-、-CONH(CH2)n-、-NHCO(CH2)n-(n表示0-3的整数)、-COCH=CH-、-S-或-NH-;
A1表示可以被相同或不同的1-4个取代基取代的芳基、杂芳基或4-6员杂环烷基,该取代基为卤素原子、羟基、可以被1-4个从卤素原子和羟基组成的组中选择的取代基所取代的C1-6烷基、
-(CH2)m’-Q’
{式中,m’表示0-4的整数;Q’表示甲酰基、氨基、硝基、氰基、羧基、磺酸基、可以被1-4个从卤素原子和羟基组成的组中选择的取代基取代的C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷氧基、C2-10酰氧基、C2- 10酰基、C2-6烷氧羰基、C1-6烷硫基、C1-6烷基亚磺酰基、C1-6烷基磺酰基、-NHC(=O)H、C2-10酰基氨基、C1-6烷基磺酰基氨基、C1-6烷基氨基、N,N-二(C1-6烷基)氨基、氨基甲酰基、N-(C1-6烷基)氨基羰基、或N,N-二(C1-6烷基)氨基羰基}、以及可以被1-4个取代基取代的C3-7环烷基、C3-7环烷基氧基、芳基、C7-10芳烷基、芳氧基、C7-10芳烷基氧基、C7-10芳烷基氨基、杂芳基或4-6员杂环烷基(此处的取代基从卤素原子、羟基、C1-6烷基以及C1-6烷氧基组成的组中选择)。
具体实施方式
作为本发明的其他方案,提供了下式表示的5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物。
式中,Y表示-O-或-NH-;R1、R2、R3以及R4相同或不同,表示氢原子、C2-10酰基、C7-10芳烷基、C2-6烷氧羰基、C1-6烷氧基C2-10酰基或C1-6烷氧基C2-6烷氧羰基;
R5、R6、R7、R8以及R9中的至少一个表示-X-A1(X以及A1的定义如上所述);其它的相同或不同,表示氢原子、卤素原子、羟基、可以被1-4个从卤素原子和羟基组成的组中选择的取代基所取代的C1 -6烷基、
-(CH2)m-Q
(m和Q的定义如上所述)、或可以被1-4个取代基取代的C3-7环烷基、C3-7环烷基氧基、芳基、C7-10芳烷基、芳氧基、C7-10芳烷基氧基、C7-10芳烷基氨基、杂芳基或4-6员杂环烷基(此处的取代基从卤素原子、羟基、C1-6烷基以及C1-6烷氧基组成的组中选择)。
本发明还提供了上述5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物,其中Y表示-O-。
本发明还提供了上述5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物,其中R5表示-X-A1。
本发明还提供了上述5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物,其中X表示-(CH2)n-(n表示0-3的整数)。
本发明还提供了上述5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物,其中X表示-CO(CH2)n-(n表示0-3的整数)。
本发明还提供了下式表示的5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物。
式中,X表示-(CH2)n-、-CO(CH2)n-、-C(OH)(CH2)n-、-O-(CH2)n-、-CONH(CH2)n-、-NHCO(CH2)n-(n表示0-3的整数)、-COCH=CH-、-S-或-NH-;
R1、R2、R3以及R4相同或不同,表示氢原子、C2-10酰基、C7-10芳烷基、C2-6烷氧羰基、C1-6烷氧基C2-10酰基或C1-6烷氧基C2-6烷氧羰基;
R6、R7、R8以及R9相同或不同,表示氢原子、卤素原子、羟基、可以被1-4个从卤素原子和羟基组成的组中选择的取代基所取代的C1-6烷基、
-(CH2)m-Q
{式中,m表示0-4的整数;Q表示甲酰基、氨基、硝基、氰基、羧基、磺酸基、可以被1-4个卤素原子取代的C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷氧基、C2-10酰氧基、C2-10酰基、C2-6烷氧羰基、C1-6烷硫基、C1-6烷基亚磺酰基、C1-6烷基磺酰基、-NHC(=O)H、C2-10酰基氨基、C1 -6烷基磺酰基氨基、C1-6烷基氨基、N,N-二(C1-6烷基)氨基、氨基甲酰基、N-(C1-6烷基)氨基羰基、或N,N-二(C1-6烷基)氨基羰基}、或可以被1-4个取代基取代的C3-7环烷基、C3-7环烷基氧基、芳基、C7-10芳烷基、芳氧基、C7-10芳烷基氧基、C7-10芳烷基氨基、杂芳基或4-6员杂环烷基(此处的取代基从卤素原子、羟基、C1-6烷基以及C1-6烷氧基组成的组中选择);
R10、R11、R12、R13以及R14相同或不同,表示氢原子、卤素原子、羟基、可以被1-4个从卤素原子和羟基组成的组中选择的取代基所取代的C1-6烷基、
-(CH2)m’-Q’
{式中,m’表示0-4的整数;Q’表示甲酰基、氨基、硝基、氰基、羧基、磺酸基、可以被1-4个卤素原子取代的C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷氧基、C2-10酰氧基、C2-10酰基、C2-6烷氧羰基、C1-6烷硫基、C1-6烷基亚磺酰基、C1-6烷基磺酰基、-NHC(=O)H、C2-10酰基氨基、C1 -6烷基磺酰基氨基、C1-6烷基氨基、N,N-二(C1-6烷基)氨基、氨基甲酰基、N-(C1-6烷基)氨基羰基、或N,N-二(C1-6烷基)氨基羰基}、或可以被1-4个取代基取代的C3-7环烷基、C3-7环烷基氧基、芳基、C7-10芳烷基、芳氧基、C7-10芳烷基氧基、C7-10芳烷基氨基、杂芳基或4-6员杂环烷基(此处的取代基从卤素原子、羟基、C1-6烷基以及C1-6烷氧基组成的组中选择)。
本发明还提供了上述式(II)的5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物,其中X表示-CH2-。
本发明还提供了上述式(II)的5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物,其中X表示-O-或-NH-。
本发明还提供了下式表示的5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制药学上允许的盐。
式中,R6A-R9A可以相同或不同,表示氢原子、卤素原子、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷氧基、羧基、C2-6烷氧羰基、羟基或羟基C1-4烷基;RC表示氢原子、卤素原子、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、羟基C1-4烷基、被卤素原子取代的C1-6烷基或C1-6烷硫基;R4A表示氢原子、C2-6烷氧羰基或C2-6烷酰基;R1A-R3A可以相同或不同,表示氢原子、C2-8烷酰基或苯甲酰基。
本发明还提供了下式表示的5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制药学上允许的盐。
式中,RD表示氢原子、卤素原子、C1-6烷基或羟基C1-4烷基;RE表示氢原子、卤素原子、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基或羟基C1-4烷基。
本发明还提供了下式表示的5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物。
式中,R1、R2、R3以及R4相同或不同,表示氢原子、C2-10酰基、C7 -10芳烷基、C2-6烷氧羰基、C1-6烷氧基C2-10酰基或C1-6烷氧基C2-6烷氧羰基;
R6B表示氢原子、卤素原子、羟基、C2-10酰氧基(优选C2-4烷酰氧基)、或可以被1-4个卤素原子取代的C1-6烷基或C1-6烷氧基;R8B表示氢原子、卤素原子或可以被1-4个卤素原子取代的C1-6烷基。
本发明还提供含有以上述任一种5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物作为有效成分的药物。
本发明还提供含有以上述任一种5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物作为有效成分的钠依赖性葡萄糖转运蛋白2(SGLT2)的活性抑制剂。
本发明还提供含有以上述任一种5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物作为有效成分的预防或治疗糖尿病、与糖尿病有关的疾病或糖尿病并发症的药物。
本发明还提供由上述任一种5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物和由下组物质中选择的至少一种药物组合形成的药物。这些物质包括由PPARγ激动剂、PPARα/γ激动剂、PPARδ激动剂以及PPARα/γ/δ激动剂组成的组中选择的胰岛素敏感性增强剂、糖苷酶抑制剂、双胍剂、胰岛素分泌促进剂、胰岛素制剂以及二肽基肽酶IV抑制剂。
本发明还提供由上述任一种5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物,和由下组物质中选择的至少一种药物组合形成的药物。这些物质包括羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶抑制剂、氯贝特类(fibrate)化合物、角鲨烯合成酶抑制剂、脂酰辅酶A:胆甾醇酰基转移酶抑制剂、低密度脂蛋白受体促进剂、微粒体甘油三酯转运蛋白抑制剂以及食欲抑制剂。
再有,本发明还提供了作为式(I)化合物的合成中间体的以下式表示的5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物。
式中,R21、R22、R23以及R24相同或不同,表示氢原子、C2-10酰基;R25表示氨基、C2-6烷酰基、羧基、甲酰基、卤素原子、C2-6烷氧羰基或羟基;R26和R27相同或不同,表示氢原子、卤素原子、羟基、可以被1-4个从卤素原子和羟基组成的组中选择的取代基所取代的C1-6烷基、或可以被1-4个卤素原子取代的C1-6烷氧基。
本发明中使用的用语定义如下。
本发明中的Cx-y,是指其后的基团含有x-y个碳原子。
C2-10酰基,是指含有2-10个碳原子的直链或支链状脂肪族酰基(优选C2-6烷酰基)以及芳香族酰基,例如乙酰基、丙酰基、三甲基乙酰基、丁酰基、异丁酰基、戊酰基、苯甲酰基等,其中优选乙酰基。
C7-10芳烷基,是指碳原子数7-10的芳基烷基,例如苄基、苯乙基等。
C1-6烷氧基,是指含有1-6个碳原子的直链或支链状烷氧基,优选C1-4烷氧基。作为C1-4烷氧基,例如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、叔丁氧基等。
C2-6烷氧羰基,是指具有直链或支链状C1-5烷氧基和羰基复合的形态,优选C2-5烷氧羰基,例如甲氧羰基、乙氧羰基、丙氧羰基、异丙氧羰基、丁氧羰基等,其中优选甲氧羰基。
C1-6烷氧基C2-10酰基,是指含有直链或支链状的C1-6烷氧基和C2 -10酰基复合的形态。优选C1-6烷氧基C2-6烷酰基。
C1-6烷氧基C2-6烷氧羰基,是指含有直链或支链状的C1-6烷氧基和C2-6烷氧羰基复合的形态。
卤素原子,是指氟原子、氯原子、溴原子或碘原子。
C1-6烷基,是指含有1-6个碳原子的直链或支链状烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、仲丁基、正戊基、叔戊基、3-甲基丁基、新戊基等。
被1-4个卤素原子取代的C1-6烷基,是指该基团上的氢原子被1-4个卤素原子(优选氟原子)所取代的C1-6烷基。例如三氟甲基、1,1,1-三氟乙基、1,1,1-三氟丙基、1,1,1-三氟丁基等。其中优选三氟甲基、1,1,1-三氟乙基。
被1-4个羟基取代的C1-6烷基,是指该基团上的氢原子被1-4个羟基所取代的烷基,作为被1个羟基取代的C1-6烷基的羟基C1-6烷基更优选羟基C1-4烷基。例如羟甲基、羟乙基(1-羟乙基等)、羟丙基、羟丁基等。
被1-4个卤素原子取代的C1-6烷氧基,是指该基团上的氢原子被卤素原子所取代的烷氧基。例如三氟甲氧基、1,1,1-三氟乙氧基、1,1,1-三氟丙氧基、1,1,1-三氟丁氧基等。其中优选三氟甲氧基、1,1,1-三氟乙氧基等。
C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷氧基,例如甲氧基甲氧基等。
C2-10酰氧基,是指含有C2-10酰基和-O-复合的形态,优选C2-6烷酰基氧基(例如乙酰氧基)、苯甲酰基氧基。
C1-6烷硫基,是指含有1-6个碳原子的直链或支链状烷基和1个硫基(-S-)复合的形态,优选C1-4烷硫基。作为C1-6烷硫基,例如甲硫基、乙硫基、丙硫基等。
C1-6烷基亚磺酰基,是指含有C1-6烷基和亚磺酰基(-SO-)复合的形态,优选甲烷亚磺酰基、乙烷亚磺酰基。
C1-6烷基磺酰基,是指含有C1-6烷基和磺酰基(-SO2-)复合的形态,优选甲烷磺酰基、乙烷磺酰基。
C2-10酰基氨基,是指含有C2-10酰基和氨基复合的形态,优选乙酰氨基。
C1-6烷基磺酰氨基,是指含有C1-6烷基磺酰基和氨基复合的形态。例如甲烷磺酰氨基、乙烷磺酰氨基等。
C1-6烷氨基,是指含有C1-6烷基和氨基复合的形态。例如甲基氨基或乙基氨基等。
N,N-二(C1-6烷基)氨基,是指含有2个C1-6烷基和氨基复合的形态。例如二甲基氨基或二乙基氨基等。
N-(C1-6烷基)氨基羰基,是指含有N-(C1-6烷基)氨基和羰基复合的形态,优选作为N-(C1-4烷基)氨基羰基的N-甲基氨基羰基等。
N,N-二(C1-6烷基)氨基羰基,是指含有N,N-二(C1-6烷基)氨基和羰基复合的形态,优选作为N,N-二(C1-6烷基)氨基羰基的N,N-二甲基氨基羰基等。
在-(CH2)m-Q以及-(CH2)m’-Q’中m以及m’为1以上的整数时的例子如下所示。
当Q以及Q’为C1-6烷氧基时,例如有甲氧基甲基等。
当Q以及Q’为氨基时,例如有氨基甲基等。
当Q以及Q’为C2-10酰氧基时,例如有乙酰氧基甲基、苯甲酰基氧基乙基等。
当Q以及Q’为C2-10酰基氨基时,例如有乙酰基氨基甲基等。
当Q以及Q’为N,N-二(C1-6烷基)氨基时,例如有N,N-二甲基氨基甲基等。
C3-7环烷基,是指含有3-7个碳原子的环状烷基,例如有环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基等。其中优选环丙基。
C3-7环烷氧基,是指含有C3-7环烷基和-O-复合的形态,例如有环丙氧基、环戊氧基。
芳基,例如有苯基、萘基(包括1-萘基、2-萘基),优选苯基。
芳氧基,是指含有芳基和-O-复合的形态,例如有苯氧基、萘氧基。
C7-10芳烷氧基,是指含有C7-10芳烷基和-O-复合的形态,例如有苄氧基、苯乙基氧基。
C7-10芳烷基氨基,是指含有C7-10芳烷基和-NH-复合的形态,例如有苄基氨基、苯乙基氨基。
杂芳基,例如吡啶基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、噻二唑基、吡唑基、咪唑基、呋喃基(包括2-呋喃基、3-呋喃基)、噻嗯基(包括2-噻嗯基、3-噻嗯基)、噁唑基、异噁唑基、吡咯基(包括1-吡咯基、2-吡咯基、3-吡咯基,优选1-吡咯基)、咪唑基、三唑基、异噁唑基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻唑基、苯并噻嗯基。
4-6员杂环烷基,是指环内至少含有1个杂原子(氧原子、氮原子或硫原子)的4-6员杂环烷基,例如环内可以含有1个以上氮原子、或1个以上氧原子、硫原子的环状氨基等。例如吗啉代基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、1-吡咯烷基等。
作为被1-4个取代基取代的杂芳基,下面以C1-6烷基作为取代基进行说明。
