CN1407838A - 在发射层中具有二芳基蒽梯形聚合物的电场致发光器件 - Google Patents
在发射层中具有二芳基蒽梯形聚合物的电场致发光器件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1407838A CN1407838A CN02142114A CN02142114A CN1407838A CN 1407838 A CN1407838 A CN 1407838A CN 02142114 A CN02142114 A CN 02142114A CN 02142114 A CN02142114 A CN 02142114A CN 1407838 A CN1407838 A CN 1407838A
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- heteroaryl
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- -1 diaryl anthracene Chemical compound 0.000 title claims description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title description 80
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 13
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical compound BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 3
- HVZWVEKIQMJYIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitryl chloride Chemical compound [O-][N+](Cl)=O HVZWVEKIQMJYIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims 21
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 45
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 30
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- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 20
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 7
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- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000001194 electroluminescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006069 Suzuki reaction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1 QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940126214 compound 3 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940125898 compound 5 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GCUVBACNBHGZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopenta-1,3-diene cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-yl(diphenyl)phosphane iron(2+) Chemical compound [Fe++].c1cc[cH-]c1.c1cc[c-](c1)P(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 GCUVBACNBHGZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- LBNXAWYDQUGHGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Phenylheptane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 LBNXAWYDQUGHGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXISTPDUYKNPLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-1,4-dimethylbenzene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C(Br)=C1 QXISTPDUYKNPLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006418 Brown reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PQMOXTJVIYEOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cumarin Natural products CC(C)=CCC1=C(O)C(C(=O)C(C)CC)=C(O)C2=C1OC(=O)C=C2CCC PQMOXTJVIYEOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000790917 Dioxys <bee> Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FSOGIJPGPZWNGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Meomammein Natural products CCC(C)C(=O)C1=C(O)C(CC=C(C)C)=C(O)C2=C1OC(=O)C=C2CCC FSOGIJPGPZWNGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001597008 Nomeidae Species 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZDWCPLXYJYPVMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene trifluoromethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound FC(S(=O)(=O)O)(F)F.C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12 ZDWCPLXYJYPVMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K antimony trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Sb](Cl)Cl FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OEYOHULQRFXULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic trichloride Chemical compound Cl[As](Cl)Cl OEYOHULQRFXULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N oxazine, 1 Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@H](C(C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)N(C)C)[C@H](O)C[C@]21C)=O)CC1=CC2)C[C@H]1[C@@]1(C)[C@H]2N=C(C(C)C)OC1 AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
具有阳极,阴极和设置在阳极和阴极之间的发射层的有机发光二极管,该发射层包括下列重复单元,其用于形成包括以下结构的均聚物或共聚物,其中各术语如说明书中所定义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有二芳基蒽梯形聚合物的电场致发光(EL)设备。
背景技术
电场致发光(EL)设备如发光二极管(LED)是在施加电场时辐射出光的光电子设备。包括聚合物和小分子的有机材料已经用于制造LED。从这些材料制造的LED提供了与其它技术相比的几个优点,如比较简单的制造工艺,低的工作电压,和产生大面积和全色显示器的可能性。有机聚合物通常提供了与小分子相比而言十分显著的加工优点,尤其对于大面积EL显示器来说,因为聚合物膜能够容易地通过从溶液流延(casting)来生产。
共轭聚合物是沿着聚合物主链具有延伸的π-键网络的一类聚合物。它们的电子态能够利用电子-晶格和电子-电子间相互作用来发生离域。共轭聚合物如聚(对-苯基亚乙烯基)(PPV)首先由Burroughes等人在1990年作为EL材料来介绍(Burroughes,J.H.Nature 1990,347,539-41)。EL效率已经通过平衡的电子-空穴注入,电荷迁移,以及电荷载体重组来得到改进。其它共轭聚合物如聚二烷基芴(PF)(Ohmori Y.等人,Jpn.J Appl.Phys.Part 2 1991,20,L1941),聚(对-亚苯基)(PPP)(Grem,G.等人,Adv.Mater.1992,4,36),和聚(噻吩)(Ohmori,Y.等人,Solid State Commun.1991,80,605)也已经进行了研究。
