CN1447758A - 车辆的混合系统 - Google Patents

车辆的混合系统 Download PDF

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CN1447758A
CN1447758A CN01814382A CN01814382A CN1447758A CN 1447758 A CN1447758 A CN 1447758A CN 01814382 A CN01814382 A CN 01814382A CN 01814382 A CN01814382 A CN 01814382A CN 1447758 A CN1447758 A CN 1447758A
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speed
change
rotating machine
power
revolutions
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野津育朗
冈崎昭仁
佐佐木正和
西川省吾
仁科充广
合田英明
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UD Trucks Corp
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UD Trucks Corp
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Priority claimed from JP2000315753A external-priority patent/JP3940260B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP2000315757A external-priority patent/JP2002120602A/ja
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/30—Control strategies involving selection of transmission gear ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/48—Drive Train control parameters related to transmissions
    • B60L2240/486—Operating parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/10—Change speed gearings
    • B60W2510/1015—Input shaft speed, e.g. turbine speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/16—Ratio selector position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/10—Change speed gearings
    • B60W2710/1011—Input shaft speed, e.g. turbine speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
    • F16H61/0403—Synchronisation before shifting
    • F16H2061/0422—Synchronisation before shifting by an electric machine, e.g. by accelerating or braking the input shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/12—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with means for synchronisation not incorporated in the clutches
    • F16H3/126—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with means for synchronisation not incorporated in the clutches using an electric drive
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/915—Specific drive or transmission adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/917—Specific drive or transmission adapted for hev with transmission for changing gear ratio
    • Y10S903/919—Stepped shift
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/946—Characterized by control of driveline clutch
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19—Gearing
    • Y10T74/19219—Interchangeably locked
    • Y10T74/19284—Meshing assisters

Abstract

提供一种车辆混合系统，它具有发动机(1)、变速箱(4)、连接和断开发动机(1)与变速箱(4)之间的离合器(3)、电动发电机(2)、将电动发电机(2)的回转输入到变速器的传动机构(5)、及储存从电动发电机(2)供给的电力的蓄电元件(7)。控制步骤(20)判定变速箱(4)的变速指令，当进行变速指令判定时切断离合器(3)，使变速器输入轴回转速度为变速动作要求的目标回转速度地控制电动发电机(2)的回转。