被C1-6烷基取代的噻唑基,是指其环上的至少一个氢原子被C1-6烷基所取代的噻唑基,优选被C1-4烷基、更优选被甲基所取代的噻唑基,例如4-甲基噻唑-2-基等。
被C1-6烷基取代的吡啶基,是指其环上的至少一个氢原子被C1-6烷基所取代的吡啶基,优选被C1-4烷基、更优选被甲基所取代的吡啶基,例如2-甲基吡啶-5-基等。
被C1-6烷基取代的吡唑基,是指其环上的至少一个氢原子被C1-6烷基所取代的吡唑基,优选被C1-4烷基、更优选被甲基、乙基所取代的吡唑基,例如1-甲基吡唑-4-基、1-乙基吡唑-4-基等。
被C1-6烷基取代的吡咯基,是指其环上的至少一个氢原子被C1-6烷基所取代的吡咯基,优选被C1-4烷基、更优选被甲基所取代的吡咯基,例如1-甲基吡咯基等。
作为被1-4个取代基取代的杂环烷基,下面以C1-6烷基作为取代基进行说明。
4-C1-6烷基哌嗪基,是指1个氮原子上的氢原子被C1-6烷基所取代的1-哌嗪基,例如4-甲基哌嗪-1-基、4-乙基哌嗪-1-基等。
另外制药学上允许的盐,是指碱金属盐类,碱土金属盐类,与铵、烷基铵等成的盐,与无机酸或有机酸成的盐,例如钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、铵盐、铝盐、三乙胺盐、乙酸盐、丙酸盐、丁酸盐、甲酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、马来酸盐、酒石酸盐、柠檬酸盐、硬脂酸盐、琥珀酸盐、乙基琥珀酸盐、乳糖酸盐、葡糖酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、苯甲酸盐、甲烷磺酸盐、乙烷磺酸盐、2-羟基乙烷磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、月桂基硫酸盐、苹果酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、谷氨酸盐、己二酸盐、与半胱氨酸成的盐、与N-乙酰基半胱氨酸成的盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、磷酸盐、硫酸盐、氢碘酸盐、烟酸盐、草酸盐、苦味酸盐、硫氰酸盐、十一酸盐、与丙烯酸聚合物成的盐、与羧基乙烯基聚合物成的盐等。
本发明化合物优选的方案如下。
X的优选例为-(CH2)n-(n为0-3的整数,优选n=1)、-CO(CH2)n-(n为0-3的整数,优选n=2)、-CONH(CH2)n-(n为0-3的整数,优选n=1)。
X更优选为-CH2-。
式(II)中R6、R7、R8以及R9的优选例,可以相同或不同,表示氢原子、卤素原子、羟基、可以被1-4个从卤素原子和羟基组成的组中选择的取代基取代的C1-6烷基、-(CH2)m-Q{式中,m表示0-4的整数,Q表示氨基、氰基、羧基、可以被1-4个卤素原子取代的C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷氧基、C2-10酰氧基(优选C2-4烷酰氧基)、C2-10酰基、C2-6烷氧羰基、C2-10酰基氨基、N,N-二(C1-6烷基)氨基、或氨基甲酰基}、或可以被1-4个取代基取代的C3-7环烷基或C7-10芳烷基(此处的取代基从卤素原子、羟基、C1-6烷基以及C1-6烷氧基组成的组中选择)。
另外,R6优选氢原子、卤素原子、羟基、可以被1-4个卤素原子取代的C1-6烷基或C1-6烷氧基、C2-4烷酰氧基、或可以被1-4个取代基取代的C3-7环烷基(此处的取代基从卤素原子、羟基、C1-6烷基以及C1-6烷氧基组成的组中选择),更优选氢原子、卤素原子或羟基。
另外R7优选氢原子、卤素原子、羟基、可以被1-4个从卤素原子和羟基组成的组中选择的取代基取代的C1-6烷基、-(CH2)m-Q{式中,m表示0-4的整数,Q表示羧基、可以被1-4个卤素原子取代的C1 -6烷氧基、C2-10酰氧基、C2-10酰基、C2-6烷氧羰基、或氨基甲酰基},更优选氢原子、卤素原子、可以被1-4个由卤素原子以及羟基组成的组中选择的取代基所取代的C1-6烷基、羧基、或C2-6烷氧羰基,最优选氢原子或卤素原子。
另外R8优选氢原子、卤素原子、羟基、可以被1-4个从卤素原子和羟基组成的组中选择的取代基所取代的C1-6烷基、-(CH2)m-Q{式中,m表示0-4的整数,Q表示氨基、氰基、羧基、可以被1-4个卤素原子取代的C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷氧基、C2-10酰氧基、C2-10酰基、C2-6烷氧羰基、C2-10酰基氨基、N,N-二(C1-6烷基)氨基、或氨基甲酰基}、更优选氢原子、卤素原子、羟基、可以被1-4个由卤素原子以及羟基组成的组中选择的取代基所取代的C1-6烷基、或-(CH2)m-Q{式中,m表示0-4的整数,Q表示羧基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷氧基、C2-4烷酰氧基、或C2-6烷氧羰基}。
另外,R9优选氢原子、卤素原子、可以被1-4个卤素原子取代的C1-6烷基、或可以被1-4个取代基取代的C7-10芳烷基(此处的取代基从卤素原子、羟基、C1-6烷基以及C1-6烷氧基组成的组中选择),更优选氢原子或卤素原子。
在式(II)中,R10、R11、R12、R13以及R14的优选例,可以相同或不同,表示氢原子、卤素原子、羟基、可以被1-4个从卤素原子和羟基组成的组中选择的取代基所取代的C1-6烷基、-(CH2)m’-Q’{式中,m’表示0-4的整数,Q’表示氨基、硝基、氰基、羧基、可以被1-4个卤素原子取代的C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷氧基、C2-10酰氧基、C2-10酰基、C2-6烷氧羰基、C1-6烷硫基、C1-6烷基亚磺酰基、C1-6烷基磺酰基、-NHC(=O)H、C2-10酰基氨基、C1-6烷基磺酰基氨基、N,N-二(C1-6烷基)氨基、氨基甲酰基、或N,N-二(C1-6烷基)氨基羰基}、或可以被1-4个取代基取代的C3-7环烷基、C3-7环烷基氧基、芳基、C7-10芳烷基、芳氧基、C7-10芳烷氧基、C7-10芳烷氨基、杂芳基或4-6员杂环烷基(此处的取代基从卤素原子、羟基、C1-6烷基以及C1-6烷氧基组成的组中选择)。
更优选的是,仅R12为从上述优选例中选择的取代基,R10、R11、R13以及R14表示氢原子、卤素原子、或可以被1-4个卤素原子取代的C1 -6烷基或C1-6烷氧基。
优选下面列举的任一具体化合物。
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物1)
4’-氯-2’-(4’-乙基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物2)
2’-(4’-甲基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物3)
2’-(4’-甲氧基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物4)
2’-(4’-乙氧基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物5)
2’-(4’-三氟甲基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物6)
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)-4’-甲基苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物7)
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)-4’-氟苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物8)
2’-(4’-氟苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物9)
4’-溴-2’-(4’-乙基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物10)
2’-苄基苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物11)
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)-4’-(羟甲基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物13)
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)-3’-羟基苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物14)
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)-4’-甲氧基羰基苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物15)
4’-羧基-2’-(4’-乙基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物16)
4’,6’-二溴-2’-(4’-乙基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物17)
2’-(4’-羟基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物18)
2’-(4’-羟基乙基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物19)
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)-5’-(甲氧基甲基氧)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物20)
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)-5’-羟基苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物21)
2’-[3’-(苯并呋喃-5’-基)-1’-氧丙基]-3’-羟基-5’-甲基苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物2 2)
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)苯基6-O-甲氧基羰基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物23)
4’,6’-二氯-2’-(4’-乙基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物31)
4’,6’-二氟-2’-(4’-乙基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物32)
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)-5’-(羟甲基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物39)
4’-氯-2’-(4’-甲氧基羰基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物40)
4’-氯-2’-(4’-硝基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物41)
2’-(4’-氨基苄基)-4’-氯苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物42)
2’-(4’-吡唑-1’-基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物43)
4’-氯-2’-(2’-氟苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物44)
2’-(4’-丁氧基苄基)-4’-氯苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物45)
2’-(4’-丁基苄基)-4’-氯苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物46)
2’-(4’-乙酰基氨基苄基)-4’-氯苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物47)
2’-(4’-乙基硫代苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物48)
4’-氯-2’-(4’-甲基磺酰基氨基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物51)
4’-氯-2’-(4’-N,N-二甲基氨基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物52)
2’-(4’-羟甲基苄基)-苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物56)
2’-(2’-氯-6’-氟苄基)-4’-氯苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物59)
4’-氯-2’-(2’,4’-二氟苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物60)
4’-氯-2’-(3’-氟苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物61)
4’-氯-2’-(4’-异丙基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物63)
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)-5’-氟苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物64)
2’-(2’,4’,6’-三甲氧基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物65)
4’-氯-2’-(2’,3’,5’,6’-四氟苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物66)
4’-氯-2’-(4’-苯基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物67)
4’-氯-2’-(3’-三氟甲氧基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物69)
4’-氯-2’-(2’,4’-二氯苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物70)
4’-氯-2’-(4’-戊氧基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物72)
2’-(4’-吗啉代苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物73)
2’-(4’-哌啶基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物74)
