CN1492963A - 门锁 - Google Patents

门锁 Download PDF

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CN1492963A
CN1492963A CNA998029424A CN99802942A CN1492963A CN 1492963 A CN1492963 A CN 1492963A CN A998029424 A CNA998029424 A CN A998029424A CN 99802942 A CN99802942 A CN 99802942A CN 1492963 A CN1492963 A CN 1492963A
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door lock
piston
housing
plastics
section
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CN1243901C (zh
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洛塔尔·金策尔
���ٶ���԰�������޹�˾
霍斯特·蒂尔曼
冈特·戈尔尼克
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Dorma Deutschland GmbH
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F3/00Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
    • E05F3/04Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes
    • E05F3/10Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes with a spring, other than a torsion spring, and a piston, the axes of which are the same or lie in the same direction
    • E05F3/104Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes with a spring, other than a torsion spring, and a piston, the axes of which are the same or lie in the same direction with cam-and-slide transmission between driving shaft and piston within the closer housing
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F3/00Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
    • E05F3/04Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes
    • E05F3/10Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes with a spring, other than a torsion spring, and a piston, the axes of which are the same or lie in the same direction
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F3/00Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
    • E05F3/04Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes
    • E05F3/10Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes with a spring, other than a torsion spring, and a piston, the axes of which are the same or lie in the same direction
    • E05F3/102Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes with a spring, other than a torsion spring, and a piston, the axes of which are the same or lie in the same direction with rack-and-pinion transmission between driving shaft and piston within the closer housing
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F3/00Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
    • E05F3/22Additional arrangements for closers, e.g. for holding the wing in opened or other position
    • E05F3/225Additional arrangements for closers, e.g. for holding the wing in opened or other position mounted at the bottom of wings, e.g. details related to seals, covers, connections to the wings, embedding in the floor
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F3/00Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
    • E05F3/22Additional arrangements for closers, e.g. for holding the wing in opened or other position
    • E05F3/227Additional arrangements for closers, e.g. for holding the wing in opened or other position mounted at the top of wings, e.g. details related to closer housings, covers, end caps or rails therefor
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/20Brakes; Disengaging means; Holders; Stops; Valves; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/252Type of friction
    • E05Y2201/254Fluid or viscous friction
    • E05Y2201/256Fluid or viscous friction with pistons or vanes
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/20Brakes; Disengaging means; Holders; Stops; Valves; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/262Type of motion, e.g. braking
    • E05Y2201/264Type of motion, e.g. braking linear
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2800/00Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
    • E05Y2800/20Combinations of elements
    • E05Y2800/21Combinations of elements of identical elements, e.g. of identical compression springs
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/10Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof
    • E05Y2900/13Type of wing
    • E05Y2900/132Doors

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  • Closing And Opening Devices For Wings, And Checks For Wings (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及不同类型的门锁,其全部零件如壳体(2)、盘形凸轮(1)连同输出轴(3)、阻尼活塞(4)、弹性活塞(6)等等直至弹簧都由塑料制成。这里单个零件用无切屑方法、尤其是注塑方法由碳素纤维或玻璃纤维强化的塑料制成,并且不需其他后续加工自动地进行装配。