EL设备的发光层包括高度发光性物质,其中由于在该区域中电子-空穴对重组的结果而产生场致发光。为了获得有效率的光输出,需要高效率的和高度荧光性的物质。9,10-二芳基取代的蒽对于它们的高荧光效率而言是众所周知的。EL设备的高效率的光输出和高的操作稳定性已经公开于共同转让的US-A-5,935,721和US-A-5,972,247中,使用取代的二芳基蒽作为光发射材料。含有二芳基蒽结构部分的梯形聚合物是令人感兴趣的新EL材料。梯形π-共轭聚合物具有突出的光电子性质,热和化学稳定性,缺陷的低集中度,和由于它们的平面构造而具有高度链内有序性(Huber等人,Acta Polymer,1994,45,244)。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供用于聚合物EL设备的新的发光性聚合物材料。
本发明的再一目的是提供发射宽范围的色彩的各种能带隙发光聚合物。
已经发现了新类型的二芳基蒽型梯形聚合物可用于电场致发光器件。
这些目的可以在具有阳极,阴极和设置在阳极和阴极之间的发射层的有机发光二极管中实现,该发射层包括下列重复单元,它们用于形成包括以下结构的均聚物或共聚物:
其中:
0≤x<1,0<y≤1和x+y=1;
S和T各自独立地是化学键,氧或硫原子,或-R,或N-R,其中C是碳原子,N是氮原子,和R是取代基,后者包括氢,具有1-24个碳原子的烷基,或具有6-28个碳原子的芳基或取代芳基,或具有4-40个碳原子的杂芳基或取代杂芳基,或氰基,硝基,氯,溴,或氟原子;
在包括D和E的每个环中,如果D或E是单键,则其它基团不是单键并且是R-C-R,其中C是碳原子和R是如以上所定义的取代基;
Ar1,Ar2,和Ar各自是具有6-40个碳原子的芳基或取代芳基;或
Ar1,Ar2,和Ar各自是具有4-40个碳原子的取代杂芳基或未被取代的杂芳基。
本发明提供具有多种优点的光发射材料,这些优点包括良好的溶解性,效率,和稳定性,缺陷的低集中度,和较高的链内有序性。聚合物的发射颜色能够通过引入所需的Ar基团来容易地调节。此外,其它电光学性质还可以通过Ar基团来调节。本发明的材料也能够用作其它光发射材料的宿主材料或用作其它合适的光发射材料的掺杂物。
附图说明
图1在横截面上说明可使用本发明的聚合物的双层EL设备;
图2说明可使用本发明的聚合物的改变的双层EL设备的横截面;
图3说明可使用本发明的聚合物的单层EL设备的横截面;
图4说明聚合物2的吸收,发射,和光致发光谱;
图5说明聚合物3的吸收,发射,光致发光,和EL谱;
图6说明聚合物1,聚合物2和聚合物3的1H NMR谱;和
图7说明聚合物2和聚合物3的13C NMR谱。
本发明提供如通式I中所示的具有良好的溶解性和热稳定性的含有二芳基蒽梯形结构部分的发光聚合物。在聚合物主链中的刚性发色团提高了聚合物骨架的刚度和改进了热稳定性质。含有这些发色团的聚合物是高度荧光性和有效率的光发射材料。Ar基团的引入具有以下特征:
1)进一步改进聚合物的溶解性;
2)获得平衡的电子-空穴注入和电荷载体重组;
3)改进电子或空穴运输能力;和
4)调节聚合物的发射光颜色。
其中0≤x<1,0<y≤1和x+y=1;
S和T各自独立地是化学键,氧或硫原子,或-R,或N-R,其中C是碳原子,N是氮原子,和R是取代基,并可以是氢,具有1-24个碳原子的烷基,或具有6-28个碳原子的芳基或取代芳基,或具有4-40个碳原子的杂芳基或取代杂芳基,或氰基,硝基,氯,溴,或氟原子;
在包括D和E的每个环中,如果D或E是单键,则其它基团不是单键并且是R-C-R,其中C是碳原子和R是如以上所定义的取代基。
Ar1,Ar2,和Ar各自是具有6-40个碳原子的芳基或取代芳基;或
Ar1,Ar2,和Ar各自是具有4-40个碳原子的取代杂芳基或未被取代的杂芳基。
其中:R是如以上所定义的取代基。
Ar表示下面的基团:
基团1:
其中:R是如以上所定义的取代基;和m是1到3的整数。
基团2:
基团3:
基团5:
基团6:
基团9:
其中:X是O或S原子;
其中:p是0到2的整数;
基团14:
基团15:
其中:X1是O原子或两个氰基;
基团16:
其中:R1是取代基,并且可以是氢,具有1-24个碳原子的烷基,或具有6-28个碳原子的芳基或取代芳基,或具有4-40个碳原子的杂芳基或取代杂芳基;
基团17:
其中:X2是氮或碳原子;
基团20:
基团21:
基团25:
其中:Ar2定义为Ar;R2和R3各自独立地是氢,具有1-24个碳原子的烷基,或具有6-28个碳原子的芳基或取代芳基,或具有4-40个碳原子的杂芳基或取代杂芳基,或氰基。优选,R2和R3是氢,或氰基。
Ar-1
Ar-2
Ar-4
Ar-5
Ar-6
Ar-8
Ar-9
Ar-10
Ar-12
Ar-13
Ar-14
Ar-15
Ar-17
Ar-19
Ar-23
Ar-24
Ar-25
Ar-26
Ar-29
Ar-33
Ar-35
Ar包括以上细分的基团中的一个或一个以上基团的结合。特定的分子结构包括以上描绘结构的任何的结合。
