CN1509277A - 制备紫杉醇的方法 - Google Patents
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D305/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D305/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
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Abstract
本发明公开了从10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III制备紫杉醇的方法。
Description
本发明涉及制备紫杉醇的方法。
紫杉醇是一种具有广谱抗肿瘤活性的、源自天然的分子,其具有以下结构式:
该化合物最初是从短叶紫杉(Taxus brevifolia)的树皮和其它天然资源中获取的,并可按照科技和专利文献中所描述的众多方法通过半合成方法制备。
美国专利US 4,924,011公开了一种紫杉醇的半合成方法,其中,将10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III的C-7羟基用三烷基甲硅烷基保护,随后将C-10乙酰化。将得到的中间体与(2R,3S)-N-苯甲酰基-2-O-(1-乙氧基乙基)-3-苯基-异丝氨酸反应并将得到的产物脱保护以得到紫杉醇。
WO93/06094公开了使β-内酰胺前体与7-O-三乙基甲硅烷基-浆果赤霉素III反应、随后用弱酸水解来制备紫杉醇的方法。
根据美国专利US 5,476,954的描述,紫杉醇是以在C-7位被2,2,2-三氯乙氧羰基(TROC)酯化的10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III作为起始物质进行制备的。
根据美国专利US 5,917,062和美国专利US 6,020,507,用苄氧羰基(CBZ)或叔丁氧基羰基(Boc)保护C-7羟基,之后对C-10羟基进行选择性的乙酰化。
从文献中可以明显看出:紫杉醇半合成的一个关键的方面是选择性地保护二萜部分(10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III骨架)上的羟基。C-7位的反应活性最强,因此将其用随后易于除去的基团功能基化。最常用的基团是三乙基甲硅烷基(TES),其在合成中所涉及的其它羟基的酯化反应条件下是稳定的并可提供约85%的转化收率。当随后在C-10位引入乙酰基时,收率大约为85%。
现已发现了一种合成紫杉醇的新方法,与已知的方法相比,该新方法可提供较高的最终收率和其它优点。
本发明的方法包括以下步骤:
a)保护10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III(10-DAB III)的7位和10位羟基,
其中R=R’=三氯乙酰基,或者R’=乙酰基并且R选自叔丁氧基羰基和三氯乙酰基,
b)用3-苯基-2-环氧丙酸将13位的羟基酯化,
c)如果7位和10位的保护基都是三氯乙酰基,则(1)除去7位和10位的保护基团,(2)随后在10位进行选择性的乙酰化,(3)用叠氮化钠使环氧化物开环;
或者,
c’)如果R’=乙酰基并且R=三氯乙酰基,则用叠氮化钠使环氧化物开环并同时使7位脱保护,
d)将叠氮基还原为氨基,
e)进行苯甲酰化生成终产物。
起始物质是从欧洲紫杉(Taxus baccata)的叶子中提取的10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III(10-DAB III)。在第一步中,将10-DAB III的C-7和C-10羟基定量酯化。当R=R’=三氯乙酰基时,使10-DAB III在三乙胺和催化量的4-二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)的存在下与三氯乙酰氯在二氯甲烷中反应。当R≠R’时,首先在铈、钪、镱盐,优选CeCl3.7H2O的存在下用乙酸酐对10-DAB III进行选择性的乙酰化。随后用叔-丁氧基羰基或三氯乙酰基对得到的浆果赤霉素III的C-7位进行保护。可以通过使浆果赤霉素III在DMAP和乙基二异丙基胺的存在下与叔丁氧基焦碳酸酯反应或者依照美国专利US 5,917,062中所述的方法进行反应引入叔丁氧基羰基。可以通过使浆果赤霉素III与三氯乙酰氯在吡啶中反应将三氯乙酰基引入至7位。
