CN1415199A - A kind of preservative and its prepn. method - Google Patents
A kind of preservative and its prepn. method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1415199A CN1415199A CN 01132050 CN01132050A CN1415199A CN 1415199 A CN1415199 A CN 1415199A CN 01132050 CN01132050 CN 01132050 CN 01132050 A CN01132050 A CN 01132050A CN 1415199 A CN1415199 A CN 1415199A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- preservative
- acid
- meant
- alcohol
- remains
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
An antiseptic for dead body or animal is prepared from inorganic peroxide (5-20 vol%), glycerine (5-30 vol.%), alcohol (20-50 vol.%), organic acid (4-20 vol.%), catalyst (1-5 vol.%), plant extract (0.1-5 vol.%) and water (0-30 vol.%). Its advantages are multiple functions (preventing erosion, disinfecting and deodouring), and high effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the aseptic technic field, be specifically related to a kind of preservative and preparation method of the animal or human's of being used for class Gentle Repose.
Background technology
After the histocyte of animal or human's remains lost vigor, organelle disintegrations such as lysosome were decomposed in the effect undertissue of various enzymes, softening, the liquefaction of each organ, remains autolyze.Again because the digestive juice in the remains digestive organs produces autopepsia, add anoxic, bacterium and toxin thereof etc. and all quicken lysosome membrane and break.Hydrolase in the lysosome discharges in a large number and destroys cell, break-up tissue, produces the vigor that inoxidizable product has increased hydrolase again.Under the influence of the putrefying bacteria inside and outside the remains, parasite and external environment condition, dead body tissue accelerated decomposition, remains corruption that Here it is.In this process, produce poisonous foul gas such as a large amount of amine, indoles, hydrogen sulphide, produce endless loop because of the hollow viscera in the splanchnocoel expands again, thereby the remains corruption of a series of rapid variations such as smelly, black, swollen, decortication, distortion, vicious circle to have occurred.
Gentle Repose method commonly used be adopt that formaldehyde is smeared, injected, immersion or refrigerator-freezer is freezing deposits, also have with drug solution as Antisepticize and mildew preventive, as the mould enemy's solution of 0.025-0.035% concentration, or the impregnating fluid of 0.05%PM agent and the preparation of 10% ethanol etc., often contain noxious materials such as benzene, phenol, aldehyde and heavy metal, these anti-corrosion measures truly have good result to Gentle Repose, but the remains after handling have like this changed original shape before death, environment there is pollution, particularly can't repairs corrupt remains take place.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of have simultaneously antiseptic and inhibiting bacteria function, sterilization, odour repellent function, and can repair the agent of corrupt remains obvious results environment-friendly type animal or human Gentle Repose.
Preservative disclosed by the invention is that 5-20% inorganic peroxide, 5-30% glycerine, 20-50% alcohol, 4-20% organic acid, 1-5% catalyzer, 0.1-5% plant extracts and 0-30% water are formed by percent by volume.
Inorganic peroxide of the present invention is meant hydrogen peroxide, sodium peroxide, potassium peroxide etc.
Alcohol of the present invention is meant C such as methyl alcohol, ethanol, n-butanol
1-C
8Fatty alcohol or their mixture.
Organic acid of the present invention is meant C
1-C
8Fatty acid or their mixture.
Catalyzer of the present invention is meant inorganic acid catalyst, as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid etc.
Plant extracts of the present invention is meant the extract of olive subject plant, as extracts such as Chinese olive, galangal, rues.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention provides the preparation method of foregoing preservatives.
The preparation method of preservative of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1. the preparation of plant extracts
Smash to pieces after getting the olive subject plant cleaning and tidying, soaked 20-60 hour with the 95% ethanol method of deciding, 60 ℃ were soaked 10-24 hour, filter, filter residue repeats to extract once with 95% alcohol immersion, merging filtrate, with 95% ethanol dilution to 25%w/v, exchange decontamination with weak-acid cation-exchange resin, the decolouring back is standby.
2. preservative preparation
By the prescription proportioning glycerine, water are added in the nonmetallic vessel, stirred 10-15 minute, adding inorganic peroxide, catalyzer fully stir and add organic acid, pure and mild plant extracts after 5 minutes, be heated to and continue about 60 ℃ to stir 10-15 minute, left standstill then 10-15 minute, water-bath is chilled to room temperature, promptly.
A technical problem more to be solved by this invention is the application of open foregoing preservatives in animal or human's Gentle Repose.
Preservative of the present invention can be used for Gentle Repose and preservation, the making of zoological specimens and preservation, and public security system legal medical expert is to reparation of all kinds of corrupt remains etc.
