CN1608837A - 纤维层状制品和制造该纤维层状制品的方法 - Google Patents

纤维层状制品和制造该纤维层状制品的方法 Download PDF

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CN1608837A
CN1608837A CNA2004100841713A CN200410084171A CN1608837A CN 1608837 A CN1608837 A CN 1608837A CN A2004100841713 A CNA2004100841713 A CN A2004100841713A CN 200410084171 A CN200410084171 A CN 200410084171A CN 1608837 A CN1608837 A CN 1608837A
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塞巴斯蒂安·索默
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    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
    • D04H3/11—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by fluid jet
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
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    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
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    • D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
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Abstract

一种纤维层状制品，包括：至少一个预固结的由长丝制成的纺粘网(3，5)；至少一个由亲水性纤维制成的纤维层(4)；其中，该纤维层状制品被水刺固结，并且在经过水刺固结后的纤维层状制品(2)的表面上进行压花变形。

Description

纤维层状制品和制造该纤维层状制品的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纤维层状制品，该纤维层状制品包括至少一个由长丝制成的纺粘纤网和至少一个由亲水纤维制成的纤维层。本发明还涉及用于制造这种纤维层状制品的方法。根据本发明的纤维层状制品尤其被用作吸收性清洁布或抹布。
背景技术
在现实生活中，已经公知了可被用作清洁用布的各种纤维层状制品。相应的生产方法也已经公知。一般而言，两个压延纺粘纤网最先被生产出来。然后，一个亲水性纤维制成的纤维层(优选纤维素纤维层)被夹在所述两个纺粘纤网之间。然后，由上述三层构成的层状产品经受水刺固结。在纺粘纤网的压延过程中形成的纺粘纤网各长丝之间的结合点(压延点)再水刺固结过程中通常不能再被变松或打开。就此而言，就获得了纤维层状制品相对比较封闭的表面。这种封闭的表面具有这样的优点，即，其对磨损不敏感。这种已知的纤维层状制品还具有对液体足够的吸收能力。然而，诸如家居灰尘等的固体仅仅能效果很差地进入到纤维层状制品的光滑封闭表面中。当纤维层状制品被用作清洁用布时，该固体污物被推在清洁用布的前面，几乎没有多少固体污物被纤维层状制品的表面拿起。
已经进行了很多尝试来在水刺固结过程中将纤维层状制品的表面开放(open up)。为此目的，例如，在一个具有一定轮廓的支撑件上进行水刺固结。然而，在这个处理过程中，不能满意地获得纺粘纤网表面的开放。另外，由于水射流的穿刺作用，亲水性纤维以不合需要的方式从纤维层状制品中被去除。在这方面，公知的纤维层状制品能够获得改进。
发明内容
本发明正是基于上述技术问题，提供一种文章开始类型的纤维层状制品，其具有增强的吸收性能，不论是固体污物还是液体污物。
为了解决这个技术问题，本发明教导了一种纤维层状制品，尤其是吸收性清洁用布，包括：至少一个预固结的由长丝制成的纺粘网；至少一个由亲水性纤维制成的纤维层；其中，该纤维层状制品被水刺固结，并且在经过水刺固结后的纤维层状制品的表面上进行压花变形。所述的压花变形非常适合用在纤维层状制品表面上的塑性变形，从而就象永久变形一样。
