CN1553858A - 用于层压玻璃的复合中间层 - Google Patents

用于层压玻璃的复合中间层 Download PDF

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CN1553858A
CN1553858A CNA028176332A CN02817633A CN1553858A CN 1553858 A CN1553858 A CN 1553858A CN A028176332 A CNA028176332 A CN A028176332A CN 02817633 A CN02817633 A CN 02817633A CN 1553858 A CN1553858 A CN 1553858A
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J��R��Ī��
J·R·莫兰
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F·G·格尔贝里希
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Abstract

适合用于层压玻璃的复合中间层包括夹在第二和第三聚合物层之间的增塑聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层。在优选的实施方案中，至少一层和优选第二和第三层两者厚度都低于0.125mm(.005英寸)并由脂肪族聚氨酯形成。

Description

用于层压玻璃的复合中间层
                       发明背景
本发明涉及层压玻璃和在其中使用的聚合物层。更具体地说，本发明涉及用于层压玻璃中的多层复合中间层，其中这些层中的一层是增塑的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)。此类层压玻璃的关键性能属性是耐穿透性，它通常由2.27kg(5lb.)落球试验来测定，其中平均破裂高度(MBH)能够由楼梯或能量法测量。在美国用于车辆的汽车挡风玻璃必须通过在ANSI Z26.1法规中所找到的最低耐穿透性规格[在12英尺(3.7米)下100％通过]。在世界上其它地区，也有需要满足的类似法规。在美国和欧洲对于将层压玻璃用于建筑应用中的层压玻璃有特定的法规要求，其中必须满足最低耐穿透性。
该阶梯方法利用一种冲击塔，可使钢珠从该塔各种高度降落在30.5cm×30.5cm(12英寸×12英寸)层压玻璃样品之上。MBH则被定义为50％的样品能托住钢珠和50％的样品发生穿透的球落下高度。该试验层压件水平放置在ANSI Z26.1法规中描述的支承框架上。如果需要，用环境试验室调节层压件达到所需试验温度。通过将样品放置于支承框架中并将球从接近预期MBH的高度降落到层压件样品上，进行试验。如果该球穿透该层压件，则结果记录为失败，和如果球被托住，则结果记录为托住(hold)。如果该结果是托住，则从比前一试验高0.5m的落下高度重复该过程。如果该结果是失败，则从比前一试验低0.5m的落下高度重复该过程。通常需要试验至少十二个层压件，以便获得可靠的结果。重复这一程序，直至全部试验样品均被用过为止。然后将这些结果制成表格，并计算在各落下高度的托住百分数。然后将这些结果按托住百分数对高度作图，把代表数据的最佳拟合线描绘在图上。然后从托住百分数为50％的点处从图表中读出MBH。
能量试验方法应用对冲击层压件的球的能量守恒原理来测定MBH。穿透层压件后球的动能损失等于被层压件吸收的能量。此球冲击该层压件时的动能可根据落下高度计算。球离开层压件后的动能可通过用两个在层压件下方相隔某一已知固定距离的磁场检测线圈测定球速度来确定。通常需要测试至少六个层压件，以便获得可靠的结果。然后用所测动能变化计算MBH。
为了获得玻璃/PVB/玻璃层压件的可接受的耐穿透性，使界面的玻璃/PVB粘合水平维持在大约2-7敲击(Pummel)单位是必不可少的。敲击粘合值达到2到7，优选4到6，即获得可接受的耐穿透性。敲击粘合值低于2时，太多的玻璃从片上掉落，而且在冲击过程中玻璃碎裂以及有关层压件完整性(即层离)和长期耐久性的问题都会产生。在敲击粘合值超过7时，玻璃对片的粘合一般太强并导致具层压件不良能量耗散和低的耐穿透性。