在随后的步骤b)中,在二环己基碳二亚胺、DMAP和对-甲苯磺酸的存在下,用3-苯基-2-环氧丙酸、优选用其铵盐在甲苯中将13位的羟基酯化,从而获得(2R,3R)-3-苯基-2,3-环氧-丙酸浆果赤霉素III酯。
当保护基团R和R’都是三氯乙酰基时,可以使用Zheng等人在“Tetrahedron Lett.,1995,36,2001”和Datta等人在“J.Org.Chem.,1995,60,761”中所述的条件和试剂将它们除去。优选使用两个当量的氢氧化铵除去两个三氯乙酰基。然后,在铈、钪或镱盐,优选CeCl3.7H2O的存在下,用乙酸酐选择性地将脱保护了的化合物在10位乙酰化。
在文献(Yamaguchi T.,Tetrahedron Letters 39,5575-78,1998)所报道的条件下,使得到的化合物在甲酸甲酯的存在下与叠氮化钠在含水甲醇中发生反应,生成相应的叠氮化物。
或者,当R=三氯乙酰基并且R’=乙酰基(d)时,将环氧乙烷与叠氮化钠反应生成在7位脱保护的相应的叠氮化物,其相当于步骤(c’)中所得到的化合物。
在随后的步骤(d)中将叠氮化物还原为胺。可以用催化氢化或用PPh3进行还原反应。将所得产物的氨基在最后一步(e)中苯甲酰化得到紫杉醇。可以在进行还原反应的同时用苯甲酸酐进行苯甲酰化反应,或者在还原反应之后使用化学计算量的苯甲酰氯在碳酸钾的存在下将分离出来的还原产物苯甲酰化。
以下实施例更为详细地阐明了本发明。
实施例1:7-三氯乙酰基-浆果赤霉素III的合成
在25ml的圆底烧瓶中,将0.603g(1.03mmol,1.0当量)浆果赤霉素III在磁力搅拌、25℃、氮气环境下溶解于9.7ml无水吡啶中。向该澄清的浅黄色溶液中滴加138μl(1.23mmol,1.23当量)三氯乙酰氯。加入完成30分钟后,生成白色沉淀。在与上述相同的条件下,向反应混悬液中再滴加120μl(1.07mmol,1当量)三氯乙酰氯。20分钟后,溶液呈黄褐色。通过TLC(SiO2,正己烷/乙酸乙酯,2∶3)观察到起始物质浆果赤霉素III几乎已全部转化。用二氯甲烷稀释反应混合物。将得到的溶液用CuSO4饱和溶液反复洗涤直至吡啶被完全除去(溶液不再呈蓝色)。将有机相在真空下浓缩、用MgSO4干燥、过滤、蒸除溶剂,得到0.612g具有以下光谱特征的黄白色粉末(相当于7-三氯乙酰基浆果赤霉素III):
1H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3):δppm=1.08(s,3H,Me),1.13(s,3H,Me),1.86(s,3H,Me),1.97(ddd,1H,J1=14.4 Hz,J2=10.3 Hz,J3=1.9 Hz,C6-H),2.13(d,3H,J=1,2Hz,Me),2.15(s,3H,Me),2.30(s,3H,Me),2.32-2.28(m,2H,C14-H2),2.68(ddd,1H,J1=14.4 Hz,J2=9.3 Hz,J3=7.3 Hz,C6-H),4.04(d,1H,J=7.0 Hz,C3-H),4.17(dd,1H,J1=8.4 Hz,J2=1.0 Hz,C20-H),4.34(d,1H,J=8.4 Hz,C20-H),4.86(t,1H,J=7.5 Hz,C13-H),4.98(dd,1H,J1=9.5 Hz,J2=1.7 Hz,C5-H),5.65(d,1H,J=7.0 Hz,C2-H),5.70(dd,1H,J1=10.4 Hz,J2=7.4 Hz,C7-H),6.42(s,1H,C10-H),7.52-7.46(m,2H,芳族),7.62(m,1H,芳族),8.10(m,2H,芳族);13C NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3):δppm=10.8,15.5,20.4,20.9,22.8,26.9,32.5,38.6,43.0,47.2,56.2,68.1,74.5,75.5,76.5,77.0,79.0,80.5,83.7,89.9,129.0,129.4,130.3,132.0,134.0,145.4,160.8,167.2,169.2,171.0,201.9。
实施例2:(2’R,3’R)-7-三氯乙酰基-浆果赤霉素III-13-(3’-苯基-2’,3’-环氧丙酸酯)的合成