2’-(4’-叔丁基苄基)-4’-氯苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物75)
4’-氯-2’-(3’-氟-5’-三氟甲基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物76)
5’-(乙酰氧基甲基)-2’-(4’-乙基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物77)
4’-氯-2’-(2’,4’-二甲氧基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物80)
4’-氯-2’-(2’-乙氧基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物81)
4’-氯-2’-(2’-甲基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物82)
2’-[4’-(4’-乙基哌嗪-1’-基)苄基]苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物83)
3’-羟基-2’-(4’-甲氧基苄基氨基羰基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物84)
2’-(4’-氨基甲酰基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物85)
2’-(4’-N,N-二甲基氨基羰基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物86)
2’-(4’-乙酰基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物88)
2’-[4’-(1’-羟基乙基)苄基]苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物89)
2’-(4’-环丙基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物90)
2’-(4’-氰基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物91)
更优选下面列举的任一具体化合物。
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物1)
4’-氯-2’-(4’-乙基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物2)
2’-(4’-甲基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物3)
2’-(4’-甲氧基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物4)
2’-(4’-乙氧基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物5)
2’-(4’-三氟甲基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物6)
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)-4’-甲基苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物7)
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)-4’-氟苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物8)
2’-(4’-氟苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物9)
4’-溴-2’-(4’-乙基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物10)
2’-苄基苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物11)
2’-(4’-羟基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物18)
2’-(4’-羟基乙基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物19)
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)-5’-(甲氧基甲基氧)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物20)
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)-5’-羟基苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物21)
2’-[3’-(苯并呋喃-5’-基)-1’-氧丙基]-3’-羟基-5’-甲基苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物22)
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)-5’-(羟甲基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物39)
2’-(4’-吡唑-1’-基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物43)
2’-(4’-乙基硫代苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物48)
5’-(乙酰氧基甲基)-2’-(4’-乙基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物77)
3’-羟基-2’-(4’-甲氧基苄基氨基羰基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物84)
2’-(4’-氨基甲酰基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物85)
2’-(4’-N,N-二甲基氨基羰基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物86)
2’-(4’-乙酰基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物88)
2’-[4’-(1’-羟基乙基)苄基]苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物89)
2’-(4’-环丙基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物90)
2’-(4’-氰基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物91)
本发明化合物可以抑制与肾脏葡萄糖再吸收有关的钠依赖性葡萄糖转运蛋白2(SGLT2)(J.Clin.Invest.,第93卷,397项,1994年)。
由于本发明化合物是通过抑制SGLT2从而阻碍糖的再吸收,并将多余的糖排出体外达到治疗糖尿病的目的,所以可以在不增加胰脏β细胞负荷的情况下纠正高血糖,并且可以改善胰岛素抵抗性。
本发明提供了用于预防或治疗通过抑制SGLT2的活性使疾病或症状如糖尿病、与糖尿病有关的疾病以及糖尿病并发症得以改善的的药物。
此处的“糖尿病”包括1型糖尿病、2型糖尿病、以及由于特定原因导致的其他类型的糖尿病。
此处的“与糖尿病有关的疾病”包括肥胖、高胰岛素血症、糖代谢异常、高脂血症、高胆甾醇血症、高甘油三酸酯血症、脂质代谢异常、高血压、缺血性心功能不全、浮肿、高尿酸血症、痛风等。
此处的“糖尿病并发症”分为急性并发症以及慢性并发症。
“急性并发症”例如高血糖(酮酸中毒等)、感染(皮肤、软组织、胆管系统、呼吸系统、尿路感染等)等。
“慢性并发症”例如毛细血管症(肾病、视网膜症)、动脉硬化症(动脉粥样硬化、心肌梗塞、脑梗塞、下肢动脉闭塞等)、神经障碍(感觉神经、运动神经、交感神经等)、足坏疽等。
主要的并发症有糖尿病性视网膜症、糖尿病性肾脏疾病、糖尿病性神经障碍。
另外,本发明化合物可以与SGLT2活性抑制剂以外的作用机理不同的其他糖尿病治疗药、糖尿病并发症治疗药、高脂血症治疗药、高血压治疗药等合并使用。与分别使用单剂获得的效果相比,期待通过本发明化合物与其他药剂合并使用,对上述疾病起到协同效果。
可合并使用的“糖尿病治疗药、糖尿病并发症治疗药”例如胰岛素感受性增强药(PPARγ激动剂、PPARα/γ激动剂、PPARδ激动剂、PPARα/γ/δ激动剂等)、糖苷酶抑制剂、双胍剂、胰岛素分泌促进剂、胰岛素制剂、胰高血糖素受体拮抗剂、胰岛素受体激酶促进剂、三肽基肽酶II抑制剂、二肽基肽酶IV抑制剂、蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶1B抑制剂、糖原磷酸化酶抑制剂、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶抑制剂、糖异生抑制剂、果糖双磷酸酶抑制剂、丙酮酸脱氢酶抑制剂、葡萄糖激酶活化剂、D-手性肌醇、糖原合成酶激酶3抑制剂、胰高血糖素样肽-1、胰高血糖素样肽-1类似物、胰高血糖素样肽-1激动剂、胰淀素、胰淀素类似物、胰淀素激动剂、糖皮质激素受体拮抗剂、11β-羟基甾体脱氢酶抑制剂、醛糖还原酶抑制剂、蛋白激酶C抑制剂、γ-氨基丁酸受体拮抗剂、钠离子通道拮抗剂、转录因子NF-κB抑制剂、1KKβ抑制剂、脂质过氧化酶抑制剂、N-乙酰基化-α-连接酸二肽酶(N-acetylated-α-linked-acid-dipeptidase)抑制剂、胰岛素样生长因子-I、血小板由来生长因子(PDGF)、血小板由来生长因子(PDGF)类似物、上皮增殖因子(EGF)、神经生长因子、肉毒碱衍生物、尿核苷、5-羟基-1-甲基乙内酰脲、EGB-761、Bimoclomol(ビモクロモル)、舒洛地特、Y-128、TAK-428等。
作为糖尿病治疗药、糖尿病并发症治疗药,例如下面所示的药物。
“双胍药”例如二甲双胍盐酸、苯乙双胍等。
在“胰岛素分泌促进剂”中,磺酰脲类例如格列本脲(优降糖)、格列吡嗪、甲磺吡脲、氯磺丙脲等;非磺酰脲类例如纳格列奈、瑞格列奈、米格列奈等。
“胰岛素制剂”包括基因重组人胰岛素和动物由来胰岛素。另外根据作用时间分3种,速效型(人胰岛素、人中性胰岛素)、中间型(胰岛素-人低精锌胰岛素水性悬浊液、人中性胰岛素-人低精锌胰岛素水性悬浊液、人胰岛素锌水性悬浊液、胰岛素锌水性悬浊液)、持续型(人结晶性胰岛素锌悬浊液)等。
“糖苷酶抑制剂”例如阿卡波糖、伏格列波糖、米格列醇等。
在“胰岛素感受性增强药”中,PPARγ激动剂例如曲格列酮、吡格列酮、罗格列酮等,PPARα/γdual激动剂例如MK-767(KRP-297)、Tesaglitazar、LM4156、LY510929、DRF-4823、TY-51501等,PPARδ激动剂例如GW-501516等。
“三肽基肽酶II抑制剂”例如UCL-139等。
“二肽基肽酶IV抑制剂”例如NVP-DPP728A、LAF-237、P32/98、TSL-225等。
“醛糖还原酶抑制剂”例如全顺十八碳-6,9,12-三烯酸抗坏血酸酯、托瑞司他、依帕司他、非达司他(fidarestat)、索比尼尔、泊那司他(ponalrestat)、risarestat、折那司他(zenarestat)等。
“γ-氨基丁酸受体拮抗剂”例如托吡酯等。
“钠离子通道抑制剂”例如盐酸美西律等。
“转录因子NF-κB抑制剂”例如dexlipotam等。
“脂质过氧化酶抑制剂”例如甲磺酸替拉扎特等。
“N-乙酰基化-α-连接-酸二肽酶(N-acetylated-α-linked-acid-dipeptidase)抑制剂”例如GPI-5693等。
“肉毒碱衍生物”例如肉毒碱、盐酸乙酰左旋肉毒碱等。
可合并使用的“高脂血症治疗药、高血压治疗药”例如羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶抑制剂、贝特(fibrate)类化合物、β3-肾上腺素受体激动剂、AMPK活性化剂、酰基辅酶A:胆甾醇酰基转移酶抑制剂、丙丁酚、甲状腺激素受体激动剂、胆甾醇吸收抑制剂、脂肪酶抑制剂、微粒体甘油三酸酯转移蛋白抑制剂、脂氧合酶抑制剂、肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶抑制剂、角鲨烯合成酶抑制剂、低密度脂蛋白受体促进剂、烟酸衍生物、胆汁酸吸附剂、钠共轭胆汁酸转运抑制剂、胆甾醇酯转运蛋白抑制剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂、内皮素(endothelin)转换酶抑制剂、内皮素受体拮抗剂、利尿药、钙拮抗剂、血管扩张性降压药、交感神经阻断剂、中枢性降压药、α2-肾上腺素受体激动剂、抗血小板药、尿酸生成抑制剂、尿酸排泄促进剂、尿碱化剂、食欲抑制剂、AGE抑制剂、脂联素(Adiponectin)受体激动剂、GPR40激动剂、GPR40拮抗剂等。
高脂血症治疗剂、高血压治疗药如下所示。
“羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶抑制剂”例如氟伐他汀、洛伐他汀、普伐他汀、西立伐他汀、匹伐他汀(pitavastatin)等。
“氯贝特类化合物”例如苯扎贝特、苄氯贝特、比尼贝特等。
“角鲨烯合成酶抑制剂”例如TAK-475、α-膦酰基磺酸酯衍生物(α-phosphonosulfonate)(USP5712396)等。
“酰基辅酶A:胆甾醇酰基转移酶抑制剂”例如CI-1011、NTE-122、FCE-27677、RP-73163、MCC-147、DPU-129等。
“低密度脂蛋白受体促进剂”例如MD-700、LY-295427等。
“微粒体甘油三酸酯转移蛋白抑制剂(MTP抑制剂)”例如USP5739135、USP5712279、USP5760246等记载的化合物。
“食欲抑制剂”例如肾上腺素.去甲肾上腺素作用药(马吲哚(Mazindol)、麻黄碱等)、5-羟色胺作用药(5-羟色胺再摄入选择性抑制剂,例如氟伏沙明等)、肾上腺素.5-羟色胺作用药(西布曲明等)、黑皮素(Melanocortin)受体4(MC4R)激动剂、α-黑素细胞刺激激素(α-MCH)、瘦素(leptin)、cocaine-and amphetamineregulated transcript(CART)等。
“甲状腺激素受体激动剂”例如甲碘胺钠、左旋甲状腺素钠等。
“胆甾醇吸收抑制剂”例如Ezetimib(エゼチミブ)等。
“胰脂酶抑制剂”例如奥利司他等。
“肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶抑制剂”例如益托某西尔等。
“烟酸衍生物”例如烟酸、烟酰胺、烟酸环己醇酯、尼可地尔等。
“胆汁酸吸附剂”例如考来替兰(colestilan)、colesevelamhydrochloride等。
“血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂”例如卡托普利、马来酸依那普利、阿拉普利、西拉普利等。
“血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂”例如坎地沙坦(candesartancilexetil)、洛沙坦、甲磺酸艾普沙坦等。
“内皮素转换酶抑制剂”例如CGS-31447、CGS-35066等。
“内皮素受体拮抗剂”例如L-749805、TBC-3214、BMS-182874等。
