CN1599558A - 草本调味植物制品 - Google Patents
草本调味植物制品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1599558A CN1599558A CNA028243501A CN02824350A CN1599558A CN 1599558 A CN1599558 A CN 1599558A CN A028243501 A CNA028243501 A CN A028243501A CN 02824350 A CN02824350 A CN 02824350A CN 1599558 A CN1599558 A CN 1599558A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 title abstract 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
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- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
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- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 235000008216 herbs Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 106
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 50
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000019187 sodium-L-ascorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 244000246386 Mentha pulegium Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000016257 Mentha pulegium Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000004357 Mentha x piperita Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 240000007673 Origanum vulgare Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000004383 Origanum vulgare subsp. vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 240000009164 Petroselinum crispum Species 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010676 Ocimum basilicum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000007926 Ocimum gratissimum Species 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229940050906 magnesium chloride hexahydrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- DHRRIBDTHFBPNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dichloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] DHRRIBDTHFBPNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000009928 pasteurization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M sodium ascorbate Substances [Na+].OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000010378 sodium ascorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960005055 sodium ascorbate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M sodium-L-ascorbate Chemical compound [Na+].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M 0.000 description 2
- CYDQOEWLBCCFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-fluorophenyl)oxane-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1C1(C(=O)O)CCOCC1 CYDQOEWLBCCFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000002234 Allium sativum Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000016163 Allium sibiricum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001270 Allium sibiricum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000662 Anethum graveolens Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010591 Appio Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000153885 Appio Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000208308 Coriandrum Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001529742 Rosmarinus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000178231 