将0.164g(1.00mmol,1当量)新制备的3-苯基-2-环氧丙酸在0℃下溶解于30ml无水甲苯中。随后在氮气环境、0℃下加入0.5g(1mmol,0.68当量)7-(三氯乙酰基)-浆果赤霉素III[7-(TCA)-浆果赤霉素III]。最后,依次加入二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC,0.21g,1.00mmol,1.0当量)、4-二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP,0.084g,0.68mmol,0.66当量)和对甲苯磺酸(p-TSA,0.17g,0.10mmol,0.1当量)。然后将溶液在磁力搅拌和氮气流下加热至70℃。通过TLC(SiO2,正己烷/乙酸乙酯,3∶2)监控反应进程。第一个点(Rf=0.28)对应于7-(TCA)-浆果赤霉素III环氧酯。第二个点(Rf=0.11)对应于7-(TCA)-浆果赤霉素III。3个小时后,将混合物冷却并过滤出悬浮的固体。用二氯甲烷洗涤沉淀的二环己基脲(DCU)。将合并的有机相浓缩至干。通过快速色谱法(SiO2,正己烷/乙酸乙酯,3∶2)将得到的粗品(0.919g)进行色谱分离。得到0.100g(0.14mmol,20%)未反应的7-TCA-浆果赤霉素III和0.435g(0.49mmol,73%)具有以下光谱特征的(2’R,3’R)-7-三氯乙酰基-浆果赤霉素III-13-(3’-苯基-2’,3’-环氧丙酸酯):
1H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3):δppm=1.11(bs,6H,2Me),1.25(bs,1H,OH),1.76(d,3H,J=1.2 Hz,Me),1.84(s,3H,Me),2.02-1.92(m,3H,C14-H2+C6-H),2.13(s,3H,Me),2.39(s,3H,Me),2.69(ddd,1H,J1=14.6 Hz,J2=9.3 Hz,J3=7.3 Hz,C6-H),3.92(d,1H,J=6.9 Hz,C3-H),3.97(d,1H,J=4.7 Hz,C2′-H),4.15(dd,1H,J1=8.4 Hz,J2=1.0 Hz,C20-H),4.31(d,1H,J=8.3 Hz,C20-H),4.33(d,1H,J=4.7 Hz,C3′-H),4.97(dd,1H,J1=9.5 Hz,J2=1.8 Hz,C5-H),5.63(d,1H,J=6.8 Hz,C2-H),5.65(dd,1H,J1=10.7Hz,J2=7.33 Hz,C7-H),6.02(dt,1H,J1=8.8 Hz,J2=1.8 Hz,C13-H),7.45-7.30(m,5H,芳族),6.34(s,1H,C10-H),7.49(m,2H,芳族),7.64(m,1H,芳族),8.00(m,2H,芳族);13C NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3):δppm=10.8,14.9,20.8,21.0,22.5,26.5,32.4,35.7,43.2,46.7,56.0,56.1,57.9,70.9,74.5,74.8,76.4,76.7,79.0,80.6,83.6,89.8,126.8,128.7,128.9,129.2,129.3,130.2,132.6,133.0,134.1,141.3,160.7,166.3,167.1,169.1,170.1,201.3。
实施例3:(2’R,3’R)-浆果赤霉素III-13-(3’-叠氮基-2’-羟基-3’-苯基-丙酸酯)的合成
在装备有磁力搅拌器的25ml单口圆底烧瓶中,将0.397g(0.45mmol,1当量)(2'R,3’R)-7-三氯乙酰基-浆果赤霉素III-13-(3’-苯基-2’,3’-环氧丙酸酯)于25℃下悬浮于10.0ml甲醇中。依次加入1.26ml水、1.26ml甲酸甲酯和0.735g(11.3mmol,25.0当量)叠氮化钠。将温度升至50℃,通过TLC(SiO2,氯仿/乙酸乙酯/甲醇12.0∶2.0∶0.3)监测反应的进程。观察到起始物质消失并同时生成Rf值分别为0.22和0.29的两种产物。随后证实Rf值为0.29的产物为最终产物,而Rf值为0.22的产物为生成的反应中间体(2’R,3’R)-浆果赤霉素III-13-(3’-苯基-2’,3’-环氧丙酸酯)。