例如在治疗糖尿病等疾病时,优选将本发明化合物与由胰岛素感受性增强药(PPARγ激动剂、PPARα/γ激动剂、PPARδ激动剂、PPARα/γ/δ激动剂等)、糖苷酶抑制剂、双胍药、胰岛素分泌促进剂、胰岛素制剂以及二肽基肽酶IV抑制剂组成的组中选择的至少一种制剂合并使用。
另外,优选本发明化合物与由羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶抑制剂、贝特类化合物、角鲨烯合成酶抑制剂、酰基辅酶A:胆甾醇酰基转移酶抑制剂、低密度脂蛋白受体促进剂、微粒体甘油三酸酯转移蛋白抑制剂以及食欲抑制剂组成的组中选择的至少一种药剂合并使用。
本发明的药物可以全身或局部给药,给药途径可以是经口或非经口给药如直肠内、皮下、肌肉内、静脉内、经皮等。
为将本发明化合物作为药物使用,可以根据需要选择固体组合物、液体组合物以及其他组合物的任一种最适合的形态。
本发明的药物可以通过在本发明化合物中配合使用药学上允许的载体而制得。具体例如可以添加常用的赋形剂、增量剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、被覆剂、糖衣剂、PH调整剂、溶解剂、或水性或非水性溶剂,通过常用的制剂技术,制剂成片剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、粉末剂、散剂、溶液剂、乳剂、悬浊液、注射剂等。作为赋形剂、增量剂,例如乳糖、硬脂酸镁、淀粉、滑石、明胶、琼脂、果胶、阿拉伯胶、橄榄油、芝麻油、可可油、乙二醇等或其他常用的物质。
另外,本发明化合物可以与α、β或γ-环糊精或甲基化环糊精等形成包埋化合物从而制剂化。
本发明化合物的给药量根据患者的疾病种类、症状、体重、年龄、给药途径不同而不同,成人优选0.1-1000mg/kg体重/日,更优选0.1-200mg/kg体重/日,每日一次或分数次给药。
本发明的化合物可以按照例如下面所示的制备方法合成。
作为键中间体的5-硫代-D-吡喃葡糖(VII)可以按照例如下面的方法制备。
反应过程1
戊-O-乙酸酯衍生物(V)(Tetrahedron Lett.,第22卷,5061页,1981年、J.Org.Chem.,第31卷,1514页,1966年)可以由D-吡喃葡糖-3,6-内酯(IV)按步骤8合成制得。
然后,将化合物(V)在适当的溶剂(DMF、THF、甲醇、乙醇等)中与乙酸肼(Tetrahedron,Lett.,第33卷,7675页,1992年)、或苄胺,优选甲基肼与乙酸1∶1的混合物反应,可以得到选择性的1位乙酰基脱保护的化合物(VI)。反应温度在室温至80℃,反应时间为20分钟至24小时。
再有,将化合物(VI)的1位羟基保护以后(例如用四氢吡喃基保护),除去乙酰基,在碱性条件下与C2-10酰氯(例如C2-6烷酰基或苯甲酰氯)反应,可以衍生得到5-硫代-D-吡喃葡糖衍生物(VII){式中的R21、R22、R23、R24相同或不同,表示C2-10酰基(例如C2-6烷酰基或苯甲酰基)}(Chem.Lett.,626页,2002年)。
与葡萄糖配基相当的中间体:关于Ar-YH,例如式(I)化合物的中间体,即下式所示的化合物可以参考下面的文献合成(国际专利公开WO0168660号、WO0174834号、WO0174835号、WO0228872号、WO0244192号、WO0264606号、WO0311880号)。
式中,R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和Y与上述含义相同。
在式(II)化合物的中间体中,当X为-CH2-时,其中的一例是将苯酚(IX)与苄基醇(X)在酸性条件下缩合,得到化合物(XI)。
反应过程-2
(式中,R32、R33相同或不同,表示氢原子、卤素原子或C1-6烷基,R10、R11、R12、R13、R14与上述含义相同。)
作为缩合时使用的酸,例如甲烷磺酸、对甲苯磺酸等,在使用溶剂时优选使用沸点高的溶剂例如硝基苯等。反应温度为100℃-200℃,反应时间为10分钟至150分钟。
反应过程-3
(式中,虚线表示包括D型、L型以及混合物在内的任一种立体异构体,取代基的含义与上述相同。)
然后,用偶氮试剂以及膦类在“光延”反应条件(Org.Reactions,第42卷,第335页)下将5-硫代-D-吡喃葡糖衍生物(VI)或(VII)与Ar-YH缩合,可以制得化合物(XII)。
“光延”反应使用的溶剂为四氢呋喃、二噁烷、甲苯、二氯甲烷、氯仿、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、二甲亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺等,优选四氢呋喃、甲苯,更优选甲苯。作为膦类,例如三苯基膦、三-正丁基膦、三-叔丁基膦、三甲苯基膦、以及二苯基-2-吡啶基膦等,其中优选三甲苯基膦、二苯基-2-吡啶基膦,更优选三苯基膦。作为偶氮试剂,例如二乙基偶氮二羧酸酯、二异丙基偶氮二羧酸酯或二叔丁基偶氮二羧酸酯、1,1’-偶氮双(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)或1,1’-(偶氮二羰基)二哌啶等。其中优选二乙基偶氮二羧酸酯、二异丙基偶氮二羧酸酯。反应温度优选-20℃至室温。
再有,可以根据需要对糖羟基的保护基进行脱保护,或根据需要进行前药化,制得本发明化合物(i)。
脱保护时,可以使用甲醇钠、氢氧化钠、氢氧化锂、碳酸钾、碳酸铯、三乙胺等碱。反应中适用的溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、含水甲醇等。
另外,在前药化时,可以用本领域人员公知的羟基保护剂(例如酸酐、氯甲酸酯等)将-OR21-24(R21-R24与上述定义相同)转变为-OR1-4(R1-R4表示构成前药的基团)。在上述反应中适用的溶剂为三甲基吡啶、吡啶、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺等。
作为“构成前药的基团”,例如作为前药通常使用的羟基保护基,如C2-10酰基{例如C2-8烷酰基(优选C2-6烷酰基)或苯甲酰基}、C2-6烷氧羰基、C1-6烷氧基C2-10酰基(优选C1-6烷氧基C2-6烷酰基)、C1-6烷氧基C2-6烷氧羰基等。
另外,通过调节反应条件,可以有选择地仅使-OR24反应而得到-OR4。此时R4的优选基团为C2-6烷酰基基、C2-6烷氧羰基等。
再有,本发明化合物(XV)可以通过以下方法制得。
反应过程-4
(式中,R1-R4、R21-R24、X以及A1与上述含义相同。)
通过将化合物(VII)与化合物(XIII)发生“光延”反应缩合,可以制得化合物(III)。然后通过Suzuki偶合反应、Stille偶合反应、脱水缩合反应、醛醇缩合等,可以构筑成X-A1部分,得到化合物(XIV)。
例如当R25为氨基、羟基或卤素原子时,这些基团可以在钯催化剂(例如Pd2(OAc)2、Pd(dba)2、dba:dibenzyliden acetone、Pd(PPh3)4等)或铜催化剂(例如Cu(OAc)2等)的存在下,与可以被取代的芳基硼酸(例如苯基硼酸)或可以被取代的杂芳基硼酸进行偶合,制备A1为可以被取代的芳基或杂芳基、X为-NH-、-O-或单键的衍生物。该反应中优选的催化剂为铜催化剂,例如Cu(OAc)2等。
或者,当R25为卤素原子时,这些基团可以在钯催化剂(例如Pd2(OAc)2、Pd(dba)2、Pd(PPh3)4等)的存在下,与可以被取代的芳基三丁基锡(例如苯基三丁基锡)或可以被取代的杂芳基三丁基锡进行偶合,制备A1为可以被取代的芳基或杂芳基、X为单键的衍生物。
或者,当R25为C2-6烷酰基时,该基团可以与A1-CHO(A1与上述定义相同)(例如甲酰基苯并呋喃)进行醛醇缩合。另外当R25为甲酰基时,该基团可以与A1-MgBr或A1Li反应,制得X为-CHOH-的合成中间体。
或者,当R25为氨基或羧基时,该基团在脱水缩合剂{例如N,N-二环己基碳化二亚胺(DCC)、水溶性盐酸碳化二亚胺(WSC.HCL)、羰基二咪唑(CDI)等}的存在下,分别对A1-(CH2)nCO2H或A1-(CH2)nNH2(n表示0-3的整数)进行缩合,得到X为-NHCO(CH2)n-或-CONH(CH2)n-(n表示0-3的整数)的化合物。
再有,可以根据需要除去糖羟基保护基,再根据需要进行前药化,制得本发明化合物(XV)。
参考例
用于制备本发明化合物中间体的制备例如以下参考例1-11所示。
参考例1
4-氯-2-(4-乙基苄基)苯酚的制备
将4-氯苯酚(2.0g,15.6mmol)、4-乙基苄基醇(2.12g,15.6mmol)以及甲烷磺酸(80mg,0.83mmol)的混合物在160℃下加热搅拌25分钟。将反应液用硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=9∶1)纯化,得到淡黄色油状的4-氯-2-(4-乙基苄基)苯酚(1.78g,46%)。
参考例2
4-溴-2-(4-乙基苄基)苯酚的制备
按参考例1同样的方法得到茶色油状的4-溴-2-(4-乙基苄基)苯酚(35%)。
参考例3
2,4-二溴-6-(4-乙基苄基)苯酚的制备
按参考例1同样的方法得到无色粉末状的2,4-二溴-6-(4-乙基苄基)苯酚(46%)。
mp 90.0-91.5℃
另外,在2-(4-乙基苄基)苯酚(1.01g,4.76mmol)和DMF(5ml)的混合物中,冰冷却下滴加N-溴琥珀酰亚胺(1.86g,10.5mmol)的DMF(5ml)溶液。1小时后将反应液用乙酸乙酯稀释,用饱和食盐水和饱和Na2S2O3溶液洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥。减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将残渣用硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=80∶20)纯化,得到2,4-二溴-6-(4-乙基苄基)苯酚(85%)。
mp 90.0-91.5℃
参考例4
3-(4-乙基苄基)-4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯的制备
在4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯(20g,131mmol)以及甲烷磺酸(80ml)的混合物中,室温下持续少量加入六亚甲基四胺(20g,144mmol)。在100℃下搅拌3.5小时后,添加浓盐酸(10ml)和水(300ml)。用乙酸乙酯萃取2次后,有机相用无水硫酸镁干燥。减压下蒸馏除去溶剂,将得到的残渣用硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=80∶20-65∶35)纯化,得到无色粉末状的3-甲酰基-4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯(7.24g,31%,mp 87.5-89.0℃)。
-70℃下向3-甲酰基-4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯(4.0g,22.2mmol)和四氢呋喃(100ml)的混合物中添加4-乙基苯基锂[在-70℃下向1-溴-4-乙基苯(12.3g,66mmol)以及四氢呋喃(200ml)的混合物中加入叔丁基锂(66mmol),搅拌30分钟得到],搅拌1小时。在反应液中加入饱和氯化铵水溶液,用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤后,无水硫酸镁干燥。减压下蒸馏除去溶剂,将得到的残渣用硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=65∶35-50∶50)纯化,得到淡黄色胶状的3-[(4-乙基苯基)羟甲基]苯甲酸甲酯(2.92g,46%)。
将3-[(4-乙基苯基)羟甲基]苯甲酸甲酯(2.88g,10.0mmol)、10%钯碳(200mg)、浓盐酸(0.5ml)以及甲醇(15ml)的混合物在氢气氛围下室温下搅拌14小时。过滤不溶物后,减压下蒸馏除去溶剂,将得到的残渣用硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=80∶20)纯化,得到无色粉末状的3-(4-乙基苄基)-4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯(2.38g,88%)。
mp 134.0-137.0℃
参考例5
2-(4-乙基苄基)间苯二酚的制备
在1,3-二甲氧基苯(6.9g,50mmol)以及四氢呋喃(70ml)的混合物中,冰冷却下加入正丁基锂(1.57M己烷溶液,35ml),搅拌1.5小时后,冰冷却下添加4-乙基苄基溴化物(10g,50mmol),再搅拌3.5小时。在反应液中加入饱和氯化铵水溶液,用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤后,无水硫酸镁干燥。减压下蒸馏除去溶剂,将得到的残渣用硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=95∶5-85∶15)纯化,得到淡黄色粉末状的1,3-二甲氧基-2-(4-乙基苄基)苯(6.37g,49%,mp 62.5-66.5℃)。
将1,3-二甲氧基-2-(4-乙基苄基)苯(6.0g,23.4mmol)以及吡啶盐酸盐(21.6g,187mmol)的混合物在180℃下加热搅拌15小时。在反应液中加水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相用稀盐酸水以及饱和食盐水洗涤后,无水硫酸镁干燥。减压下蒸馏除去溶剂,将得到的残渣用硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=80∶20)纯化,得到淡茶色油状的2-(4-乙基苄基)间苯二酚(5.2g,97%)。
参考例6
2-(4-三氟甲基苄基)苯酚的制备
室温下在镁(3.44g,142mmol)以及四氢呋喃(10ml)的混合物中加入4-溴三氟甲苯(2-3ml)。确认反应开始后滴加剩余4-溴三氟甲苯(总量为20.9g,93.1mmol)的四氢呋喃(56ml)溶液,直接搅拌30分钟。将反应液冰冷却后,加入2-苄基氧苯甲醛(16.4g,77.2mmol)的四氢呋喃(20ml)溶液,室温下搅拌1小时。将反应液注入饱和氯化铵水溶液中,用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤后,无水硫酸镁干燥。减压下蒸馏除去溶剂,将得到的残渣用中性的硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=90∶10-85∶15)纯化,得到2-苄基氧-(4’-三氟甲基)二苯基甲醇。
将上述得到的2-苄基氧-(4’-三氟甲基)二苯基甲醇、10%钯碳(1.68g)、浓盐酸(3.4ml)以及甲醇(330ml)的混合物在氢气氛围下室温下搅拌14.5小时。过滤不溶物后,减压下蒸馏除去溶剂,将得到的残渣用硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=93∶7-85∶15)纯化,得到无色油状的2-(4-三氟甲基苄基)苯酚(17.5g,90%)。
参考例7
按参考例6同样,得到无色油状的2-(4-氟苄基)苯酚(99%)。
参考例8
按参考例6同样,得到黄色油状的2-(4-乙基苄基)-4-甲基苯酚(88%)。
参考例9
2-(4-乙基苄基)-4-氟苯酚的制备
