CN1586159A - Simplifying cultivating millet variety breeding and its cultivating method - Google Patents
Simplifying cultivating millet variety breeding and its cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1586159A CN1586159A CN 200410058088 CN200410058088A CN1586159A CN 1586159 A CN1586159 A CN 1586159A CN 200410058088 CN200410058088 CN 200410058088 CN 200410058088 A CN200410058088 A CN 200410058088A CN 1586159 A CN1586159 A CN 1586159A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses simplified millet variety breeding and matched cultivation process. The main contents include crossbreeding, back crossing and other measures to breed homotypic sister lines or near isogenic lines with herbicide resistance, without herbicide resistance or with resistance to different kinds of herbicide; mixing in certain proportion to form mixed variety with basically identical comprehensive characteristics; spraying specific herbicide to realize chemical thinning and chemical weeding. The said process can simplify cultivation of millet via eliminating manual thinning and weeding and realize the concentrative cultivation of millet in greatly raised work efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of millet variety seed selection and cultivation method, in particular to a kind of simplification cultivation millet variety seed selection and cultivation method for matching thereof.
Background technology
Millet (Setaria italica 2n=2X=18) is granule half dense planting crop, and only about 3.0g, every kilogram of seed reaches 30～350,000 to thousand kernel weight, and suitable density of reserved seedlings is 37.5～75.0 ten thousand strains/hm
2, promptly sowing quantity only is 2.5～4.5kg/hm
2About.External granule crop is mainly adopted mechanical thinning technology.And in China, the millet essentialspecies is implanted in the mountain area, hills, the mechanically actuated difficulty.Simultaneously, because the millet seed is little, small and weak paddy seedling need be brought into play colony and push up native ability and could guarantee full stand, the too small full stand that is unfavorable for of seeding quantity.Therefore, over the past thousands of years, China peasant plants millet and adopts big seeding quantity (15～30kg/hm always
2About) guarantee full stand, reach the planting type of suitable density of reserved seedlings by artificial thinning again; Simultaneously, common millet variety lacks suitable weed killer herbicide, and the weeding of paddy field is always by manual work.Heavy manual labor is not only in artificial thinning, weeding, and malignant weed paddy green bristlegrass of paddy Tanaka association is extremely similar to the paddy seedling in seedling stage, be not easily distinguishable, particularly in a single day run into continuous rainy weather seedling stage, very easily cause seedling famine and farmland running to weeds to cause the serious underproduction even total crop failure, the therefore underproduction about 30% throughout the year.For above-mentioned reasons, scale, the intensive cultivating of millet have seriously been limited.
At present, although the problems referred to above are all had certain research both at home and abroad, also come with some shortcomings:
1, external similar research
External granule crop is exempted from thinning and mainly adopts mechanical precision drilling, mechanical thinning technology.Aspect the weeding of paddy field, developed countries such as the U.S. once carried out big quantity research, but failed to filter out suitable weed killer herbicide (Mysore Journal of Agricultural Science, 1987,21 (1): 87～88).Since 1981, France has found the mutant of antiweed in the wild blue or green green foxtail of the sibling species of millet (Setaria viridis 2n=2x=18) colony, through screening and genetic research, obtain being subjected to anti-atrazine (Atrazine) material (the Weed Research of plasmon control, 1985, Vol.25:175～179); Canada finds to be examined the anti-by pouncing on clean (Sethoxydime) material UM131 (Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Paris of dominance single-gene control from wild blue or green green foxtail, 1997,35:803-807), and anti-trefanocide (Trifuraline) material Oak River (the Weed Technology that is subjected to 2 pairs of chain cell nucleus recessive gene controls, 1997,11:369-372).By means such as hybridizing, backcross, the anti-herbicide gene of blue or green green foxtail is transferred to (Weed Research, 1989,29 (2): 147～150 in the cultivation millet; Chinese agriculture science and technology Leader .2000,2 (5): 62～66).But the herbicide resistance foxtail millet kind does not obtain large-area application yet on producing at present, and main cause has 3 points: (1) single antiweed kind can not solve the difficult problem of the artificial thinning of millet.(2) anti-trefanocide type resistance level is on the low side, and weed killer herbicide concentration is difficult for grasping.(3) though anti-taking pounced on clean type resistance level height, invalid to broadleaf weed only by pouncing on, weeding is not thorough.
2, domestic similar research
(1) cultivation method research Inner Mongol institute of agricultural sciences of clear Wu Da alliance in 1962 proposes not thinning of millet precision drilling technology (Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region research of agricultural science achievement compilation (first collection), 1962:214～217); Nineteen sixty-five, Hebei province agronomy committee proposed the few thinning technology of millet wide ridge dense planting (Hebei agronomy newspaper, 1965, (1): 75～76); The Hebei province crops propose not thinning of the little Mi Long of summer paddy technology (crops research data, 1983, (1): 18～19); Li Donghui in 1987 propose millet inner wrapping sowing seeds technology (rotten paddy broomcorn millet scientific research communication, 1987, (3): 43～45), method is that the seed-grain that can not germinate after will handling with the urea of high concentration is sowed with normal seed-grain is mixed, reaches the effect of few thinning; In order to solve the difficult problem of artificial precision drilling operation, before and after 1980, mechanization precision drilling research (Liaoning agricultural science, 1978, (1): 28 were once carried out in ground such as Liaoning, Heilungkiang, Shanxi, Hebei; The Heilungkiang agricultural, 1980, (1): 40～41; The Shanxi agricultural science, 1980, (2): 27), effect is better, the seed-grain amount of broadcasting can be controlled at 6.0～7.5kg/hm
2, but China millet disperses to be planted in mountain area, hills, mechanically actuated difficulty.1993, Shouyang County, Shanxi Province invention semi-mechanization cereal dibbler, the small size operation of the suitable peasant household of this machinery.