Preservative substance formula disclosed by the invention is reasonable, and wherein plant extracts has stronger bactericidal action, and inorganic peroxide stops lysosomal release with glycerine, alcohol, plant extracts, and the remains self-dissolving is effectively controlled.Preservative of the present invention can suppress the growth of bacterium and mould, and the corruption of remains is controlled rapidly.Active ingredient of plant and inorganic peroxide and remains spoilage product neutralization reaction can be dispeled corrupt remains stink.The active ingredient energy thrombus of product, and energy oxidation hemosiderin has played the effect of the color spot of dispelling.
Preservative of the present invention has simultaneously to Gentle Repose, sterilization, smelly, the removing beverage and make the softening effect of remains preserved, dispel, and needn't discharge the remains inner blood when corpse is handled, and does not have corpse liquid during operation and oozes out.Because preservative of the present invention does not contain harmful substance and heavy metal noxious materials such as benzene, phenol, aldehyde, free from environmental pollution again, remains only need to preserve under room temperature state, are the several years, do not need refrigerator cold-storage.Because its softening and effect of dispelling spots is convenient to lift face and cosmetic, the appearance of remains is more pressed close to serene sleep shape.(see the applicant's Chinese invention patent application number: 00125470.7) by using the function that this product and specially treated technology have highly corrupt remains, drowned corrupt remains to return to normal.Product of the present invention once was used to Luoyang City " 12.25 " the fire disaster incident that shocks the world and " 3.16 " Shijiazhuang explosive incident, all received special effect.
Carry out the test of safety toxicological evaluation with preservative of the present invention:
One, acute toxicity on inhalation test:
Purpose: understand the toxicity intensity after sample sucks, obtain median lethal concentration (LD
50)
1. sample proterties: colourless transparent liquid
2. given the test agent is handled: test with stoste
3. animal subject:
Kunming mouse, body weight 18-22 gram, male and female half and half provide the (quality certification number: 02-22-1) by laboratory animal portion of Shanghai Medical Univ.
4. test foundation: the disinfection technology standard third edition (Ministry of Public Health 1999.11)
5. experimental technique:
Divide 2 groups at random 5.1. animal is weighed, each 10 of male and female are put into 0.06M with a treated animal
3In the cylindrical inhalation toxicant exposure cabinet of lucite, and airtight toxicant exposure cabinet, will add the given the test agent on the electric heater in the cabinet in advance.Through the energising heated volatile, make the quiet formula of animal suck 2h, every group is carried out respectively.Consumed given the test agent.Female group, male group is 6000mg, and concentration is respectively 100000mg/m in two hours cabinets
3
5.2. symptom and the death toll of animal in two weeks of during the record contamination and contamination back.
5.3. calculate LD50 and 95% fiducial limit.
6. result:
Contaminated 15 minutes, face appears having the fidgets, grabbing in animal, and the later stage activity reduces, troops.
The acute toxicity on inhalation result of the test of table 1 animal animal sex dosage number of animals death toll lethality
(mg/m
3) (%) female mice 100,000 10 00 male mices 100,000 10 0 0LD of (only) (only)
50Value:
Jenny: LD
50＞100000mg/m
3
Buck: LD
50＞100000mg/m
3
Two, skin irritatin test
1. test objective: detect animal subject and whether produce local excitation reaction and degree thereof after to the animal skin contact.
2. material and animal:
Tried thing
2.1. proterties: colourless transparent liquid
2.2. compound method: directly test with stoste
2.3. laboratory animal:
New zealand rabbit, regular grade, four, body weight 2.5-2.8kg is provided by laboratory animal portion of Shanghai Medical Univ, the quality certification number: 02-52-1.
20 ± 2 ℃ of receptacle temperature, relative moisture 50-70%, the Animal House quality certification number: 02-28, the rabbit breeding feed is provided by Su Hang laboratory animal technology ﹠ development Co., the quality certification number: 9905084.
3. test method:
3.1. detection foundation: in the disinfection technology standard (third edition) 1999.11 3.6.
Back part of animal backbone diamond wool cut unhairing scope left and right sides Ge Yue 3 * 3cm in preceding 24 hours 3.2. test
2
3.3. second day, on the intact skin of unhairing in left side, mark 2.5 * 2.5cm
2The test region will be tried thing 0.2ml and evenly be spread upon on the test region skin, and cover with one deck glassine paper, use non-stimulated immobilization with adhesive tape again, make to be tried thing and directly contact 4h with skin, and the right side skin of unhairing compares.