Rosmarinus officinalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000143590 Salvia chinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007154 Salvia chinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005794 Salvia japonica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000007303 Thymus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002657 Thymus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FRYDSOYOHWGSMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].O Chemical class [C].O FRYDSOYOHWGSMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NNBFNNNWANBMTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M brilliant green Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O.C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C1C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C1 NNBFNNNWANBMTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- CEYULKASIQJZGP-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;2-(carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxybutanedioate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)O)CC([O-])=O CEYULKASIQJZGP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004611 garlic Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001540 sodium lactate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005581 sodium lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011088 sodium lactate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001585 thymus vulgaris Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/154—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/144—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
- A23B7/148—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere, e.g. partial vacuum, comprising only CO2, N2, O2 or H2O
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/157—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/10—Natural spices, flavouring agents or condiments; Extracts thereof
- A23L27/14—Dried spices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/015—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/03—Organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2200/00—Function of food ingredients
- A23V2200/06—Function of food ingredients pH modification agent
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Seasonings (AREA)
- Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
- Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
包含至少一种草本调味植物的耐贮存制品,含有至少一种将制品水活性调节至0.90或更少的成分,以及含有至少一种将制品的pH-值比加入水活性调节成分之后的草本调味植物的pH-值升高至少1.0的物质,其中制品还含有至少一种抗氧化剂和/或在隔绝氧气的条件下包装。
Description
本发明涉及包含至少一种草本调味植物的耐贮存制品和生产这种制品的方法。
草本调味植物以新鲜、冷冻或干燥的形式使用。具有最高感官质量的当然是新鲜草本调味植物。缺点是任何人仅通过观察切碎的调料,不能判断它是否真的保持新鲜。通过冷冻能延长新鲜的状态,因而产生贮存的可能性。冷冻的缺点是设备的耗费,以及与新鲜产品相比,冷冻产品的口味和外观被破坏。
干燥的草本植物也可以长时间贮存。然而,为达到这个目的,必须将水分降低至12%或更少。在除水(脱水)期间,作为在干燥过程中,尤其在最后的干燥阶段中水份蒸发的结果,和/或作为在贮存期间敏感的味觉物质氧化的结果,草本植物损失了香味。与干燥相关,调味香植物或局部常常变色,通常呈褐色。
已知的其它贮存草本植物的方法,如巴斯德杀菌法或灭菌法,试图保存新鲜草本植物的香味。然而,经过这些处理方法,草本植物的香味和外观也受到损害。
在酸性介质中保存草本植物也是已知的,然而这通常伴随着加速的颜色改变。
US 5,368,873描述了在干燥前用含有渗透剂的液体处理的干燥调料。渗透剂必须渗入调味植物组织中,而且干燥后能形成无定形固体。所述有渗透作用的试剂是糖浆和糖。
