CN1482472A - 一种偏光元件及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种偏光元件及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1482472A
CN1482472A CNA021347190A CN02134719A CN1482472A CN 1482472 A CN1482472 A CN 1482472A CN A021347190 A CNA021347190 A CN A021347190A CN 02134719 A CN02134719 A CN 02134719A CN 1482472 A CN1482472 A CN 1482472A
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polarization element
carbon nano
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姜开利
范守善
李群庆
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Tsinghua University
Hongfujin Precision Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
    • G02B5/3075—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state for use in the UV
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
    • G02B5/3058—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state comprising electrically conductive elements, e.g. wire grids, conductive particles
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    • Y10S359/00—Optical: systems and elements
    • Y10S359/90—Methods
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24132—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in different layers or components parallel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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    • Y10T428/30—Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer

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Abstract

本发明揭示一光学偏光元件及其制造方法。此偏光元件包括一透明基板和一分布于基板表面的偏光膜，上述偏光膜包括一系列紧密平行排布的碳纳米管。本发明提供以下制造上述偏光元件的方法：提供一表面平整光滑的硅基底；于硅基底表面沉积上催化剂铁；将硅基底送至一反应炉；加热反应炉至650℃；通入乙炔与氩的混合气体至反应炉；控制混合气体的流量，使催化剂温度与反应炉的温度差至少在50℃以上；控制乙炔与氩气体的混合比例，使混合气体的气压不高于0.2，最好不高于0.1；一系列碳纳米管从基底长出；用一夹具夹住并抽拉一束碳纳米管；一碳纳米管绳于抽拉方向形成；将上述碳纳米管绳紧密平行排配于一透明基板。