在2-溴-4-氟苯酚(24.7g,129mmol)、四丁基铵碘化物(4.8g,13.0mmol)、碳酸钾(35.9g,260mmol)以及N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(390ml)的混合物中加入苄基溴(23.5g,137mmol)室温下搅拌1.5小时。将反应液注入乙酸乙酯和饱和食盐水的混合物中,用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤2次后,用无水硫酸镁干燥。减压下蒸馏除去溶剂,将得到的残渣用硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=90∶10-80∶20)纯化,得到1-苄基氧-2-溴-4-氟苯(33.0g,90%)。
室温下在镁(3.2g,133mmol)以及四氢呋喃(10ml)的混合物中加入1-苄基氧-2-溴-4-氟苯(2-3ml)。加热,在确认反应开始后滴加剩余的1-苄基氧-2-溴-4-氟苯(总量为30.0g,106mmol)的四氢呋喃(60ml)溶液,搅拌30分钟。将反应液冰冷却后,加入4-乙基苯甲醛(16.4g,77.2mmol)的四氢呋喃(20ml)溶液,室温下搅拌3小时。将反应液注入饱和氯化铵水溶液中,用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤后,无水硫酸镁干燥。减压下蒸馏除去溶剂,将得到的残渣用中性的硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=90∶10-80∶20)纯化,得到2-苄基氧-5-氟-(4’-乙基)二苯基甲醇。
将上述得到的2-苄基氧-5-氟-(4’-乙基)二苯基甲醇、10%钯碳(1.77g)、浓盐酸(3.5ml)以及甲醇(350ml)的混合物在氢气氛围下室温下搅拌13小时。过滤不溶物后,减压下蒸馏除去溶剂,将得到的残渣用硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=90∶10-80∶20)纯化,得到黄色油状的2-(4-乙基苄基)-4-氟苯酚(21.0g,85%)。
参考例10
2-(4-乙酰基苄基)苯酚的制备
将2-(4-甲氧基羰基苄基)苯酚(250mg,1.03mmol)、甲醇(1.0ml)、2M NaOH(4.0ml)的混合物在75℃下搅拌1小时。冰冷却后,将反应液的pH值用1M盐酸调整至3.0。析出的沉淀物用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤后,无水硫酸镁干燥。减压下蒸馏除去溶剂,在得到的残渣(230mg)中加入四氢呋喃(10ml),然后添加盐酸N-O-二甲基羟基胺(301mg)、三乙胺(0.456ml)、水(0.5ml)、WSC HCl(296mg)、HOBT(210mg)。室温下搅拌2小时后,在反应液中加入NaHCO3水溶液。将混合物用乙酸乙酯萃取2次,合并有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥。
浓缩溶剂,将得到的残渣用硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=1∶2)纯化,得到无色油状的4-(2-羟基苄基)-N-甲氧基-N-甲基苯甲酰胺(250mg,89%)。
然后,-20℃下在4-(2-羟基苄基)-N-甲氧基-N-甲基苯甲酰胺(250mg,0.921mmol)的四氢呋喃(10ml)溶液中加入甲基镁溴化物(12%in THF,2.8ml)。15分钟后第二次加入甲基镁溴化物(12%in THF,2.5ml)。然后第三次加入甲基镁溴化物(12%in THF,2.0ml)。10分钟后在反应液中加入饱和氯化铵水溶液,用乙酸乙酯萃取2次。合并有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥。浓缩溶剂,将得到的残渣用硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=3∶1)纯化,得到无色粉末状的标题化合物(110mg,53%)。
ESI m/z=249(M+Na)
参考例11
2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-D-吡喃葡糖的制备
在1,2,3,4,6-五-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-D-吡喃葡糖(34.0g,0.0837mol)的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(300ml)溶液中,冰冷却下添加甲基肼(6.70ml,0.120mmol)、乙酸(15ml,0.120mmol)以及N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(10ml)的混合物。将反应液在室温下搅拌2.5小时后,冰冷却下在反应液中添加0.5M HCl(300ml),然后用乙酸乙酯(250ml)萃取2次。合并有机相,依次用水(200ml)、饱和NaHCO3(100ml)、水(100ml)、饱和食盐水(100ml)洗涤,添加MgSO4、活性炭(1g)。过滤不溶物后,减压下浓缩滤液。将得到的残渣用异丙醇(70ml)结晶,得到2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-D-吡喃葡糖(26.9g,88%)的无色结晶。
实施例
以下通过实施例进一步详细说明本发明,但本发明并不受这些说明的记载。
实施例1
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
在2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-D-吡喃葡糖(100mg,0.274mmol)、2-(4-乙基苄基)苯酚(117mg,0.551mmol)、三苯基膦(144mg,0.548mmol)以及THF(3ml)的混合物中,室温下缓慢滴加二乙基偶氮二羧酸酯(40%甲苯溶液0.24ml)。室温下搅拌20小时后,浓缩反应液,将得到的残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=7∶3)纯化,得到无色粉末状的标题化合物(12mg,11%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ1.20(t,J=7.6Hz,3H),1.90(s,3H),2.01(s,3H),2.04(s,3H),2.05(s,3H),2.60(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),3.20-3.30(m,1H),3.88(s,2H),4.08-4.17(m,1H),4.25-4.35(m,1H),5.16(dd,J=8.9,9.3Hz,1H),5.33(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),5.39(dd,J=9.3,10.4Hz,1H),5.62(dd,J=8.6,8.9Hz,1H),6.94-7.00(m,1H),7.04-7.14(m,6H),7.17-7.24(m,1H).
ESI m/z=557(M-H)
mp 114.0-119.0℃
实施例2
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)-4’-氯苯基 2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
按实施例1同样操作,得到淡黄色胶状的标题化合物,收率为28%。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ1.21(t,J=7.6Hz,3H),1.92(s,3H),2.01(s,3H),2.04(s,3H),2.06(s,3H),2.61(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),3.23-3.30(m,1H),3.84(s,2H),4.13(dd,J=3.7 and 8.1Hz,1H),4.25-4.36(m,1H),5.14(dd,J=9.0 and 9.5Hz,1H),5.28(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),5.37(dd,J=9.5 and 10.2Hz,1H),5.60(dd,J=8.7 and 9.0Hz,1H),7.00-7.20(m,7H).
ESI m/z=615(M+Na)
实施例3
2’-(4’-甲基苄基)苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
按实施例1同样操作,得到无色粉末状的标题化合物,收率为14%。
ESI m/z=567(M+Na)
mp 109.0-113.0℃
实施例4
2’-(4’-甲氧基苄基)苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
在2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-D-吡喃葡糖(2.00g,5.48mmol)、2-(4-甲氧基苄基)苯酚(5.88g,27.4mmol)、三苯基膦(2.88g,10.9mmol)以及THF(20ml)的混合物中,冰冷却下缓慢滴加二乙基偶氮羧酸酯(40%甲苯溶液,4.79g,10.9mmol)。室温下搅拌20小时后,浓缩反应液,将得到的残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=65∶35)纯化。将得到的粗生成物用甲醇重结晶,得到无色粉末状的标题化合物(457mg,15%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ1.93(s,3H),2.02(s,3H),2.04(s,3H),2.06(s,3H),3.23-3.28(m,1H),3.77(s,3H),3.85(s,2H),4.09-4.14(m,1H),4.28-4.33(m,1H),5.16(dd,J=9.1,9.3Hz,1H),5.33(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),5.39(dd,J=9.6,10.2Hz,1H),5.62(dd,J=8.7,9.0Hz,1H),6.79-6.82(m,2H),6.95-7.21(m,6H).
ESI m/z=583(M+Na).
mp 87.0-89.0℃.
实施例5
2’-(4’-乙氧基苄基)苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
在2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-D-吡喃葡糖(2.00g,5.48mmol)、2-(4-乙氧基苄基)苯酚(6.25g,27.4mmol)、三苯基膦(2.88g,10.9mmol)以及四氢呋喃(20ml)的混合物中,冰冷却下缓慢滴加二乙基偶氮羧酸酯(40%甲苯溶液,4.79g)。室温下搅拌17小时后,浓缩反应液,将得到的残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=65∶35)纯化。得到的粉末用甲醇重结晶,得到无色粉末状的标题化合物(598mg,19%)。
ESI m/z=597(M+Na)
mp 93.0-94.5℃
实施例6
2’-(4’-三氟甲基苄基)苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
在2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-D-吡喃葡糖(2.00g,5.48mmol)、2-(4-三氟甲基苄基)苯酚(6.91g,27.4mmol)、三苯基膦(2.88g,10.9mmol)以及THF(20ml)的混合物中,冰冷却下缓慢滴加二乙基偶氮羧酸酯(40%甲苯溶液,4.79g,10.9mmol)。室温下搅拌20小时后,浓缩反应液,将得到的残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=65∶35)纯化。得到的粗生成物用甲醇重结晶,得到无色粉末状的标题化合物(630mg,19%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ1.90(s,3H),2.01(s,3H),2.05(s,6H),3.23-3.30(m,1H),3.96(s,2H),4.07-4.13(m,1H),4.27-4.32(m,1H),5.16(dd,J=9.0,9.5Hz,1H),5.34-5.41(m,2H),5.57(dd,J=8.5,9.1Hz,1H),7.01-7.29(m,6H),7.50-7.53(m,2H).
ESI m/z=621(M+Na).
mp 144.0-145.0℃.
实施例7
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)-4’-甲基苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
按实施例1同样操作,得到无色粉末状的标题化合物,收率为18%。
ESI m/z=595(M+Na)
mp 77.0-79.5℃
实施例8
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)-4’-氟苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
按实施例1同样操作,得到黄色非晶型的标题化合物,收率为23%。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ1.22(t,J=7.6Hz,3H),1.94(s,3H),2.02(s,3H),2.04(s,3H),2.06(s,3H),2.61(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),3.21-3.28(m,1H),3.86(s,2H),4.10-4.15(m,1H),4.31-4.34(m,1H),5.15(dd,J=9.0 and9.5Hz,1H),5.25(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),5.39(dd,J=9.6 and 10.3Hz,1H),5.61(dd,J=8.7 and 9.0Hz,1H),6.71-7.13(m,7H)
ESI m/z=599(M+Na)
实施例9
2’-(4’-氟苄基)苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
在2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-D-吡喃葡糖(2.00g,5.48mmol)、2-(4-氟苄基)苯酚(5.54g,27.4mmol)、三苯基膦(2.88g,10.9mmol)以及甲苯(20ml)的混合物中,冰冷却下缓慢滴加二乙基偶氮羧酸酯(40%甲苯溶液,4.79g,10.9mmol)。室温下搅拌20小时后,浓缩反应液,将得到的残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=90∶10)纯化。得到的粗生成物用甲醇重结晶,得到无色粉末状的标题化合物(751mg,25%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ1.93(s,3H),2.02(s,3H),2.04(s,3H),2.05(s,3H),3.23-3.30(m,1H),3.87(s,2H),4.09-4.14(m,1H),4.27-4.33(m,1H),5.16(dd,J=9.0,9.4Hz,1H),5.33-5.41(m,2H),5.59(dd,J=8.7,9.0Hz,1H),6.91-7.26(m,8H).