在优选实施方案中,在以上通式I中包括D和E的每个环中,如果D或E是单键,则其它基团不是单键并且是R-C-R,其中C是碳原子和R是如以上所定义的取代基。
根据本发明的优选的聚合物由以下通式II,III和IV表示:
根据本发明的聚合物可以含有掺杂剂。掺杂剂的添加使得可以提高导电性。掺杂剂的例子包括碱金属,如钠或钾;质子酸,如硫酸,硝酸,高氯酸,铬酸和氢碘酸;路易斯酸,如氯化锑(V),氯化钛(IV),氯化铁,氯化锌,氯化锡(IV),氯化砷(V),和氟化砷(V);和卤素,如碘。掺杂过程一般是通过掺杂剂的蒸汽或溶液作用于聚合物上来进行。掺杂的聚合物优选含有0.01-30wt%的掺杂剂,更优选0.1-20wt%。
根据本发明的聚合物可以包括上述聚合物中的一种或两种或多种聚合物的共混物,或掺杂了一种或多种荧光染料(FD),发磷光物质,或其它光发射材料的聚合物。该掺杂剂通常以相当于宿主聚合物的数个摩尔百分数或更低的量存在,并且足以引起EL发射比荧光染料的光发射占优势。使用这一方法,能够构造高效率的EL设备。同时地,EL设备的颜色能够使用掺杂剂如不同发射波长的FD来调节。通过使用FD的混合物,产生了各FD的组合光谱的EL彩色特性。这一掺杂机理已经对于EL设备非常详细地描述在共同转让的US-A-4,769,292中。当在宿主材料中存在时,选择FD作为能够改进光发射的色调的掺杂剂的重要标准是它们的能带隙的比较。为了从宿主到荧光掺杂剂分子的高效率的能量转移,必要条件是掺杂剂的能带隙小于宿主聚合物的能带隙。对于从宿主到发磷光的搀杂剂的高效率的能量转移,标准是宿主的三线态能量(triplet energy)大于搀杂剂的三线态能量。用作搀杂剂的优选的FD包括但不限于香豆素,茋,二苯乙烯基茋(distrylstibenes),蒽衍生物,并四苯,perlenes,若丹明,和芳基胺。优选的发磷光的搀杂剂包括但不局限于有机金属铱,铂,钯,或锇化合物。
用于EL设备中的优选的FD的分子结构在下面列出:FD 1 R=HFD 2 R=CO2Pr-iFD 3 R=H,R’=t-BuFD 4 R=R’=t-BuFD 5FD 6FD 7FD 8 R=HFD 9 R=MeFD 10 R=Pr-iFD 11 R=2-乙基己基FD 12 R1R2=Me,X=OFD 13 R1=R2=己基,X=OFD 14 R1=R2=苯基,X=OFD 15 R1=R2=Me,X=SFD 16 R1=R2=己基,X=SFD 17 R1=R2=苯基,X=SFD 18 R=n-己基FD 19 R=苯基
根据本发明的聚合物也能够用作其它EL材料的掺杂剂,或可以精细地分布在非EL聚合物中,如在热塑性聚合物的基质中。这一分布能够改进聚合物的加工和物理性能。
在本发明中使用的聚合方法和所获得的聚合物的分子量仅仅举例说明而已。该聚合物可通过缩聚方法,优选通过交叉偶合反应如Pd催化的Suzuki偶联反应来制备。这一反应首先被Suzuki等人针对芳族硼酸衍生物与芳族卤化物的偶合进行了报道(Suzuki,A.等人,Synthetic Comm.1981,11(7),513)。由Inbasekaran等人报道了改进方法用于制备EL设备的共轭聚合物(Inbasekaran,M.等人,US-A-5,777,070)。根据本发明,上述聚合物是通过芳族二硼酸酯与芳族二溴化物的Suzuki偶合反应来制备。梯形聚合物制备的一般方法已经由Scherf等人公开(Makromol.Chem.,Rapid Commun.1991,12,489)。聚合物和单体的合成反应历程在反应历程1-3中说明。
图1说明了用于构造有机EL设备的基本结构。它是包括空穴传输层30和电子传递层40的双层结构。该电子传递层40也是发射层,从它产生电致发光。它们一起形成该EL介质50。阳极层20与空穴传输层30邻接和阴极60与电子传递层40邻接。基片是层10。这一附图仅仅为了举例说明目的,各层厚度不是实际厚度来标出尺度。
图2说明了EL设备的另一种结构。它是改变的双层结构。该EL介质含有在空穴传输层和电子传递层之间的发射层。这一发射层是产生电致发光的层。因此,层300是空穴传输层,层400是发射层,层500是电子传递层,并且它们一起形成电场致发光的介质600。层200是阳极和层700是阴极。基片是层100。这一附图仅仅为了举例说明目的,各层厚度不是实际厚度来标出尺度。
该双层EL设备是提供高的发光效率和低的工作电压的基本结构。另一种供选择的EL设备结构已经显示可以提供改进的设备工作性能。这些供选择的另一种结构包括除了基本的双层结构之外的其它特征,如下列结构A)在共同转让的US-A-4,356,429中公开的空穴注入层;B)在共同转让的US-A-5,776,622中公开的用碱或碱性卤化物的阴极改进;和C)在共同转让的US-A-4,769,292中公开的插在空穴传输层和电子传递层之间的掺杂的发射极层。
图3说明了EL设备的另一供选择的结构。它是包括夹在阳极2000和阴极4000之间的发光层3000的单层结构。该发光层3000也用作电荷载体层。因此,单层3000是电场致发光介质。基片是层1000。这一附图仅仅用于举例说明而已,各层厚度不是根据实际厚度的标出尺度。
本发明的优选的EL设备结构是包括阳极,阴极,和单层电场致发光介质的一种单层结构。这一电致发光层是该发射层,并且也能够传输电子和空穴。这一层的主要功能是提供场致发光的高效发射中心。这一层能够包括上述聚合物中的一种或两种或多种聚合物的共混物;掺杂了一种或多种FD、发磷光物质或其它光发射材料的聚合物;掺杂了一种或多种上述聚合物的其它EL材料;或精细地分布在非EL聚合物中的上述聚合物中的一种或多种。