Above-mentioned cultivation method has played certain positive role on producing, but still has many outstanding problems:
First, because the millet grain is little, and most being planted on the more nonirrigated farmland of clod, it is poor that Gu Miao pushes up native power, lean on colony's rudiment top soil could guarantee to emerge, in a single day precision drilling is met adverse weather and is difficult to guarantee full stand, and the disconnected ridge problem of being short of seedling is outstanding, and cause the serious generation of association weeds paddy green bristlegrass, make the range of application of sowing seeds technology be restricted.The second, although not thinning of semi-accuracy seeding technology is emerged better, often cause density too high, cause the field ventilation and penetrating light poor, disease, serious lodging, thinning saving of labor's benefit is difficult to compensate the loss of output.
For solving the deficiency of sowing seeds technology, 2000, academy of agricultural sciences, Shanxi Province millet research institute filters out a kind of special chemicals, and seed-grain is handled, and makes its normally germination and emergence, native effect of emerging in top of performance colony, again can be dead voluntarily after emerging, handle seed-grain with the normal seed-grain of kind mixed seeding by a certain percentage, thereby realize that millet exempts from purpose (crop science research theory and practice, the China Science Tech Publishing House of thinning, 2000,160-163).But still there is more problem in this method in production application, the one, and meet the unfavourable weather condition and cause emerging under the infull situation, still death voluntarily after the part seed-grain of handling emerges, the shortage remedial measure, disconnected ridge causes being short of seedling.The 2nd, this method can not solve the difficult problem of artificial weeding.Therefore, this method large tracts of land popularization not yet at present.
(2) chemical herbicide development is 1998, and Nankai University develops new herbicides: 44% millet straw spirit wetting powder, use in the millet preceding feud of after planting emerging.This weed killer herbicide is (1.7-2.0kg/hm under recommended dose
2), can prevent and treat broadleaf weed and most of monocotyledon weed, but it is invalid to millet association weeds " paddy green bristlegrass ", but under the situation that seedling stage is overcast and rainy more or using dosage is big slightly, poisoning is obvious, the paddy seedling is had the obvious suppression effect, and application is restricted, but can be at (0.6-0.9kg/hm under the low dosage
2) prevent and treat broadleaf weed, control monocotyledon weed.2002, the clean wetting powder of 45% millet straw was invented by Liaocheng City Dongchang, Shandong Province agricultural chemicals company, according to its technical descriptioon, can prevent and treat the single, double cotyledon weeds in paddy field, but did not see so far to produce to go up and use.
(3) breeding wheat for semidwarfness research is in order to improve the anti-dense planting ability of millet, and China millet breeding work person has successively bred and prolonged short, short No. 2, the short peaceful Huang of Zheng, short-stalked varietys such as short 88.But facts have proved, though these types of short stem can improve the planting density of 30-50%, can reduce the thinning recruitment to a certain extent, but the problem that ubiquity, and the anti-lean property of drought resisting is poor, early ageing, fecundity difference etc. are difficult to overcome, application is restricted (Plant Growth Regulation, 1998,26:19-24; North China agronomy newspaper, 1999,14 (2): 42～47; The Hebei agricultural science, 1998,2 (2): 16～20).
(4) the antiweed breeding is 1993, and academy of agricultural sciences, Hebei province millet research institute introduces France, Canadian millet anti-herbicide gene in the Chinese cultivated kind, and more domestic millet breeding units are being cultivated dissimilar herbicide resistance foxtail millet kinds.But 10 years are in the past, owing to external same reason, the herbicide resistance foxtail millet kind is not used widely on China produces yet.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of by breeding techniques such as hybridizing, backcross, can realize chemical thinning, chemical weed control simultaneously, solve and rely on artificial thinning, the millet thinning of artificial weeding, weeding technical barrier, realize to simplify the antiweed (the anti-single weed killer herbicide or the anti-2 kinds of weed killer herbicides of holding concurrently) of cultivation, the homotype sisters system or the near-isogenic line of antiweed (or anti-single weed killer herbicide), and mix according to a certain percentage, form the breeding of new variety and the cultivation method for matching thereof of the composite variety of comprehensive proterties basically identical.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
1, simplify cultivation millet rearing new variety following seven kinds of methods arranged:
(1) the not cultivation of the anti-atrazine near-isogenic line of the conventional variety+cytoplasm of antiweed.Method is to do male parent with conventional millet variety, and the millet variety of the anti-atrazine of cytoplasm is done maternal sexual hybridization.F1 is for identifying true hybrid according to male parent mark property or employing molecular marking technique.And be recurrent parent (male parent) and hybrid F with conventional millet variety
1Carried out for 5～6 generations with backcross progeny and backcross, segregative generation sprays atrazine before after planting emerging, and selects the elite seedling of comprehensive proterties near recurrent parent (male parent) before ripe, until the near-isogenic line of breeding with the comprehensive proterties basically identical of recurrent parent.The anti-atrazine near-isogenic line of conventional variety and cytoplasm is mixed in suitable ratio, and formation can be simplified the composite variety of cultivation.
