CN1551867A - 七氟-2-丙烷磺酸盐和其在电学技术中的应用 - Google Patents
七氟-2-丙烷磺酸盐和其在电学技术中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- tetraalkylammonium
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- SNHPHIVOTMMDRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane-2-sulfonic acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F SNHPHIVOTMMDRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 11
- -1 alkalimetal salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000005621 tetraalkylammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XBWQFDNGNOOMDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F XBWQFDNGNOOMDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005622 tetraalkylammonium hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006574 non-aromatic ring group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005497 tetraalkylphosphonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- JEBJGWOZEBNRFH-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F JEBJGWOZEBNRFH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001515 alkali metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YYBMGVRXEFBHTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane-2-sulfonyl fluoride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)S(F)(=O)=O YYBMGVRXEFBHTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004293 19F NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LAPDOIBRBOGRLP-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane-2-sulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F LAPDOIBRBOGRLP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical group O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-WFGJKAKNSA-N acetone d6 Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])C(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] CSCPPACGZOOCGX-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 101150047356 dec-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000004870 electrical engineering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003948 formamides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940006487 lithium cation Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl difluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(=O)=O OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIHVFFFGWFBSAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-difluoropropanedioic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C(F)(F)C(O)=O LIHVFFFGWFBSAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCCS1(=O)=O PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006824 Eschweiler-Clarke methylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical class O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005935 Sulfuryl fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003842 bromide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005265 dialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011034 membrane dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- NNCAWEWCFVZOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N mepiquat Chemical class C[N+]1(C)CCCCC1 NNCAWEWCFVZOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004040 pyrrolidinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009491 slugging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZMQDTYVODWKHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COP(=O)(OCC(F)(F)F)OCC(F)(F)F ZMQDTYVODWKHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C309/00—Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
- C07C309/01—Sulfonic acids
- C07C309/02—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C309/03—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
- C07C309/06—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton containing halogen atoms, or nitro or nitroso groups bound to the carbon skeleton
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
- H01G11/06—Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
- H01M2300/004—Three solvents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明涉及七氟－2－丙烷磺酸的碱金属盐、四烷基铵盐和鏻盐，所述盐适用于电学技术，例如用作为电池或在电容器中的导电盐。
Description
说明书
本发明涉及新的七氟-2-丙烷磺酸盐和其在电学技术中的应用。
某些阴离子的碱金属和四烷基铵盐可用于电学技术。四烷基铵盐例如用于双层-电容器。碱金属盐，特别是六氟磷酸阴离子、四氟硼酸阴离子、四氟烷基磺酸阴离子或二-三氟烷基磺酰亚胺的锂盐。所述分别使用的导电盐以此目的溶于电解液溶剂中。很合适的电解液溶剂例如是亚烷基碳酸酯、二烷基碳酸酯、醚、甲酰胺、环丁砜或甲基环丁砜以及乙腈，其它含氮化合物如硝基甲烷或吡咯烷酮。这样的化合物Makoto Ue，Kazuhiko Ida和Shoichiro Mori在J.Electrochem.Soc.141(1994)2989-2996页中有总结。氟化的磷酸酯，例如三(三氟乙基)磷酸酯的所述可应用性在EP-A 825 664中被公开，膦酸或次膦酸的酯被US-A 6,210,840公开。
已经发现，某些碱金属和四烷基铵盐非常适用于电学技术，例如可用作为电池或电容器中的导电盐。
本发明提供了通式(I)的化合物，
(CF3)2CFSO3 -M+ (I)，其中M+为Li+、Na+、K+、Cs+、Rb+、R4P+或R4N+，其中4个烷基R可以为相同或不同的C1-C4-烷基或至少2个R-基团含有氮或磷并形成一个非芳族的环系统。
大约作为中间产物所需要的全氟异丙基磺酰氟(也称为七氟-2-丙烷磺酸-氟化物)可以由相应的异丙烷磺酰卤通过电解在无水氢氟酸下制备而成，见例如US-专利3,809,711。
Stanley Temple在J.Org.Chem.33(1968)344-346页中推荐另一种制备方式。其中硫酰氟加成到六氟丙烯上。作为催化剂使用氟化铯或还有四乙基铵溴化物。