上述聚合物可以通过聚合物溶液的旋涂或墨喷式印刷方法作为高质量透明薄膜来沉积。优选地,旋涂技术用于形成层3000,和优选地,仅仅一种聚合物是作为电场致发光介质的单层来沉积。
该阳极也可以通过导电聚合物如聚(3,4-亚乙基二氧基噻吩)(PEDOT)来改性(Groenendaa1,L.等人,Adv.Mater.,2000,12,481)。用于形成本发明的EL设备的阴极的优选材料是在US-A-5,429,884(Namiki等人)和共同转让的US-A-5,776,622中公开的这些材料的Mg、Li或合金。
具体实施方式
实施例
本发明和它的优点进一步通过下列特定的实施例来说明:
用于本发明中的单体仅仅是举例说明而已。任何单体都能够使用,只要所形成的聚合物满足通式I:
典型的单体和聚合物合成在反应历程1-3中说明。
单体的合成
反应历程1
反应历程2
聚合物的合成
反应历程3实施例1:1-溴-4-庚基苯的合成(化合物1)
将苯基庚烷(100g,0.57mol)溶于900mL的氯仿中,添加氯化铁(1.41g,9mmol)。混合物被冷却到0℃和通过加料漏斗滴加溴(32mL,0.62mmol)。反应保持在黑暗中以防止脂肪族侧链的溴化。在室温下搅拌过夜之后,反应用1N KOH中止。在萃取之后,有机相用水洗涤和在MgSO4上干燥。粗产物是棕色油并使用庚烷作为洗脱液通过在硅胶上的柱色谱法提纯,得到60g的浅黄色油形式的纯产物,42%产率。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ(ppm):0.88(t,J=6.9Hz,3H),1.26-1.31(m,8H),1.54-1.59(m,2H),2.54(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.04(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.38(d,J=8.2Hz,2H).FD-MS:m/z255(M+).实施例2:2,6-双(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基)蒽醌的合成(化合物2)
向2-L圆底烧瓶中添加2,6-1,2-二羟基蒽酮(80.0g,0.33mol),咪唑(108.8g,1.6mol),叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基氯化物(115.5g,0.77mol),和DMF 600mL。将暗红色混合物加热至90℃保持3h。TLC指示反应的完成。该反应被冷却下来和倾倒在2L冷却水中。深绿色的针状沉淀物被滤出和用水和甲醇洗涤。将深绿色的晶体溶于醚中和黑色不溶性部分被滤出。亮黄色滤液被浓缩,粗产物被悬浮于沸腾的甲醇中。黄色沉淀物经过过滤得到85.1g的纯产物,为黄色丝状晶体,54%产率。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ(ppm):0.28(s,12H),1.00(s,18H),7.14(dd,J1=85Hz,J2=2.5Hz,2H),7.64(d,J=2.5Hz,2H),8.17(d,J=8.5Hz,2H).12C NMR(CDCl3):-4.36,25.53,117.35,125.34,127.57,129.73,135.73,161.26,182.17.Mp 131-133℃.FD-MS:m/z 468(M+).实施例3:9,10-双(4-庚基)苯基-2,6-二羟基蒽的合成(化合物3)
将化合物2(37g,0.079mol)溶于200mL的无水THF中和冷却到-78℃。缓慢地向该溶液中添加n-BuLi(在己烷中2.5M浓度,94mL,0.24mol)以保持温度低于-60℃。在加料后,橙黄色溶液在-78℃下搅拌一小时。将化合物1(60.2g,0.24mol)溶于100mL的无水THF中和滴加到以上冷却溶液中。该反应缓慢地升至室温,然后在室温下搅拌过夜。该反应用HI水溶液(在水中47%浓度,143mL,0.79mol)中止和TBDMS基团也去保护。该深棕色反应被加热至回流10分钟和在减压下除去大部分溶剂。反应混合物然后用二氯甲烷萃取三次。合并的有机相用饱和的偏亚硫酸钠溶液,水和盐水洗涤,并且在MgSO4上干燥。该粗产物作为棕色粘性油形式获得,并通过在硅胶上的柱色谱法提纯,用10/90乙醚/己烷作为洗脱液。纯产物是作为22.4g浅黄色棕色固体以51%产率获得。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ(ppm):0.91(t,J=7.0Hz,6H),1.26-1.43(m,8H),1.71-1.81(m,2H),2.73(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),5.21(s,br,2H,OH),6.89(d,J=2.3Hz,2H),6.96(dd,J1=9.5Hz,J2=2.5Hz,2H),7.32(D,J=8.6Hz,4H,苯基),7.35(d,J=8.6Hz,4H,苯基),7.57(d,J=9.4Hz,2H).13C NMR(CDCl3):14.16,22.72,29.26,29.52,31.60,31.86,35.90,106.84,118.58,127.07,128.46,128.98,129.64,131.04,134.94,136.30,142.10,151.69.Mp 162-164℃.FD-MS:m/z 558(M+).实施例4:9,10-双(4-庚基)苯基-2,6-二(三氟甲磺酸酯)蒽的合成(化合物4)