在本发明范围内，术语“纤维层状制品”的含义是多层产品或层状结构，其包括至少一个由亲水性纤维制成的纤维层和至少一个长丝层。术语“长丝”含义为连续的纤维，即，理论上无限长的线，由它们形成纺粘网。在本发明的范围内，长丝尤其指热塑性塑料制成的长丝。
纺粘网的长丝优选包括聚烯烃或者聚酯。根据一个实施例，纺粘网的长丝包括选自下述组中的至少一种塑料：“聚乙烯，聚丙烯，聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯”。由不同塑料制成的长丝混合物也是可以使用的。根据本发明的一个实施例，纺粘网包括多组分纤维或双组分纤维。在本发明范围内，预固结的纺粘网包括一预固结和预变形的纺粘网。
亲水性纤维包括吸水性纤维。由天然或加工过的纤维素纤维，诸如木浆纤维，可被用作亲水性纤维。由亲水性纤维制成的纤维层形成本发明纤维层状制品的吸收层。根据本发明的一个实施例，采用至少一个梳理机和/或至少一个气流成网装置将亲水性纤维被施加到预固结的纺粘网上。
根据本发明的压花变形被施加到纤维层状制品的至少一个纺粘网或相关的纺粘网表面上。根据一个优选实施例，压花变形连续到由亲水性纤维制成的纤维层中。根据一个具体实施例，压花变形从一个(上面)的纺粘网层延伸穿过亲水性纤维制成的纤维层进入到第二(下面)纺粘网层。纤维层状制品更合适地是在一个表面上具有凹部，而在另外一个表面上具有凸起，这样形成压花变形。根据一个实施例，多个点状压花花纹形成在纤维层状制品的表面上。在这种情况下，可以包括规则的或者不规则排列的点状压花变形。根据另外一个实施例，线性压花变形形成在纤维层状制品的表面上。这些线状变形还可以规则或者不规则地排列。根据本发明的一个实施例，可以在纤维层状制品表面上既形成有点状压花花纹又形成有线状压花花纹。如上所述，压花变形包括位于纤维层状制品表面或者纺粘网表面上的凸起和/或凹部。这种凸起或者凹部具有侧轮廓以及平台，该平台具有相应的平台表面。在本发明的范围内，可以形成多种压花变形或者凹部和/或凸起，每种都具有相对较小的平台表面。
压花变形的压花深度(或压花高度)更适合是0.1到5毫米，优选为0.3到4毫米，优选0.4到3.5毫米，更优选0.5到3毫米。因此，压花深度或者压花高度的含义是压花变形从纺粘网表面到平台的距离。根据本发明的一个实施例，压花深度或高度在纺粘网的整个表面上是恒定的或大体上恒定的。根据本发明的另外一个实施例，在纺粘网的整个表面上分布有不同压花深度或压花高度的压花变形。
在本发明的范围内，由亲水性纤维制成的纤维层布置在两个纺粘网或者纺粘网层之间。因此，第二纺粘网或第二预固结的纺粘网更加适合于施加到已经施加到第一预固结纺粘网上的亲水性纤维层上。根据本发明一个实施例，压花变形仅仅在一个纺粘网的表面上形成。根据本发明的优选实施例，压花变形在两个纺粘网的表面上都形成。
本发明的主题还包括一种用于制造纤维层状制品的方法，所述纤维层状制品尤其是吸收性清洁布，其中，对至少一个由长丝制成的纺粘网进行预固结；将至少一个由亲水性纤维制成的纤维层施加到预固结后的纺粘网上；将由纺粘网和纤维层构成的纤维层状制品进行水刺固结；在经过水刺固结后的纤维层状制品的表面上进行压花变形。
在本发明的范围内，将一个第二预固结后的纺粘网施加到由亲水性纤维制成的纤维层上，由此获得的纤维层状制品被水刺固结。因此，由亲水性纤维制成的纤维层更加适合位于两个纺粘网或者纺粘网层之间。
根据本发明一个优选实施例，所述至少一个纺粘网的预固结用一个轧压机，尤其是热轧压机进行。
在本发明的范围内，由纺粘网构成的或者由纺粘网以及纤维层构成的纤维层状制品通过水射流处理而被水刺固结。在水射流固结或水射流针刺过程中，很细而快的水射流或高压水射流将纤维层状产品或纺粘网固结。
在本发明的范围内，纤维层状制品在水刺固结之后被烘干。这种烘干发生在至少一个烘干机中，例如转笼烘干机。根据本发明的一个实施例，压花变形发生在水刺固结之后而位于烘干之前形成在纤维层状制品的表面上。换句话，压花变形发生在还湿着的纤维层状制品上。根据本发明的另外一个实施例，压花变形可以发生在烘干时或在烘干机中进行。因此，例如，压花变形可以发生在两个烘干滚筒之间在纤维层状制品处于半烘干状态进行。根据本发明的另外一个实施例，压花变形是在纤维层状制品烘干后或者在烘干机之后进行。
然而，从根本上说，将压花变形在一个独立的步骤中形成纤维层状制品中，就如离线操作，这在本发明的保护范围之内。这样，压花变形的操作不作为纤维层状制品或清洁用布连续的生产过程的一部分发生。这种离线的操作能够生产小批量的纤维层状制品，而否则需要打断纤维层状制品的连续生产。在离线进行压花变形之前，优选进行纤维层状制品的润湿。