Description

门锁
本发明涉及一种按权利要求1和2的前序部分的门锁,其中一方面存在一盘形凸轮,它与一从灌满阻尼介质的壳体中伸出的输出轴力和形锁合地连接,其中沿门锁的轴线方向看盘形凸轮在两侧分别紧靠在一压紧滚子上,并且一侧与一用复原弹簧加载的弹性活塞而另一侧与一阻尼活塞功能连接,其中活塞和壳体由一种防油的塑料组成;另一方面门锁带有一具有内齿的塑料活塞,它通过力和形锁合地安装在输出轴上的小齿轮驱动,其中输出轴至少在一侧从包围活塞和复原弹簧的壳体中伸出。
由瑞士专利文件281690已知权利要求1这种类型的门锁。该资料所述门锁可用于DIN左和DIN右固定门,其中所设的输出轴配备一做得对称的盘形凸轮,它与活塞,从而也与复原弹簧接触。不管是壳体还是活塞都由防油塑料制成。
DE G 94 13 039 U1给出一种按权利要求2这一种类型的门锁,其中叙述了这样一种门锁,它显示出存在于活塞内的内齿,这里齿部和活塞做成分开的构件,其中齿部最好由不同于组成活塞的塑料材料制成。同样至少与齿部相啮合的小齿轮部分局部由金属和塑料组成。
由DE 40 02 889 A1可以得到一种门锁,其壳体做成空腔型材。这种空腔型材是整体的并且由挤压型材组成,其材料由铝合金或塑料组成。在DE-AS 10 39 886中叙述了一种阻尼活塞,它由一种固体和一种与之相连的由橡胶或塑料制成的弹性体组合而成。
由US 4,019,222可以看到一种活塞,它具有呈一种镶嵌的齿条形式的外齿,外齿由金属或塑料组成。
本发明的目的是,制造一种轻的成本低廉的门锁,这种门锁可以取消通常容易造成损坏的切削加工。
本发明的这个任务用权利要求1和2的特征来解决。
因此为了降低成本按照本发明建议,除已知的由塑料组成的零件外所有加工工作量大的零件都由塑料制成。其中特别是阻尼活塞、弹性活塞和壳体、盘形凸轮、输出轴和/或与盘形凸轮共同作用的压紧滚子。此外建议,存在于门锁之外的零件,例如剪式拉杆或操作臂在滑轨门锁的情况下连同滑轨都由塑料制造,这里是牵涉地面门锁、框架门锁还是内装门锁并不重要。
通常包围活塞的缸壁做成圆的。这特别是对于否则要进行的后续加工有重要性,因为圆形实现起来最方便。但是如果人们想要制造价格便宜的小的门锁,也就是说造得不那么结实的门锁、活塞,也就是阻尼活塞和弹性活塞但是也可以是带齿部的塑料活塞可以占有不同于圆形的其他横截面,也就是椭圆形、矩形、正方形或四边形横截面。所有这些形状在塑料加工工艺方面可以毫无问题地制造,因为这类壳体和活塞用所谓的注塑方法制造。当今这种方法由于可供使用的塑料(的优良性能)具有精密的尺寸公差,从而具有极高的配合精度。
因此不需要很高的费用也可以用塑料制造按DE 3645314 C2和DE3645315 C2的门锁,其中活塞齿部的齿具有不同的尺寸和模数。与这个齿部啮合的输出轴的对应齿部也可以毫无问题地用塑料制造。
这种类型的壳体由于其横截面的几何形状在用注塑方法时没有必要非做成一个整体的零件不可。它也可以由多个段或分段组成。这些段或分段通过做在上面的榫头(Passer)或凸台和对应件上的与之一致的孔相互拼接,并通过相应方法如粘接、超声波焊接、激光焊接等等力和形锁合地相互持久连接。通过这种方法得到各个段的形状稳定性。在壳体分成单个段这种结构时可以在制造过程中不需后续加工地直接成形出通道、孔、凹坑、阀座或者还有阀本身。由此降低了装配费用,从而也降低制造成本。
通常门锁中末端通过所谓的封闭帽或封闭塞封闭。在按本发明的对象中根据加工好的段的不同不一定非要这些封闭件不可,因为完全可以设想通过各个单侧封闭的段的拼接可以进行单个零件的预装。在那种只有在事后可以封闭的段上再装上单独的封闭塞。这些封闭塞也可以通过粘接、超声波焊接等等力和形锁合地与段连接,或者与壳体力和形锁合地连接。这里除了对接结构外还可以采用设有凹槽、沉割或锁销的封闭塞,因为这样在拼装时可以减少装配时间。
在塑料注塑结构时具有相应的孔的形式的、用来将完工状态的门锁安装在其固有位置上的固定装置也可以同时无切削地一起成形。下面借助于不同的示意表示的实施例对本发明作较详细的说明。附图中:
图1通过具有一盘形凸轮的顶部门锁侧视图的一轴向剖视,
图2通过按图1的顶部门锁的顶视图的轴向剖视,
图3通过带有内齿的顶部门锁的正视图的一个剖面,
图4通过按图3的顶部门锁的顶视图的一个剖面,
图5通过由单个段组成的门锁壳体的剖面图,
图6,两个由两个具有正方形横截面活塞腔的壳体段组成的半壳体的侧视图。