(2) the anti-atrazine strain of cytoplasm+not cultivation of the homotype sisters system of antiweed.Method is to do male parent with conventional millet variety, and the millet variety of the anti-atrazine of cytoplasm is done maternal sexual hybridization.F
1In generation, is according to the male parent mark property or adopt molecular marking technique to identify true hybrid.F
2Select elite seedling before generation is ripe, and the part seed of each individual plant results is carried out seedling stage anti-atrazine identify, eliminate fully anti-or whole individual plants of antiweeds, stay resistance and have the individual plant that separates.From F
3The generation beginning, in the family of excellence, select individual plant before ripe, and the part seed of each individual plant results is carried out seedling stage anti-atrazine identify, therefrom select fully the not type of antiweed, of future generation with high antiweed, the strain system of antiweed does not compare selection, until the high antiweed that selects stable, the comprehensive proterties basically identical of each proterties, the sisters system of antiweed.2 sisters systems are mixed in suitable ratio, and formation can be simplified the composite variety of cultivation.
(3) conventional millet variety+cell nucleus is anti-by the cultivation of pouncing on clean near-isogenic line.Method is to pounce on clean millet variety hybridization (reciprocal cross all can) with conventional millet variety and anti-taking.F
1Spray to take for the 3-5 leaf phase and pounce on only, do not kill anti-by pouncing on clean pseudostationary, survival be true hybrid.Do recurrent parent (male parent) with conventional millet variety, with hybrid F
1Carrying out for 5～6 generations with backcross progeny backcrosses.The segregative generation 3-5 leaf phase sprays to take pounces on only, selects the elite seedling of comprehensive proterties near recurrent parent before ripe, until the near-isogenic line of breeding with the comprehensive proterties basically identical of recurrent parent.Conventional millet variety is mixed in suitable ratio by pouncing on clean near-isogenic line with anti-, and formation can be simplified the composite variety of cultivation.
(4) anti-the taking of cell nucleus pounced on clean strain+not cultivation of the homotype sisters system of antiweed.Method is to pounce on clean millet variety hybridization (reciprocal cross all can) with conventional millet variety and anti-taking.F
1Spray to take for the 3-5 leaf phase and pounce on only, do not kill anti-by pouncing on clean pseudostationary, survival be true hybrid.F
2Select elite seedling for before ripe, and the part seed that each individual plant is gathered in the crops is carried out resisting seedling stage to take pouncing on clean evaluation, eliminate the fully individual plant of anti-or whole antiweeds, stay the individual plant that the resistance existence separates.From F
3The generation beginning, carrying out a large amount of individual plants before ripe in the family of excellence selects, and the part seed of each individual plant results is carried out the seedling stage antiweed identify, select anti-and not anti-taking to pounce on clean individual plant, of future generation will resist take pounce on only, anti-taking pounce on clean strain system and compare selection, until the antiweed that selects stable, the comprehensive proterties basically identical of each proterties, the sisters system of antiweed.2 sisters systems are mixed in suitable ratio, and formation can be simplified the composite variety of cultivation.
(5) hold concurrently anti-atrazine and take and pounce on the cultivation that clean two anti-strain+anti-atrazine homotype sisters are.Method is to be female parent with the anti-atrazine kind of cytoplasm, and cell nucleus is anti-takes that to pounce on clean kind be male parent, preparing hybrid combination A; Or the anti-atrazine and take and pounce on clean two anti-kind for maternal of holding concurrently, the conventional millet variety of antiweed is not a male parent, preparing hybrid makes up B.The F of combination A
1Spray to take for the 3-5 leaf phase and pounce on only, do not kill anti-by pouncing on clean pseudostationary, survival be true hybrid.The F of combination B
1In generation, is according to the male parent mark property or adopt molecular marking technique to identify true hybrid.F2 sprays before after planting emerging, and the 3-5 leaf phase sprays to take pounces on emulsion for cleaning, manually removes the weak plant of growing way after 10 days.Select elite seedling before ripe.And the part seed of each individual plant results is carried out seedling stage anti-taking pounce on clean evaluation, eliminate fully anti-taking and pounce on clean or all anti-taking and pounce on clean individual plant, stay resistance and have the individual plant that separates.F
3In later per generation in generation, after planting, spray atrazine before emerging stay the plant of high anti-atrazine.In excellent family, select elite seedling before ripe.And the part seed of each individual plant results is carried out seedling stage anti-taking pounce on clean evaluation, cannot not select anti-ly to take and pounce on only, resist to take and pounce on clean individual plant, in following generation, compare selection with two types strain system, until the cell nucleus that selects stable, the comprehensive proterties basically identical of each proterties anti-take to pounce on have the high anti-atrazine of cytoplasm and the homotype sisters system of the high anti-atrazine of cytoplasm only only concurrently.2 sisters systems are mixed in suitable ratio, and formation can be simplified the composite variety of cultivation.