Description

一种偏光元件及其制造方法
【技术领域】
本发明是关于一种光学器件及其制造方法，特别是关于一种偏光元件及其制造方法。
【背景技术】
偏光元件是一种重要的光学器件，被广泛应用于太阳镜和液晶显示器中。现在广泛应用的一种偏光元件，可吸收一个偏振态的光，而另一偏振态的光则通过偏光元件。此种偏光元件通常采用这样一种方法制得：将二向色性分子溶于或吸收在高分子物质中，如聚乙烯醇，并将所得薄膜以一个方向拉伸配列二向色性分子。这时，二向色性分子沿着拉伸方向有规则排列起来，形成一条条长链。在入射光波中，光振动方向平行于长链方向的被吸收，垂直于长链方向的能透过，所以透射光成为线偏振光。此种偏光元件也可以通过将二向色性分子吸收在单轴拉伸的聚合物膜上的方法来生产。
由于此种偏光元件的制造需要高分子聚合物作为偏光膜，而应用高分子聚合物作为偏光膜的偏光元件于50℃以上使用一段时间后，偏光膜的偏光率减少，甚至失去偏光作用。而且此类偏光元件对湿度要求也较高，一旦工作环境恶劣，湿度大，偏光元件将失去偏光作用。
【发明内容】
本发明目的在于提供一种耐高温高湿的偏光元件。
本发明另一目的在于提供一种耐高温高湿的偏光元件的制造方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的，提供一偏光元件，其包括一透明基板和一分布于基板上的偏光膜，上述偏光膜包括一系列紧密平行排布的碳纳米管。上述碳纳米管直径为0.4～30nm。当光入射时，偏振方向平行于碳纳米管长度方向的光被吸收，而偏振方向垂直于碳纳米管长度方向的光透过，从而透过光形成线偏振光。
对于上述偏光元件，本发明提供以下制造方法：
(1)提供一表面平整光滑的硅基底；
(2)于硅基底表面沉积上一厚为5nm的铁催化剂膜；
(3)将沉积有催化剂的硅基底送至一反应炉；
(4)加热反应炉至650℃；
(5)通入乙炔与氩的混合气体至反应炉；
(6)控制混合气体的流量，使催化剂温度与反应炉的温度差至少在50℃以上；
(7)控制乙炔与氩气体的混合比例，使混合气体的气压不高于0.2，最好不高于0.1；
(8)一系列碳纳米管从基底长出；
(9)用一夹具夹住并抽拉一束碳纳米管；
(10)一碳纳米管绳于抽拉方向形成；
(11)将上述碳纳米管绳紧密平行排配于透明基板。
相对于现有技术，本发明的偏光元件具有以下优点：可于高温高湿环境下工作，使用寿命长、不易损伤，且偏光度高，对紫外光偏光度可达0.92。
【附图说明】
图1是本发明的偏光元件的示意图；
图2是本发明抽拉碳纳米管绳的示意图。
【具体实施方式】
请参阅图1，本发明的偏光元件1，包括一透明基板10和一分布于基板上的偏光膜12，上述偏光膜包括一系列紧密平行排布的碳纳米管14。由于平行排布的碳纳米管14直径为0.4～30nm，因此，此偏光元件1可对紫外及波长大于紫外的光进行偏光，其对紫外范围的光的偏光度可达0.92。当光波入射时，振动方向平行于碳纳管14长度方向的光被吸收，垂直于碳纳管14长度方向的光能透过，所以透射光成为线偏振光。
制造上述偏光元件1，本发明提供以下一种方法：
首先先制得一碳纳米管阵列：提供一表面平整光滑硅基底，用电子束沉积方法于平整光滑的硅基底上形成一厚为5nm的铁催化剂薄膜，在温度400℃下热处理10小时；将硅基底送至反应炉，加热反应炉至650℃；通入氩气体，然后通入30sccm乙炔与300sccm氩混合气体；反应5～30分钟后，碳纳米管阵列于硅基底上形成，碳纳米管直径为0.4～30nm；将反应炉冷却至室温；
请参阅图2，制得碳纳米管阵列11后，用一镊子(图未示)夹住一束碳纳米管，施加0.1mN的力抽拉，由于范德华力的作用，碳纳米管束端部首尾连接在一起；沿抽拉方向一碳纳米管绳16形成，其宽度为200μm；
获得碳纳米管绳16后，将其紧密平行排配于透明基板10，即可获得偏光元件1(如图1所示)。
同样，获得碳纳米管绳16后，可将其排配于一框体，且碳纳米管14彼此平行。
要获得能抽拉碳纳米管绳16的碳纳米管阵列，必须满足以下三个条件：
1.基底表面平整光滑；
2.生长速率高；
3.反应前体分压低。
经大量实验表明，催化剂和反应炉的温度差越大，生长速率越高，通常至少要控制催化剂与反应炉的温度差在50℃以上。在实验时，催化剂的温度可通过乙炔的流量来控制。反应前体的分压可通过改变通入的乙炔与氩的比例来控制，通常反应前体的分压不高于0.2，最好不高于0.1。
碳纳米管绳16的宽度可由抽拉工具的尖端尺寸控制，尖端尺寸越小，获得的碳纳米管绳宽度越小。碳纳米管绳16的长度由碳纳米管阵列的面积决定，通常1cm2的碳纳米管阵列可抽拉出长度为10cm的碳纳米管绳。抽拉碳纳米管绳16的力的大小由碳纳米管绳16的宽度决定，宽度越大，所需的力越大。
另于本发明创造中，生长碳纳米管阵列所用的氩气体可用其它惰性气体。催化剂可用其它过渡金属，如钴，镍等。乙炔可用其它碳氢化合物代替，如甲烷，乙烯等。
由于碳纳米管的机械强度大(为钢的100倍)，熔点高，耐湿，所以由碳纳米管所制得的偏光膜12，耐磨损且可于高温高湿的环境下工作。此外，由于碳纳米管的直径仅为0.4～30nm，可对紫外及波长大于紫外的光进行偏光，其对紫外范围的光的偏光度可达到0.92。
尽管结合优选实施方案具体展示和介绍了本发明，但所属领域的技术人员应明白，在形式上和细节上可以对本发明做出各种变化，而不会脱离所附权利要求书所限定的本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (15)