除了下面图形表示的按照顶部门锁的不同实施例外本发明的设想同样可以用于地面门锁、门框门锁和内装门锁。在门顶门锁、门框门锁和内装门锁时既可以采用剪式拉杆形式的拉杆也可以采用操作臂连同一个滑轨。这些零件、滑轨、操作件和剪式拉杆也可以由具有相应强度的塑料制成。
在图1和2中所示门锁具有一盘形凸轮1,输出轴3穿过这些凸轮。输出轴3在上部区域用输出轴轴承17在下部区域用输出轴轴承16支承在一壳体2内部。其中轴承既可以由烧结材料也可以由滚针轴承或滚珠轴承组成。除壳体2外输出轴轴承16和17同样可以由塑料制成,盘形凸轮1的凸轮轨道面在一侧与一通过轴14支承在阻尼活塞4内的压紧滚子7接触,在另一侧盘形凸轮1与一通过轴15支承在弹性活塞6内的压紧滚子8相接触。复原弹簧13一端与弹性活塞的另一个末端接触,另一端与弹簧压板31接触。壳体2的侧面端部通过封闭塞18和19封闭,封闭塞18和19通过粘接、超声波焊接、激光焊接等等与壳体2力和形锁合地连接,因为对于门锁的控制功能需要相应的通道20连同阀29,它们在制造过程中无切屑地同时成形在壳体2内,此外不管是在阻尼活塞4内还是在弹性活塞6内在这些活塞制造期间同时一起形成单向阀5。但是这些单向阀5也可以单独制造,其中在这种情况下它也仅仅由塑料制成。
为了将这种壳体2固定在门上或门的上方,在制造过程中在壳体2内或上同时无切屑地形成一固定装置28。
当然通过不需要后续加工的塑料加工途径,除了用于在现有技术中做成圆形的阻尼活塞4、弹性活塞6和复原弹簧13的穿通的缸体孔外,也可以是其他的形状。其中特别是椭圆形,这同时意味着,其尺寸明显变小,或者是矩形或正方形。
在表示出一整体的壳体的图2中显然,由于不管是阻尼活塞4还是弹性活塞6和带有输出轴3的盘形凸轮1的材料都相同,在这种门锁时在由于受热,例如太阳光照射产生热膨胀方面不会出现问题,因为用于所有构件的材料具有相同的膨胀系数。在现有技术这并不是这样,因为在应用例如钢或轻金属加上塑料时它们具有不同的膨胀系数,这必然强制地导致泄漏或这种门的失灵。
在图3和4的另一个实施例中表示一种带有活塞10的齿条形门锁,此活塞由塑料组成并具有内齿11。小齿轮12与齿部11相啮合,其中小齿轮12力和形锁合地一起成形在输出轴3上。在这个实施例中除壳体9以外带有其齿部11的活塞10和带有其小齿轮12的输出轴3也都由塑料制成。因此该门锁具有图1和2相同的性能,也就是说这种门锁在受热时由于相同的膨胀系数在功能方面不会失灵。壳体9的端部同样用封闭塞18和19封闭,封闭塞同样通过粘接、超声波焊接、激光焊接等等与壳体9力和形锁合地连接。
在全塑料的地面门锁结构时当然属于地面门锁的水泥箱也由塑料制成。
在图5中所示的实施例表示一由不同段21和22拼接成的门锁壳体。这里在加工工艺方面不同的段可以做成单独的零件,例如段22描述为一单侧开口的带有成形在它上面的固定装置28的段。在待连接的部位段21和22具有榫头26和孔27,它们在相互拼接时相互嵌合,并在接着的用于连接段21和22的工序中达到一力和形锁合的、且形状稳定的形状。位于段21和22之内的活塞腔30在段21的开口端通过一封闭塞19封闭。此外在段21内同时无切屑地一起形成一用于图1中表示的输出轴轴承16和17的孔23。
除了分成段21和22外也可以将段分成其他形状,如图6中所示,这里画出了段24和25,它们在门锁纵向通过榫头26和孔27相互连接。同时在图6的该实施例中活塞腔30呈现为正方形活塞腔。
在不提出整体性要求的上述实施例中从这样的前提出发,它牵涉到这样的门锁,它不需对单个零件和段进行后续加工拼装而成。这里这种拼装也可以用自动化的方法进行。由塑料,最好是用注塑的方法制造的零件不进行其他的后续加工通过粘接、超声波焊接、激光焊接等等相互力和形锁合地连接。作为塑料可以采用碳素纤维或玻璃纤维强化的塑料。
          附图标记表
1盘形凸轮            17输出轴轴承
2壳体                18封闭塞
3输出轴              19封闭塞
4阻尼活塞            20通道
5单向阀              21段
6弹性活塞            22段
7压紧滚子            23孔
8压紧滚子            24段
9壳体                25段
10活塞               26榫头
11内齿               27孔
12小齿轮             28固定装置
13复原弹簧           29阀
14轴                 30活塞腔
15轴                 31弹簧压板
16输出轴轴承