EP 0 087 717 A1提供了一种自由流动的调味植物干制品,包含无机酸和/或有机酸的碱金属和/或碱土金属盐、蛋白质和/或作为载体的氢化碳水化合物。它与载体混合后干燥,视情况在升高的温度下干燥。
US 4 572 836描述了pH-值<4.5的调料混合物,含约7.5%NaCl、抗氧剂和25至70重量%的食用油。新鲜调料与降低水活性的物质混合,并加工成酸化的糊状物。然而,实践表明这些处理方法的结果是绿色调料失去其相应的颜色。介质的酸性越强,褪色就越迅速。可以确定的是,这些颜色的改变几乎总是被认为是感觉的偏差的可见标准。
US 5 858 446描述了一种草本调味植物制品,其中经粉碎的草本调味植物与用于将水活性调节至0.90或更少的物质和抗氧化剂混合,其中草本调味植物制品在基本无氧的环境下贮存。
本发明的任务在于提供耐贮存草本调味植物的方法,这种方法能用于新鲜草本植物或水份至少为30重量%的部分含水的草本植物,目的是使草本调味植物制品进一步保持新鲜草本植物的味道,并且针对微生物的分解作用、针对自身酶的作用和针对氧化作用长时间保持稳定。在这种情况下,尤其应该放弃巴斯德杀菌法和冷藏法,因为这些方法可能升高产品的价格,并对顾客的购买行为产生消极的影响。
按照本发明,通过至少一种草本调味植物的耐贮存制品解决所述任务。该制品含至少一种将制品的水活性调节至0.90或更少的成分,以及至少一种将制品的PH-值与加入调节制品水活性的成分之后的草本调味植物PH-值相比,升高至少1.0的物质,制品还包括至少一种抗氧化剂和/或在隔绝氧气的条件下包装。
有利的是将制品的pH-值升高1.5至2.5,最优选升高约2点。
优选用占制品总量的至少约10重量%,优选20重量%或更多的食盐来达到调节水活性的目的。
在本发明的优选实施方式中,通过加入至少一种优选自无机酸或有机酸的碱金属和碱土金属盐,特别选自碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸镁和碳酸钙的物质,来调节PH-值。
在优选实施方式中,该制品以至少一种碱土金属盐,特别是一种钙和/或镁盐的附加含量为特征。
另外,本发明涉及生产至少一种草本调味植物的耐贮存制品的方法,其特征在于,将草本调味植物制成含水量至少30重量%;并且,在粉碎过程中或之后,将草本调味植物与防腐混合物混合,该防腐混合物包含至少一种其用量足以将制品的水活性调节至0.90或更少的水活性调节成分,和至少一种其用量足以将PH-值比添加水活性调节成分之后的草本调味植物的PH-值升高至少1.0的物质,其中将至少一种抗氧化剂加入防腐混合物或草本调味植物与防腐混合物的混合物中,和/或该制品在隔绝氧气的条件下被包装。
在制备过程中,为了调节制品的水活性,优选以足以调节食盐在制品中的比例的用量将食盐加入防腐混合物中,其用量占制品总量的至少约10重量%。
另外,这种方法的特征在于,选自无机酸或有机酸的碱金属和碱土金属盐,优选选自碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸镁和碳酸钙的至少一种物质加入防腐混合物用于升高pH-值。
优选额外地将至少一种碱土金属盐,特别优选钙和/或镁盐加入防腐混合物或草本调味植物与防腐混合物的混合物中。
在本发明方法的优选实施方式中,防腐混合物占制品总量的比例在约25和35重量%之间。
令人惊奇地发现,通过下列三个特征的结合:1.与相应的草本调味植物或相应的加入调节水活性的成份后的草本调味植物的混合物相比,pH-值至少升高1.0,由此该pH-值明显超过用于贮存草本调味植物的标准pH-值最多约4,且通常也明显超过草本调味植物的生理pH-值,为此优选借助于加入适当量的如碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸镁、碳酸钙等物质;2.将制品的水活性调节至0.90或更少,为此优选借助于加入适当量的食盐,和3.加入抗氧化剂和/或在隔绝氧气的条件下贮存,可以得到经历长时间仍保持新鲜味道和新鲜外观的草本调味植物制品。特别不能预见的是:根据本发明的高pH-值与低水活性结合,能足够地达到减少细菌的目的,同时很容易地几乎完全抑制常与pH-值升高有关的氧化反应。
本发明的制品在至少3个月内,保持草本植物刚收获时的鲜绿色特性,而在冰箱中,如3至5℃贮存时,18个月后仍能观察到没有改变的良好产品状态。
按照本发明的贮存方法的重要方面是制品的PH-值比加入水活性调节成分后的相应草本调味植物或草本调味植物混合物的PH-值升高至少1.0。最终耐贮存制品的绝对pH-值可以取决于所用草本调味植物或草本调味植物混合物的生理pH-值而变化。初始pH-值相对低的草本调味植物的耐贮存制品,如牛至的耐贮存制品的pH-值约6.5至7,而其它草本调味植物的初始状态就已经有很高的pH-值,如欧芹的最终的耐贮存制品的pH-值为8至9。为了达到本发明所需的效果,显然必须使pH-值变化基于相应的pH-值,尽管至今仍不能解释其原因。
为了调节pH-值,可以使用食品工业中常规的缓冲混合物,尤其是上述碳酸的碱金属和碱土金属盐。其它适合的候选物质是如磷酸、柠檬酸、乳酸和氨基酸的其它无机酸或有机酸的碱金属和碱土金属盐。但是,除此以外,碱性化合物,如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾或类似物也适合。
为了调节适当的pH-值,占制品总量的0.1至5重量%的用量通常就足够了。如下面的实施例所示,将pH-值升高1.5和2.5所需碳酸钠的用量为0.25至1.0重量%。
按照本发明的制品或贮存方法的第二个重要方面是:将水活性调节至0.90或更少,优选少于0.80。虽然,如上所述,这种方法是本身已知的现有技术,如U.S.5,858,446。所产生的积极效果基于这样一个事实:水活性低时,微生物的生长受到抑制。然而,与所述的pH-值变化相结合所产生的令人惊奇的增效作用却不是现有技术中已知的。
在上面提到的专利U.S.5,858,446中已经详细描述过的,尤其是已批准用于食品的盐,如氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化钙、柠檬酸钠或乳酸钠,能用于调节水活性。按照本发明,优选使用氯化钠,即食盐,其加入量使食盐在制品中的份额为至少10重量%,优选20重量%或更多。在以下的实施例中,食盐的用量为25重量%,由此使aw-值达到0.71-0.75。为了加速盐的溶解,优选使用微粉化的食盐(所谓的微粉盐)。
已经确定的是,加入调节水活性至所需水平的物质,通常表现为电解质,如食盐,其能明显降低草本调味植物的pH-值,即降低至酸性范围,正如下述实施例中的表格所示。按照本发明,制品的pH-值比通过加入相应物质(如碳酸钠),pH-值升高至少1.0,其通常也明显高过草本调味植物的生理pH-值。
作为本发明贮存方法的第三种成分,需要添加所谓的抗氧化剂,即食品技术中已知的用于抑制氧化反应的物质。在此特别合适的是如抗坏血酸钠。当然,这种物质在草本调味植物耐贮存组合物中的应用在现有技术,如U.S.5,858,446中是已知的。然而,令人惊奇的是以常规用量加入的这种常规抗氧化剂适于有效阻止pH-值升高所致的强烈氧化,正如所观察到的那样。