(6) hold concurrently anti-atrazine and take the cultivation of pouncing on clean two anti-strain+anti-atrazine near-isogenic line.Method is to be male parent with conventional millet variety, has anti-the taking of cell nucleus concurrently with the anti-atrazine of cytoplasm and pounces on clean two anti-kind preparing hybrid and make up A; Kind preparing hybrid combination B with cytoplasm monoclonal antibody atrazine.F
1Identify the true hybrid of above-mentioned two kinds of combinations respectively according to the male parent mark property, and be recurrent parent (male parent), carry out 5-6 generation respectively and backcross with conventional millet variety.Combination A whenever substitutes atrazine for beginning and takes to pounce on only and screen from BC1, until breeding with the comprehensive proterties basically identical of recurrent parent but the anti-atrazine and take and pounce on clean near-isogenic line 1 of holding concurrently; B is from BC in combination
1Generation beginning whenever substitutes atrazine and screens, until breeding with the comprehensive proterties basically identical of recurrent parent but the near-isogenic line 2 of anti-atrazine.Near-isogenic line 1 and near-isogenic line 2 are mixed in suitable ratio, and formation can be simplified the composite variety of cultivation.
(7) the anti-atrazine of conventional variety+hold concurrently and take the cultivation of pouncing on clean two anti-near-isogenic line+anti-atrazine near-isogenic line.Breeding method is with above-mentioned (6) double anti-atrazine and take the breeding method of pouncing on clean two anti-strain+anti-atrazine near-isogenic line, is mixed forming the composite variety that can simplify cultivation by proper proportion with 2 near-isogenic line by conventional variety.
2, cultivation method for matching
On the basis of the millet new varieties of cultivating suitable simplification cultivation according to the method described above, should adopt supporting with it culture technique during production application, comprise suitable mixed proportion and seeding quantity, suitable weed killer herbicide sprays dosage, sprays period.Antiweed, the not homotype sister system or the mixed according to a certain percentage sowing of near-isogenic line of antiweed or anti-different weed killer herbicides, realize chemical thinning, weeding by spraying particular herbicide.
(1) effectively the effective seeding quantity of seeding quantity is the seeding quantity that stays the antiweed strain after the chemical thinning, according to percentage of seedgermination, field emergence rate, local suitable density of reserved seedlings (spring paddy 45-60 ten thousand strains/hm
2, Xia Gu 60-90 ten thousand strains/hm
2), kind thousand kernel weight (different kind thousand kernel weight difference, should be as the criterion with the practical measurement result) calculate, wherein, hold concurrently anti-atrazine and take effective seeding quantity of pouncing on clean two anti-strain+anti-atrazine homotype sisters system and near isogene set type seeding quantity for pair anti-strains; The anti-atrazine of conventional variety+hold concurrently and take effective seeding quantity of pouncing on clean two anti-near-isogenic line+anti-atrazine near isogene set type seeding quantity for two resisting+monoclonal antibody weed killer herbicide strain, wherein, two anti-strain seeding quantitys are calculated by above-mentioned formula, monoclonal antibody weed killer herbicide strain mainly plays the effect of regulating density of reserved seedlings, and its seeding quantity is the 20-30% of two anti-strain seeding quantitys.Effectively the seeding quantity computing formula is as follows:
Effective seeding quantity (kg/hm
2Suitable density of reserved seedlings (ten thousand strains/hm of)=local
2) ÷ germination rate (%) ÷ emergence rate (%) * thousand kernel weight (g) ÷ 100
(2) ratio of effective seeding quantity of mixed proportion and invalid seeding quantity (part that chemical thinning is killed) should be suitable, is generally 1: 1.5-1: 5.Suitable mixed proportion is relevant with the density of reserved seedlings of local custom, and density of reserved seedlings is big more, and invalid seeding quantity ratio should be more little.Summer paddy optimal proportion is 1: 2-1: 3, and spring paddy optimal proportion is 1: 3-1: 4; For conventional variety+double anti-atrazine with by pouncing on clean two anti-near-isogenic line+anti-atrazine near-isogenic line, mixed proportion is two anti-near-isogenic line: anti-atrazine near-isogenic line: conventional variety=1: 0.3: 2.0-3.5.
(3) the total seeding quantity of total seeding quantity is according to effectively seeding quantity and optimum mixture ratio example calculating.Total seeding quantity is generally 7.5-15kg/hm
2, best seeding quantity 11.25kg/hm
2
(4) Shi Yi weed killer herbicide sprays dosage and the characteristic of the period of spraying according to the needs or the different weed killer herbicides of dissimilar bulk varieties, adopts different spraying dosage and spray period respectively.
