CN1420290A - 把轴套安装在轴上的方法和用于安装的轴套装置 - Google Patents

把轴套安装在轴上的方法和用于安装的轴套装置 Download PDF

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CN1420290A
CN1420290A CN02149599A CN02149599A CN1420290A CN 1420290 A CN1420290 A CN 1420290A CN 02149599 A CN02149599 A CN 02149599A CN 02149599 A CN02149599 A CN 02149599A CN 1420290 A CN1420290 A CN 1420290A
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CN1232742C (zh
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斯蒂勒·厄斯特灵
乌诺·阿克塞尔松
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C35/06—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
    • F16C35/07—Fixing them on the shaft or housing with interposition of an element
    • F16C35/073—Fixing them on the shaft or housing with interposition of an element between shaft and inner race ring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
    • F16D1/06—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end
    • F16D1/08—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key
    • F16D1/09—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key with radial clamping due to axial loading of at least one pair of conical surfaces
    • F16D1/093—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key with radial clamping due to axial loading of at least one pair of conical surfaces using one or more elastic segmented conical rings forming at least one of the conical surfaces, the rings being expanded or contracted to effect clamping
    • F16D1/095—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key with radial clamping due to axial loading of at least one pair of conical surfaces using one or more elastic segmented conical rings forming at least one of the conical surfaces, the rings being expanded or contracted to effect clamping with clamping effected by ring contraction only
    • F16D1/096—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key with radial clamping due to axial loading of at least one pair of conical surfaces using one or more elastic segmented conical rings forming at least one of the conical surfaces, the rings being expanded or contracted to effect clamping with clamping effected by ring contraction only the ring or rings being located between the shaft and the hub
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/04—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly
    • F16C19/06—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly with a single row or balls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2226/00—Joining parts; Fastening; Assembling or mounting parts
    • F16C2226/10—Force connections, e.g. clamping
    • F16C2226/16—Force connections, e.g. clamping by wedge action, e.g. by tapered or conical parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C23/00—Bearings for exclusively rotary movement adjustable for aligning or positioning
    • F16C23/06—Ball or roller bearings
    • F16C23/08—Ball or roller bearings self-adjusting
    • F16C23/082—Ball or roller bearings self-adjusting by means of at least one substantially spherical surface
    • F16C23/084—Ball or roller bearings self-adjusting by means of at least one substantially spherical surface sliding on a complementary spherical surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2300/00—Application independent of particular apparatuses
    • F16C2300/02—General use or purpose, i.e. no use, purpose, special adaptation or modification indicated or a wide variety of uses mentioned
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/70—Interfitted members
    • Y10T403/7041—Interfitted members including set screw
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/70—Interfitted members
    • Y10T403/7047—Radially interposed shim or bushing
    • Y10T403/7051—Wedging or camming
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/70—Interfitted members
    • Y10T403/7047—Radially interposed shim or bushing
    • Y10T403/7051—Wedging or camming
    • Y10T403/7052—Engaged by axial movement
    • Y10T403/7058—Split or slotted bushing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/70—Interfitted members
    • Y10T403/7062—Clamped members
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/70—Interfitted members
    • Y10T403/7062—Clamped members
    • Y10T403/7064—Clamped members by wedge or cam
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/21—Elements
    • Y10T74/2173—Cranks and wrist pins

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Abstract

轴套装置包括纵向剖分的轴套(4)，轴套是锥形的，和与有相应的锥形孔的机械元件(1)配合，环形法兰(5)与轴套(4)连接和支承多个分开的紧固装置(6)，紧固装置被顶压对着机械元件增加轴、轴套和机械元件之间的夹紧，轴套和法兰有配合装置防止轴套和法兰作相互相对的角度运动，安装轴套装置的方法包括放置轴套包住轴，环形法兰放置成紧固装置对着机械元件，对着轴套的缝紧固第一紧固装置，再紧固另外的紧固装置。