随着时间的推移,Rf值为0.29的产物增加而Rf值为0.22的产物减少。46小时后,反应液呈黄褐色,并且其中有白色沉淀(未反应的叠氮化钠)。46小时后加入水使反应停止,观察到另两个点,Rf值分别为0.38和0.13(未回收的分解产物)。将沉淀的乳白色固体过滤、用水洗涤然后用乙酸乙酯洗涤。得到两相均澄清的两相混合物。将两相分离,用乙酸乙酯将水相萃取三次,将合并的有机相浓缩并用MgSO4干燥。将混合物过滤、蒸除溶剂得到0.335g黄白色粉末。通过快速色谱法(SiO2,氯仿/乙酸乙酯/甲醇12∶2∶0.3)将得到的粗品纯化,得到0.279g(0.36mmol,80%,Rf=0.22)(2’R,3’R)-浆果赤霉素III-13-(3’-叠氮基-2’-羟基-3’-苯基-丙酸酯)。
得到的化合物具有以下光谱特征:
1H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3):δppm=1.14(s,3H,Me),1.25(bs,4H,Me+OH),1.67(s,3H,Me),1.87(ddd,1H,J1=13.9 Hz,J2=11.1 Hz,J3=2.5 Hz,C6-H),1.93(d,3H,J=0.8 Hz,Me),2.08(d,2H,J=8.8 Hz,C14-H2),2.24(s,3H,Me),2.26(s,3H,Me),2.55(m,2H,C6-H+C7-OH),3.28(d,1H,J=8.4Hz,C2′-OH),3.77(d,1H,J=7.2 Hz,C3-H),4.15(dd,IH,J1=8.2 Hz,J2=0.8 Hz,C20-H),4.28(d,1H,J=8.2 Hz,C20-H),4.41(m,2H,C7-H+C2′-H),4.93(dd,1H,J1=9.6 Hz,J2=2.0 Hz,C5-H),4.96(d,1H,J=4.4 Hz,C3′-H),5.64(d,1H,J=7.2 Hz,C2-H),6.17(dt,1H,J1=7.9 Hz,J2=1.2 Hz,C13-H),6.30(s,1H,C10-H),7.46-7.32(m,5H,芳族),7.46-7.32(m,5H,芳族),7.50(m,2H,芳族),7.63(m,1H,芳族),8.06(m,2H,芳族);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δppm=9.8,15.3,21.1,21.9,22.6,27.0,35.6,35.8,43.3,45.9,58.8,68.1,72.0,72.4,75.1,75.3,75.8,76.7,79.4,81.3,84.6,127.9,128.9,129.2,129.5,130.3,133.4,134.1,135.3,142.2,167.2,170.5,171.5,203.8。
实施例4:N-脱苯甲酰基-紫杉醇的合成
在25ml双口圆底烧瓶中,将0.102g(0.13mmol,1.0当量)(2’R,3’R)-7-羟基-浆果赤霉素III-13-(3’-叠氮基-2’-羟基-3’-苯基-丙酸酯)溶解于5.2ml新蒸馏的二氯甲烷中,向形成的浅黄色溶液中加入水(0.05ml),然后加入0.071g(0.26mmol,2.0当量)PPh3。使混合物在室温、磁力搅拌下进行反应。16小时后用TLC(SiO2,氯仿/甲醇9∶1)监测反应的进程。起始物质(Rf=0.61)已消失,观察到Rf=0.19的点。用氯仿稀释混合物(浅黄色并有白色沉淀)以终止反应。之后,用蒸馏水、然后用氯化钠饱和溶液(盐水)洗涤混合物。用MgSO4干燥亮黄色的有机相,然后过滤并蒸除溶剂。得到0.177g赭黄色油状物。将粗品经快速色谱法(SiO2,氯仿/甲醇9∶1)处理,得到0.074mg(0.10mmol,76%)N-脱苯甲酰基-紫杉醇(浅黄色粉末)。