制品中抗氧化剂的用量为2至5重量%,优选如约4重量%的抗坏血酸钠。
作为使用抗氧化剂的替代,可以在隔绝氧气的条件下贮存产品。例如,可以真空包装,使用惰性气体,如氮气充气,或贮存在隔绝氧气的液体,如食用油中。
根据本发明贮存方法将草本调味植物或草本调味植物混合物以新鲜草本植物或部分含水湿度至少30重量%的形式来制备。如果脱水度太大,会严重损害其外观和感官特征。根据本发明的贮存方法特别适用于贮存新鲜草本调味植物。
在本发明的范围内“草本调味植物”可以理解为:在食物制品中使用的用于改变和/或精致食品味觉的植物或植物局部。这种草本调味植物,如罗勒、百里香、鼠尾草、块根芹、胡荽、莳萝、牛至、香花薄荷、迷迭香、欧芹、红辣椒、薄荷、胡椒薄荷、大蒜和细香葱。其也能以任意的混合物使用。
按照本发明的方法,将新鲜或部分含水的草本调味植物粉碎,并且在粉碎过程中或之后加入防腐混合物,该防腐混合物包含水活性调节物质和以相应的比例量用于升高pH-值的化合物。还优选已经将抗氧化剂加入防腐混合物,其也可以在草本调味植物和防腐混合物混合之后立即加入。为了优化贮存方法,最好采用整个方法,或至少其中在排除氧气的条件下的主要步骤。
本发明耐贮存制品中防腐混合物的比例为:总是占本发明制品总量的20至50重量%,优选25至35重量%和最优选30重量%。
也令人惊奇地发现,进一步添加镁盐或钙盐,能更好地贮存草本调味植物的新鲜绿色特征,甚至比按照本发明前述所得到的还要好。在本发明的优选实施方式中,在耐贮存制品中还额外加入0.5至1重量%的镁盐或钙盐,如碳酸钙或氯化镁六水合物。
本发明贮存方法的优点,或本发明的耐贮存的草本调味植物制品的有利特性由所附的表I至IV表明,其中经历四星期依照分为1至6级分值的色泽和香味评估四种不同草本调味植物制品。
至于香味,分值1对应于新鲜草本植物的香味。分值升高则香味降低,直至5分时,其香味不再是典型的新鲜草本植物,而且有一种明显不同的腐败气味。至于色泽,1分对应于刚加工的调料的颜色或甚至更浓。分值越高,变色越显著,因而产生与新鲜颜色的偏差。在5分时,颜色的偏差太明显,以致于不能再把它与新鲜草本调味植物相联系。
通常,香味在强度和形式上减弱。最初的评估考虑类型,或香味形式,也考虑到各调料的特征强度。另外,也应当考虑任何可能发生的味觉上的偏差。这也适用于对颜色的评估。除了最初草绿色的消失,随着时间的推移还出现其它颜色,如灰色、褐色和橄榄绿。也有用相应分值标记的中间阶段。
对比实施例1(V1)涉及没有采取任何耐贮存措施的新鲜草本植物。对比实施例2(V2)显示加入25重量%NaCl的新鲜植物的评分。对比实施例3(V3)显示加入25重量%NaCl和4重量%抗坏血酸钠的新鲜草本植物的评分。对比实施例4(V4)除了在隔绝氧气的条件下贮存,即真空贮存产品外,与对比实施例2相同。对比实施例5(V5)为同样真空贮存的对比实施例3。
实施例1显示含25重量%NaCl,4重量%抗坏血酸钠和碳酸钠的新鲜草本植物的评分。从成分上来说,实施例2与实施例1相似,然而实施例2含较高比例的碳酸钠。实施例3显示含25重量%NaCl和碳酸钠的真空包装的新鲜草本植物的评分,实施例4显示含25重量%NaCl,4重量%抗坏血酸钠和碳酸钠的同样真空包装的新鲜草本植物的评分。实施例5至7相应加入25重量%NaCl,4重量%抗坏血酸钠、碳酸钠、碳酸钙和/或氯化镁六水合物。
表I
V1 | V2 | V3 | V4 | V5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
欧芹 | 常规未加入任何物质 | 常规NaCl | 常规NaCl+NaAsc | 真空NaCl | 真空NaCl+NaAsc | 常规NaCl+NaAsc+Na2CO3(0.25%) | 常规NaCl+NaAsc+Na2CO3(0.6%) | 真空NaCl+Na2CO3(0.6%) | 真空NaCl+NaAsc+Na2CO3(0.6%) | 常规NaCl+NaAsc+Na2CO3(0.6%) | 常规NaCl+NaAsc+Na2CO3(0.6%)+MgCl2·6H2O(0.5%) | 常规NaCl+NaAsc+Na2CO3(0.6%)+CaCO3(0.6%)+MgCl2·6H2O(0.5%) |
pH | 6.15 | 5.46 | 5.37 | 5.10 | 5.22 | 7.34 | 7.91 | 8.49 | 7.40 | 6.83 | 6.61 | 6.72 |
1星期颜色 | 55 | 22 | 22 | 21-2 | 31-2 | 22 | 22 | 1-21 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
4星期颜色 | 55 | 3-43-4 | 3-43-4 | 33 | 3-43-4 | 2-33 | 23 | 22 | 2-32-3 | 1-22 | 22 | 23 |
表II
V1 | V2 | V3 | V4 | V5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
罗勒 | 常规未加入任何物质 | 常规NaCl | 常规NaCl+NaAsc | 真空NaCl | 真空NaCl+NaAsc | 常规NaCl+NaAsc+Na2CO3 | 常规NaCl+NaAsc+Na2CO3 | 真空NaCl+Na2CO3(0.6%) | 真空NaCl+NaAsc+Na2CO3 | 常规NaCl+NaAsc+Na2CO3 | 常规NaCl+NaAsc+Na2CO3 | 常规NaCl+NaAsc+Na2CO3 |
pH | 6.15 | 5.46 | 5.75 | 5.29 | 5.36 | 7.55 | 8.2 | 8.12 | 7.42 | 7.51 | 7.44 | 7.47 |
1星期颜色 | 55 | 2-33 | 33 | 22 | 32 | 1-22-3 | 1-22 | 1-21 | 11 | 11-2 | 11-2 | 11-2 |
4星期颜色香味 | 55 | 4-53 | 43 | 33 | 33 | 32-3 | 22 | 1-22 | 21-2 | 1-21-2 | 22 | 21-2 |
表III
V1 | V2 | V3 | V4 | V5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
牛至 | 常规未加入任何物质 | 常规NaCl | 常规NaCl+NaAsc | 真空NaCl | 真空NaCl+NaAsc | 常规NaCl+NaAsc+Na2CO3(0.25%) | 常规NaCl+NaAsc+Na2CO3(0.6%) | 真空NaCl+Na2CO3(0.6%) | 真空NaCl+NaAsc+Na2CO3(0.6%) | 常规NaCl+NaAsc+Na2CO3(0.6%) | 常规NaCl+NaAsc+Na2CO3(0.6%) | 常规NaCl+NaAsc+Na2CO3(0.6%) |
pH | 6.5 | 5.82 | 5.42 | 5.82 | 5.78 | 7.13 | 8.31 | 9.03 | 8.98 | 7.79 | 7.68 | 7.77 |
1星期颜色 | 55 | 33 | 4-54 | 22 | 32 | 33 | 2-32-3 | 1-21 | 11 | 11-2 | 11-2 | 11-2 |