Adopt technical scheme provided by the invention, the difficult problem that millet can be cultivated long-term insoluble artificial thinning, weeding on the history solves simultaneously, realizes chemical thinning, chemical weed control simultaneously, thereby realizes the millet intensive cultivating; Raise labour efficiency greatly; Improve millet seed technology content, promote the seed-grain industrialized development; The granule crop that needs thinning had reference.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The not seed selection and the cultivation of the anti-atrazine near-isogenic line of the conventional variety+cytoplasm of antiweed.Selection is to do male parent with conventional millet variety, and the millet variety of the anti-atrazine of cytoplasm is done maternal sexual hybridization.F
1According to male parent mark property such as plant height, fringe type, anther color, leaf sheath color etc. or adopt molecular marking technique to identify true hybrid.And be recurrent parent (male parent) and hybrid F with conventional millet variety
1Carried out for 6 generations with backcross progeny and backcross, segregative generation sprays atrazine before after planting emerging, and selects the elite seedling of comprehensive proterties near recurrent parent (male parent) before ripe, until the near-isogenic line of breeding with the comprehensive proterties basically identical of recurrent parent.The anti-atrazine near-isogenic line of cytoplasm is mixed in 1: 3 ratio with conventional variety, and formation can be simplified the composite variety of cultivation.Cultivation method is, composite variety after planting, spray the 44% millet straw spirit wetting powder of low dosage before emerging, dosage is 0.9kg/hm
2, convert water and be no less than 750kg/hm
2, the control weeds, the 2 leaf phases of back of emerging spray 38% atrazine suspending agent, and spring paddy dispenser dosage is 7.5-9.0kg/hm
2, 9.0kg/hm
2Be optimal dose, summer paddy dispenser dosage is 6.0-7.5kg/hm
2, 7.5kg/hm
2Be optimal dose, realize chemical thinning and weeding simultaneously.Inhomogeneous if emerge, the part that seedling is few is not sprayed atrazine.
Embodiment 2:
The anti-atrazine strain of the cytoplasm+not seed selection and the cultivation thereof of the homotype sisters system of antiweed.Selection is to do male parent with conventional millet variety, and the millet variety of the anti-atrazine of cytoplasm is done maternal sexual hybridization.F
1According to male parent mark property such as plant height, fringe type, anther color, leaf sheath color etc. or adopt molecular marking technique to identify true hybrid.F
2Select elite seedling before generation is ripe, and the part seed of each individual plant results is carried out seedling stage anti-atrazine identify, eliminate fully anti-or whole individual plants of antiweeds, stay resistance and have the individual plant that separates.From F
3Generation beginning is selected individual plant before ripe in the family of excellence, and the part seed of each individual plant results is carried out seedling stage anti-atrazine identify, identifies the atrazine of employing higher dosage first, i.e. 38% atrazine, and summer sowing is 0.6g/m
2, sowing in spring is 1.0g/m
2, eliminate the weak type of resistance, to select the high anti-and individual plant of antiweed not, and adopt than the low dosage atrazine and carry out evaluation second time showing not the individual plant of antiweed, i.e. summer sowing is 0.3g/m
2, sowing in spring is 0.6g/m
2, therefrom select fully the not type of antiweed, following generation is not with antiweed, the strain system of antiweed compares selection, until the high antiweed that selects stable, the comprehensive proterties basically identical of each proterties, the sisters system of antiweed.With high antiweed, the sisters system of antiweed was by 1: 3.5 ratio mixing, formation can be simplified the composite variety of cultivation.This composite variety cultivation method is identical with cultivation method among the embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
Conventional millet variety+cell nucleus is anti-by the seed selection and the cultivation thereof of pouncing on clean near-isogenic line.Selection is to pounce on clean millet variety hybridization (reciprocal cross all can) with conventional millet variety and anti-taking.F
1Spray to take for the 3-5 leaf phase (3 leaf phase the best) and pounce on clean (15% missible oil, 0.15ml/m
2, convert water 75ml), cannot not kill anti-ly to take and pounce on clean pseudostationary, survival be true hybrid.Do recurrent parent (male parent) with conventional millet variety, with hybrid F
1Carrying out for 6 generations with backcross progeny backcrosses.The segregative generation 3-5 leaf phase (3 leaf phase the best) sprays to take pounces on only, selects the elite seedling of comprehensive proterties near recurrent parent before ripe, until the near-isogenic line of breeding with the comprehensive proterties basically identical of recurrent parent.To resist by pouncing on clean near-isogenic line and mix in 1: 3 ratio with conventional millet variety, formation can be simplified the composite variety of cultivation.Its cultivation method be composite variety after planting, spray the 44% millet straw spirit wetting powder of low dosage before emerging, dosage is 0.9kg/hm
2, convert water and be no less than 750kg/hm
2, control broadleaf weed, control monocotyledon weed, 3 leaf phases sprayed 15% by pouncing on emulsion for cleaning 1200ml/hm
2, convert water 750kg/hm
2, realize chemical thinning and weeding for the second time.Or spraying by spraying hundred wealthy clean (the four clear water agent of 2 first, active ingredient 750g/ liter) 600ml/hm after pouncing on clean 1-2 days
2, convert water 600kg/hm
2Inhomogeneous if emerge, the part that seedling is few is not sprayed to take and is pounced on only.