PVB对玻璃的粘合性通过使用通常在层压玻璃工业用于控制质量的敲击粘合试验法来测定(敲击粘合值没有单位)。制备玻璃/PVB/玻璃层压件，调节其至-18℃(0°F)并用1磅(454g)圆头锤手工敲击各件使之玻璃破裂。除去全部未粘附于PVB片上的破碎玻璃。对粘附于片上保留的玻璃用肉眼与已知敲击度的一组标准进行对比，数值越高，保持粘附于片上的玻璃越多；即在零敲击值时没有玻璃被粘附，在敲击值为10时，100％的玻璃被粘附于该片表面。
除了属于测定耐穿透性的重要因素粘合性之外，另一个因素是在层压件上PVB膜厚度。因为用于挡风玻璃生产中的PVB中间层大部份被加热并接着成形/拉伸，以获得与车辆顶线条相符的曲线色带，太高粘合性和薄的PVB中间层的组合会使成品挡风玻璃不符合所要求的耐穿透性能标准。因为在挡风玻璃被层压之后不可能降低粘合性(和达到可接受的耐穿透性)，只要挡风玻璃没能满足最低要求，则挡风玻璃必遭破坏。
为了制造用于层压玻璃场合的可接受的中间层产品，需要花费较大的努力来制造具有一致粘合性能的产品。这要通过严密制造控制树脂、增塑剂和其它组分以及对每一批所产中间层的皮层剥离粘合质量控制评价来完成。PVB中间层也是在某一水分控制水平下制造的，因为中间层水分对于PVB/玻璃粘合水平有很大影响。对消费者一方而言，存在很多影响PVB/玻璃粘合性的因素，其中包括玻璃来源，玻璃洗涤，中间层水分含量，等等。保持层压件组装室和PVB空白板贮存室处在受控制湿度和温度下，防止中间层水分含量的变化，是极其重要的。二次加工操作，如前段描述的PVB成形，能导致PVB中间层水分含量的变化，并对PVB/玻璃粘合性水平和耐穿透性构成明显的伴随影响。常常有可能在各玻璃表面上产生非常不同的粘合行为，或因为玻璃表面清洁度在挡风玻璃内造成变化/斑点状的粘合，导致耐穿透性不合格和质量再次不合格。必须对挡风玻璃生产的小部分进行破坏试验，确保所造产品满足目标敲击粘合性和所需的MBH技术规格。
对于以PVB为基础的层压件的另一个重要性能缺陷是温度对耐穿透性的影响。在-18℃(0°F)下所观察到的MBH是在23℃(73°F)下所达到MBH的大约30-40％。
长时间以来已知，通过适当选择脲烷聚合物结构(尤其，软链段部分)，可使玻璃/聚氨酯/玻璃层压件的耐穿透性对较低试验温度的敏感性大大地减低。
其中PVB中间层没有参与的聚氨酯(PU)中间层的另一个重要用途是在包括玻璃/聚碳酸酯/玻璃在内的专业层压件的制造方面，其中玻璃层压件的耐穿透性主要由聚碳酸酯组分来控制和PU组分主要起层合构造的粘合剂作用。典型用于市场可买到的PVB中间层中的增塑剂似乎会化学侵蚀聚碳酸酯表面，导致微裂/混浊纹理和质量不合格。
玻璃/PU/玻璃层压件典型地显示出PU/玻璃粘合性对高湿度和温度的优良耐受性，与以PVB为基础的层压件相反。
尽管有聚氨酯型的层压件表示出种种益处，但是此类层压件无法取代PVB型层压件，因为聚氨酯聚合物的成本较高。因此，在现有技术中仍然需要能够用于层压玻璃中的中间层，它最大程度地减少了温度和粘合性对所观察到的耐穿透性的影响，而兼有成本较低和与PVB型层压件有关的其它性能。本发明提供了一种具备许多这些益处的复合中间层。
                       发明概述
本发明提供适合用于层压玻璃中的改进复合中间层。在优选的实施方案中，该复合物包括夹在第二和第三聚合物层之间的增塑PVB层。在优选的实施方案中，第二和第三层中的至少一层是厚度低于0.125mm(.005英寸)的聚氨酯。第二和第三层最初都是由在一个优选实施方案中厚度低于0.125mm(.005英寸)的未增塑聚氨酯形成，但是通过PVB中增塑剂的迁移而增塑。在另一个优选实施方案中，增塑的聚氨酯用于形成第二和第三层。
                  优选实施方案的详细说明