1H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3):δppm=1.07(s,3H,Me),1.09(s,3H,Me),1.38-1.22(bs,2H,2OH),1.75(s,3H,Me),1.88(s,3H,Me),1.90(s,3H,Me),1.93(s,3H,Me),2.20-1.96(m,6H,C14-H2+C6-H,NH2+OH),2.52(ddd,1H,J1=15.7 Hz,J2=9.5 Hz,J3=5.9 Hz,C6-H),3.88(d,1H,J=7.2 Hz,C3-H),4.10(d,1H,J=4.0 Hz,C20-H),4.17(d,1H,J=4.0 Hz,C20-H),4.22(d,1H,J=8.0 Hz,C2′-H),4.26(d,1H,J=8.0 Hz,C3′-H),4.56(dd,1H,J1=11.6 Hz,J2=6.9 Hz,C7-H),4.84(d,1H,J=8.8 Hz,C5-H),5.83(d,1H,J=7.2 Hz,C2-H),6.25(t,1H,J=8.0 Hz,C13-H),6.51(s,1H,C10-H),7.20-7.00(m,8H,芳族),8.13(m,2H,芳族);13C NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3):δppm=9.8,15.2,21.1,22.0,22.7,27.0,30.0,35.4,35.8,43.3,45.9,58.7,71.3,72.3,75.2,75.8,76.6,79.3,81.2,84.6,127.2,128.5,128.9,129.0,129.4,130.3,133.1,134.1,142.6,167.1,170.4,171.5,173.2,203.9。
实施例5:紫杉醇的合成
在10ml的圆底烧瓶中,将0.031g(0.041mmol,1.0当量)N-脱苯甲酰基-紫杉醇溶解于1.25ml乙酸乙酯中。向该澄清的黄色溶液中加入1.25ml碳酸氢钠饱和水溶液。在强烈的磁力搅拌下,向形成的两相混合物中滴加7.1ml(0.064mmol,1.5当量)苯甲酰氯。通过TLC(SiO2,氯仿/甲醇9∶1)监测反应的进程。起始物质消失后,观察到Rf=0.50的单点。用乙酸乙酯稀释反应混合物。将有机相与水相分离,用乙酸乙酯萃取水相(萃取三次)。将合并的有机相用MgSO4干燥、过滤并浓缩。将粗品(0.037g)溶于二氯甲烷/乙醚的1∶1的混合物中,然后加入正戊烷以使紫杉醇沉淀(0.030g,0.035mmol,86%),得到的紫杉醇具有文献中所报道的光谱特征。
实施例6:(2’R,3’R)-7,10-双-三氯乙酰基-10-脱乙酰基-浆果赤霉素III-13-(3’-苯基-2’,3’-环氧丙酸酯)的合成
在100ml的圆底烧瓶中,将0.178g(1.09mmol,1.0当量)新制备的3-苯基-2-环氧丙酸在0℃下溶解于30ml无水甲苯中。在氮气环境、0℃下,将0.663g(0.79mmol,0.73当量)7,10-双-(三氯乙酰基)-10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III[7,10-双-(TCA)-10-DAB III]悬浮在以上得到的溶液中。最后,依次加入二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC,0.224g,1.09mmol,1.0当量)、4-二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP,0.088g,0.72mmol,0.66当量)和对甲苯磺酸(p-TSA,0.19g,0.11mmol,0.1当量)。反应在70℃、磁力搅拌和氮气流下于多相中进行。通过TLC(SiO2,正己烷/乙酸乙酯3∶2)监测反应的进程。第一个点的Rf值为0.28,对应于7,10-双-(TCA)-10-DAB III环氧酯,第二个点的Rf值为0.15,对应于7,10-双-(TCA)-10-DAB III。3小时后,将混合物冷却并过滤出悬浮的固体。用二氯甲烷洗涤深黄色的沉淀,剩余的白色固体为DCU。将合并的有机部分浓缩,所得到的固体经快速色谱法(SiO2,正己烷/乙酸乙酯3∶2)处理得到0.63g(2’R,3’R)-7,10-双-三氯乙酰基-10-脱乙酰基-浆果赤霉素III-13-(3’-苯基-2’,3’-环氧丙酸酯)。