3.4. remove covering after the off-test, and with warm water clean remove residual tried thing after, respectively at remove residual tried behind the thing 1,24 and 48h observe and smear the position skin reaction, by the standards of grading scoring of skin irritatin response intensity with to the classification of skin irritatin response intensity.
4. result of the test:
Tried thing contact with skin the back local skin see obvious erythema, individual animal Mild edema, do not see other toxic action.An irritant reaction scoring of rabbit skin sees Table 2.
Irritant reaction grade form of table 2 pair animal skin
| Number of animals | Sex | Body weight kg | ????????????????1h | ???????????????24h | ???????????????48h | |||||||||||||||
| Sample | Contrast | Sample | Contrast | Sample | Contrast | |||||||||||||||
| Erythema | Oedema | Total points | Erythema | Oedema | Total points | Erythema | Oedema | Total points | Erythema | Oedema | Total points | Erythema | Oedema | Total points | Erythema | Oedema | Total points | |||
| 1 | Female | 2.5 | ?2 | ?1 | ?3 | ?0 | ?0 | ?0 | ?2 | ?0 | ?2 | ?0 | ?0 | ?0 | ?2 | ?0 | ?2 | ?0 | ?0 | ?0 |
| 2 | Male | 2.7 | ?2 | ?0 | ?2 | ?0 | ?0 | ?0 | ?2 | ?0 | ?2 | ?0 | ?0 | ?0 | ?1 | ?0 | ?1 | ?0 | ?0 | ?0 |
| 3 | Female | 2.6 | ?2 | ?1 | ?2 | ?0 | ?0 | ?0 | ?2 | ?0 | ?2 | ?0 | ?0 | ?0 | ?2 | ?0 | ?2 | ?0 | ?0 | ?0 |
| 4 | Male | 2.8 | ?2 | ?0 | ?2 | ?0 | ?0 | ?0 | ?2 | ?0 | ?2 | ?0 | ?0 | ?0 | ?1 | ?0 | ?1 | ?0 | ?0 | ?0 |
| The total mark average | ???????2.2 | ????0 | ????2 | ????0 | ???????1.5 | ?????????0 | ||||||||||||||
5. conclusion:
Being tried thing is 2.2 to rabbit skin irritatin (the highest) total mark average, belongs to medium excitant.
Three, carry out the antibacterial effect test with preservative of the present invention
1. for the examination bacterial classification:
Mould is aspergillus niger, aspergillus flavus, variable color aspergillus, tangerine green plum, Trichoderma viride, Chaetomium globosum, mould, the cladosporium herbarum of Wan Shi plan green plum; Bacterium is Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, hay bacillus, Bacillus megatherium, Pseudomonas fluorescence; Saccharomycete is brewer's yeast, distillery yeast.
2. testing conditions:
Temperature: bacterium is 36 ± 1 ℃, and mould and saccharomycete are 28 ± 1 ℃
Time: bacterium and saccharomycete are 24 hours, and mould is 72 hours
3. detection method: dull and stereotyped inhibition zone method
Symbolic representation: the no inhibition zone of " 0 " expression
" X " represents no inhibition zone, and also long bacterium on the filter paper
Data representation antibacterial circle diameter, unit are millimeter.
4. test sample:
Preservative of the present invention (Shen dragon board remains are preserved impregnating fluid)
5. testing result: table 3 antibacterial effect testing result
| Sequence number | The sample title | Concentration (%) | To mould inhibition zone (mm) | To bacterium inhibition zone (mm) | To saccharomycete inhibition zone (mm) |
| ???1 | Shen dragon board remains are preserved impregnating fluid | ? ????0.5 | ? ???????/ | ? ?????21 | ? ???????/ |
| ? ???2 | Shen dragon board remains are preserved impregnating fluid | Stoste | ? ???????/ | ? ?????55 | ? ???????/ |
Result of the test shows that preservative fungistatic effect of the present invention is remarkable, to Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus megatherium, Pseudomonas fluorescence inhibition zone from 2.1-5.5cm.To Mycophyta: black-koji mould, Aspergillus flavus, variable color mould, tangerine green plum bacterium, Wan Shi intend green plum bacterium, trichoderma viride etc. from 3.2-4.2cm.
Chinese annual people's lethality is about 0.7%, and the annual about 100,000 tool remains in Shanghai City need be handled, and the whole nation has 1,000 ten thousand tool remains to handle every year approximately.Traditional formalin and refrigerator for cold are insurmountable, and exist serious environmental to pollute and energy problem.The release of preservative of the present invention will solve this difficult problem, and not only the funeral and interment with China already reaches a new high, and provide obvious results green preservative for medically preserving with the remains of public security system, repairing simultaneously, have good market prospects.
