CN1543670A - 具有波形槽的化学机械抛光垫 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种形成在抛光表面上的化学机械抛光垫,它带有多个具有不同半径而相同形状的同心波形槽。各槽具有一要求的深度、宽度和形状。该化学机械抛光垫在抛光过程中提供了有效地控制膏剂流动的效果,从而在抛光过程中达到抛光率上的稳定性,并提高了晶片平面化程度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于化学机械抛光工艺过程的抛光垫,具体来说,涉及一种形成在其抛光表面上的化学机械抛光垫,它带有多个不同直径的波形同心槽,各槽具有要求的深度、宽度和形状。
背景技术
一般来说,化学机械抛光(CMP)是在半导体器件制造过程中用来获得整体平面化的高精度/镜面表面抛光方法。根据这样的化学机械抛光,一种膏剂添加在抛光垫和被抛光的晶片之间,以便用化学方法蚀刻晶片表面。使用抛光垫,晶片的蚀刻表面被机械地抛光。
参照图1,示意地示出一典型的化学机械抛光机1。再者,一使用化学机械抛光机1的化学机械抛光方法示意地示于图2中。化学机械抛光方法包括一化学蚀刻反应过程和一机械抛光过程,它们利用包含在化学机械抛光机1内的一抛光垫10来实施。化学蚀刻反应通过一膏剂42来执行。即,膏剂42起作与被抛光的晶片30的表面发生化学反应,由此,在化学蚀刻反应之后,才有可能使机械抛光过程容易进行。在机械抛光过程中,固定地安装在一压盘20上的抛光垫10旋转。被一保持器环32牢固地夹持的晶片30旋转同时振动。含有研磨颗粒的膏剂通过一膏剂供应装置40供应到抛光垫10上。供应的膏剂引入到抛光垫10与晶片30之间。借助于抛光垫10与晶片30之间的相对的转动速度差,引入的研磨颗粒与晶片30发生摩擦接触,这样,它们进行机械抛光。膏剂42是含有具毫微米颗粒尺寸的研磨颗粒的胶状液体。在抛光过程中,膏剂42散布在抛光垫10上。在抛光过程中,随着抛光垫10的转动,由于抛光垫10的转动造成的离心力,使供应到抛光垫10上的膏剂42从抛光垫10的周缘向外流出。为了达到一提高的抛光效率,许多研磨颗粒应在一要求的时间段内保持在抛光垫10的上表面上,以使它们参与晶片的抛光过程。即,抛光垫10应使膏剂42在尽可能长的时间段内保持在其表面上。
在化学机械抛光垫转动过程中产生的离心力在越靠近抛光垫周缘的位置处越大。由于抛光垫上不同的径向位置之间的这种离心力的差异,在抛光垫上的膏剂随着其接近抛光垫的周缘而呈现一增加的流量。因此,膏剂沿抛光垫的径向呈非均匀分布。由于膏剂的这种非均匀分布,晶片被非均匀地抛光,因为根据抛光垫与晶片表面接触的径向位置,其抛光率发生变化。抛光率的这种变化影响晶片的平面化。其结果,抛光垫在其中心部分与其周缘部分之间显现相当大的抛光率差。由于这个原因,必须通过控制抛光垫上的膏剂的流动来均匀地将膏剂分布在抛光垫上。
在抛光过程中,晶片受压抵靠在抛光垫上,以使它与研磨颗粒摩擦接触。然而,由于该压力,可使膏剂难于到达晶片的中心部分。为此原因,与在晶片周缘部分处的膏剂量相比,膏剂在晶片中心部分处的分布量相对地减小。其结果,晶片受到不均匀的抛光。
为了解决这样一问题,有人提出一种方法,其中,具有要求的宽度、深度和形状的孔或槽形成在一化学机械抛光垫上。这样的孔或槽在抛光过程中用来控制连续供应的膏剂的流动和分布。
现将结合附图来描述用传统方法在抛光垫上形成孔或槽。
图3a是一示意图,示出形成有对应地具有同心圆形式的槽的抛光垫。图3b是沿图3a的线″A-A″截取的截面图。如图3a和3b所示,形成在抛光垫上的槽具有沿径向彼此均匀间隔的同心圆的形式,同时分别具有不同的直径。连续地供应到抛光垫上的膏剂在随着抛光垫旋转而产生的离心力的作用下,被迫使向外移动。其结果,在抛光的过程中,膏剂暂时被收集在同心的圆形槽内,然后,从这些槽中向外排出。这样同心圆的槽的实例公开在美国专利5,984,769中。
图4a是一示意图,示出形成有具有格子形式的槽的抛光垫。图4b是示出图4a的格子形状的槽的截面图。示于图4a中的抛光垫具有多个沿X轴线延伸的槽和多个沿Y轴线延伸同时与X轴线槽交叉的槽,从而形成一方格子。这样的格子形槽用来收集连续地供应到抛光垫上的膏剂,从而阻碍由离心力造成的膏剂的排出。