根据压花变形的操作时间(即，在烘干之前，之中或之后，或离线)，操作的温度、纤维层状制品的湿度或残留湿度是不同的。因此，在纤维或长丝之间的摩擦值是变化的。依然在本发明范围内的是，本发明的方法或压花变形的形成以纤维层状制品的表面或者纺粘网表面发生塑性变形为条件。压花变形应当在纤维层状制品作为一种润湿的清洁布使用后仍然保持。
在本发明范围内的是，可以将粘接剂如胶乳加入到纤维层状制品中或纺粘网中，和/或由低熔点热塑性塑料制成的粘结纤维比如聚乙烯可以加入。依然处于本发明范围内的是在压花变形已经产生之后，发生粘接剂和/或粘结纤维的激活或热激活以便将在压花变形过程中获得的结构稳定化。如果激活需要加热到高温，例如，加热到100摄氏度或更高，那么压花变形优选在烘干之前或之中进行。通过这种方式，能够避免将纤维层状制品加热两次或更多次。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，纤维层状制品的压花变形发生在烘干过程中，更合适地发生在烘干机中，并在纤维层状制品的半烘干状态进行。在该实施例中，烘干过程的加热被用来对纤维层状制品进行预加热，结果，能够实现各纤维网层的有效变形。如果在压花变形过程中，还湿着的亲水性纤维同时变形，则可以减小破裂发生的危险。在后来的亲水性纤维的最终烘干过程中，清洁用布的压花结构就象被冷冻上去一样。
依然在本发明范围内的是，压花变形采用一压花装置进行，该压花装置带有至少一个花纹压花表面。压花变形优选用硬的花纹压花表面作用在纤维层状制品的一面上，用一柔软的压花表面布置在纤维层状制品的另外一面。硬的花纹压花表面结合到纤维层状制品中并被压入到柔软一些的压花表面中。然后，纤维层状制品的一面具有凹部，而纤维层状制品的另外一面具有凸起。
根据本发明的一个实施例，压化变形形成在纤维层状制品发生在两个辊之间，至少两个辊之一具有花纹表面。花纹表面或花纹压花表面在本发明范围内的含义尤其是这样一个表面，即，压花元件从所述表面上凸出，其优选构造成球头和/或交叉件。因此，压花变形更适合利用至少一个带有作用于纤维层状制品上的花纹压花表面制成。带有花纹压花表面的辊优选为一钢辊。根据一个优选实施例，纤维层状制品在两个辊之间引导，第一辊为一个钢辊，其带有一花纹压花表面，第二辊为一个带有较软表面的辊，该较软表面优选为橡胶表面。然后钢辊的花纹压花表面被压入到第二辊的橡胶表面。
根据另外一个实施例，纤维层状制品在两个由金属制成的辊优选两个钢辊之间引导。在这种情形，两个辊优选构造成压花元件或压花凸起接合或沉入到另外一个辊的对应压花凹部中。更加合适地，两个辊中的每个都具有压花凸起和压花凹部。分配给其中一个辊的压花凸起互补配合于另外一个辊的压花凹部。然后由该压花装置生产的纤维层状制品就在每一面上都具有凸起和凹部。
附图说明
在下文中将参照附图对本发明进行详细解释，其中附图仅仅示出了一个典型的实施例。这个唯一的附图示出了用来实施根据本发明方法的装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
在一输送带1上，例如，一种分配通气带(distributing drain belt)，纤维层状制品2在箭头所示的方向输送。纤维层状制品2包括：第一纺粘网3，其直接铺设在分配通气带1上；由亲水纤维制成的纤维层4布置在第一纺粘网3上；以及第二纺粘网5布置在纤维层4上。根据本发明的一个实施例，纤维层状制品2可以在线生产，其中，第一纺粘网3的长丝首先被铺设在分配通气带上，然后，然后施加纤维层4，之后，将第二纺粘网5放置在纤维层4上。然而，根据本发明的一个优选实施例，也可以离线操作。纤维层状制品5由先前已经制造并预固结的纺粘网3，5形成，为此，纺粘网3，5与纤维层4结合。
然后，所获得的纤维层状制品2在固结工位7进行水刺固结。之后，固结后的纤维层状制品2被烘干，为此，首先被喂入第一烘干位置8，其可以例如包括一转笼烘燥机。然后，纤维层状制品2在还没有彻底烘干状态或者说半湿状态下进入到压化装置9中进行压花变形。压花装置9可以包括一个花纹钢辊，该花纹钢辊与一个相对的橡胶辊接触。以这种方式，纤维层状制品2在两个辊之间引导。在压花变形之后，纤维层状制品2被喂入到第二烘干位置10，其例如也包括一转笼烘燥机。在这里，纤维层状制品2被适当地最终烘干。
根据本发明的纤维层状制品具有预料不到的吸收固体的能力。固体污物微粒，例如，灰尘颗粒能容易地被本发明用作清洁布的纤维层状制品吸起。还应当进一步强调的是根据本发明的纤维层状制品能够用根据本发明的方法简单而低成本地制造。此外，通过在纤维层状制品上引入压花变形，可以获得清洁布美观的外观。为此目的，压花变形可以变化，并以多变的方式结合。从而，可以获得外观上非常漂亮的产品。