将化合物3(17.8g,0.032mol)溶于65mL的干燥吡啶中和冷却到0℃。向这一棕红色溶液中缓慢添加三氟甲磺酸酐(16mL,0.096mol)。暗红色反应在室温下搅拌过夜。该反应物被倾倒在水中和用醚(3×200mL)萃取。合并的有机相用2N HCl(2×200mL)洗涤并在MgSO4上干燥。粗产物通过在硅胶上的柱色谱法提纯,用己烷作为洗脱液,以50%产率得到13.1g的蓝色荧光黄色产物。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ(ppm):0.92(t,J=7.0Hz,6H),1.26-1.43(m,8H),1.76-1.81(m,2H),2.81(t,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.25(dd,J1=9.6Hz,J2=2.3Hz,2H),7.34(d,J=7.9Hz,4H,苯基),7.44(d,J=7.9Hz,4H,苯基),7.61(d,J=2.2Hz,2H),7.86(d,J=9.6Hz,2H).FD-MS:m/z 822(M+).实施例5:2,6-双(2,2-二甲基三亚甲基二硼酸酯)-9,10-双(4-庚基)苯基)蒽的合成(化合物5)
化合物4(2.7g,0.003mol),双(新戊基甘醇酸根)二硼(1.6g,0.007mol),1,1′-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁)二氯钯(II)/二氯甲烷配合物(0.16g,相对于化合物4而言6mol%),1,1′-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁(0.11g,相对于化合物4而言6mol%),和乙酸钾(1.9g,0.02mol)与50mL的二噁烷混合。混合物用氮气脱气10分钟,然后加热至80℃保持过夜。该反应被冷却和添加冰水50mL。形成了棕色沉淀物和进行过滤,用水和己烷洗涤,以53%产率得到1.3g的浅绿色固体形式的产物。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ(ppm):0.91(t,J=7.0Hz,6H),0.98(s,12H),1.34-1.45(m,8H),1.80-1.82(m,2H),2.80(t,J=7.9Hz,2H),3.70(s,8H),7.39-7.40(m,4H),7.64-7.65(m,8H),8.24(s,2H).13C NMR(CDCl3):14.16,21.93,22.73,29.30,29.38,31.39,31.79,31.92,35.89,72.21,125.97,128.24,128.27,129.98,130.97,131.29,134.42,136.17,137.75,141.67.M.p.172-174℃;FD-MS:m/z 750(M+).实施例6:2,5-二溴对苯二甲酸的合成(化合物6)
2,5-二溴-对二甲苯(35g,0.13mol)和高锰酸钾(210g,1.32mol)在1.2L水中进行混合。该反应被加热至回流2天,直到高锰酸盐的紫色消失为止。该反应被冷却和经Celite填充料过滤。该滤液在冰浴中冷却并通过浓的HCl溶液来中和,直至pH~1为止。
白色晶体产物被过滤,用水洗涤,然后在P2O5上干燥。1H NMR(DMSO)δ(ppm):5.06(s,br,2H),8.02(s,2H);FD-MS:m/z 324(M+)。实施例7:2,5-二溴对苯二甲酰氯的合成(化合物7)
将化合物6(19.2g,0.059mol)悬浮于30mL的亚硫酰氯中并加热到回流。在首先的20分钟中放出大量气体,然后反应变透明。该反应回流4h和过量的亚硫酰氯被馏出。向浅黄色残留物中添加干燥己烷,混合物被加热至回流,直到全部固体溶解为止。溶液被冷却和形成白色晶体。该晶体被滤出,用干燥己烷洗涤,并且在室温下真空干燥过夜,以90%产率得到19.2g产物。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ(ppm):8.20(s,2H)。Mp 80-82℃。实施例8:1,4-二溴-2,5-双((4-癸基苯基)羰基)苯的合成(化合物8)