本发明涉及用于层压玻璃中的多层复合中间层。在优选的实施方案中，聚氨酯的两个薄层[0.0125-0.125mm(.0005-005英寸)]被夹在增塑的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的芯层周围。本发明的层压件具有与单层聚氨酯类似的一些性能特征，但成本更低。相对于标准玻璃/PVB/玻璃层压件而言的改进包括在高粘合性下耐穿透性高和耐穿透性对试验温度的敏感性更低。
在本发明中，聚氨酯层优选具有低于0.125mm(.005英寸)的厚度。其优选范围是0.025-0.10mm(.001-.004英寸)。该PVB层一般是低于约1.52mm(.060英寸)的厚度和优选在0.38-0.76mm(.015-.030英寸)范围。在该优选实施方案中，该PVB层是0.56-0.70mm(.022-.028英寸)的厚度并被夹在两层聚氨酯之间。
本发明不局限于其中单层PVB被夹在两层聚氨酯之间的几个实施方案。在其它实施方案中，附加的功能层如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜(PET)或涂有IR反射层的PET膜或结构塑料片，如聚碳酸酯片，能够与PVB层和聚氨酯层联合使用。例如，在本发明的范围中的多层复合物可以顺序地包括聚氨酯层，PVB层，聚氨酯层，聚碳酸酯层，和聚氨酯层。另一个实施方案可以包括聚氨酯层，PVB层，PET层，和PVB或聚氨酯层。然而，在其它的实施方案中，单层的聚氨酯仅仅应用于PVB的一侧。此类实施方案能够用于具有聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)层的层压件中。如本领域中技术人员已知的其它组合和其它塑性材料在这里也是可以使用的。
用于本发明的聚氨酯的薄层优选是以脂肪族型聚氨酯为基础，其中包括脂肪族异氰酸酯-聚醚(或聚酯)脲烷，并且优选包括UV稳定剂和抗氧化剂，以便获得在暴露于热和UV光下时所需的稳定性。另外，应优选通过引入硅烷偶联剂或其它合适化学品配制该聚氨酯层，以获得对玻璃的高粘合性。此类技术是本领域中的那些技术人员所公知的。合适的技术公开在US 3,965,057中。
PVB树脂一般通过已知的水性或溶剂缩醛化工艺，使聚乙烯醇聚合物(PVOH)与丁醛在酸催化剂存在下反应，随后进行催化剂的中和，树脂的分离、稳定化和干燥来生产。它是从Solutia Inc.公司商购的Butvar树脂。PVB树脂的重均分子量一般大于70,000，优选约100,000到250,000，通过使用小角度激光散射的尺寸排阻色谱分析法测定。以重量为基础，PVB一般包括低于22％，优选约17-19％的羟基，(按聚乙烯醇(PVOH)计算)；至多10％，优选0-3％的残留酯基(按聚乙烯基酯计算，例如乙酸酯)，而其余部分是乙缩醛，优选丁醛乙缩醛(butyraldehyde acetal)，但任选地包括少量的除丁缩醛之外的乙缩醛基，例如2-乙基己醛。
该片的PVB树脂一般最初用约10-70份和更通常30-45份增塑剂/每百份树脂(pphr)来增塑。在PVB片中增塑剂的最终浓度会是较低的，这取决于所发生的迁移量。所发生的迁移量可通过许多因素来控制，对这些将在下面更详细地讨论。通常使用的增塑剂是多元酸或多元醇的酯类。合适增塑剂是三甘醇二-(2-乙基丁酸酯)，三甘醇二-(2-乙基己酸酯)，四甘醇二庚酸酯，己二酸二己酯，己二酸二辛酯，庚基和壬基己二酸酯的混合物，癸二酸二丁酯，聚合物增塑剂如油改性的癸二酸醇酸树脂，和磷酸酯和己二酸酯的混合物，己二酸酯类和邻苯二甲酸烷基苄酯类以及从C4-C9烷基醇和环C4-C10醇制得的混合己二酸酯类。C6-C8己二酸酯类如己二酸二己酯是优选的增塑剂。更优选的增塑剂是三甘醇二(2-乙基己酸酯)。增塑剂的用量是改进和控制PVB的劲度的方便措施。劲度的有用替代性能是玻璃化转变温度(Tg)，与增塑剂的量直接有关系。用于本发明的聚合物复合物中的增塑PVB组分一般在增塑剂平衡建立之后玻璃化转变温度Tg为约30-45℃。典型测得本发明的聚氨酯聚合物组分的软链段的玻璃化转变温度是约-50℃到-60℃。