1H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3):δppm=1.12(s,3H,Me),1.14(s,3H,Me),1.76-1.60(m,2H,C6-H+OH),1.81(s,3H,Me),1.88(s,3H,Me),2.04-1.98(m,2H,C14-H),2.41(s,3H,Me),2.69(ddd,1H,J1=14.5 Hz,J2=9.3 Hz,J3=7.3 Hz,C6-H),3.89(d,1H,J=7.2 Hz,C3-H),3.98(d,1H,J=4.0 Hz,C2′-H),4.14(d,1H,J=8.0 Hz,C20-H),4.32(d,1H,J=8.0 Hz,C20-H),4.34(d,1H,J=4.0 Hz,C3′-H),4.97(d,1H,J=7.6 Hz,C5-H),5.70-5.62(m,2H,C7-H+C2-H),6.05(dt,1H,J1=8.4 Hz,J2=1.0 Hz,C13-H),7.52-7.30(m,7H,ArH),6.39(s,1H,C10-H),7.45(m,1H,ArH),7.99(m,2H,ArH);13CNMR(100 MHz,CDCl3):δppm=10.9,15.1,20.8,22.6,26.3,32.5,35.6,43.1,46.7,55.9,56.5,58.0,70.8,74.2,76.4,78.6,78.9,80.5,83.5,89.5,89.6,126.8,128.8,129.0,129.1,129.4,130.2,131.5,132.5,134.2,143.3,160.6,161.1,166.3,167.0,170.3,199.5。
实施例7:(2’R,3’R)-10-脱乙酰基-浆果赤霉素III-13-(3’-苯基-2’,3’-环氧丙酸酯)的合成
在25ml的圆底烧瓶中,将0.174g(0.18mmol,1.0当量)(2’R,3’R)-7,10-双(TCA)-10-DAB III-13-(3’-苯基-2’,3’-环氧丙酸酯)悬浮于3ml甲醇中。将形成的悬浮液冷却至0℃,在强烈的磁力搅拌下向其中滴加0.24ml(0.36mmol,2.0当量)1.57M的氨水溶液。使反应于0℃下进行15分钟,期间悬浮液变为黄绿色。此后,将混合物的温度升至室温,进一步反应5分钟以使沉淀完全溶解,得到澄清的黄绿色溶液。通过TLC(SiO2,正己烷/乙酸乙酯3∶2)监测发现:原料化合物完全消失,在基线处有一个单点。用水稀释反应混合物,得到乳白色溶液,用乙酸乙酯从中萃取(萃取三次)有机相(加入有机溶剂后形成乳状液,通过将NaCl溶解于其中破乳)。将合并的有机相用MgSO4干燥、过滤并蒸除溶剂。得到0.194g(2’R,3’R)-10-脱乙酰基-浆果赤霉素III-13-(3’-苯基-2’,3’-环氧丙酸酯)的白色粉末。1H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3):δppm=1.05(s,3H,Me),1.09(s,3H,Me),1.71(s,3H,Me),1.72(d,3H,J=1.2 Hz,Me),1.83(m,1H,C6-H),1.95(2H,d,J=8.8 Hz,C14-H2),2.34(s,3H,Me),2.58(ddd,1H,J1=14.6 Hz,J2=9.9 Hz,J3=6.9 Hz,C6-H),3.85(d,1H,J=7.3 Hz,C3-H),3.95(d,1H,J=4.4 Hz,C2′-H),4.14(d,1H,J=8.4 Hz,C20-H),4.22(dd,1H,J1=11.3 Hz,J2=6.6Hz,C7-H),4.27(d,1H,J=8.4 Hz,C20-H),4.31(d,1H,J=4.4 Hz,C3′-H),4.95(d,1H,J=8.8 Hz,C5-H),5.16(s,1H,C10-H),5.59(d,1H,J=7.3 Hz,C3-H),5.99(dt,1H,(d,1H,J1=8.8 Hz,J2=1.2 Hz,C7-H),7.30-7.50(m,7H,芳族),7.60-7.70(m,1H,芳族),7.90-8.00(m,2H,芳族)。
实施例8:(2’R,3’R)-浆果赤霉素III-13-(3’-苯基-2’,3’-环氧丙酸酯)的合成
将7.3mg CeCl3.7H2O和0.073ml乙酸酐加入到(2’R,3’R)-10-脱乙酰基-浆果赤霉素III-13-(3’-苯基-2’,3’-环氧丙酸酯)(138mg)的3ml无水四氢呋喃溶液中。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌5小时,期间反应混合物成为均相。加入1.0g冰,持续搅拌1小时。在真空下蒸除有机溶剂,将残余物用5ml水稀释。将生成的沉淀过滤并在真空下干燥18小时。得到的产物(白色粉末,130mg)具有以下特征:
1H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3):δppm=1.05(s,3H,Me),1.09(s,3H,Me),1.71(s,3H,Me),1.72(d,3H,J=1.2 Hz,Me),1.83(m,1H,C6-H),1.95(2H,d,J=8.8 Hz,C14-H2),2.34(s,3H,Me),2.58(ddd,1H,J1=14.6 Hz,J2=9.9 Hz,J3=6.9 Hz,C6-H),3.85(d,1H,J=7.3 Hz,C3-H),3.95(d,1H,J=4.4 Hz,C2′-H),4.14(d,1H,J=8.4 Hz,C20-H),4.22(dd,1H,J1=11.3 Hz,J2=6.6Hz,C7-H),4.27(d,1H,J=8.4 Hz,C20-H),4.31(d,1H,J=4.4 Hz,C3′-H),4.95(d,1H,J=8.8 Hz,C5-H),5.59(d,1H,J=7.3 Hz,C3-H),5.65(dd,1H,J1=10.7 Hz,J2=7.33 Hz,C7-H),6.34(s,1H,C10-H),7.30-7.50(m,7H,芳族),7.60-7.70(m,1H,芳族),7.90-8.00(m,2H,芳族)。
实施例9:(2’R,3’R)-浆果赤霉素III-13-(3’-叠氮基-2’-羟基-3’-苯基-丙酸酯)的合成
在装备有磁力搅拌器的25ml单口圆底烧瓶中,将0.17g(0.45mmol,1当量)(2’R,3’R)-浆果赤霉素III-13-(3’-苯基-2’,3’-环氧丙酸酯)于25℃下悬浮于5ml甲醇中。依次加入0.63ml水、0.23ml甲酸甲酯和0.36g(5.5mmol,12.5当量)叠氮化钠。将混合物加热至50℃,通过TLC(SiO2,氯仿/乙酸乙酯/甲醇12.0∶2.0∶0.3)监测反应的进程。46小时后反应混合物呈黄褐色,并且在其中有白色沉淀(未反应的叠氮化钠)。加入水(10ml),过滤出沉淀的乳白色固体,依次用水和乙酸乙酯洗涤。将两相分离,水相用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,将合并的有机相浓缩并用MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸除溶剂,得到0.20g黄白色粉末。通过快速色谱法(SiO2,氯仿/乙酸乙酯/甲醇12∶2∶0.3)将得到的粗品纯化,得到0.140g(2’R,3’R)-浆果赤霉素III-13-(3’-叠氮基-2’-羟基-3’-苯基-丙酸酯)。
得到的化合物具有与实施例3中的化合物相同的光谱特征。
Claims (9)
2.权利要求1的方法,其中,10-DAB III通过在三乙胺和催化量的4-二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)的存在下与三氯乙酰氯在二氯甲烷中反应而使其7位和10位被三氯乙酰基保护。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中,通过将10-DAB III在铈、钪或镱盐的存在下与乙酸酐反应首先使10位乙酰化,随后将7位的羟基用叔丁氧基羰基或三氯乙酰基保护。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中,在二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)、DMAP和对甲苯磺酸的存在下,用苯基-2-环氧丙酸的铵盐在甲苯中将13位的羟基酯化。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中,用氢氧化铵除去保护基R=R’=三氯乙酰基。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中,在甲酸甲酯的存在下,用叠氮化钠在含水甲醇中使环氧化物开环。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中,用催化氢化或用PPh3将叠氮化物还原为胺。
8.权利要求1的方法,其中,最后一步的苯甲酰化是用苯甲酸酐与还原反应同时进行的,或在还原反应之后在碳酸钾的存在下用苯甲酰氯对分离出的还原产物进行苯甲酰化。
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