4星期颜色 | 55 | 53 | 4-53-4 | 42 | 42-3 | 32-3 | 1-22 | 12 | 1-21-2 | 11-2 | 1-21-2 | 11-2 |
表IV
V1 | V2 | V3 | V4 | V5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
迷迭香 | 常规来加入任何物质 | 常规NaCl | 常规NaCl+NaAsc | 真空NaCl | 真空NaCl+NaAsc | 常规NaCl+NaAsc+Na2CO3(0.25%) | 常规NaCl+NaAsc+Na2CO3(0.6%) | 真空NaCl+Na2CO3(0.6%) | 真空NaCl+NaAsc+Na2CO3(0.6%) | 常规NaCl+NaAsc+Na2CO3(0.6%)+CaCO3(0.5%) | 常规NaCl+NaAsc+Na2CO3(0.6%)+MgCl2·6H2O(0.5%) | 常规NaCl+NaAsc+Na2CO3(0.6%)+CaCO3(0.6%)+MgCl2·6H2O |
pH | 5.8 | 5.1 | 5.46 | 5.34 | 5.38 | 7.3 | 8.04 | 8.31 | 8.20 | 7.67 | 7.58 | 7.66 |
1星期颜色 | 55 | 54 | 34 | 41-2 | 4-51-2 | 33-4 | 2-32 | 1-21 | 11 | 11-2 | 11-2 | 11-2 |
4星期颜色 | 55 | 53-4 | 4-54-5 | 42 | 4-52 | 3-43 | 32-3 | 1-21-2 | 11 | 21-2 | 22 | 21-2 |
用食用油隔绝氧气代替真空包装得到同样良好的结果。一些草本植物的超过几个月(达到18个月)的长期结果显示:四星期后,甚至经历长期贮存得到的评分没有显著的恶化。
总而言之,表中清楚显示,在归入本发明的实施例1至7中,在颜色和香味两方面的评分都比对比实施例明显优越。
在以上的说明书和权利要求中披露的本发明的特征可以单独成任意组合以实现本发明的不同实施形式。
Claims (16)
1.包含至少一种草本调味植物的耐贮存制品,其含有至少一种将制品水活性调节至0.90或更少的成分,以及含有至少一种将制品的PH-值比在加入水活性调节成分之后的草本调味植物的PH-值升高至少1.0的物质,其中制品还含有至少一种抗氧化剂和/或在隔绝氧气的条件下被包装。
2.按照权利要求1所述的制品,其特征在于,将pH-值升高1.5至2.5。
3.按照权利要求2所述的制品,其特征在于,将pH-值约升高2。
4.按照前述权利要求之一所述的制品,其特征在于,为了调节所需要的水活性,其具有占制品总量至少约10重量%的食盐。
5.按照权利要求4所述的制品,其特征在于,食盐的份额为20重量%或更多。
6.按照前述权利要求之一所述的制品,其特征在于,用于升高pH-值的物质选自无机酸或有机酸的碱金属盐和碱土金属盐。
7.按照权利要求6所述的制品,其特征在于,所述物质选自碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸镁和碳酸钙。
8.按照前述权利要求之一所述的制品,其特征在于,额外含有至少一种碱土金属盐。
9.按照权利要求8所述的制品,其特征在于,碱土金属盐为钙盐和/或镁盐。
10.生产包含至少一种草本调味植物的耐贮存制品的方法,其特征在于,将草本调味植物制成含水量至少30重量%;而且,在粉碎过程中或之后,将草本调味植物与防腐混合物混合,该防腐混合物包含至少一种其用量足以将制品的水活性调节至0.90或更少的水活性调节成分,和至少一种其用量足以将PH-值比添加水活性调节成分之后的草本调味植物的PH-值升高至少1.0的物质,其中向防腐混合物或草本调味植物与防腐混合物的混合物中加入至少一种抗氧化剂,和/或该制品在隔绝氧气的条件下包装。
11.按照权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,将食盐加入到防腐混合物中用于调节制品的水活性,食盐的加入量足以如此调节食盐在制品中的份额,即其占制品总量的至少约10重量%。
12.按照权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,为升高pH-值,将选自无机酸或有机酸的碱金属和碱上金属盐的至少一种物质加入防腐混合物中。
13.按照权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,作为碱金属和碱土金属盐使用碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸镁和/或碳酸钙。
14.按照权利要求10至13之一所述的方法,其特征在于,另外将至少一种碱土金属盐加入防腐混合物或草本调味植物与防腐混合物的混合物中。
15.按照权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,使用至少一种钙和/或镁盐作为碱土金属盐。
16.按照权利要求10至15之一所述的方法,其特征在于,防腐混合物占制品总量的比例在约25和35重量%之间。
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CNB028243501A Expired - Fee Related CN1256885C (zh) | 2001-12-07 | 2002-12-03 | 草本调味植物制品 |
Country Status (19)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050019457A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1450616B2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2005511070A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20050044670A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1256885C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE368383T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2002360916B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0215109A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2465688A1 (zh) |