这里所使用的，中间层材料如增塑的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛和聚氨酯聚合物的玻璃化转变温度可通过流变测定动态分析来测定，例如测量峰值tanδ，它是剪切损耗模量(G”)与剪切贮能模量(G’)的比率，或者，作为替代，为拉伸损耗模量(E”)与拉伸贮能模量(E’)的比率。这里对PVB所报道的数值是通过使用下列程序通过剪切模型分析来测定的。例如，将该热塑性聚合物材料模塑成型为25毫米(mm)直径的样品圆盘。把该聚合物样品圆盘放置在流变动态光谱仪(Rheometrics DynamicSpectrometer)II型的两个25mm直径平行板试验台之间。当聚合物样品圆盘的温度以2℃/分钟的速率从-20℃提高至70℃时，以剪切模式在1赫兹振动频率下对该聚合物样品圆盘进行测试。按与温度的关系描绘的tanδ(阻尼)最大值的位置确定Tg。实验显示，该方法可以在+/-1℃内再现。
重要的是应该指出，在此优选实施方案中该组合PU/PVB/PU的复合物的PU组分含有一定量的从PVB层迁移出的增塑剂。这一含量可通过PVB层中增塑剂的迁移来控制，且取决于增塑剂在聚氨酯和PVB层之间的分配。能够测定和用于预测增塑剂迁移和这些层平衡组成的分配系数受到聚氨酯层组成、所用增塑剂类型和所用PVB树脂羟基含量之影响。在增塑PVB和PU层之间的界面拓扑结构主要由制造方法(例如共挤出，挤出涂覆，等等)来控制，一旦这些层组合之后它会影响达到平衡的速率。然而，可以认识到，能够构造一些复合物，使其中不发生迁移或发生从PU层到PVB层的增塑剂迁移。
将UV吸收剂引入该PVB中常常也是有用的或令人想望的。除增塑剂，和任选的UV吸收剂之外，PVB片可以含有其它的性能增强添加剂，如用于着色该片的全部或一部分的颜料或染料，抗氧化剂等等。一般不需要将粘合控制剂添加到PVB片组分中，因为PVB/玻璃粘合性一般不应该是这一应用所考虑的。通过对掺混后的增塑剂和其它添加剂(例如UV吸收剂等等)与PVB树脂进行混合，并在压力下迫使该混合物通过模口形成片，来制备PVB片。
本发明的层压件能够通过本领域中的那些技术人员已知的普通方法来制备。为了获得光滑的界面拓扑结构和可接受的界面光学性能，用于结合该PU和增塑的PVB层的优选加工方法是共挤出。通过对PVB和PU组成的合适选择，获得所需的相容性，使PU/PVB/PU复合物能以低水平再掺混到PVB芯层中，使材料有效利用和成本较低而无对层压件质量的不利影响，是有可能的。不太优选的加工方法包括挤出涂覆，随后双片层压和双程挤出涂覆。然而，用这些不太优选的方法，对PU/PVB界面拓扑结构需要小心地控制，否则会遇到不希望有的光学混浊纹理，即使PU和PVB组分的折射指数非常适合也会如此。
片材表面粗糙度常常被本领域中技术人员认为是熔体破裂的现象而产生的，而这些所需特性可通过挤出物模口的设计来得到。在挤出片材的一面或两面上形成粗糙表面的其它已知技术包括规定或控制下列因素中的一种：聚合物分子量分布，熔体的水含量和温度。这些技术公开在US 2,904,844；2,909,810；3,994,654；4,575,540和EP0185,863中。在模头下游对片材压花也可用于产生所需的表面粗糙度。对可与本发明一起使用的具有规则图案表面的压花塑料片件的实例已描述在US 5,425,977和5,455,103中。这种表面粗糙度是促进在初始层压件加工过程中玻璃/增塑PU界面的脱气所需要的，而在后续的高压釜层压中又被完全除去。
本发明的多层聚合物层压件优选用于层压玻璃中，其中层压件被夹在两片玻璃之间。在其它实施方案中，可使聚碳酸酯的片件附加于复合中间层上。玻璃片可以是任何类型玻璃的任何组合，包括透明玻璃和着色玻璃，并包括退火的，热增强或钢化的玻璃。本发明的复合层压材料具有以下优点：它能以同样的方式使用并能用与形成普通安全玻璃层压件所用的相同设备来层压；例如，形成含有单层增塑的PVB保护膜的安全玻璃层压件的工艺。典型的工业用的安全玻璃层压过程包括下面的步骤：
(1)手工组装两片玻璃和多层聚合物层压件；
(2)使该组装体在室温下通过压挤辊，以逐出夹带的空气；
(3)利用IR辐射或对流方式短时间加热该组装体，典型地直到达到约100℃的玻璃表面温度为止；
(4)使该热组装体通过第二对的挤压辊而使组装体具有足够的暂时粘合性以密封该层压件的边缘和允许进一步后处理，和