在具有彼此均匀间隔的槽的传统的抛光垫的情形中,供应到抛光垫上的膏剂被阻碍流向在抛光垫与晶片接触的区域处的、正在被抛光的晶片的中心部分。其结果,抛光率的下降发生在晶片的中心部分处。
由于格子形的槽在一敞开状态中延伸到抛光垫的周缘,而不具有任何的关闭部分,供应到抛光垫上的膏剂容易从抛光垫排出。其结果,与同心圆槽相比,格子形槽致使膏剂的消耗增加。还有结果报告:与格子形槽相比,孔致使膏剂消耗增加,因为这些孔涉及到能够储存膏剂的横截面面积减小了。在同心圆槽情形中,与其它结构相比,它可获得上好的膏剂储存容量,因为各个槽具有局部的闭合结构,它具有能够抵抗离心力将膏剂保持在槽中的垂直的槽壁。然而,该结构具有的缺点在于,各槽的深度对应于抛光垫的厚度的1/4,因此不够深。
由于用来在抛光垫上形成槽的传统方法使用一由车床或铣床实施的切削工艺,所以,槽具有诸如同心圆或格子之类的固定的图形。为此原因,难于形成能够有效地控制膏剂流动的槽的图形。
为了解决这样一问题,有必要考虑诸如离心力和晶片位置的给定的抛光工艺条件、设计槽的形状、密度和分布。
本发明的揭示
本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于化学机械抛光工艺的化学机械抛光垫,它形成有能够阻碍供应到抛光表面上的膏剂流出的速率的波形槽,同时将膏剂均匀地分布在抛光表面上。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种形成有波形槽的化学机械抛光垫,该波形槽能够在化学机械抛光工艺中有效地控制供应到抛光垫上的膏剂的流动。
根据本发明,这些目的通过提供一种用于一化学机械抛光工艺的化学机械抛光垫来达到,其中,在垫的抛光表面上形成多个不同直径的波形同心槽,各槽具有要求的深度、宽度和形状。
附图简要说明
图1是示出一典型的化学机械抛光机的结构和使用该化学机械抛光机实施的抛光方法的示意图;
图2是示出一化学机械抛光方法的概念的示意图;
图3a是示出一形成有对应地具有同心圆形式的槽的抛光垫的示意图;
图3b是沿图3a的线″A-A″截取的截面图;
图4a是示出一形成有具有传统结构的格子形槽的抛光垫的示意图;
图4b是示出图4a的格子形槽的截面图;
图5和6是示意图,分别示出根据本发明的抛光垫,各形成有多个波形的同心槽,它们具有相同的形状、不同的直径;
图7和8是示意图,分别示出抛光垫,各形成有对应于图5和6中的一个的相同的槽,同时被分成具有不同槽间隔的两种径向区域;
图9是一示出图7的抛光垫的示意图,所示抛光垫还形成有多个不同直径的同心圆,各圆包括有许多孔;以及
图10是一示出形成有多个波形同心槽的抛光垫的示意图,所示抛光垫同时还形成有多个不同直径的同心圆和沿直径方向的直线。
实施本发明的最佳方式
现将参照附图,详细地描述本发明的结构和功能。
根据本发明,设置一化学机械抛光垫,在其抛光表面上具有多个不同直径的波形同心槽,各槽具有一要求的深度、宽度和形状。
本发明的波形槽具有同心的正弦曲线的环的形式,各具有一要求的幅值和循环数。这样的波形槽的各种实例分别示于图5至10中。这样的各具有正弦曲线的环形式的波形同心槽根据正弦曲线环的循环数和幅值可具有变化繁多的形状。例如,波形同心槽可具有一星形状。较佳地,正弦曲线环具有对应于3至1,000的循环数。根据给定的条件通过调整正弦曲线环的循环数和幅值,槽的形状可进行变化。参照图5、7和9,分别示出各具有循环数对应于12的正弦曲线环形式的波形同心槽。再者,图6和8分别示出各具有循环数对应于6的正弦曲线环形式的波形同心槽。
根据本发明,具有相同波形的这样的同心槽形成在抛光垫上而彼此间隔开。较佳地,各槽具有10Em至10mm的宽度。再者,相邻槽之间限定的间距较佳地在10Em至100mm的范围内。
形成在抛光垫上的波形同心槽可以均匀地或非均匀地彼此间隔。参照图5和6,图中示出抛光垫,各垫具有多个彼此均匀间隔的波形同心槽。
槽的间隔可根据其半径变化。较佳地,抛光垫具有至少两组具有不同槽间隔的槽,以便在抛光过程中最大程度地减小由产生的离心力造成的膏剂的不均匀性。
例如,槽的间距可从抛光垫的中心部分到周缘部分逐渐减小,同时,与其半径的增加成反比例。
根据本发明,抛光垫可分成多个径向区域。抛光垫的各个径向区域可形成有多个具有相同形状的槽,而同时彼此均匀地间隔开。各个径向区域可具有一不同于其余径向区域的槽深度、槽宽度或槽。
如图6或7所示,抛光垫可分别分成内径向区域和外径向区域,形成在半径为r0的圆的相对侧。内径向区域的半径小于半径r0(r<r0),而外径向区域的半径大于半径r0(r>r0)。各个内、外径向区域具有均匀的槽间距。再者,内径向区域的槽间距比外径向区域的大。
各包括孔、槽的同心圆或线,或其组合,可额外地形成在其上形成有上述的波形同心槽的抛光垫上。
参照图9,图中示出一抛光垫,它在其抛光表面上具有多个不同直径的同心圆,除了如图7所示的槽之外,各包括有许多孔。同心圆相邻之间的间距可以是均匀的或非均匀的。再者,圆的间距可根据其半径逐渐变化。
参照图10,图中示出一抛光垫,它在其抛光表面上具有多个不同直径的同心圆,除了上述的波形同心孔之外,各包括有许多孔和四条各包括有许多孔的、沿直径方向延伸的直线。较佳地,形成在抛光垫上的直线沿直径方向是对称的。当然,形成的直线可呈格子或斜线形式。
如以上描述所阐明的,本发明提供一形成有多个同样形状而不同直径的波形同心槽的抛光垫。通过变化波形、槽的宽度、槽的深度或槽的间距可使槽具有变化的图形。如果抛光垫额外地形成有多个同心圆或直线,各包括槽、孔或它们的组合,则槽的图形可进一步多样化。
为了允许膏剂在抛光过程中容易接近晶片的中心部分,也可调整在抛光垫最经常接触晶片的中心部分处的槽的间距、宽度或深度。
较佳地,根据本发明,利用激光金加工工艺来实现孔或槽的形成。激光金加工工艺提供的优点在于:它能够精密地加工具有复杂结构的孔或槽,使孔或槽具有光滑的内表面,并且可容易地调整孔或槽的形状、尺寸以及深度。
工业应用性
根据本发明,形成有多个具有相同形状而不同直径的波形同心槽的抛光垫,它具有的优点在于:抛光垫可具有能够较佳地满足给定的抛光工艺条件的各种槽和孔的图形。
与具有同心圆形式的槽相比,根据本发明的抛光垫的波形槽提供了增加的区域,在抛光的过程中膏剂通过增加的区域之后才向外排出。因此,可阻碍膏剂的排出速率,同时均匀地将膏剂分布在抛光表面上,在抛光的过程中有效地控制膏剂的流动,从而保持了一稳定的理想的抛光率,并达到一改进的平面化效果。
尽管为了说明的目的结合具有波形槽的抛光垫揭示了本方法的优选的实施例,但本技术领域内的技术人员将会认识到,在不脱离由附后的权利要求书中揭示的本发明的范围和精神的前提下,也可作出各种改型、添加和替代。
Claims (15)
1.一种用于化学机械抛光工艺的化学机械抛光垫,其特征在于,各槽具有要求的深度、宽度和形状的多个不同直径的波形同心槽,形成在抛光垫的抛光表面上。
2.如权利要求1所述的化学机械抛光垫,其特征在于,各个波形同心槽具有对应于循环数为3至1,000的正弦曲线环形式。
3.如权利要求1所述的化学机械抛光垫,其特征在于,各波形同心槽具有10Em至10mm的宽度。
4.如权利要求1所述的化学机械抛光垫,其特征在于,诸波形同心槽彼此间隔开,以具有10Em至100mm的槽间距。
5.如权利要求1所述的化学机械抛光垫,其特征在于,诸波形同心槽彼此均匀地或非均匀地间隔开。
6.如权利要求1所述的化学机械抛光垫,其特征在于,诸波形同心槽彼此非均匀地间隔开,以使相邻槽之间形成的槽间距从垫的中心部分到垫的周缘部分逐渐减小。
7.如权利要求1所述的化学机械抛光垫,其特征在于,抛光垫分成多个形成有波形同心槽的径向区域,各个径向区域的槽具有相同的槽深度、槽宽度和槽间距,而各个径向区域在槽深度、槽宽度和槽间距中的至少一个方面不同于其余径向区域。
8.如权利要求1至7中任何一项所述的化学机械抛光垫,其特征在于,各包括多个槽、孔或它们的组合的多个同心圆进一步形成在抛光垫上。
9.如权利要求8所述的化学机械抛光垫,其特征在于,诸同心圆彼此间隔开,以使它们分组成具有不同槽间距的至少两组。
10.如权利要求8所述的化学机械抛光垫,其特征在于,诸同心圆彼此间隔开,以使相邻同心圆之间的间距从垫的中心部分到垫的周缘部分逐渐减小。
11.如权利要求1至7中任何一项所述的化学机械抛光垫,其特征在于,在抛光垫上还形成一个或多条直线,每条直线包括多个槽、孔或它们的组合。
12.如权利要求11所述的化学机械抛光垫,其特征在于,诸直线分组成一组彼此间隔开的水平直线和一组彼此间隔开、同时交叉于水平直线的垂直直线,从而形成一格子结构。
13.如权利要求11所述的化学机械抛光垫,其特征在于,诸直线在抛光表面的中心处交叉在一起,以使它们沿直径方向对称地排列。