Embodiment 4:
Cell nucleus is anti-, and clean strain+the homotype sisters of antiweed are by pouncing on.Conventional millet variety is pounced on clean millet variety hybridization (reciprocal cross all can) with anti-taking.F
1Generation sprayed to take 3 leaf phases pounces on only, do not kill anti-by pouncing on clean pseudostationary, survival be true hybrid.F
2Select elite seedling for before ripe, and the part seed that each individual plant is gathered in the crops is carried out resisting seedling stage to take pouncing on clean evaluation, eliminate the fully individual plant of anti-or whole antiweeds, stay the individual plant that the resistance existence separates.From F
3The generation beginning, carrying out a large amount of individual plants before ripe in the family of excellence selects, and the 3 leaf phases of part seed of each individual plant results are carried out antiweed identify, select anti-and not anti-taking to pounce on clean individual plant, following generation will resist take pounce on only, anti-taking pounce on clean strain system and compare selection, until the antiweed that selects stable, the comprehensive proterties basically identical of each proterties, the sisters system of antiweed.With antiweed, the sisters system of antiweed was by 1: 4 ratio mixing, formation can be simplified the composite variety of cultivation, and its cultivation method is identical with the cultivation method of embodiment 3.
Embodiment 5:
With the anti-atrazine kind of cytoplasm is female parent, and cell nucleus is anti-to be male parent by pouncing on clean kind, preparing hybrid combination A; Or the anti-atrazine and take and pounce on clean two anti-kind for maternal of holding concurrently, the conventional millet variety of antiweed is not a male parent, preparing hybrid makes up B.The F of combination A
1Spray to take for the 3-5 leaf phase (3 leaf phase the best) and pounce on only, do not kill anti-by pouncing on clean pseudostationary, survival be true hybrid.The F of combination B
1In generation, is according to male parent mark property such as plant height, fringe type, anther color, leaf sheath color etc. or adopt molecular marking technique to identify true hybrid.F
2In generation, spray 38% atrazine before after planting emerging, and dosage is summer sowing 0.6g/m
2, spring sowing 1.0g/m
2, convert water 75ml, the 3-5 leaf phase (3 leaf phase the best) sprays 15% by pouncing on emulsion for cleaning, sprays dosage 0.15ml/m
2, convert water 75ml, manually remove the weak plant of growing way after 10 days.Select elite seedling before ripe.And the part seed of each individual plant results is carried out seedling stage anti-taking pounce on clean evaluation, eliminate fully anti-taking and pounce on clean or all anti-taking and pounce on clean individual plant, stay resistance and have the individual plant that separates.F
3In later per generation in generation, spray atrazine before after planting emerging, and removes the weak plant of resistance, stays the plant of high anti-atrazine.In excellent family, select elite seedling before ripe.And the part seed that each individual plant is gathered in the crops is carried out seedling stage (3 leaf phase the best) anti-taking pounce on clean evaluation, cannot not select anti-ly to take and pounce on only, resist to take and pounce on clean individual plant, in following generation, compare selection with two types strain system, until the cell nucleus that selects stable, the comprehensive proterties basically identical of each proterties anti-take to pounce on have the high anti-atrazine of cytoplasm and the homotype sisters system of the high anti-atrazine of cytoplasm only only concurrently.With cell nucleus anti-take to pounce on have the high anti-atrazine of cytoplasm only concurrently and only the homotype sisters system of the high anti-atrazine of cytoplasm was in 1: 2.5 ratio mixing, formation can be simplified the composite variety of cultivation.Its cultivation method is to spray 38% atrazine suspending agent, spring paddy dispenser dosage 6.0kg/hm before composite variety is after planting emerged
2, summer paddy dispenser dosage 4.5kg/hm
2, convert water 750kg/hm
2, can realize chemical weed control for the first time but not injure Gu Miao.The 3-4 leaf phase (4 leaf phase the best) sprays 15% by pouncing on emulsion for cleaning 1200ml/hm
2, convert water 750kg/hm
2, kill monoclonal antibody atrazine type, realize chemical thinning and chemical weed control for the second time.Inhomogeneous if emerge, the part that seedling is few can not sprayed to take and be pounced on only.
Embodiment 6:
Hold concurrently anti-atrazine and take and pounce on clean two anti-strain+anti-atrazine near-isogenic line.Method is to be male parent with conventional millet variety, has anti-the taking of cell nucleus concurrently with the anti-atrazine of cytoplasm and pounces on clean two anti-kind preparing hybrid and make up A; Kind preparing hybrid combination B with cytoplasm monoclonal antibody atrazine.F
1Identify the true hybrid of above-mentioned two kinds of combinations respectively according to the male parent mark property, and be recurrent parent (male parent), carried out for 6 generations respectively and backcross with conventional millet variety.A is from BC in combination
1Generation beginning whenever substitutes atrazine and takes to pounce on only and screen, until breeding with the comprehensive proterties basically identical of recurrent parent but the anti-atrazine and take and pounce on clean near-isogenic line 1 of holding concurrently; Combination B whenever substitutes atrazine and screens for beginning from BC1, until breeding with the comprehensive proterties basically identical of recurrent parent but the near-isogenic line 2 of anti-atrazine.Near-isogenic line 1 and near-isogenic line 2 are mixed in suitable ratio, and formation can be simplified the composite variety of cultivation, and its cultivation method is identical with the cultivation method of embodiment 5.