用于式(I)的化合物的碱金属盐的制备提供有两种很好的方法。第一种方法从七氟-2-丙烷磺酰氟通过与氢氧化钙的反应首先生成相应的钙盐。所述钙盐然后与硫酸转化为适宜的磺酸。所述游离的磺酸再次与碱金属氢氧化物反应形成碱金属盐。第二种方法允许通过七氟-2-丙烷磺酰氟与两个当量的碱金属氢氧化物直接制备碱金属盐。
七氟-2-丙烷磺酸的铵盐和鏻盐的制备可以按照已知的合成途径进行。鏻盐的制备可以例如根据Kang Xu，Michael S.Ding和T.Richard Jow在Journal of The E1ectrochemical Soc.，148(3)A267-A274(2001)中的发表进行。所述公开在表1中于“Ue-MoriProcess”的称谓下给出一种鏻盐的制备。其中三烷基膦(Trialkylphosphin)与二烷基碳酸盐在甲醇中于100℃反应分别根据二烷基碳酸盐的选择可以产生鏻盐，其中所有四个取代基R相同，或其中至少一个取代基R与另外三个取代基不同。膦(phosphins)与二烷基碳酸盐的反应首先产生四烷基鏻烷基碳酸盐，其中在加入七氟-2-丙烷磺酸下反应形成所需的盐。这种方法符合已经引用的在KangXu及其合作者的发表文献中的“Ue-Mori Process”。
制备四烷基铵盐的另外的方法，首先在所谓的“Menschutkin-反应”中由三烷基胺和烷基卤化物产生四烷基季铵卤盐(quaternaereTetraalkylammoniumhalogenid-Salz)。
以这种方式所得的卤盐，例如溴化物或氯化物，可以用不同途径转化为所希望的产物。所述四烷基铵卤化物可以例如与碱金属盐例如钠盐，将七氟-2-丙烷磺酸在膜透析下转化分离所形成的碱金属卤化物。另一种方法，四烷基铵卤化物与碱金属盐例如钠盐，将七氟-2-丙烷磺酸在所形成的产物通过例如二氯甲烷的连续萃取下转化。所述碱金属卤化物，例如以溴化钠的形式保留在水相中。
另外一种方法，首先将四烷基铵卤化物转化为四烷基铵氢氧化物。通过加入例如KOH和甲醇使之成为可能；也可能通过电解或通过离子交换树脂。所获得的四烷基铵氢氧化物随后与七氟-2-丙烷磺酸反应形成所述酸的所希望的四烷基铵盐。
具有三种不同类型的取代基R的氨基阳离子的制备在Kang Xu及其合作者发表的表1中作为“Eschweiler-Clarke and Ue-MoriProcess”方法描述。二烷基胺将首先与乙酸中的乙醛反应生成二烷基乙基胺并随后与二烷基碳酸季铵化。
以类似的途径也可以制备氨基阳离子，其中至少两个R基团形成一个含有氮原子的环，所述环系统优选在环中具有五、六或七个原子。
一些四烷基铵阳离子是以氢氧化物的形式的商购产物，它们可以随后与七氟-2-丙烷磺酸反应生成所希望的盐。
优选M+为Li+或R4N+，在四烷基胺阳离子中取代基R优选为甲基或乙基；在此四个取代基R相同或不同。例如这样的阳离子为Me4N+、Me3EtN+、n-Pr3MeN+、i-Pr2EtMeN+、n-Bu3MeN+、Me4P+、Et4P+、Et4N+、Et3MeP+、n-Bu3MeP+以及N，N-二甲基哌啶鎓盐。
所述提供的通式(I)的化合物非常适用于电学技术的应用，例如作为导电盐溶解在溶剂中(电解液)。七氟丙烷磺酸的四烷基铵盐和四烷基鏻盐可以例如用于电容器。在此涉及电化学能量储存器的双层电容器。当负载等压时在可极性化的电极和电解液溶液之间产生的电负荷在电双层中储存。这类电容器被作为“记忆支持(Memory backup)”-装置使用于许多电子仪器和需要大量的高电流强度的短暂电流冲击之处，例如电动汽车。可用的溶剂在所引用的Makoto Ue及其合作者的文献中给出。
所述碱金属盐，特别是锂阳离子特别适合作为导电盐用于可再充电的电池。特别是锂离子电池。基于优选的锂盐的这种优选的应用进一步阐明本发明。
锂阳离子电池含有在溶剂中或在溶剂混合物中溶解的导电盐。这在上述Ue及其合作者的公开文献中所提及的溶剂以纯的或混合的形式也可用于锂阳离子电池的应用范围。特别很好地可使用的是例如二烷基碳酸酯、亚烷基碳酸酯、内酯和甲酰胺。经氟取代的有机化合物同样可作为溶剂或作为附加溶剂使用；其优点为，其具有抑制火焰的作用。良好地可使用的例如是在EP-A 0 807 986中所描述的含氟的醚、在EP-A 0 887 874中所描述的部分氟化的碳酸酯、WO 01/383 19的二氧戊环酮、未在先公开的德国申请…(100 04 978.1)的脒全氟化的C2-C5-羧酸、未在先公开的德国申请…(101 13 902.4)的氟化的烷基碳酸、未在先公开的德国申请…(100 37 627.4)的二氟丙二酸酯，和在WO 00/38264中公开的亚烷基桥连的二酯。氟化羧酸的二烷基酰胺也是非常有利的，例如三氟乙酸的N，N-二烷基酰胺，其例如在WO00/38259中公开的。“烷基”在此优选C1-C4-烷基。非常合适的还有经氟取代的磷酸酯、膦酸酯和次膦酸酯，其在上文中已经提及并例如在EP-A 825 664或US-A 6,210,840中提及。
除了通式(I)的化合物在电学技术中的应用，特别是作为导电盐用于电池和电容器，含有通式(I)的化合物以及电解液溶剂或电解液溶剂混合物的电解液，同样是本发明的主题。含有通式(I)的化合物的电解液，其中M+为Na+、K+、Cs+、Rb+或Li+离子的优选用于电池，特别是锂离子电池；本发明的具有通式(I)的电解液，其中M+为四烷基铵离子或四烷基鏻离子的，优选用于电容器。所述优选的盐和优选的溶剂或溶剂混合物已在上文描述了。本发明的主题还有含有通式(I)的化合物的电池，优选锂离子-电池。上述优选的盐和溶剂在此也适用。