(5)利用高压釜将该组合件典型地在130-150℃的温度下和在1050-1275kN/sq.m的压力下处理大约30到90分钟。
现有技术中已知的和在工业上可以实施的用于塑料/玻璃界面的脱气和边缘密封(步骤2-4)的其它方式包括真空袋和真空环工艺，其中应用真空来除去空气。
本发明与用于玻璃层压件中的现有技术中间层相比具备许多优点。这些改进包括在高粘合性下耐穿透性高和耐穿透性对温度的敏感性低得多。另外，对于本发明，水分对粘合性的影响更小。
                         实施例1-6
对一系列的样品进行测试以说明各种玻璃层压件在粘合性和温度与耐穿透性之间的关系。表I中的下列结果说明了在23℃(73°F)和-18℃(0°F)下敲击粘合性和中间层/复合物类型对于耐穿透性的影响。
                                                      表I
  Ex# 描述     厚度mm(英寸)     敲击  试验温度     MBH米(ft)   试验温度(℃)     MBH米(ft)
  1 0.10mm PU/0.56 PVB/0.10mm PU(.004″PU/.022″PVB/.004″PU)     0.76(.030)     8.6  24℃     8.5(27.8)   -18     5.3(17.4)
  2 增塑的PVB片(SaflexRB41)     0.76(.030)     7.4  24℃     4.7(15.5)   -18     1.3(4.3)
  3 增塑的PVB片(SaflexRC41)     0.76(.030)     3.8  24℃     7.2(23.5)   -18     2.1(6.9)
  4 0.33mm PVB/0.10 PU/0.33mm PVB(.013″PVB/.004″PU/.013″PVB)     0.76(.030)     7.1  24℃     4.0(13.1)   -18
  5 0.33mm PVB/0.10 PU/0.33mm PVB(.013″PVB/.004″PU/.013″PVB)     0.76(.030)     4.4  24℃     7.7(25.2)   -18     2.8(9.2)
  6 PU(AG8451)     0.76(.030)     7.6  24℃     5.0(16.4)   -18     5.2(17.1)
注：
1.在以上表I中用于实施例1，4-6的AG8451 PU是用在层压玻璃上的可从Thermedics Inc.of Woburn，MA商购的脂肪族异氰酸酯聚醚型聚氨酯膜。它含有功能性化学品以便为玻璃提供高粘合性。
2.在表I中示出的耐穿透性试验是通过使用2.27kg(5lb.)落球试验(能量法)针对30cm×30cm(12英寸×12英寸)玻璃层压件来进行。
3.用于实施例2和3的PVB片是标准的，由Solutia Inc.公司用3GEH(三甘醇二-2-乙基己酸酯)增塑剂制造并可商购的SaflexPVB中间层。除了厚度的差异之外，用于实施例1，4和5的PVB片与用于实施例2和3的片是可比的。
4.在实施例1，4和5中描述的各种复合物通过手工组合各组分来制备。相应的玻璃层压件通过使用用于玻璃/PVB/玻璃层压件的典型压挤辊脱气/高压釜层压条件来制造。
在实施例1和实施例2-3之间试验结果的对比说明，在作为权利来要求的本发明实施例(1)和标准玻璃/PVB/玻璃对比实施例2和3之间，在高的玻璃粘合性水平和低的试验温度下的优异耐穿透性。
实施例4和5显示，与标准PVB层压件(实施例2和3)对比，聚氨酯作为芯层的引入不会显著地影响在PVB/玻璃粘合性和耐穿透性之间的预期关系。同样，在由此类PVB/PU/PVB多层制造的层压件的试验温度和耐穿透性之间的关系也类似于对单层PVB层压件所观察到的关系(对比实施例5-对-实施例3和实施例4-对-实施例2)。
实施例#6，它是使用与实施例#1相同的PU的玻璃/PU/玻璃层压件，显示了耐穿透性对试验温度的敏感性低，但却在比本发明的实施例#1低得多的水平上。