Embodiment 7:
The anti-atrazine of conventional variety+hold concurrently and take the breed breeding and the cultivation of pouncing on clean two anti-near-isogenic line+anti-atrazine near-isogenic line.Selection is identical with the selection of embodiment 6.Its cultivation method is: mixed proportion is two anti-near-isogenic line: anti-atrazine near-isogenic line: conventional variety=1: 0.3: 3.0, after planting, spray 38% atrazine suspending agent, spring paddy dispenser dosage 6.0kg/hm before emerging
2, summer paddy dispenser dosage 4.5kg/hm
2, convert water 750kg/hm
2, can kill conventional variety and weeding, realize chemical thinning for the first time and chemical weed control.If the paddy seedling is still more, spray 15% by pouncing on emulsion for cleaning 1200ml/hm in the 3-4 leaf phase (4 leaf phase the best)
2, convert water 750kg/hm
2, kill monoclonal antibody atrazine type and weeding again, realize chemistry thinning for the second time and chemical weed control for the second time.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of simplification cultivation millet variety selection, it is characterized in that: utilize existing anti-herbicide gene, by hybridization, back cross breeding means, cultivate antiweed, not the homotype sister system or the near-isogenic line of antiweed or anti-different weed killer herbicides, and mixed in suitable ratio, forming the mixed of comprehensive proterties basically identical is millet variety.
2, a kind of simplification cultivation millet variety cultivation method for matching, it is characterized in that: cultivating according to claim 1 on the basis of simplifying cultivation millet new varieties, adopt supporting with it cultivation method during production application, comprise suitable mixed proportion and seeding quantity, suitable weed killer herbicide sprays dosage, sprays period; Antiweed, the not homotype sister system or the mixed according to a certain percentage sowing of near-isogenic line of antiweed or anti-different weed killer herbicides, realize chemical thinning, weeding by spraying particular herbicide.
3, simplification cultivation millet variety selection as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: do male parent with conventional millet variety, millet variety sexual hybridization with the anti-atrazine of cytoplasm, and do the samsara male parent with conventional millet variety and carried out for 5～6 generations and backcross, breed the cytoplasm anti-atrazine near-isogenic line close with the comprehensive proterties of conventional variety; Or the characteristics of utilizing hybrid generation's cytoplasmic resistance to separate, the homotype sisters anti-, not antiweed that the screening economical character is close in the hybrid generation are; The anti-atrazine near-isogenic line of conventional variety and cytoplasm is mixed in suitable ratio, formation can be simplified the composite variety of the anti-atrazine near-isogenic line of conventional variety+cytoplasm of the not antiweed of cultivation, maybe will resist, the homotype sisters system of anti-atrazine is mixed in suitable ratio, formation can be simplified the composite variety of the homotype sisters system of antiweed of the anti-atrazine strain of cytoplasm of cultivation+not.
4, simplification cultivation millet variety selection as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: pounce on clean millet variety hybridization with good conventional millet variety of comprehensive proterties and anti-taking, homotype sisters anti-, antiweed the system that the screening economical character is close in the hybrid generation; Or do recurrent parent with conventional millet variety and pounce on clean offspring and carried out for 5～6 generations and backcross with anti-taking, breed anti-take close and pounce on clean near-isogenic line with the comprehensive proterties of conventional variety; Homotype sisters anti-, not antiweed are mixed in suitable ratio, formation can be simplified anti-the taking of the cell nucleus of cultivation and pounce on the composite variety of the homotype sisters system of antiweed of clean strain+not, or conventional millet variety pounced on clean near-isogenic line and mixes in suitable ratio with anti-taking, it is anti-by the composite variety of pouncing on clean near-isogenic line that formation can be simplified the conventional millet variety+cell nucleus of cultivation.
5, simplification cultivation millet variety selection as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: with the anti-atrazine kind of cytoplasm is female parent, cell nucleus is anti-to be male parent by pouncing on clean kind, preparation combination A; Or to hold concurrently anti-atrazine and take that to pounce on clean two anti-kind be female parent, the conventional millet variety of antiweed is not a male parent, and preparing hybrid makes up B, sexual hybridization, F
2Generation beginning a large amount of selection of per generation fine individual plant, and filter out the individual plants of the two anti-and cytoplasm monoclonal antibody atrazine of caryoplasm, in following generation, compare screening to two anti-, monoclonal antibody head progeny rows, therefrom select approaching the double anti-atrazine of comprehensive proterties and take the homotype sisters that pounce on clean two anti-strain and the anti-atrazine of monoclonal antibody to be; Two anti-strains and monoclonal antibody strain are mixed in suitable ratio, and formation can be simplified the double anti-atrazine of cultivation and take and pounce on the composite variety that clean two anti-strain+anti-atrazine homotype sisters are.
6, simplification cultivation millet variety selection as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: do male parent with the conventional millet variety that comprehensive proterties is good, have anti-the taking of cell nucleus concurrently with the millet variety of cytoplasm antiweed atrazine and the anti-atrazine of cytoplasm respectively and pounce on clean two anti-kind sexual hybridization, and do the samsara male parent with conventional millet variety and carried out for 5～6 generations and backcross, breed the near-isogenic line of the cytoplasm monoclonal antibody atrazine close and the anti-atrazine of cytoplasm and anti-the taking of cell nucleus and pounce on clean two anti-near-isogenic line with the comprehensive proterties of male parent conventional variety; These two near-isogenic line are mixed in suitable ratio, formation can be simplified the double anti-atrazine of cultivation and take the composite variety of pouncing on clean two anti-strain+anti-atrazine near-isogenic line, or conventional variety therewith two near-isogenic line threes mix in suitable ratio, formation can be simplified the anti-atrazine of the conventional variety of cultivation+hold concurrently and take the composite variety of pouncing on clean two anti-near-isogenic line+anti-atrazine near-isogenic line.
7, simplification cultivation millet variety cultivation method for matching as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: effectively seeding quantity is the seeding quantity that stays the antiweed strain after the chemical thinning, percentage of seedgermination, field emergence rate, local suitable density of reserved seedlings, kind thousand kernel weight according to practical measurement are calculated, and effectively the seeding quantity computing formula is as follows: effective seeding quantity (kg/hm
2Suitable density of reserved seedlings (ten thousand strains/hm of)=local
2) ÷ germination rate (%) ÷ emergence rate (%) * thousand kernel weight (g) ÷ 100; Total seeding quantity is generally 7.5-15kg/hm
2, best seeding quantity 11.25kg/hm
2Effectively the mixed proportion of seeding quantity and invalid seeding quantity is generally 1: 1.0-1: 5, summer paddy optimal proportion is 1: 2-1: 3, spring paddy optimal proportion is 1: 3-1: 4, for conventional variety+double anti-atrazine with by pouncing on clean two anti-near-isogenic line+anti-atrazine near-isogenic line, mixed proportion is two anti-near-isogenic line: anti-atrazine near-isogenic line: conventional variety=1: 0.3: 2.0-3.5.
8, simplification cultivation millet variety cultivation method for matching as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: for the anti-atrazine near-isogenic line of conventional variety+cytoplasm of antiweed not, and the anti-atrazine strain of cytoplasm+the homotype sisters of antiweed are not, before emerging, composite variety sprays 44% millet straw spirit wetting powder, dispenser dosage 0.9kg/hm
2, convert water and be no less than 750kg/hm
2The control weeds, the 2 leaf phases of back of emerging spray 38% atrazine suspending agent, spring paddy dispenser dosage 7.5-9.0kg/hm
2, summer paddy dispenser dosage 6.0-7.5kg/hm
2, convert water and be no less than 750kg/hm
2, realize chemical thinning and weeding simultaneously.
9, simplification cultivation millet variety cultivation method for matching as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: pounce on clean near-isogenic line for anti-the taking of conventional millet variety+cell nucleus, and cell nucleus is anti-, and clean strain+the homotype sisters of antiweed are by pouncing on, before emerging, composite variety sprays 44% millet straw spirit wetting powder, dispenser dosage 0.9kg/hm
2, convert water and be no less than 750kg/hm
2, control broadleaf weed, control monocotyledon weed, 3 leaf phases sprayed 15% by pouncing on emulsion for cleaning 1200ml/hm
2, convert water 750kg/hm
2, realize chemical thinning and weeding for the second time.Or before emerging, not spraying the millet straw spirit, 3 leaf phases sprayed to take to pounce on and spray hundred wealthy clean 600ml/hm after clean 1-2 days
2, convert water 600kg/hm
2
10, simplification cultivation millet variety cultivation method for matching as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: be for double anti-atrazine with by pouncing on clean two anti-strain+anti-atrazine homotype sisters, and the anti-atrazine and take and pounce on clean two anti-strain+anti-atrazine near-isogenic line of holding concurrently, before after planting emerging, composite variety sprays 38% atrazine suspending agent, spring paddy dispenser dosage 6.0kg/hm
2, summer paddy dispenser dosage 4.5kg/hm
2, convert water 750kg/hm
2, can realize chemical weed control for the first time, the 3-4 leaf phase sprays 15% by pouncing on emulsion for cleaning 1200ml/hm
2, convert water 750kg/hm
2, kill monoclonal antibody atrazine type, realize chemical weed control for the second time, and realize chemical thinning; For conventional variety+double anti-atrazine with by pouncing on clean two anti-near-isogenic line+anti-atrazine near-isogenic line, adopt above-mentioned application method can realize twice chemical thinning and weeding, spray atrazine before promptly emerging, kill conventional variety and weeding, can realize chemical thinning for the first time, weeding; If the paddy seedling is still more, the 3-4 leaf phase sprays to take again and pounces on only, kills monoclonal antibody atrazine type and weeding, realizes chemical thinning for the second time, weeding.
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