DE (2) | DE10160309C1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK1450616T4 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2288570T5 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1073228A1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA04005515A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL204137B1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2307513C2 (zh) |
TR (1) | TR200401183T2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2003049546A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA200403742B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080213438A1 (en) * | 2007-03-02 | 2008-09-04 | F.B.C. Industries, Inc. | Reduction of Benzene in Beverages and Compositions Therefor |
WO2011007109A2 (fr) * | 2009-07-17 | 2011-01-20 | Darome | Procede de sechage d'un produit vegetal sans additif et a teneur reduite en sodium |
AU2013100380A4 (en) * | 2010-10-21 | 2013-05-02 | Botanical Food Company Pty Ltd | Preserved Plant Material |
US11540536B2 (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2023-01-03 | Botanical Food Company Pty Ltd. | Method for preserving plant material |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2464200A (en) * | 1945-02-24 | 1949-03-15 | Griffith Laboratories | Manufacture of stable dry papain composition |
US3787591A (en) * | 1971-09-16 | 1974-01-22 | Japan Natural Food Co Ltd | Process for producing powders of green leaves of wheat and barley |
US3930035A (en) * | 1974-10-15 | 1975-12-30 | Tee Pak Inc | Edible collagen sausage casing and process for preparing same |
FR2417266A1 (fr) * | 1978-02-15 | 1979-09-14 | Gen Alimentaire | Composition d'herbes aromatiques |
US4421777A (en) * | 1981-03-27 | 1983-12-20 | Nutrisearch Company | Method for improving the yield of chocolate cake |
DE3206189C2 (de) * | 1982-02-20 | 1985-10-31 | Maizena Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg | Rieselfähiges Würzpflanzentrockenprodukt und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
US4505943A (en) * | 1982-12-02 | 1985-03-19 | General Foods Corporation | Process for making a freeze-thaw stable edible foam containing milk fat |
US4572836A (en) * | 1984-11-28 | 1986-02-25 | Gourmeta, Inc. | Stabilized edible herb composition and method |
US4832969A (en) * | 1986-10-28 | 1989-05-23 | General Mills, Inc. | Dried green vegetable and method of preparation |
US4927657A (en) * | 1989-04-13 | 1990-05-22 | The Clorox Company | Reduced tartness salad dressing |
FR2649297B1 (fr) * | 1989-07-04 | 1993-04-16 | Daregal Sa | Procede de deshydratation de plantes comestibles |
IL100404A0 (en) * | 1990-12-24 | 1992-09-06 | Mccormick & Co Inc | Process for preparing dehydrated vegetable products and the resulting products |
US5445839A (en) * | 1991-03-28 | 1995-08-29 | Japan Natural Food Co., Ltd. | Powders of plant green juice and process for their production |
JP2747382B2 (ja) * | 1991-07-03 | 1998-05-06 | 義秀 萩原 | 青汁又はその乾燥粉末 |
US6221420B1 (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 2001-04-24 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Foods containing thermally-inhibited starches and flours |
AUPM792794A0 (en) * | 1994-09-02 | 1994-09-29 | Byron Agricultural Company Pty Ltd | Processed fresh herbs |