Claims (13)

1.一种纤维层状制品，尤其是，吸收性清洁布，包括：至少一个预固结的由长丝制成的纺粘网(3，5)；至少一个由亲水性纤维制成的纤维层(4)；其中，该纤维层状制品被水刺固结，并且在经过水刺固结后的纤维层状制品(2)的表面上进行压花变形。
2.如权利要求1所述的纤维层状制品，其特征在于，进行多个点压花变形。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的纤维层状制品，其特征在于，进行线状压花变形。
4.如权利要求1到3之一所述的纤维层状制品，其特征在于，压花变形的压花深度为0.1到5毫米，优选为0.5到3毫米。
5.如权利要求1到4之一所述的纤维层状制品，其特征在于，在施加到第一预固结纺粘网上的亲水纤维制成的纤维层上施加一第二预固结纺粘网。
6.一种用于制造纤维层状制品的方法，所述纤维层状制品尤其是吸收性清洁布，其中，对至少一个由长丝制成的纺粘网(3，5)进行预固结；将至少一个由亲水性纤维制成的纤维层(4)施加到预固结后的纺粘网(3，5)上；将由纺粘网(3，5)和纤维层(4)构成的纤维层状制品进行水刺固结；在经过水刺固结后的纤维层状制品(2)的表面上进行压花变形。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一个纺粘网(3，5)的预固结用一个轧压机，尤其是热轧压机进行。
8.如权利要求6或7所述的方法，其特征在于，将一个第二预固结后的纺粘网(3，5)施加到由亲水性纤维制成的纤维层(4)上，由此获得的纤维层状制品(2)被水刺固结。
9.如权利要求6到8之一所述的方法，其特征在于，由纺粘网(3，5)或者两个纺粘网(3，5)与纤维层(4)构成的纤维层状制品(2)通过水射流处理而被水刺固结。
10.如权利要求6到9之一所述的方法，其特征在于，纤维层状制品(2)在水刺固结之后被烘干。
11.如权利要求6到10之一所述的方法，其特征在于，压花变形是由一压花装置(9)形成的，该压花装置具有至少一个花纹压花表面。
12.如权利要求6到11之一所述的方法，其特征在于，压花变形是用一个有花纹的硬压花表面作用在纤维层状制品(2)的一个表面上而将另外一个压花表面布置在纤维层状制品(2)的另一个面。
13.如权利要求6到12之一所述的方法，其特征在于，压花变形利用至少一个带有花纹压花表面的辊形成，该花纹压花表面作用在所述纤维层状制品(2)上。
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