ESI m/z=571(M+Na).
mp 99.0-103.0℃.
实施例10
4’-溴-2’-(4’-乙基苄基)苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
按实施例1同样操作,得到黄色非晶型的标题化合物,收率为36%。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ1.21(t,J=7.6Hz,3H),1.91(s,3H),2.01(s,3H),2.04(s,3H),2.06(s,3H),2.61(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),3.25-3.30(m,1H),3.84(s,2H),4.10-4.15(m,1H),4.27-4.33(m,1H),5.15(dd,J=8.5 and8.7Hz,1H),5.38(t,J=8.9Hz,1H),5.60(dd,J=8.7 and 8.9Hz,1H),6.98-7.32(m,7H).
ESI m/z=659(M+Na).
实施例11
2’-苄基苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
按实施例1同样操作,得到无色粉末状的标题化合物,收率为18%。
ESI m/z=553(M+Na).
mp 124.5-125.5℃.
实施例12
3’-乙酰氧基-2’-(4’-乙基苄基)苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
在2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-D-吡喃葡糖(1.29g,3.54mmol)、2-(4-乙基苄基)间苯二酚(2.42g,10.6mmol)、三苯基膦(1.86g,7.09mmol)以及甲苯(13ml)的混合物中,冰冷却下缓慢滴加二乙基偶氮二羧酸酯(40%甲苯溶液,3.58g)。室温下搅拌24小时后,浓缩反应液,将得到的残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=65∶35-50∶50)纯化,得到3-羟基-2-(4-乙基苄基)苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的粗生成物。在该粗生成物(338mg)和吡啶(2ml)的混合物中室温下添加乙酸酐(0.5ml),有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤后用无水硫酸镁干燥。减压下蒸馏除去溶剂,将得到的残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=2∶1)纯化,得到淡黄色胶状的标题化合物(134mg,6%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ1.18(t,J=7.6Hz,3H),1.83(s,3H),1.99(s,3H),2.04(s,3H),2.06(s,3H),2.16(s,3H),2.57(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),3.24-3.30(m,1H),3.75-3.90(m,2H),4.10(dd,J=3.8 and 12.0Hz,1H),4.29(dd,J=5.2 and 12.0Hz,1H),5.14(dd,J=8.8 and 9.3Hz,1H),5.32(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),5.36(dd,J=9.5 and 10.0Hz,1H),5.58(dd,J=8.7 and 9.1Hz,1H),6.82(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.98-7.07(m,5H),7.20-7.30(m,1H).
ESI m/z=639(M+Na).
实施例13
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)-4’-甲氧基羰基苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
在2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-D-吡喃葡糖(1.0g,2.74mmol)、3-(4-乙基苄基)-4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯(2.23g,8.25mmol)、三苯基膦(1.44g,5.48mmol)以及甲苯(5ml)的混合物中,冰冷却下缓慢滴加二乙基偶氮二羧酸酯(40%甲苯溶液,2.77g)。室温下搅拌17小时后,浓缩反应液,将得到的残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=65∶35-50∶50)纯化,得到无色非晶型的标题化合物(646mg,38%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ1.20(t,J=7.6Hz,3H),1.88(s,3H),2.01(s,3H),2.04(s,3H),2.05(s,3H),2.59(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),3.27-3.35(m,1H),3.86(s,3H),3.89(s,2H),4.13(dd,J=3.9 and 12.0Hz,1H),4.30(dd,J=5.4 and 12.0Hz,1H),5.17(dd,J=8.8 and 9.3Hz,1H),5.40(dd,J=9.3and 10.3Hz,1H),5.40(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),5.61(dd,J=8.5 and 8.8Hz,1H),7.03-7.11(m,4H),7.13(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.83(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),7.92(d,J=2.2 and 8.7Hz,1H).
ESI m/z=639(M+Na).
实施例14
4’,6’-二溴-2’-(4’-乙基苄基)苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
在2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-D-吡喃葡糖(510mg,1.4mmol)、4,6-二溴-2-(4-乙基苄基)苯酚(1.05g,2.8mmol)、三苯基膦(550mg,2.1mmol)以及甲苯(8ml)的混合物中,冰冷却下缓慢滴加二乙基偶氮二羧酸酯(40%甲苯溶液,1.06g,2.1mmol)。室温下搅拌12小时后,浓缩反应液,将得到的残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=7∶3)纯化,得到无色粉末状的标题化合物(550mg,55%)。
1H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3):δ1.23(t,J=7.5Hz,3H),2.02(s,3H),2.03(s,3H),2.05(s,3H),2.06(s,3H),2.63(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.95(m,1H),(m,1H),3.92(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),4.02(dd,J=3.3,12.1Hz,1H),4.12(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),4.31(dd,J=5.1,12.1Hz,1H),5.11(t,J=9.2Hz,1H),5.34(dd,J=9.2,10.7Hz,1H),5.52(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),5.71(1,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.07-7.17(m,5H),7.56(d,J=2.4Hz,1H).
ESI m/z=737、739、740、742(M+Na).
mp 152.0-155.0℃.
实施例15
2’-(4’-苯甲酰基氧基苄基)苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
按实施例1同样操作,得到无色非晶型的标题化合物,收率为16%。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ1.94(s,3H),2.03(s,3H),2.06(s,3H),2.08(s,3H),3.26-3.30(m,1H),3.94(s,2H),4.10-4.16(m,1H),4.29-4.34(m,1H),5.18(dd,J=8.7 and 9.0Hz,1H),5.34-5.40(m,2H),5.62(dd,J=8.5and 9.0Hz,1H),7.00-7.27(m,8H),7.47-7.63(m,3H),8.17-8.20(m,2H).ESI m/z=673(M+Na).
实施例16
2’-[4’-(2’-苯甲酰基氧基乙基)苄基]苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
按实施例1同样操作,得到黄色油状的标题化合物。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ1.90(s,3H),2.01(s,3H),2.05(s,3H),2.08(s,3H),3.04(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),3.28-3.30(m,1H),3.90(s,2H),4.10-4.17(m,1H),4.28-4.47(m,1H),4.50(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),5.13-5.19(m,1H),5.32-5.39(m,2H),5.62(dd,J=8.7 and 8.9Hz,1H),6.97-7.27(m,8H),7.40-7.55(m,3H),7.99-8.03(m,2H).
ESI m/z=701(M+Na).
实施例17
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)-5’-(甲氧基甲基氧)苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
按实施例1同样操作,得到无色胶状的标题化合物,收率为23%。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ1.20(t,J=7.6Hz,3H),1.90(s,3H),2.00(s,3H),2.04(s,3H),2.06(s,3H),2.59(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),3.21-3.31(m,1H),3.48(s,3H),3.81(s,2H),4.13(dd,J=3.7 and 11.8Hz,1H),4.31(dd,J=5.1 and 11.8Hz,1H),5.12-5.20(m,1H),5.15(s,2H),5.28(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),5.38(dd,J=9.5 and 10.3Hz,1H),5.60(dd,J=8.7 and 9.0Hz,1H),6.68(dd,J=2.3 and 8.4Hz,1H),6.83(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),6.96(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.02-7.11(m,4H).
ESI m/z=641(M+Na).
实施例18
4’-溴-2’-苯甲酰基苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
在2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-D-吡喃葡糖(200mg,0.549mmol)、4-溴-2-苯甲酰基苯酚(773mg,2.79mmol)、三苯基膦(191mg,1.10mmol)以及甲苯(1.6ml)的混合物中,冰冷却下缓慢滴加二乙基偶氮二羧酸酯(40%甲苯溶液,0.48ml,1.10mmol)。室温下搅拌12小时后,浓缩反应液,将得到的残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=7∶3)纯化,得到标题化合物。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ1.89(s,3H),1.94(s,3H),2.01(s,3H),2.06(s,3H),3.23(m,1H),4.08-4.14(m,2H),5.16-5.25(m,3H),7.19(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.43-7.48(m,3H),7.57-7.61(m,2H),7.74-7.77(m,2H).
ESI m/z=645、647(M+Na).
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ1.91(s,3H),2.01(s,3H),2.05(s,3H),2.06(s,3H),3.28(m,1H),3.88(s,2H),4.14(dd,J=3.7,12.0Hz,1H),4.30(dd,J=5.3,12.0Hz,1H),5.16(dd,J=8.8,9.5Hz,1H),5.31(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),5.39(dd,J=9.5,10.3Hz,1H),5.60(dd,J=8.6,8.8Hz,1H),7.03-7.35(m,8H).
ESI m/z=587、589(M+Na).
mp 111.0-114.0℃.
实施例20
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)苯基2,4,6-三-O-三甲基乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
在2,4,6-三-O-三甲基乙酰基-5-硫代-D-吡喃葡糖(200mg,0.446mmol)、2-(4-乙基苄基)苯酚(473mg,2.23mmol)、三苯基膦(155mg,0.892mmol)以及THF(1.6ml)的混合物中,室温下缓慢滴加二乙基偶氮二羧酸酯(40%甲苯溶液,0.39ml)。室温下搅拌10小时后,浓缩反应液,将得到的残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=9∶1)纯化,得到标题化合物(91mg,32%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ1.16(s,9H),1.19(s,9H),1.23(s,9H),2.60(q,J=7.7Hz,2H),3.25(m,1H),3.62(dd,J=8.6,9.2Hz,1H),3.83(d,J=15Hz,1H),3.93(d,J=15Hz,1H),4.22(m 2H),5.27(dd,J=9.2,10.6Hz,1H),5.37(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),5.49(t,J=8.6Hz,1H),6.92-7.20(m,8H).
ESI m/z=665(M+Na).
实施例21
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-苯甲酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
在2,3,4,6-四-O-苯甲酰基-5-硫代-D-吡喃葡糖(200mg,0.33mmol)、2-(4-乙基苄基)苯酚(347mg,1.63mmol)、三苯基膦(171mg,0.65mmol)以及甲苯(2ml)的混合物中,室温下缓慢滴加二乙基偶氮二羧酸酯(40%甲苯溶液,284mg)。室温下搅拌16.5小时后,浓缩反应液,将得到的残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=4∶1)纯化,得到无色非晶型的标题化合物(41mg,15%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ1.16(t,J=7.6Hz,3H),2.53(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),3.70-3.80(m,1H),3.76(d,J=15.5Hz,1H),3.87(d,J=15.5Hz,1H),4.54(dd,J=5.1 and 12.0Hz,1H),4.65(dd,J=4.5 and 12.0Hz,1H),5.65(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),5.84(dd,J=9.1 and 9.5Hz,1H),6.03(dd,J=9.5 and 10.0Hz,1H),6.17(dd,J=8.4 and 9.1Hz,1H),6.85-7.60(m,20H),7.70-8.05(m,8H).
ESI m/z=829(M+Na).
实施例22
5’-乙酰基氧基甲基-2’-(4’-乙基苄基)苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
在2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-D-吡喃葡糖(1.0g,2.7mmol)、5-乙酰基氧基甲基-2-(4-乙基苄基)苯酚(1.5g,5.3mmol)、三苯基膦(941mg,5.4mmol)以及甲苯(5ml)的混合物中,室温下冰冷下缓慢滴加二乙基偶氮二羧酸酯(40%甲苯溶液,3.2ml)。室温下搅拌22小时后,浓缩反应液,将得到的残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=6∶4)纯化,得到无色非晶型的标题化合物(670mg,39%)。
1H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3):δ1.20(t,J=7.7Hz,3H),1.99(s,3H),2.01(s,3H),2.05(s,3H),2.06(s,3H),2.11(s,3H),2.60(q,J=7.7Hz,2H),3.29(ddd,J=4.0,5.2,10.1Hz,1H),3.86-3.92(m,2H),4.13(dd,J=4.0,12.0Hz,1H),4.31(dd,J=5.2,12.0Hz,1H),5.05-5.07(m,2H),5.17(dd,J=8.8,9.4Hz,1H),5.33(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),5.40(dd,J=9.4,10.1Hz,1H),5.61(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),6.95-7.15(m,7H).
ESI m/z=653(M+Na).
实施例23(化合物1)
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
在2’-(4’-乙基苄基)苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(310mg,0.555mmol)和甲醇(5ml)的混合物中加入甲醇钠(30mg,0.555mmol),室温下搅拌10小时。在反应液中加入Dowex-50Wx8离子交换树脂中和,过滤混合物。浓缩得到的滤液,将得到的残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(氯仿∶甲醇=20∶1)纯化,得到无色粉末状的标题化合物(170mg,78%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,MeOH-d4):δ1.19(t,J=7.3Hz,3H),2.58(q,J=7.3Hz,2H),2.88-2.95(m,1H),3.29-3.31(m,1H),3.55-3.60(m,1H),3.74-3.83(m,2H),3.90-3.93(m,1H),3.97-3.99(m,2H),5.17(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),6.91(dt,J=1.2,7.4Hz,1H),7.10-7.19(m,6H),7.27(d,J=7.9Hz,1H).
ESI m/z=389(M-H).
mp 154.0-160.0℃.
实施例24(化合物1)
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
将4’,6’-二溴-2’-(4’-乙基苄基)苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(410mg,0.572mmol)、碳酸钾(158mg,1.15mmol)、10%钯碳(50%wet,200mg)、甲醇(20ml)的混合物在氢气氛围下室温下搅拌20小时。用硅藻土过滤反应液中的不溶物,浓缩滤液。将得到的残渣用甲醇-水重结晶,得到无色粉末状的标题化合物(177mg,79%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,MeOH-d4):δ1.19(t,J=7.3Hz,3H),2.58(q,J=7.3Hz,2H),2.88-2.95(m,1H),3.29-3.31(m,1H),3.55-3.60(m,1H),3.74-3.83(m,2H),3.90-3.93(m,1H),3.97-3.99(m,2H),5.17(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),6.91(dt,J=1.2,7.4Hz,1H),7.10-7.19(m,6H),7.27(d,J=7.9Hz,1H).
ESI m/z=389(M-H).
mp 156.5-157.5℃.
实施例25(化合物13)
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)-4’-(羟甲基)苯基 5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
在氢化铝锂(90mg,2.37mmol)以及四氢呋喃(5ml)的混合物中,冰冷却下加入2’-(4’-乙基苄基)-4’-(甲氧基羰基)苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(293mg,0.475mmol)的四氢呋喃(10ml)溶液,室温下搅拌2小时。在反应液中加入少量的乙酸乙酯和水,短时间搅拌后,用氯仿萃取,无水硫酸镁干燥。减压下蒸馏除去溶剂,将得到的残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(氯仿∶甲醇=9∶1)纯化,得到无色粉末状的标题化合物(55mg,28%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ1.19(t,J=7.6Hz,3H),2.57(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),2.87-2.95(m,1H),3.28-3.33(m,1H),3.57(dd,J=8.9 and 10.3Hz,1H),3.73-3.83(m,2H),3.88-4.03(m,3H),4.47(s,2H),5.17(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.04-7.19(m,6H),7.25(d,J=8.4Hz,1H).
ESI m/z=443(M+Na).
mp 202.5-205.0℃.
实施例26(化合物21)
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)-5’-羟基苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
将2’-(4’-乙基苄基)-5’-(甲氧基甲基氧)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(115mg,0.255mmol)和对甲苯磺酸一水合物(15mg,0.09mmol)的混合物在室温下搅拌23小时。再于50℃下搅拌1小时后,加入对甲苯磺酸一水合物(23mg,0.13mmol),再于50℃下搅拌5小时。在反应液中加入三乙胺(0.5ml),减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将得到的残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(氯仿∶甲醇=20∶1-9∶1)纯化,得到无色粉末状的标题化合物(85mg,82%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ1.19(t,J=7.6Hz,3H),2.57(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),2.85-2.94(m,1H),3.24-3.33(m,1H),3.56(dd,J=9.0 and 10.3Hz,1H),3.73-3.90(m,4H),3. 92(dd,J=3.7 and 7.8Hz,1H),5.08(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),6.37(dd,J=2.3 and 8.2Hz,1H),6.76(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),6.83(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.00-7.10(m,4H).
ESI m/z=429(M+Na).
mp 172.0-173.5℃.
实施例27(化合物23)
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)苯基6-O-甲氧基羰基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
-40℃下在2’-(4’-乙基苄基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(500mg,1.33mmol)和2,4,6-三甲基吡啶(5ml)的混合物中加入氯甲酸甲酯(151mg,1.6mmol)的二氯甲烷(0.5ml)溶液后,用1小时将温度升至-10℃,然后在室温下搅拌2.5小时。将反应液注入冰冷却的10%盐酸水溶液中,用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液和饱和食盐水洗涤后,用无水硫酸镁干燥。减压下蒸馏除去溶剂,将得到的残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(氯仿∶甲醇=30∶1-20∶1-10∶1)纯化,得到无色粉末状的标题化合物(340mg,59%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ1.19(t,J=7.6Hz,3H),2.58(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),3.04-3.14(m,1H),3.26-3.34(m,1H),3.57(dd,J=9.2 and 10.3Hz,1H),3.74(s,3H),3.76-3.85(m,1H),3.92(d,J=14.0Hz,1H),3.99(d,J=14.0Hz,1H),4.35(dd,J=6.2 and 11.3Hz,1H),4.48(dd,J=3.3 and 11.3Hz,1H),5.19(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),6.88-6.95(m,1H),7.02-7.28(m,7H).
ESI m/z=471(M+Na).
mp 102.0-104.5℃.
实施例28(化合物39)
2’-(4’-乙基苄基)-5’-(羟甲基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
将5’-乙酰基氧基甲基-2’-(4’-乙基苄基)苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(660mg,1.05mmol)和甲醇∶三乙胺∶水(5∶1∶1;6ml)的混合物在室温下搅拌12小时。浓缩反应液,将得到的残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(氯仿∶甲醇=8∶1)纯化,得到无色粉末状的标题化合物(120mg,27%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ1.19(t,J=7.6Hz,3H),2.57(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),2.92(ddd,J=3.6,6.2,10.2Hz,1H),3.57(dd,J=9.0,10.2Hz,1H),3.76(dd,J=6.2,11.3Hz,1H),3.81(t,J=8.9Hz,1H),3.90-4.01(m,3H),4.57(s,2H),5.19(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),6.91(m,1H),7.01(m,1H),7.06(m,JAB=8.3Hz,2H),7.10(m,JAB=8.3Hz,2H),7.29(s,1H).
ESI m/z=443(M+Na).
mp 206.0-211.0℃.
实施例29(化合物22)
2’-[3’-(苯并呋喃-5’-基)-1’-氧代丙基]-3’-羟基-5’-甲基苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的制备
在2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-D-吡喃葡糖(200mg,0.55mmol)、2-乙酰基-5-甲基间苯二酚(182mg,1.10mmol)、三苯基膦(288mg,1.10mmol)以及甲苯(2ml)的混合物中,冰冷却下缓慢滴加二异丙基偶氮二羧酸酯(40%甲苯溶液,555mg)。室温下搅拌18小时后,浓缩反应液,将得到的残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=70∶30-50∶50)纯化,得到淡黄色粉末状的2-乙酰基-3-羟基-5-甲基苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(82mg,28%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ2.00(s,3H),2.03(s,3H),2.05(s,3H),2.07(s,3H),2.34(s,3H),2.61(s,3H),3.30-3.38(m,1H),3.86(s,3H),4.15(dd,J=3.4 and 12.0Hz,1H),4.35(dd,J=5.0 and 12.0Hz,1H),5.20(dd,J=9.1 and 9.4Hz,1H),5.39(dd,J=9.4 and 9.6Hz,1H),5.52(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),5.63(dd,J=8.9 and 9.1Hz,1H),6.42(s,1H),6.50(s,1H),13.14(s,1H).
ESI m/z=535(M+Na).
mp 162.5-164.5℃.
然后,在2’-乙酰基-3’-羟基-5’-甲基苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(400mg,0.76mmol)以及乙醇(4ml)的混合物中,室温下加入50%氢氧化钾水溶液(450μl)。室温下搅拌5分钟后,室温下加入5-甲酰基苯并呋喃(125mg,0.86mmol)。室温下再搅拌22小时后,加入4-(N,N-二甲基氨基)吡啶(93mg,0.76mmol)以及10%铂碳(100mg),在氢气氛围下室温下搅拌17.5小时。过滤不溶物后,用10%盐酸中和,过滤生成的不溶物。用乙酸乙酯萃取滤液,无水硫酸镁干燥。减压下蒸馏除去溶剂,将得到的残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(氯仿∶甲醇=10∶1)纯化,得到淡黄色粉末的2-[3-(苯并呋喃-5-基)-1-氧代-2-丙烯基]-3-羟基-5-甲基苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(116mg,33%)。
mp 170.5-177.5℃
在上述得到的2’-[3’-(苯并呋喃-5’-基)-1’-氧代-2-丙烯基]-3’-羟基-5’-甲基苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(105mg,0.23mmol)以及甲醇(5ml)的混合物中加入10%铂碳(100mg),在氢气氛围下室温下搅拌19小时。过滤不溶物,减压下蒸馏除去溶剂,将得到的残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(氯仿∶甲醇=20∶1-9∶1)纯化,得到标题化合物(47mg,43%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ2.27(s,3H),2.90-3.02(m,2H),3.08-3.18(m,1H),3.27-3.40(m,3H),3.52-3.60(m,2H),3.75-3.85(m,1H),4.06-4.13(m,1H),4.73(t,J=5.4Hz,1H),5.04(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),5.09(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),5.36(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),5.44(d,J=4.7Hz,1H),6.38(s,1H),6.71(s,1H),6.88(dd,J=0.9 and 2.2Hz,1H),7.21(dd,J=1.7 and8.4Hz,1H),7.47(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.52-7.56(m,1H),7.94(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),11.88(brs,1H).
ESI m/z=497(M+Na).
mp 171.0-175.0℃.
实施例30(化合物34)
2’-(对甲苯胺基)苯基5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷
在2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-D-吡喃葡糖(500mg,1.37mmol)、2-硝基苯酚(382mg,2.74mmol)、三苯基膦(477mg,2.74mmol)以及甲苯(2.5ml)的混合物中,冰冷却下缓慢滴加二异丙基偶氮二羧酸酯(40%甲苯溶液,1.62ml)。室温下搅拌5.5小时后,浓缩反应液,将得到的残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=70∶30)纯化,得到淡黄色粉末状的2’-硝基苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(445mg,67%)。
ESI m/z=508(M+Na)
mp 170.0-171.5℃
然后,将2’-硝基苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(445mg,0.917mmol)、甲醇(4ml)、10%钯碳(40mg)的混合物在氢气氛围下,室温下搅拌24小时。过滤不溶物,减压下蒸馏除去滤液,得到淡褐色非晶型的2’-氨基苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(281mg,82%)。
ESI m/z=478(M+Na)
然后,将2’-氨基苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(65mg,0.143mmol)、4-甲基苯基硼酸(19mg,0.143mmol)、Cu(OAc)2(26mg,0.143mmol)、分子筛4A(1g)、甲苯(1ml)的混合物搅拌3分钟后,加入三乙胺(78μl,0.715mmol)以及吡啶(56μl,0.715mmol),室温下搅拌21小时。过滤不溶物后,减压下蒸馏除去滤液,将得到的残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=2∶1)纯化,得到2’-(对-甲苯胺基)苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(67mg,86%)。
ESI m/z=568(M+Na)
mp 112.0-115.0℃
然后,在2’-(对-甲苯胺基)苯基2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(67mg,0.123mmol)、甲醇(1.0ml)的混合物中,加入1M NaOMe(12μl,0.012mmol),在室温下搅拌3小时。加入干冰中和后,浓缩反应液,将得到的残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(氯仿∶甲醇=10∶1)纯化,得到标题化合物(24mg,53%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ2.27(s,3H),2.89(m,1H),3.27(t,J=9.0Hz,1H),3.57(t,J=9.0,10.2Hz,1H),3.80(m,1H),3.84(t,J=9.0Hz,1H),3.93(m,1H),4.96(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),6.74(m,1H),6.90(m,1H),7.05(m,4H),7.17(m,1H),7.24(m,1H).