最后含有通式(I)的化合物的电容器也是本发明的主题，特别是具有电双层的电容器，如其例如在上述Ue及其合作者的发表文献中有描述。优选的电解液(溶解的盐和溶剂)在上文中已经提到。
根据本发明的通式(I)的化合物的优点是，其高的水解和热的稳定性例如对比于经常使用的LiPF6。
下述实施例应该进一步阐明本发明，而非限制于其范围内。
实例例1：七氟-2-丙烷磺酸锂盐的制备，(CF3)2CFSO3Li
方法1：通过钙盐和游离的酸
a)
将七氟-2-丙烷磺酰氟化物(50.4g；0.2mol；252g/mol)在封闭的反应容器中与氢氧化钙浆稠物(16.3g；0.22mol；74g/mol)在50ml水中8小时室温下搅拌。将水性溶液从产生的CaF2中滤去并浓缩干燥。[(CF3)2CFSO3]2Ca(62.4g；0.11mol；538g/mol)的产率为58.0％。
[(CF3)2CFSO3]2Ca在D6-丙酮中
13C-NMR 95.55ppm(CF，七峰的二峰)；120.55ppm(CF3，四峰的二峰)
19F-NMR -73.47ppm(CF3，双峰)；-172.87ppm(CF，七峰)
b)
步骤a)的经干燥的[(CF3)2CFSO3]2Ca(53.8g；0.1mol；538g/mol)与过量的100％硫酸反应。游离的磺酸(CF3)2CFSO3H直接从反应混合物中真空蒸馏分离，(CF3)2CFSO3H的产率(15.7g；0.0628mol；250g/mol)为62.8％。
(CF3)2CFSO3H于D2O中
13C-NMR 93.68ppm(CF，七峰的二峰)；118.62ppm(CF3，四峰的二峰)
19F-NMR -74.22ppm(CF3，双峰)；-173.08ppm(CF，七峰)
c)
步骤b)的(CF3)2CFSO3H(10.0g；0.04mol；250g/mol)在水溶液中与LiOH(0.96g；0.04mol；24g/mol)中和并浓缩干燥。(CF3)2CFSO3Li(9.7g；0.038mol；256g/mol)的产率为95.0％。
(CF3)2CFSO3Li在D6-丙酮中
13C-NMR 95.55ppm(CF，七峰的二峰)；121.16ppm(CF3，四峰的二峰)
19F-NMR -73.18ppm(CF3，双峰)；-172.78ppm(CF，七峰)
方法2：直接从磺酰氟化物和碱
将七氟-2-丙烷磺酰氟化物(25.2g；0.1mol；252g/mol)在封闭的反应容器中与氢氧化锂(4.8g；0.2mol；24g/mol)在30ml水中24小时室温下搅拌。将水溶液浓缩干燥。剩余物用有机溶剂例如二甲基碳酸酯萃取，以便将产生的(CF3)2CFSO3Li与LiF分离。所述游击相被干燥并随即浓缩。(CF3)2CFSO3Li(20.7g；0.0808mol；256g/mol)的产率为80.8％。所得产物与根据方法1所获得的产物相同。
实施例2：具有七氟-2-丙烷磺酸盐的电解液
通过盐在各种溶剂混合物中溶解制备电解液，在此在实施例2.2或2.4中的值设为2mol/l，尚未是溶解性的临界。所应用的溶剂和盐浓度总结于表1。
在此观察到，通常盐浓度为1mol/l在锂离子电池中使用。由本发明的锂盐的高溶解性可以得出，具有锂盐的锂离子电池在低温下也能使用，而不必担心盐的沉淀。
表1具有七氟-2-丙烷磺酸锂盐的电解液
| 实施例 | 盐浓度 | 溶剂(体积∶体积)1) |
| 2.1.2.2.2.3.2.4. | 1mol/升2mol/升1mol/升2mol/升 | EC∶DEC 1∶1EC∶DEC 1∶1EC∶PC∶DMC 1∶1∶3EC∶PC∶DMC 1∶1∶3 |
1)EC＝亚乙基碳酸盐 PC＝亚丙基碳酸盐
DEC＝二乙基碳酸盐 DMC＝二甲基碳酸盐
Claims (9)
1.通式I的化合物
(CF3)2CFSO3 -M+ (I)
其中M+为K+、Na+、Li+、Cs+、Rb+、R4P+或R4N+，其中4个烷基R可以为相同或不同且为C1-C4-烷基或至少2个R-基团含有氮或磷并形成一个非芳族的环系统。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，M+为Li+或R4N+，其中4个取代基R可以为相同或不同且为C1-C2-烷基。
3.制备通式(I)的化合物的方法，
A)其中为了制备碱金属盐
a)(CF3)2CFSO2F优选在水性溶液中与碱金属氢氧化物反应，并从所形成的碱金属氟化物中分离形成的七氟丙烷磺酸碱金属盐，或
b)(CF3)2CFSO2F优选在水性溶液中与Ca(OH)2反应，并从沉淀的氟化钙中分离所形成七氟丙烷磺酸钙，所述七氟丙烷磺酸钙用酸，优选用硫酸转化为七氟丙烷磺酸和所用酸的钙盐，并且该七氟丙烷磺酸优选在水性溶液中与碱金属氢氧化物反应形成七氟丙烷磺酸碱金属盐，或
B)其中为了制备四烷基铵盐
a)四烷基铵卤化物与七氟丙烷磺酸的碱金属盐反应并分离所形成的七氟丙烷磺酸四烷基铵，或
b)四烷基铵氢氧化物与七氟丙烷磺酸反应，或
c)其中为了制备四烷基铵盐或四烷基鏻盐将烷基碳酸四烷基铵或烷基碳酸四烷基鏻与七氟丙烷磺酸反应。
4.通式(I)的化合物在电学技术中的应用。
5.根据权利要求4的用途，其中通式(I)的化合物，其中M+为Na+、K+、Cs+、Rb+或优选Li+，作为电池，特别是锂离子电池的导电盐。
6.通式(I)的化合物的应用，其中M+为R4P+或R4N+，作为电容器的导电盐。
7.含有一种或多种通式(I)的化合物作为导电盐和电解液溶剂的电解液。
8.含有权利要求7的电解液的电池，其中M+优选为Li+。
9.含有通式(I)的化合物的电容器，其中M+优选为R4P+或R4N+。
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