14.如权利要求1至7中任何一项所述的化学机械抛光垫,其特征在于,各包括多个槽、孔或它们的组合的多个同心圆,以及各包括多个槽、孔或它们的组合的一个或多个直线,进一步地形成在抛光垫上。
15.如权利要求1至7中任何一项所述的化学机械抛光垫,其特征在于,波形槽由一激光器机加工。
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KR1020010049354A KR20030015567A (ko) | 2001-08-16 | 2001-08-16 | 웨이브 형태의 그루브가 형성된 화학적 기계적 연마패드 |
KR2001/49354 | 2001-08-16 |
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US (1) | US6729950B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1433197B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2005500689A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20030015567A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1284210C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE506695T1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60144494D1 (zh) |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105619202A (zh) * | 2016-02-26 | 2016-06-01 | 上海华力微电子有限公司 | 一种化学机械研磨装置及其化学机械研磨方法 |
CN110842764A (zh) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-02-28 | 张俊杰 | 一种用于超硬陶瓷球体部件研制的研磨盘装置 |
CN113153380A (zh) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-07-23 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | 一种用于提高盾构隧道中管片接缝防水性能的方法 |
CN113153380B (zh) * | 2021-05-18 | 2022-04-26 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | 一种用于提高盾构隧道中管片接缝防水性能的方法 |
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JP2005500689A (ja) | 2005-01-06 |
US6729950B2 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
ATE506695T1 (de) | 2011-05-15 |
DE60144494D1 (de) | 2011-06-01 |
TW504429B (en) | 2002-10-01 |
KR20030015567A (ko) | 2003-02-25 |
EP1433197B1 (en) | 2011-04-20 |
US20030034131A1 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
EP1433197A4 (en) | 2008-04-09 |
CN1284210C (zh) | 2006-11-08 |
WO2003017347A1 (en) | 2003-02-27 |
EP1433197A1 (en) | 2004-06-30 |
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