ESI m/z=400(M+Na).
mp 152.0-153.0℃.
用相应的原料和反应物按照上述实施例同样操作,可以得到下表中所示的本发明化合物。由上述实施例得到的本发明化合物如表1所示。
试验例
将按照文献(Aanal.Biochem.,第201卷,301页,1984年)中记载的方法调制的大鼠肾刷缘膜胞(brush border membranevehicle:BBMV)悬浊液(蛋白浓度4mg/ml)50μl在37℃下预培养2分钟后,在其中加入由溶解在DMSO中的被检化合物(DMSO终浓度1%)和100mM甘露糖醇、100mM NaSCN或KSCN、10mM HEPES/Tris pH7.4、D-葡萄糖(终浓度0.1mM)、D-[6-3H]葡萄糖(Amersham)1μCi混和的反应液150μl。37℃下反应5秒钟后,在反应混合物中加入1ml冰冷却的反应停止液(150mM NaCl、10mM HEPES/Tris pH 7.4、0.3mM根皮苷)后,立即用pore size0.45μm的膜过滤器(HAW02500、Millipore)快速过滤,分离BBMV。然后将膜过滤器用冰冷却的反应停止液4.5ml洗涤3次,充分干燥后用液体闪烁计数器(Beckman)测定放射活性,对膜过滤器上的BBMV中摄入的葡萄糖量进行定量。
将未添加化合物时葡萄糖摄入量作为100%,算出添加化合物时的葡萄糖摄入量被抑制50%的化合物浓度(IC50值)。
其结果如表2所示。
表2
化合物 | IC50(μM) |
化合物1 | 0.20 |
化合物2 | 0.39 |
化合物3 | 0.38 |
化合物4 | 0.56 |
化合物5 | 0.48 |
化合物6 | 0.62 |
化合物7 | 0.35 |
化合物8 | 0.38 |
化合物9 | 0.16 |
化合物10 | 2.40 |
产业上的应用
本发明可以提供对SGLT2的活性具有优良的抑制作用的5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制制药学上允许的盐。本发明化合物是有用的预防或治疗糖尿病、与糖尿病有关的疾病或糖尿病并发症的药物。
Claims (18)
1、下式表示的5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物,
式中,Y表示-O-或-NH-;
R1、R2、R3以及R4相同或不同,表示氢原子、C2-10酰基、C7-10芳烷基、C2-6烷氧羰基、C1-6烷氧基C2-10酰基或C1-6烷氧基C2-6烷氧羰基;
Ar表示被-X-A1取代的芳基,该芳基可以进一步被相同或不同的1-4个取代基取代,
这些取代基为卤素原子、羟基、可以被1-4个从卤素原子和羟基组成的组中选择的取代基所取代的C1-6烷基、
-(CH2)m-Q
{式中,m表示0-4的整数;Q表示甲酰基、氨基、硝基、氰基、羧基、磺酸基、可以被1-4个卤素原子取代的C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷氧基、C2-10酰氧基、C2-10酰基、C2-6烷氧羰基、C1-6烷硫基、C1-6烷基亚磺酰基、C1-6烷基磺酰基、-NHC(=O)H、C2-10酰基氨基、C1 -6烷基磺酰基氨基、C1-6烷基氨基、N,N-二(C1-6烷基)氨基、氨基甲酰基、N-(C1-6烷基)氨基羰基、或N,N-二(C1-6烷基)氨基羰基}、
或可以被1-4个取代基取代的C3-7环烷基、C3-7环烷基氧基、芳基、C7-10芳烷基、芳氧基、C7-10芳烷基氧基、C7-10芳烷基氨基、杂芳基或4-6员杂环烷基(此处的取代基从卤素原子、羟基、C1-6烷基以及C1-6烷氧基组成的组中选择);
X表示-(CH2)n、-CO(CH2)n-、-C(OH)(CH2)n-、-O-(CH2)n-、-CONH(CH2)n-、-NHCO(CH2)n-(n表示0-3的整数)、-COCH=CH-、-S-或-NH-;
A1表示可以被相同或不同的1-4个取代基取代的芳基、杂芳基或4-6员杂环烷基,其取代基为卤素原子、羟基、可以被1-4个从卤素原子和羟基组成的组中选择的取代基所取代的C1-6烷基、
-(CH2)m’-Q’
{式中,m’表示0-4的整数;Q’表示甲酰基、氨基、硝基、氰基、羧基、磺酸基、可以被1-4个从卤素原子和羟基组成的组中选择的取代基取代的C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷氧基、C2-10酰氧基、C2- 10酰基、C2-6烷氧羰基、C1-6烷硫基、C1-6烷基亚磺酰基、C1-6烷基磺酰基、-NHC(=O)H、C2-10酰基氨基、C1-6烷基磺酰基氨基、C1-6烷基氨基、N,N-二(C1-6烷基)氨基、氨基甲酰基、N-(C1-6烷基)氨基羰基、或N,N-二(C1-6烷基)氨基羰基}、以及可以被1-4个取代基取代的C3-7环烷基、C3-7环烷基氧基、芳基、C7-10芳烷基、芳氧基、C7-10芳烷基氧基、C7-10芳烷基氨基、杂芳基或4-6员杂环烷基,此处的取代基选自卤素原子、羟基、C1-6烷基以及C1-6烷氧基组成的组。
2、下式表示的5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物。
式中,Y表示-O-或-NH-;
R1、R2、R3以及R4相同或不同,表示氢原子、C2-10酰基、C7-10芳烷基、C2-6烷氧羰基、C1-6烷氧基C2-10酰基或C1-6烷氧基C2-6烷氧羰基;
R5、R6、R7、R8以及R9中的至少一个表示-X-A1,X以及A1的定义与权利要求1中相同;其它的相同或不同,表示氢原子、卤素原子、羟基、可以被1-4个从卤素原子和羟基组成的组中选择的取代基所取代的C1-6烷基、
-(CH2)m-Q
m和Q的定义与权利要求1中相同,
或可以被1-4个取代基取代的C3-7环烷基、C3-7环烷基氧基、芳基、C7-10芳烷基、芳氧基、C7-10芳烷基氧基、C7-10芳烷基氨基、杂芳基或4-6员杂环烷基,此处的取代基选自卤素原子、羟基、C1-6烷基以及C1-6烷氧基组成的组。
3、权利要求2记载的5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物,其中Y表示-O-。
4、权利要求2或3记载的5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物,其中R5表示-X-A1。
5、权利要求4记载的5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物,其中X表示-(CH2)n-,n表示0-3的整数。
6、权利要求4记载的5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物,其中X表示-CO(CH2)n-,n表示0-3的整数。
7、下式表示的5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物,
式中,X表示-(CH2)n、-CO(CH2)n-、-C(OH)(CH2)n-、-O-(CH2)n-、-CONH(CH2)n-、-NHCO(CH2)n-(n表示0-3的整数)、-COCH=CH-、-S-或-NH-;
R1、R2、R3以及R4相同或不同,表示氢原子、C2-10酰基、C7-10芳烷基、C2-6烷氧羰基、C1-6烷氧基C2-10酰基或C1-6烷氧基C2-6烷氧羰基;
R6、R7、R8以及R9相同或不同,表示氢原子、卤素原子、羟基、可以被1-4个从卤素原子和羟基组成的组中选择的取代基所取代的C1-6烷基、
-(CH2)m-Q
{式中,m表示0-4的整数;Q表示甲酰基、氨基、硝基、氰基、羧基、磺酸基、可以被1-4个卤素原子取代的C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷氧基、C2-10酰氧基、C2-10酰基、C2-6烷氧羰基、C1-6烷硫基、C1-6烷基亚磺酰基、C1-6烷基磺酰基、-NHC(=O)H、C2-10酰基氨基、C1 -6烷基磺酰基氨基、C1-6烷基氨基、N,N-二(C1-6烷基)氨基、氨基甲酰基、N-(C1-6烷基)氨基羰基、或N,N-二(C1-6烷基)氨基羰基}、或可以被1-4个取代基取代的C3-7环烷基、C3-7环烷基氧基、芳基、C7-10芳烷基、芳氧基、C7-10芳烷基氧基、C7-10芳烷基氨基、杂芳基或4-6员杂环烷基,此处的取代基选自卤素原子、羟基、C1-6烷基以及C1-6烷氧基组成的组;
R10、R11、R12、R13以及R14相同或不同,表示氢原子、卤素原子、羟基、可以被1-4个从卤素原子和羟基组成的组中选择的取代基所取代的C1-6烷基、
-(CH2)m’-Q’
{式中,m’表示0-4的整数;Q’表示甲酰基、氨基、硝基、氰基、羧基、磺酸基、可以被1-4个卤素原子取代的C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷氧基、C2-10酰氧基、C2-10酰基、C2-6烷氧羰基、C1-6烷硫基、C1-6烷基亚磺酰基、C1-6烷基磺酰基、-NHC(=O)H、C2-10酰基氨基、C1 -6烷基磺酰基氨基、C1-6烷基氨基、N,N-二(C1-6烷基)氨基、氨基甲酰基、N-(C1-6烷基)氨基羰基、或N,N-二(C1-6烷基)氨基羰基}、或可以被1-4个取代基取代的C3-7环烷基、C3-7环烷基氧基、芳基、C7-10芳烷基、芳氧基、C7-10芳烷基氧基、C7-10芳烷基氨基、杂芳基或4-6员杂环烷基,此处的取代基选自卤素原子、羟基、C1-6烷基以及C1-6烷氧基组成的组。
8、权利要求7记载的5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物,其中X表示-CH2-。
9、权利要求7记载的5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物,其中X表示-O-或-NH-。
11、下式表示的5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制药学上允许的盐,
式中,RD表示氢原子、卤素原子、C1-6烷基或羟基C1-4烷基;RE表示氢原子、卤素原子、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基或羟基C1-4烷基。
12、下式表示的5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物,
式中,R1、R2、R3以及R4相同或不同,表示氢原子、C2-10酰基、C7 -10芳烷基、C2-6烷氧羰基、C1-6烷氧基C2-10酰基或C1-6烷氧基C2-6烷氧羰基;
R6B表示氢原子、卤素原子、羟基、C2-10酰氧基、或可以被1-4个卤素原子取代的C1-6烷基或C1-6烷氧基;R8B表示氢原子、卤素原子或可以被1-4个卤素原子取代的C1-6烷基。
13、一种药物,含有权利要求1-12任一项记载的5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物作为有效成分。
14、权利要求13记载的药物,是钠依赖性葡萄糖转运蛋白2的活性抑制剂。
15、权利要求14记载的药物,是糖尿病、与糖尿病有关的疾病或糖尿病并发症的治疗药。
16、一种药物,由权利要求1-12任一项中记载的5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物与选自下组物质中的至少一种药物组合而成,这些物质包括由PPARγ激动剂、PPARα/γ激动剂、PPARδ激动剂以及PPARα/γ/δ激动剂组成的组中选择的胰岛素敏感性增强剂、糖苷酶抑制剂、双胍剂、胰岛素分泌促进剂、胰岛素制剂以及二肽基肽酶IV抑制剂。
17、一种药物,由权利要求1-12任一项中记载的5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物与选自下组物质中的至少一种药物组合而成,这些物质包括羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶抑制剂、氯贝特类化合物、角鲨烯合成酶抑制剂、脂酰辅酶A:胆甾醇酰基转移酶抑制剂、低密度脂蛋白受体促进剂、微粒体甘油三酯转运蛋白抑制剂以及食欲抑制剂。
18、下式表示的5-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷化合物或其制药学上允许的盐或它们的水合物,
式中,R21、R22、R23以及R24相同或不同,表示氢原子、C2-10酰基;R25表示氨基、C2-6烷酰基、羧基、甲酰基、卤素原子、C2-6烷氧羰基或羟基;R26和R27相同或不同,表示氢原子、卤素原子、羟基、可以被1-4个从卤素原子和羟基组成的组中选择的取代基所取代的C1-6烷基、或可以被1-4个卤素原子取代的C1-6烷氧基。
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CN101479254B (zh) * | 2006-06-29 | 2012-05-30 | 大正制药株式会社 | C-苯基1-硫代山梨醇化合物 |
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