1.一种偏光元件，包括一支撑体和一由支撑体支撑的偏光膜，其特征在于，偏光膜包括一系列平行排配的碳纳米管。
2.根据权利要求1所述的偏光元件，其特征在于碳纳米管直径为0.4～30nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的偏光元件，其特征在于该支撑体为一透明基板，偏光膜分布于基板表面。
4.根据权利要求1所述的偏光元件，其特征在于该支撑体为一框体，偏光膜由框体支撑。
5.一种制造如权利要求1所述的偏光元件的方法，其特征在于包括下列步骤：
(1)提供一表面平整光滑的基底；
(2)于基底表面沉积上催化剂；
(3)将沉积有催化剂的基底送至一反应炉；
(4)加热反应炉至一预定温度；
(5)通入碳氢化合物与惰性气体的混合气体至反应炉；
(6)控制混合气体的流量，使催化剂温度与反应炉的温度差在至少50℃以上；
(7)控制碳氢化合物与惰性气体的混合比例，使碳氢化合物气体的分压不高于0.2；
(8)一系列碳纳米管从基底长出；
(9)夹住并抽拉一束碳纳米管；
(10)一碳纳米管绳于抽拉方向形成；
(11)将上述碳纳米管绳紧密平行排配于一支撑体。
6.根椐权利要求5所述的制造偏光元件的方法，其特征在于步骤(1)中所用催化剂为铁。
7.根椐权利要求6所述的制造偏光元件的方法，其特征在于步骤(1)中在平整光滑的基底上沉积上一厚为5nm的铁催化剂薄膜。
8.根椐权利要求5所述的制造偏光元件的方法，其特征在于步骤(1)后将沉积有催化剂的基底在温度400℃下热处理10小时。
9.根椐权利要求5所述的制造偏光元件的方法，其特征在于步骤(4)中加热反应炉至650℃。
10.根椐权利要求5所述的制造偏光元件的方法，其特征在于步骤(5)之前，通入氩气体。
11.根椐权利要求5所述的制造偏光元件的方法，其特征在于所用的碳氢化合物为乙炔，惰性气体为氩气体。
12.根椐权利要求11所述的制造偏光元件的方法，其特征在于通入的乙炔的流量为30sccm，氩气体的流量为300sccm。
13.根椐权利要求5所述的制造偏光元件的方法，其特征在于步骤(8)后将反应炉冷却至室温。
14.根椐权利要求5所述的制造偏光元件的方法，其特征在于步骤(7)中，碳氢化合物气体的分压最好不高于0.1。
15.根椐权利要求5所述的制造偏光元件的方法，其特征在于步骤(8)中，生成的碳纳米管直径为0.4～30nm。
CNB021347190A 2002-09-10 2002-09-10 一种偏光元件及其制造方法 Expired - Lifetime CN1281982C (zh)

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US10/335,282 US7054064B2 (en) 2002-09-10 2002-12-31 Optical polarizer and method for fabricating such optical polarizer
JP2003007569A JP4122237B2 (ja) 2002-09-10 2003-01-15 偏光素子及びその製造方法

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CN102073072A (zh) * 2009-11-25 2011-05-25 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 光学装置及其光学元件
CN102468402A (zh) * 2010-11-17 2012-05-23 展晶科技(深圳)有限公司 发光二极管封装结构及其制造方法
CN103979486A (zh) * 2013-02-12 2014-08-13 波音公司 使用纳米管链接制造纤维的系统和方法
CN103979486B (zh) * 2013-02-12 2017-11-24 波音公司 使用纳米管链接制造纤维的系统和方法
CN105182611A (zh) * 2015-10-23 2015-12-23 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种光学膜片、背光模组及显示装置
CN107337192A (zh) * 2016-04-28 2017-11-10 清华大学 一种碳纳米管绳的制备方法
CN110300726A (zh) * 2017-01-19 2019-10-01 剑桥企业有限公司 碳纳米管材料，用于生产和处理该碳纳米管材料的方法
CN107783341A (zh) * 2017-10-31 2018-03-09 平潭诚信智创科技有限公司 一种用于液晶显示屏的透明导电基板的制备方法
CN110119032A (zh) * 2018-02-05 2019-08-13 清华大学 一种产生远红外偏振光的方法
CN109343166A (zh) * 2018-12-05 2019-02-15 中国科学技术大学 基于多壁碳纳米管的微偏振片阵列及其制作方法

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