AU714310B2 (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1999-12-23 | Japan Pharmaceutical Development Co., Ltd | Plant extract |
US6017573A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 2000-01-25 | Nestec S.A. | Process for preparing intermediate moisture pasta product |
-
2001
- 2001-12-07 DE DE10160309A patent/DE10160309C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-12-03 WO PCT/DE2002/004669 patent/WO2003049546A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2002-12-03 PL PL370860A patent/PL204137B1/pl unknown
- 2002-12-03 TR TR2004/01183T patent/TR200401183T2/xx unknown
- 2002-12-03 KR KR1020047008511A patent/KR20050044670A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-12-03 CN CNB028243501A patent/CN1256885C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-03 MX MXPA04005515A patent/MXPA04005515A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-12-03 RU RU2004120705/13A patent/RU2307513C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-12-03 AU AU2002360916A patent/AU2002360916B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-12-03 US US10/496,914 patent/US20050019457A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-12-03 DK DK02795026.0T patent/DK1450616T4/da active
- 2002-12-03 BR BR0215109-0A patent/BR0215109A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-12-03 JP JP2003550601A patent/JP2005511070A/ja active Pending
- 2002-12-03 CA CA002465688A patent/CA2465688A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-12-03 AT AT02795026T patent/ATE368383T1/de active
- 2002-12-03 ES ES02795026T patent/ES2288570T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-03 EP EP02795026A patent/EP1450616B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-03 DE DE50210605T patent/DE50210605D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-05-14 ZA ZA200403742A patent/ZA200403742B/en unknown
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2005
- 2005-07-11 HK HK05105845A patent/HK1073228A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL204137B1 (pl) | 2009-12-31 |
ES2288570T3 (es) | 2008-01-16 |
AU2002360916A1 (en) | 2003-06-23 |
RU2307513C2 (ru) | 2007-10-10 |
AU2002360916B2 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
TR200401183T2 (tr) | 2004-12-21 |
ATE368383T1 (de) | 2007-08-15 |
DE10160309C1 (de) | 2003-07-17 |
JP2005511070A (ja) | 2005-04-28 |
PL370860A1 (en) | 2005-05-30 |
RU2004120705A (ru) | 2005-05-10 |
CA2465688A1 (en) | 2003-06-19 |
EP1450616B1 (de) | 2007-08-01 |
KR20050044670A (ko) | 2005-05-12 |
ES2288570T5 (es) | 2011-12-07 |
EP1450616B2 (de) | 2011-08-31 |
CN1256885C (zh) | 2006-05-24 |
US20050019457A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
DK1450616T4 (da) | 2011-12-05 |
WO2003049546A1 (de) | 2003-06-19 |
EP1450616A1 (de) | 2004-09-01 |
ZA200403742B (en) | 2005-05-20 |
HK1073228A1 (en) | 2005-09-30 |
BR0215109A (pt) | 2004-11-03 |
MXPA04005515A (es) | 2004-12-06 |
DK1450616T3 (da) | 2007-12-10 |
DE50210605D1 (de) | 2007-09-13 |
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