Description

把轴套安装在轴上的方法 和用于安装的轴套装置
技术领域
本发明涉及把轴套装置，特别是轴向纵向分开的轴套安装在轴上的方法和用于安装的轴套装置。
背景技术
轴向分开的轴套已长期使用，例如用来把机械零件(如轮、链轮和轴承内环)安装在轴或其它圆柱形的机械元件上。
在SE 512651中公开了一个实例，其中示出和说明了一个轴承，该轴承通过剖分的轴套连接到轴上。在该实施例中，轴套的外包套表面是一个总的为斜的锯齿形，这个形式对本发明是不重要的，和轴套可以是例如一个连续的锥形的、纵向剖分的轴套。该轴套配有法兰，法兰有轴向延伸的通孔，各通孔插进一个固定螺钉，用来对着机械元件紧固。在该实施例中，示出一个轴承内座圈环，该环有一个内包套表面，以便造成机械元件和轴套的相对的轴向位移，因而使轴、轴套和机械元件之间增加夹紧。
经验表明这对于进行连接是很重要的，以该次序紧固螺钉，由于无序的紧固，在以后转动会导致轴套的振动，这是很难处理的。
发明内容
为实现本发明的目的是提出一个安装方法，该方法可减少以后转动操作时在安装连接中的振动。
本发明的上述目的，本发明提供了一种把轴套装置，特别是一个轴向地、纵向剖分的轴套安装在轴上的方法，其中所述的轴套有一个沿轴向延伸的缝，所述的轴套是锥形的，和用来与有相应的锥形孔的机械元件配合，和其中一个径向延伸的环形法兰与轴套沿轴向连接和支承多个分开的紧固装置，紧固装置被顶压对着机械元件防止机械元件和轴套的相互位移用来增加轴、轴套和机械元件之间的夹紧，其特征在于，为了达到在安装的装置中低的振动倾向，所述的方法包括如下步骤：放置所述的轴套包括所述的轴，所述的环形法兰放置成紧固装置对着机械元件；在沿着与所述的轴套的缝为径向相对的位置紧固第一紧固装置；接着紧固另外的紧固装置。
为实现本发明的上述目的，本发明还提供了一种实施按照权利要求1的方法的轴套装置，轴套装置包括一个轴向地、纵向剖分的轴套，其中所述的轴套是锥形的，和用来与有相应的锥形孔的机械元件配合，和其中一个径向延伸的环形法兰与轴套沿轴向连接和支承多个分开的紧固装置，紧固装置被顶压对着机械元件防止机械元件和轴套的相互位移用来增加轴、轴套和机械元件之间的夹紧，其特征在于所述的轴套和所述的法兰有配合装置用来防止轴套和法兰作相互相对的角度运动。
附图说明
下面参照附图通过安装轴套装置和安装方法的实施例来进一步说明本发明，附图中：
图1示意地示出用按照本发明的安装轴套装置装到轴上的一个轴承；
图2示意地示出本发明的剖分式轴套的透视图和该轴套配有的法兰；
图3的放大比例示出轴套和法兰的细节；
图4示出轴套装置的另一个实施例的轴套和法兰的一部分；
图5-8示意地示出按照本发明安装轴套装置的方法。
具体实施方式
图1以剖面图示意地示出通过本发明类型的轴套装置3把所谓的插入轴承1连接到一个轴2上。图1所示的安排与SE 512651 C2所述的轴承单元相当，和轴套装置3包括一个轴套4，在该实施例中轴套4有一个外包套表面，该表面带有多个连续的锯齿形锥形部分，与内轴承环内表面的互补的结构配合。虽然图中没示出，但是该轴套是一个剖分的，优选地有轴向延伸的缝。在一个轴向端，轴套4连接一个法兰5，该法兰有比轴套更大的径向尺寸，和法兰有通孔用于插入紧固装置6，紧固装置可以是固定螺钉，安排成延伸通过孔，和紧固后压对着要连接到轴2上的机械元件，也就是插入轴承1的内环，因此引起内环和轴套之间的轴向位移，由于配合的锥形表面部分的相对运动引起轴、轴套和内环之间增加的夹紧。配合表面不必须是锯齿形，但是各表面可形成一个单一的锥形部分，和虽然示出紧固装置6是延伸通过与轴向倾斜的孔的固定螺钉，但是紧固装置也可以是沿着轴向延伸的孔安排的螺钉等。
图2以透视图示出本发明轴套装置3的一个实施例。在该图中也清楚地示出轴套4有轴向延伸的缝7，和该实施例也有一系列连续的锯齿形部分8。环形法兰5有三个均匀分布的紧固装置，或螺钉6。
图3是图2的轴套装置的放大图，从图3可清楚地看出，环形法兰5的内边缘有一个平的舌片9，向内突起和设在缝7中，因此限制了轴套4和法兰5沿圆周方向相互相对运动的可能性。在该实施例中，平的舌片9设在径向与一个紧固装置6相对。这意味着三个紧固装置6中没有一个位于缝7的位置。
图4中示出轴套装置的另一个实施例的细节，通过从轴套4径向向外突出和进入环形法兰的内边缘的凹槽11中的一个平的舌片10而防止轴套4和法兰5沿圆周方向作即使很小的相对运动。图中可见，凹槽11设成邻近紧固装置6中的一个。
虽然上述的本发明的两个实施例装有配合装置防止元件间相互相对的自由的角度运动，但是这种装置不是必须的，设置进入轴套的缝或进入法兰的凹槽的舌片将便于在安装操作中处理轴套装置。
在图5-8中示意地示出了本发明的安装方法的四个连续的步骤。
图5的剖面示出了轴的开始的位置，和套在其上的轴套4，轴套的缝面向上。
图6示出了安装的第一步，其中第一紧固装置6放在与缝7径向相对的位置。这里用箭头2示出紧固装置，显示的模式只是为了简化，应该明白紧固装置6优选地是一个固定螺钉，(如图1-4所示)，其纵向沿着轴2的方向。
图7示出了下一步，其中加上了第二紧固装置(如箭头1所示)。图6中箭头代表紧固螺钉等，例如如图2所示的方式放置。
图8中，最后以同样方式放上第三紧固装置6(如箭头3所示)，和完成了安装。
已经惊人地发现，按照图5-8所示的步骤进行的安装程序，安装后的机械元件进行转动时，现有技术方法安装的成问题的和严重的振动问题已大大地降低了。对于高转速，很容易看出这一改进的效果。
按照本发明安装方法的最重要的步骤是把第一紧固装置6放在剖分的轴套和缝7径向相对的位置。另两个紧固装置6放置的程序不重要，以箭头1或3标注的紧固装置在与缝径向相对的紧固装置(箭头2表示)安装后安装先后没有发现有明显的区别。
本发明也用配合装置接合轴套4与法兰5，来防止它们之间的相互的角度运动，配合装置的间隙只允许有很小的距离的运动。通过沿圆周方向有限的相互运动，保证第一紧固装置6的位置作离开其与轴套的缝相对的要求位置的错误的角度位移不会大于几度。
本发明不限于上面示出和说明的实施例，在本申请所附权利要求书的范围内可作各种改型及变化。