Description

车辆的混合系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在车辆的动力源具有发动机和旋转电机(电动发电机)的所谓平行方式的混合系统。
背景技术
作为平行方式的混合系统，在日本专利申请的特愿平11-160759号中提出了这样的混合系统，该混合系统具有发动机、将输入轴的回转变速后从输出轴传递到车轮的变速器、使发动机的输出轴和变速器的输入轴接合和脱离的离合器、兼作电动机和发电机的旋转电机、连接旋转电机的输入输出轴和变速器的输入轴的动力传递机构、存储从旋转电机供给的电力的蓄电元件。
在这样的先有申请例中，可以考虑由于通过动力传递机构在变速器的输入轴作用旋转电机的摩擦和惯性力，所以，变速时同步机构的负担大，变速时间(同步时间)变长。
发明的公开
本发明的目的在于使得在混合系统的变速器中变速动作平滑而且迅速地进行。
本发明的车辆的混合系统具有发动机、将输入轴的回转变速后从输出轴传递到车轮的变速器、接合和脱离发动机的输出轴与变速器的输入轴的离合器、兼作电动机和发电机的旋转电机、连接旋转电机的输入输出轴与变速器的输入轴的动力传递机构、存储从旋转电机供给的电力的蓄电元件。另外，还具有判断变速器的变速指令的装置、变速指令判定时切断离合器的装置、使变速器输入轴回转速度成为变速动作要求的目标回转速度地控制上述旋转电机的回转的装置。
因此，在本发明中，由旋转电机的旋转控制将变速器的输入轴的回转速度收敛到目标回转速度，目标段的回转速度迅速地进入到同步区域，所以，可减轻同步时间的缩短和同步机构的负荷。
附图的简单说明
图1为示出本发明的实施形式的系统的示意图。
图2为该系统的动作说明图。
图3为该系统的动作说明图。
图4为该系统的动作说明图。
图5为该系统的动作说明图。
图6为该系统的动作说明图。
图7为该系统的动作说明图。
图8为说明该系统的控制内容的流程图。
图9为说明该系统的发动机与电动机的输出分配的图。
图10为说明该系统的控制内容的流程图。
图11为说明该系统的控制内容的流程图。
实施发明的最佳形式
如图1所示，车辆的动力传动系具有发动机1、变速箱4(变速器)、设置于发动机1的输出轴12(曲轴)与变速箱4的输入轴41之间的离合器3。
发动机1的输出通过离合器3传递到变速箱4的输入轴41，在车辆行走时，从变速箱4的输出轴42通过图中未示出的传动轴、差动轴、及驱动轴朝左右车轮传递。
发动机1由柴油机或CNG发动机(将压缩天然气体作为燃料)构成。发动机1的输出由发动机电子控制装置(ECU)10如后述那样控制。
离合器3由离合器促动器31进行接合和脱离控制，另外，变速箱4如后述那样根据驾驶者的变速指令使离合器3接合和脱离，同时，由齿轮轴促动器43进行齿轮的切换。变速箱4为带离合器的变速器，但其变速动作根据变速杆装置23的变速操作信号由齿轮轴促动器43进行变速动作，该变速杆装置23发出与驾驶者操作的变速用变速杆的位置对应的齿轮位置指令。
在车辆的动力传动系还具有电动发电机2、连接电动发电机2的输入输出轴21与变速箱4的输入轴41的传动机构5、接合和脱离电动发电机2与传动机构5之间的电动机离合器(第2离合器)60。
电动发电机2从高效率和小型轻量化的面考虑，使用永久磁铁型同步电动机(IPM同步电动机)。电动发电机2通过逆变器6连接到蓄电元件7。
逆变器6将蓄电元件7的充电电力(直流电力)变换成交流电力供给到电动发电机2，作为电动机驱动。另外，逆变器6将电动发电机2的发电电力(交流电力)变换成直流电力，对蓄电元件7进行充电。
在蓄电元件7，为了在短时间内无浪费、高效率地再生制动能量，使用易于相对车辆的电池容许质量确保必要的输出密度的双电荷电容器。
传动机构5由连接到电动发电机2的输入输出轴21的驱动齿轮51、连接到变速箱4的输入轴41的从动齿轮53、与其啮合的空转齿轮52构成。
电动发电机2的输出回转通过传动机构5减速后，传递到变速箱4的输入轴41。另外，车辆的能量再生时，变速箱4的输入轴41的回转通过传动机构5增速，传递到电动发电机2的输入输出轴21，进行发电作用。
为了控制上述离合器3、变速箱4、逆变器6、发动机ECU10等，具有混合ECU20。