将化合物7(19.2g,0.059mol)溶于100mL的干燥CH2Cl2,和添加氯化铝(16.6g,0.12mol)。该反应变为桔黄色和形成一些沉淀物。该反应被冷却到0℃,通过加料漏斗来添加苯基癸烷(45.3g,0.21mol)在50mL干燥CH2Cl2中的溶液。反应在氮气氛围下在室温下搅拌过夜。该反应用1N HCl小心地中止,用CH2Cl2萃取,合并的有机相在MgSO4上干燥。该粗产物是作为灰白色的固体形式获得,并从丙酮中重结晶得到31.8g的白色晶体形式的纯产物,74%产率。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ(ppm):0.88(t,J=6.7Hz,6H),1.26-1.32(m,28H),1.62-1.67(m,4H,2.69(t,J=7.6Hz,4H),7.32(d,J=7.9Hz,4H),7.58(s,2H),7.76(d,J=7.9Hz,4H).Mp 128-129℃.实施例9:前体聚合物1的合成
将化合物5(1.18g,1.57mmol)和化合物8(1.14g,1.57mmol)溶于7mL的甲苯中。向该溶液中添加Aliquat336(0.11g,0.27mmol)和2N Na2CO3溶液(2.6ml,5.2mmol)。
混合物用氮气鼓泡10分钟和添加催化剂四(三苯基膦)钯(54mg,3mol%)。该反应被加热至100℃保持24h。加入少量的苯基硼酸以封闭溴基团,反应加热6h。该反应然后用少量的溴苯来封闭和加热另外6h。该聚合物从甲醇中沉淀,用1N HCl洗涤,和加以干燥而得到1.58g的浅棕色固体,92%产率。聚合物在Soxhlet装置中用丙酮萃取,除去低聚物和残留的催化剂,然后用THF萃取。该聚合物再次沉淀到甲醇中,在60℃下真空干燥,以77%产率得到1.31g的褐黄色固体。聚合物具有6810的重均分子量,和1.88的多分散性(在THF中,相对于聚苯乙烯标准物)。聚合物显示436℃的加热开始分解温度,和47℃的玻璃化转变温度。实施例10:聚合物1还原得到聚合物2
将聚合物1(0.5g,0.46mmol重复单元)溶于10mL干燥THF中,在0℃下滴加到LAH(0.14g,3.6mmol)在15mL THF中的悬浮液中。在1h后,该反应用1N HCl小心地中止,然后用CH2Cl2萃取。合并的有机相用NaHCO3洗涤,在MgSO4上干燥,浓缩,和在甲醇中沉淀。该沉淀物被过滤出来并加以干燥而得到0.3g具有蓝色荧光的褐黄色固体,60%产率。实施例11:聚合物2的环化得到聚合物3
将聚合物2(0.2g,0.18mmol重复单元)溶于10mL干燥CH2Cl2中。在0℃下向该溶液中添加BF3醚合物(1.5mL,12.2mmol)。溶液立即变深绿色。在20分钟后,该反应用水中止,用NaHCO3萃取,有机相在MgSO4上干燥。溶液被浓缩和沉淀到甲醇中,在45℃下真空干燥过夜之后得到绿黄色固体0.15g(75%产率)。该聚合物显示强烈的绿色荧光。聚合物具有18800的重均分子量,和2.38的多分散性(在THF中,相对于聚苯乙烯标准物)。聚合物显示432℃的开始热分解温度,在该分解温度之前没有观察到玻璃化转变温度。
EL设备制造和性能
实施例12
满足本发明要求的EL设备是按以下方式构造的。有机EL介质具有单层聚合物薄膜。
a)铟-锡-氧化物(ITO)涂敷的玻璃基片按顺序在商品洗涤剂中进行超声波处理,用去离子水漂洗,在甲苯蒸汽中脱脂和暴露于紫外光和臭氧中几分钟。
b)在受控制的旋转速度下将PEDOT的水溶液(在水中1.3%,BayerCorp.的Baytron P)旋涂到ITO上,获得500埃的厚度。该涂层在120℃的烘箱中烘烤20分钟。
c)聚合物的甲苯溶液(30mg在30mL溶剂中)通过0.2μm聚四氟乙烯(Teflon)过滤器进行过滤。该聚合物溶液然后在受控制的旋转速度下被旋涂到PEDOT之上。聚合物膜的厚度是在500-700埃之间。
d)在聚合物膜表面上沉积了由Mg和Ag按10∶1原子比组成的2000埃厚度的阴极层。
上述序列完成了该EL设备的沉积。该设备然后气密性地包装在干燥的手套箱中加以保护免受周围环境的影响。
图4显示聚合物2的吸收,发射,和PL谱;图5显示聚合物3的吸收,发射,PL,和EL谱。吸收和发射光谱是从稀释甲苯溶液获得,光致发光(PL)谱是从聚合物的固体薄膜获得,和EL谱是从ITO(PEDOT)/聚合物/Mg∶Ag EL设备获得。
Claims (9)
其中:
0≤x<1,0<y≤1,和x+y=1;
S和T各自独立地是化学键,氧或硫原子,或-R,或N-R,其中C是碳原子,N是氮原子,和R是取代基,该取代基包括氢,具有1-24个碳原子的烷基,或具有6-28个碳原子的芳基或取代芳基,或具有4-40个碳原子的杂芳基或取代杂芳基,或氰基,硝基,氯,溴,或氟原子;
在包括D和E的每个环中,如果D或E是单键,则其它基团不是单键并且是R-C-R,其中C是碳原子和R是取代基;
Ar1,Ar2,和Ar各自是具有6-40个碳原子的芳基或取代芳基;或
Ar1,Ar2,和Ar各自是具有4-40个碳原子的取代杂芳基或未被取代的杂芳基。
3.权利要求1的有机发光二极管,其中Ar包括一个以上的Ar基团。
6.权利要求1的有机发光二极管,其中如果D和E基团中的一个是单键,则另一个基团不是单键和是H-C-R。
7.权利要求1的有机发光二极管,其中S和T是C-R。
8.权利要求1的有机发光二极管,含有0.01-30重量百分数的掺杂剂。
9.权利要求1的有机发光二极管,包括选自碱金属,质子酸,路易斯酸,卤素,或它们的混合物中的掺杂剂。