Claims (6)

1.一种把轴套装置(3)，特别是一个轴向地、纵向剖分的轴套(4)安装在轴(2)上的方法，其中所述的轴套有一个沿轴向延伸的缝(7)，所述的轴套是锥形的，和用来与有相应的锥形孔的机械元件(1)配合，和其中一个径向延伸的环形法兰(5)与轴套(4)沿轴向连接和支承多个分开的紧固装置(6)，紧固装置被顶压对着机械元件防止机械元件和轴套的相互位移用来增加轴(2)、轴套(4)和机械元件(1)之间的夹紧，其特征在于，
为了达到在安装的装置中低的振动倾向，所述的方法包括如下步骤：
放置所述的轴套(4)包括所述的轴(2)，所述的环形法兰(5)放置成紧固装置对着机械元件(1)；
在沿着与所述的轴套(4)的缝为径向相对的位置紧固第一紧固装置(6；2)；
接着紧固另外的紧固装置(6；2，6；3)。
2.按照权利要求1的方法，其特征在于所述的紧固装置(6)是三个均匀分布的紧固装置(6)。
3.按照权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于所述的紧固装置(6)是固定螺钉(6)。
4.一种实施按照权利要求1的方法的轴套装置(3)，轴套装置包括一个轴向地、纵向剖分的轴套(4)，其中所述的轴套是锥形的，和用来与有相应的锥形孔的机械元件(1)配合，和其中一个径向延伸的环形法兰(5)与轴套(4)沿轴向连接和支承多个分开的紧固装置(6)，紧固装置被顶压对着机械元件防止机械元件和轴套的相互位移用来增加轴(2)、轴套(4)和机械元件(1)之间的夹紧，其特征在于所述的轴套和所述的法兰(5)有配合装置(7，9；10，11)用来防止轴套(4)和法兰(5)作相互相对的角度运动。
5.按照权利要求4的轴套装置(3)，其特征在于所述的配合装置是从所述的环形法兰(5)的内边缘径向向内凸起的舌片(9)，和在剖分的轴套(4)中的缝(7)，所述的舌片(9)可突入所述的缝(7)中防止轴套和法兰之间的相对的角度运动。
6.按照权利要求4的轴套装置，其特征在于所述的配合装置是在离开所述的缝(7)的一位置从所述的轴套(4)的外包套表面径向向外突出的舌片(10)，和设在环形法兰(5)的内边缘的一个凹槽(11)，所述的舌片(10)可突入所述的凹槽(11)中防止在所述的轴套和法兰之间的相对的角度运动。
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CN102378867A (zh) * 2009-09-18 2012-03-14 爱信艾达株式会社 驱动装置
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US20030094073A1 (en) 2003-05-22

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