在混合ECU20，输入来自发生与变速用的变速杆的位置对应的齿轮位置指令的变速杆装置23、检测加速踏板的踏下量(加速要求量)的油门开度22、检测制动操作量(制动要求量)的制动传感器26、检测变速箱4的输出转速的传感器44、检测传动机构5的齿轮回转速度的传感器54(变速箱4的输入回转速度传感器)、检测离合器3的接合和脱离的离合器位置传感器29、及图中未示出的检测变速箱4的变速位置的齿轮位置传感器、及检测蓄电元件7的蓄电量(SOC)的残余量仪等的各信号。另外，还供给输入到发动机ECU10I的发动机回转传感器13的检测信号。
混合ECU20根据这些各种信号和来自发动机ECU10的信息信号控制离合器促动器31、齿轮轴促动器43、逆变器6，同时，向发动机ECU10发送发动机输出要求信号。
混合ECU20与发动机ECU10之间通过通信控制装置进行双向连接，如后述那样进行各种协调控制。
下面，说明该混合ECU20的控制内容。
当仅由电动发电机2的输出进行车辆的起步和行走时，在切断离合器3的状态下，可从电动发电机2获得与加速操作量对应的输出地控制逆变器6。电动发电机2的输出如图2所示那样通过传动机构5传递到变速箱4的输入轴41，从变速箱4的输出轴42将回转传递到传动轴。
当仅由发动机1的输出进行行走时，向发动机ECU10发送输出要求信号，同时，在连接离合器3的状态下，停止电动发电机2的运行。发动机ECU10可获得与加速操作量相应的输出地控制发动机1的燃料供给量，该发动机1的输出如图3所示那样通过离合器3传递到变速箱4的输入轴41，从变速箱4的输出轴42传递到传动轴49。
当在车辆的行走过程中并用电动发电机2的输出和发动机1的输出时，在连接离合器3的状态下，将输出要求信号发送到发动机ECU10，同时，可从电动发电机2获得输出地控制逆变器6。电动发电机2的输出如图4所示那样通过传动机构5传递到输入轴41，与从发动机1通过离合器3传递的输出一起，通过此时的变速齿轮从变速箱4的输出轴42传递到传动轴49。
车辆制动时，只要向蓄电元件7的充电可能，由伴随着制动操作的再生制动力使电动发电机2发电地控制逆变器6。车轮的回转如图5所示那样从传动轴、从变速箱4的输出轴42、并通过传动机构5传递到电动发电机2的输入输出轴21。这样，进行电动发电机2的再生发电，其电力通过逆变器6向蓄电元件7充电。即，减速时车辆能量由电动发电机2的发电变换为电能，回收到蓄电元件7。制动要求量不足量也可由电子控制制动器(图中未示出)的制动力等补充。
车辆停止时向蓄电元件7充电的场合，变速箱4在中立时连接离合器3。发动机1的回转如图6所示那样从离合器3传递到变速箱4的输入轴41和传动机构5和电动发电机2的输入输出轴21。因此，由发动机1的输出进行电动发电机2的发电，其电力用于蓄电元件7的充电。
在仅由发动机1的输出进行行走的状态(参照图3)下，当向蓄电元件7进行充电时，将电动发电机2作为发电机作动。发动机1的输出如图7所示那样经由离合器3传递到变速箱4的输入轴41，通过变速箱4的输出轴42传递到传动轴49，此外，通过传动机构5传递到电动发电机2的输入输出轴21。
可是，混合ECU20如上述那样在车辆起步时或行走时等切断离合器3，仅由电动发电机2产生必要的驱动力，但当蓄电元件7的蓄电量下降时，通过将来自发动机1的输出加到驱动力，可进行效率良好的运行。
图8为用于该控制的流程图，在混合ECU20按规定的控制周期实施。
在步骤1，判断蓄电元件7的蓄电量是否在规定值以下。当该判定为否时，即蓄电量足够时，前进到步骤2，在切断离合器3的状态下，仅由电动发电机2的输出进行行走。此时，与加速操作量相当的输出可从电动发电机2获得地控制逆变器6。
在步骤1当蓄电量在规定值以下时，转移到步骤3-步骤6。
在步骤3，连接离合器3，形成可从发动机1传递动力的状态。然后，在步骤4，根据蓄电元件7的蓄电量，从图9的图求出发动机1的输出分配比和电动发电机2的输出分配比。
该图以蓄电元件7的蓄电量(SOC)作为参数，设定发动机1的输出和电动发电机2的输出的分配比，当蓄电量大时电动发电机2的输出分配增大，当蓄电量小时，发动机1的输出分配比例提高。
在步骤5，根据这样求出的分配比和此时的加速操作量，决定实际的发动机1的输出和电动发电机2的输出。在步骤6，将与发动机1的分配输出相当的输出要求信号发送到发动机ECU10，同时，获得电动发电机2的分配输出地控制逆变器6。
这样，在蓄电元件7的蓄电量(SOC)足够的场合，在切断离合器3的状态下，仅由电动发电机2的输出进行起步和行走。