                   实施例7-10
在表II中示出的实施例说明了在这些层被组合之后在PVB和PU组分两者中发生的组成变化(增塑剂迁移)。所示结果是以经验模型为基础，此模型通过单独测定PVB和PU聚合物的增塑剂吸收率和接着计算各聚合物分配系数的方法来建立-其方法在下面进行解释。这些实施例也强调了对复合物为重要考虑因素的各种性能的变化(玻璃化转变温度，Tg和折射指数，RI)。这些实施例也说明了不同厚度的使用如何导致了不同的复合结构(即，对于各组分的不同平衡增塑剂含量)，它们会影响物理性能(模量/劲度)，流变性(例如在层压件组装过程中的处理特性和在高压釜层压过程中的流动特性)和光学性质(RI不匹配和对混浊纹理的伴随影响)。
各类型聚氨酯聚合物的分配系数(Kd)是通过在一定体积的三甘醇二(2-乙基己酸酯)增塑剂中浸泡各聚氨酯和增塑PVB膜24小时和用重量分析法测定相对平衡浓度的方法来确定的。[Kd＝pphr(PU)/pphr(PVB)]模型的经验证实是通过手工组装PU/PVB/PU复合物，使之平衡建立，然后进行各层的增塑剂分析(利用萃取法)来进行。该模型显示是相当精确的，而且发现组成平衡建立相当快速和不需要高压釜层压来引起变化。
                                                                表II
    Ex.#     PU厚度mm(英寸)    PVB厚度mm(英寸)   pphrPVB(初始)    pphrPVB(最终)     Tg，℃(PVB)     RIPVB(最终)     pphrPU(最终)     RIPU(最终)     ΔRIRIPVB-RIPU
                                                              AG 8451
    7     0.025(.001)    0.71(.028)   38    35.0     33.1     1.481     30.8     1.484     -.003
    8     0.10(.004)    0.56(.022)   38    26.4     40.0     1.483     23.2     1.487     -.004
                                                             AG 5050
    9     0.025(.001)    0.71(.028)   38    33.5     34.3     1.481     45.9     1.474     +.007
    10     0.10(.004)    0.56(.022)   38    22.5     43.1     1.484     30.9     1.480     +.004
注：
1.PU/PVB/PU复合结构用于全部实施例。规定的PU厚度是对复合物各PU层的。
2.分配系数＝Kd＝Phr(PU)/Phr(PVB)
AG5050＝1.37；AG8451＝0.88
3.PU(未增塑的)和PVB(38pphr)组分的初始折射指数(RI)是如下：
AG8451：1.496
AG5050：1.492
PVB(38phr)：1.480
4.AG5050 PU是从Thermedics Inc.of Woburn，MA.商购的用在层压玻璃上的脂肪族异氰酸酯聚醚型聚氨酯膜。含有功能性化学品以便为玻璃提供高粘合性。
5.组合前PVB(38pphr)的Tg～31℃。
尽管本发明已经针对目前的优选实施方案进行了描述，但是本领域中的技术人员会认识到，在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的前提下能够对所公开的实施方案作许多变化。因此，本发明的范围由所附各项权利要求而不是前面的叙述来定义。

Claims (24)

1.一种多层复合物，包括：
包含增塑的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛并具有顶面和底面的第一层；
与第一层的顶面相邻的第二层；和
与第一层的底面相邻的第三层；其中第二和第三层中的至少一层包含具有低于0.125mm(.005英寸)厚度的增塑的聚氨酯。
2.权利要求1的复合物，其中第二和第三层两者都包含厚度低于0.125mm(.005英寸)的聚氨酯。
3.权利要求1的复合物，其中该聚氨酯层包含脂肪族型聚氨酯。
4.权利要求1的复合物，进一步包括与第二层相邻的第一玻璃层。
5.权利要求4的复合物，进一步包括与第三层相邻的第二玻璃层。
6.权利要求2的复合物，其中该聚氨酯是通过在这些层被组合之后由第一层迁移的增塑剂所增塑。
7.权利要求6的复合物，进一步包括与第二层相邻的第一玻璃层。
8.权利要求7的复合物，进一步包括与第三层相邻的第二玻璃层。
9.一种多层复合物，包括：
从增塑的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛形成的第一层；和
与第一层相邻的第二层，所述第二层包含增塑聚氨酯，其中在形成复合物之前增塑剂被加入到聚氨酯中。
10.权利要求9的复合物，进一步包括与第一层相邻的第三层，所述第三层包含增塑聚氨酯。
11.权利要求9的复合物，其中这些层的增塑剂浓度处于平衡。
12.权利要求10的复合物，其中这些层的增塑剂浓度处于平衡。
13.权利要求11的复合物，其中第二层的厚度是低于0.125mm(.005英寸)。
14.权利要求12的复合物，其中第二层的厚度是低于0.125mm(.005英寸)。
15.权利要求14的复合物，其中第三层的厚度是低于0.125mm(.005英寸)。
16.权利要求12的复合物，进一步包括与第二层相邻的第一玻璃层。
17.权利要求16的复合物，进一步包括与第三层相邻的第二玻璃层。
18.一种多层复合物，包括：
包含聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的第一层；和
增塑聚氨酯的第二层，所述第二层具有低于0.125mm(.005英寸)的厚度，该第二层附着于第一层的第一面。
19.权利要求18的复合物，进一步包括附着于第一层的第二面上的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯层。
20.权利要求18的复合物，进一步包括相邻于第二层的聚碳酸酯层。
21.一种形成多层复合物的方法，该方法包括：
形成包含增塑聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的第一层和包含增塑聚氨酯的与第一层相邻的第二层；和
在形成步骤过程中或之后在这些层之间传递增塑剂。
22.权利要求21的方法，用于形成适合用于玻璃层压件中的多层复合物，该方法包括：
在其中的增塑剂能够从聚乙烯醇缩丁醛迁移到聚氨酯中的条件下，共挤出包含增塑聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的第一层和与该第一层相邻的包含聚氨酯的第二层。
23.权利要求22的用于形成适合用于玻璃层压件中多层复合物的方法，包括在其中增塑剂能够从聚乙烯醇缩丁醛迁移到第二和第三层中的条件下，共挤出包含增塑聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的第一层，相邻于第一层顶面的包含聚氨酯的第二层，和相邻于第一层底面的包含聚氨酯的第三层。
24.权利要求21的用于形成多层复合物的方法，该方法包括：
形成包含增塑聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的第一层和相邻于第一层的包含增塑聚氨酯的第二层，所述第二层的厚度低于0.125mm(.005英寸)。
CNB028176332A 2001-07-11 2002-07-05 用于层压玻璃的复合中间层 Expired - Fee Related CN100418762C (zh)

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