EmbodimentThe preparation of embodiment 1 Chinese olive plant extracts
Smash to pieces after getting the Chinese olive cleaning and tidying, soaked 30 hours with the 95% ethanol method of deciding, 60 ℃ were soaked 20 hours, filter, filter residue repeats to extract once merging filtrate with 95% alcohol immersion, to 25%w/v, use weak-acid cation-exchange resin exchange decontamination in Portugal's with 95% ethanol dilution, the decolouring back is standby.The preparation of embodiment 2 plant extractss
Smash to pieces after getting Chinese olive, galangal, rue cleaning and tidying, it is standby to make extract by embodiment 1 method.The preparation of embodiment 3 plant extractss
Smash to pieces after getting rue, galangal cleaning and tidying, it is standby to make extract by embodiment 1 method.
Embodiment 4 prescriptions:
Hydrogen peroxide 100ml
Glycerine 100ml
Ethanol 450ml
Acetate 150ml
Concentrated sulfuric acid 20ml
Fructus Canarii extract 30ml
Water 150ml
By the prescription proportioning glycerine, water are added in the nonmetallic vessel, stirred 15 minutes, adding hydrogen peroxide, the concentrated sulfuric acid fully stir the Fructus Canarii extract that adds acetate, ethanol after 5 minutes and make by embodiment 1 method, be heated to and continue about 60 ℃ to stir 10 minutes, left standstill then 15 minutes, water-bath is chilled to room temperature, promptly.
Embodiment 5 prescriptions:
Hydrogen peroxide 150ml
Glycerine 150ml
Ethanol 300ml
Propionic acid 100ml
Phosphoric acid 30ml
Plant extracts 35ml
Water 235ml
By the prescription proportioning, with embodiment 4 method obtain preservatives, wherein plant extracts is made by embodiment 2 methods.
Embodiment 6 prescriptions:
Hydrogen peroxide 100ml
Glycerine 300ml
Ethanol 300ml
Butyric acid 50ml
Nitric acid 20ml
Plant extracts 40ml
Water 190ml
By the prescription proportioning, with embodiment 4 method obtain preservatives, wherein plant extracts is made by embodiment 3 methods.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of preservative is characterized in that this preservative is that 5-20% inorganic peroxide, 5-30% glycerine, 20-50% alcohol, 4-20% organic acid, 1-5% catalyzer, 0.1-5% plant extracts and 0-30% water are formed by percent by volume.
2, a kind of preservative as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that wherein said inorganic peroxide is meant hydrogen peroxide, sodium peroxide and potassium peroxide.
3, a kind of preservative as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that wherein said alcohol is meant C such as methyl alcohol, ethanol, n-butanol
1-C
8Fatty alcohol or their mixture.
4, a kind of preservative as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that wherein said organic acid is meant C
1-C
8Fatty acid or their mixture.
5, a kind of preservative as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that wherein said catalyzer is meant inorganic acid catalyst, as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid etc.
6, a kind of preservative as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that wherein said thing extract is meant the extract of olive subject plant, as Chinese olive, galangal and rue extract.
7, a kind of preparation method of preservative as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the preparation method of this preservative comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of plant extracts
Smash to pieces after getting the olive subject plant cleaning and tidying, with 95% ethanol soaking at room temperature 20-60 hour, 60 ℃ are continued to soak 10-24 hour, filter, filter residue repeats to extract once with 95% alcohol immersion, merging filtrate, with 95% ethanol dilution to 25%w/v, exchange decontamination with weak-acid cation-exchange resin, the decolouring back is standby;
(2) preservative preparation
By the prescription proportioning glycerine, water are added in the nonmetallic vessel, stirred 10-15 minute, add inorganic peroxide, catalyzer, fully stir after 5 minutes and add organic acid, pure and mild plant extracts, be heated to and continue about 60 ℃ to stir 10-15 minute, left standstill then 10-15 minute, water-bath is chilled to room temperature, promptly.