Claims (17)

1.门锁,它具有一盘形凸轮,它与一从灌满阻尼介质的壳体中伸出的输出轴力和形锁合地连接,其中沿门锁的轴线方向看盘形凸轮在两侧分别紧靠在一压紧滚子上,一侧与一用复原弹簧加载的弹性活塞、而另一侧与一阻尼活塞功能连接,其中活塞和壳体由一种防油塑料制成,其特征在于:除阻尼活塞(4)、弹性活塞(6)和壳体(2)外盘形凸轮(1)、输出轴(3)和/或压紧滚子(7,8)也由塑料制成。
2.门锁,带有一具有内齿的塑料活塞,它通过力和形锁合地安装在输出轴上的小齿轮驱动,其中输出轴至少一侧从包围活塞和复原弹簧的壳体中伸出,其特征在于:壳体(9)由塑料组成。
3.按权利要求1和2的门锁,其特征在于:门锁是一地面门锁或一带有一剪式拉杆或操作臂连同滑轨的门锁或一门框门锁或一内装门锁,其中剪式拉杆,操作臂和滑轨也完全或部分地由塑料组成。
4.按权利要求1和2的门锁,其特征在于:阻尼活塞(4)、弹性活塞(6)和塑料活塞(10)具有一椭圆形横截面。
5.按权利要求1和2的门锁,其特征在于:阻尼活塞(4)、弹性活塞(6)和塑料活塞(10)具有矩形和正方形横截面。
6.按权利要求2的门锁,其特征在于:内齿的齿具有按不同模数的极其不同的尺寸,其中输出轴的小齿轮的对应齿与它相配。
7.按权利要求1或2的门锁,其特征在于:壳体(2;9)由相互连接的段(21,22,24,25)或分段组成。
8.按权利要求7的门锁,其特征在于:段(21,22,24,25)可通过做在它上面的榫头(26)或凸台和与它相一致的孔(27)拼装或相互装配在一起。
9.按权利要求7的门锁,其特征在于:段(21,22,24,25)和活塞(4,6,10)内在制造过程中不需后续加工直接形成通道(20)、孔、凹坑、阀座等等。
10.按权利要求7和8的门锁,其特征在于:壳体(2;9)在端面处通过单独的封闭塞封闭。
11.按上述权利要求之一项或几项的门锁,其特征在于:壳体(2;9)和/或段(21,22,24,25)无切屑地做上用来安装门锁的固定装置(28)。
12.按权利要求1和2的门锁,其特征在于:塑料采用碳素纤维或玻璃纤维强化的塑料。
13.按权利要求1和2的门锁,其特征在于:在阻尼活塞(4)、弹性活塞(6)和/或塑料活塞(10)内含有单向阀(5),它在制造时一起做出。
14.按权利要求7、8和10的门锁,其特征在于:段(21,22,24,25)和封闭塞(18,19)通过粘接、超声波焊接、激光焊接等等相互连接。
15.按权利要求3的门锁,其特征在于:属于地面门锁的水泥盒由塑料组成。
16.用于制造按上述权利要求的门锁的方法,其特征在于:由塑料组成的全部零件用一种无切屑方法,尤其是注塑方法制造,并且不需进行其他的后续加工通过粘接、超声波焊接、激光焊接等等相互连接。
17.按权利要求16的门锁,其特征在于:装配通过自动化的制造程序进行。
CN99802942.4A 1998-12-14 1999-12-06 门锁 Expired - Fee Related CN1243901C (zh)

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CN1243901C (zh) 2006-03-01
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HK1063066A1 (en) 2004-12-10
CA2320809A1 (en) 2000-06-22
PL346265A1 (en) 2002-01-28
WO2000036255A2 (de) 2000-06-22
HUP0101011A3 (en) 2001-12-28
HU224757B1 (en) 2006-01-30
EP1062401B1 (de) 2006-08-16
BR9907879A (pt) 2000-10-17
WO2000036255A3 (de) 2000-10-12
DE19857297C1 (de) 2000-07-06
EP1062401A2 (de) 2000-12-27
DE59913779D1 (de) 2006-09-28
ATE336631T1 (de) 2006-09-15
HUP0101011A2 (hu) 2001-07-30

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