当由电动发电机2的驱动运行消耗电力使蓄电量下降到规定值以下时，离合器3接合，从发动机1辅助输出，从而可在满足车辆的要求的驱动特性的同时扩大电动发电机2的运行区域。由于随着蓄电量下降电动发电机2的输出分配下降，所以，可防止蓄电元件7完全放电。
在由发动机1的输出驱动车辆的运行状态下(参照图3)，根据产生驾驶者操作的变速用的变速杆的位置对应的齿轮位置指令的变速杆装置23的变速操作信号由齿轮轴促动器43进行变速动作，但由于在此时的变速箱4的输入轴41作用传动机构5和电动发电机2的摩擦力或惯性力，所以，变速时同步机构的负担大，变速时间(同步时间)变长。
因此，在该发明中，为了缩短该变速动作，混合ECU20在变速时由电动发电机2控制输入轴41的回转，支承变速箱4的同步动作。
下面根据图10的流程图说明该控制动作。
首先，在步骤1根据变速杆装置23的齿轮位置指令判定是否发生变速指令(齿轮位置指令的变化)。该判定在否时跳向结束。
当步骤1的判定为是时，即发生变速指令时，依次处理步骤2-步骤8。
在步骤2和步骤3，切断离合器3，同时，将变速箱4设置中立位置(脱开齿轮)。
在步骤4，根据与变速杆装置23的齿轮位置指令相当的目标档的齿轮比和变速箱4的输出回转速度(传感器44的检测信号)求出变速箱4的输入轴41的目标回转速度。
在步骤5，变速箱4的输入轴41的回转速度(根据传感器54的检测信号求出)与目标回转速度一致地控制电动发电机2的回转。
在步骤6，判定变速箱4的输入轴41的回转速度是否进入到相对目标回转速度的同步区域。该判定为是时，前进到步骤7和步骤8，将齿轮换到目标档，同时，接合离合器3，离合器3连接后，停止电动发电机2的回转控制。
这样，在变速箱4的变速控制中，利用电动发电机2进行回转控制，迅速地使变速箱4的输入轴41的回转速度收敛到相对目标回转速度的同步区域，所以，可获得大幅度促进同步时间缩短和同步机构的负荷减轻的效果。
下面，说明安装到上述电动发电机2与传动机构5之间的第2离合器60的脱离和接合控制。
图11为用于控制第2离合器的流程图，在混合ECU20中，对各规定的控制周期实施。
在步骤1，进行是否存在电动发电机2的驱动要求的判定。当该判定结果为是时，前进到步骤2，接合第2离合器60(电动机离合器)。在步骤3，驱动电动发电机2进行输出回转。
该电动发电机2的驱动要求不限于上述变速箱4的变速动作时，当仅由上述电动发电机2驱动车辆时，或并用发动机1和电动发电机2驱动车辆时，由发动机1驱动电动发电机2进行发电动作时，为了在减速时使车辆具有的行走能量再生而使电动发电机2进行发电动作时等输出。
而在没有驱动要求时即发动机1的判定为否时，在步骤4切断第2离合器60。
这样，在电动发电机2的运行停止时，通过切断第2离合器60，仅由发动机1的输出行走时等，电动发电机2的惯性质量和摩擦的量、驱动系的负荷减轻，可降低发动机1的燃料费用。另外，由驾驶者的操作进行变速箱4的变速动作时，接合第2离合器60，由电动发电机2支持同步动作。
第2离合器60也可设置到变速箱4的输入轴41与传动机构5之间。
产业上利用的可能性
本发明为可作为车辆的驱动源利用的平行混合驱动系统。

Claims (3)

1.一种混合系统，具有发动机、对输入轴的回转进行变速后从输出轴传递到车轮的变速器、接合和脱离发动机的输出轴与变速器的输入轴的离合器、兼作电动机和发电机的旋转电机、连接旋转电机的输入输出轴与变速器的输入轴的动力传递机构、存储从旋转电机供给的电力的蓄电元件；其特征在于：具有判断变速器的变速指令的装置、变速指令判定时切断离合器的装置、使变速器输入轴回转速度成为变速动作所要求的目标回转速度地控制上述旋转电机的回转的装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合系统，其特征在于：上述控制装置从基于变速指令的目标齿轮和变速器输出轴回转速度求出变速器输入轴目标回转速度，使变速器输入轴的回转速度大体与该目标回转速度一致地控制上述旋转电机的回转速度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的混合系统，其特征在于：在上述旋转电机与动力传递机构间或动力传递机构与变速器之间安装第2离合器，当没有上述旋转电机的驱动要求时上述控制装置切断第2离合器。
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