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US5776622A (en) | 1996-07-29 | 1998-07-07 | Eastman Kodak Company | Bilayer eletron-injeting electrode for use in an electroluminescent device |
US5777070A (en) | 1997-10-23 | 1998-07-07 | The Dow Chemical Company | Process for preparing conjugated polymers |
US6127516A (en) * | 1997-12-30 | 2000-10-03 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Electrochromic material based on a conducting ladder polymer |
US5972247A (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 1999-10-26 | Eastman Kodak Company | Organic electroluminescent elements for stable blue electroluminescent devices |
US5935721A (en) | 1998-03-20 | 1999-08-10 | Eastman Kodak Company | Organic electroluminescent elements for stable electroluminescent |
DE69939629D1 (de) * | 1998-05-05 | 2008-11-06 | Massachusetts Inst Technology | Emittierende Polymere und Vorrichtungen diese Polymere enthaltend |
-
2001
- 2001-08-28 US US09/941,009 patent/US6613457B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-07-17 TW TW091115931A patent/TW560225B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-08-16 EP EP02078394A patent/EP1289029A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-08-27 KR KR1020020050811A patent/KR20030019141A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-08-27 JP JP2002246882A patent/JP2003115384A/ja active Pending
- 2002-08-28 CN CNB021421145A patent/CN100355109C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8952608B2 (en) | 2004-08-27 | 2015-02-10 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Donor substrate for laser induced thermal imaging method and method of fabricating organic light emitting display device using the same |
US7622619B2 (en) | 2005-07-20 | 2009-11-24 | Lg Display Co., Ltd. | Synthesis process |
CN108808447A (zh) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-13 | 南京邮电大学 | 一种基于高效能量转移的有机激光薄膜器件及其制备方法 |
CN108808447B (zh) * | 2018-06-12 | 2020-04-21 | 南京邮电大学 | 一种基于高效能量转移的有机激光薄膜器件及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1289029A2 (en) | 2003-03-05 |
CN100355109C (zh) | 2007-12-12 |
US20030082401A1 (en) | 2003-05-01 |
EP1289029A3 (en) | 2007-09-26 |
US6613457B2 (en) | 2003-09-02 |
KR20030019141A (ko) | 2003-03-06 |
JP2003115384A (ja) | 2003-04-18 |
TW560225B (en) | 2003-11-01 |
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