8, the application of a kind of preservative as claimed in claim 1 in animal or human's embalming is characterized in that this preservative can be used for the making of the anticorrosion and preservation of animal or human's remains, zoological specimens and preservation, the public security system legal medical expert reparation to all kinds of corrupt remains.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01132050 CN1199561C (en) | 2001-10-30 | 2001-10-30 | A kind of preservative and its prepn. method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01132050 CN1199561C (en) | 2001-10-30 | 2001-10-30 | A kind of preservative and its prepn. method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1415199A true CN1415199A (en) | 2003-05-07 |
| CN1199561C CN1199561C (en) | 2005-05-04 |
Family
ID=4671096
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01132050 Expired - Fee Related CN1199561C (en) | 2001-10-30 | 2001-10-30 | A kind of preservative and its prepn. method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1199561C (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102067892A (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2011-05-25 | 华南农业大学 | Anticorrosive Chinese medicine preparation and application thereof |
| CN104521941A (en) * | 2014-12-13 | 2015-04-22 | 李洋 | Antiseptic powder for preparing animal specimens and application thereof |
| CN104521942A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-04-22 | 博兴县殡仪馆 | Body antiseptic agent |
| CN104798768A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-07-29 | 合肥金域医学检验所有限公司 | Preservation and treatment solution of in-vitro specimen for medical research |
| CN108812637A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-16 | 河南科技大学 | A kind of fur sample environment-friendly type ointment preservative and preparation method thereof |
| CN111771867A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-16 | 许昌学院 | Preservative for biological dissection experiments and preparation method thereof |
-
2001
- 2001-10-30 CN CN 01132050 patent/CN1199561C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102067892A (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2011-05-25 | 华南农业大学 | Anticorrosive Chinese medicine preparation and application thereof |
| CN102067892B (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2013-05-01 | 华南农业大学 | Anticorrosive Chinese medicine preparation and application thereof |
| CN104521941A (en) * | 2014-12-13 | 2015-04-22 | 李洋 | Antiseptic powder for preparing animal specimens and application thereof |
| CN104521941B (en) * | 2014-12-13 | 2016-08-03 | 华北理工大学 | A kind of antiseptin making zoological specimens and application |
| CN104521942A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-04-22 | 博兴县殡仪馆 | Body antiseptic agent |
| CN104798768A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-07-29 | 合肥金域医学检验所有限公司 | Preservation and treatment solution of in-vitro specimen for medical research |
| CN108812637A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-16 | 河南科技大学 | A kind of fur sample environment-friendly type ointment preservative and preparation method thereof |
| CN111771867A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-16 | 许昌学院 | Preservative for biological dissection experiments and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1199561C (en) | 2005-05-04 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US8633311B2 (en) | Topical application of porphyrins for killing or preventing the growth of bacteria or fungi on a mammal | |
| KR101790352B1 (en) | Method and material for site activated complexing of biologic molecules | |
| CN102524240B (en) | Efficient and environment-friendly remains preservative and application thereof | |
| EP1049378B1 (en) | An antimicrobial composition | |
| Boyko et al. | Changes in the viability of the eggs of Ascaris suum under the influence of flavourings and source materials approved for use in and on foods | |
| CN1199561C (en) | A kind of preservative and its prepn. method | |
| Russell Danner et al. | Disinfectants, disinfection, and biosecurity in aquaculture | |
| US8859760B2 (en) | Compositions for killing or preventing the growth of microbes | |
| CN101006790A (en) | Refined iodine disinfectant liquor | |
| CN1786134A (en) | Multifunction antiseptic sterilizing cleaning agent composition and its preparation method | |
| CN110302192A (en) | New antimicrobial compositions and its preparation method and application | |
| Marchetti et al. | Evaluation of fungicidal efficacy of benzalkonium chloride (Steramina G uv) and Virkon-S against Microsporum canis for environmental disinfection | |
| CN101077362A (en) | Plant-type skin mucosa disinfecting agent | |
| KR100718693B1 (en) | The formulations of acidic disinfectants for veterinary usage containing natural compounds | |
| CN101743971B (en) | Compound disinfector of peroxyacetic acid and glutaric dialdehyde | |
| CN112675119A (en) | Antibacterial infant wash-free bubble hand sanitizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN101548683A (en) | Liquid disinfectant and method of producing the same | |
| KR20100012713A (en) | Wood antimicrobe containing chitosan and silver particles and method thereof | |
| EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) | Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of the safety and efficacy of Cecure® for the removal of microbial surface contamination of raw poultry products | |
| CN1788565A (en) | Multifunctional highly-effective sterilization composition for killing roach and its preparation method | |
| KR100544607B1 (en) | Natural disinfectant for equipment raising fish | |
| CN107674790A (en) | A kind of degerming soap of antibacterial and preparation method thereof | |
| KR20090102378A (en) | Natural germicide for mugwort and method of manufacturing thereof | |
| KR101846512B1 (en) | Pharmaceutical composition activated by light containing curcuma xanthorrhiza extract for preventing and treating oral diseases | |
| KR19980085900A (en) | Yucca extract-containing animal disinfectant composition |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |