CN1401010A - 处理粉尘或粉尘混合物的方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 14
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/02—Working-up flue dust
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/36—Processes yielding slags of special composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/38—Removal of waste gases or dust
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/30—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide from metallic residues or scraps
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/04—Working-up slag
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明涉及处理含碱金属和重金属的粉尘和粉尘混合物的方法，例如，炼钢厂粉尘、粉矿粉尘或高炉粉尘。根据所述的方法，特别通过鼓风将粉尘引入到由液体金属和液体氧化炉渣组成的熔池中。将诸如氧化锌和/或氧化铅之类的挥发性重金属化合物从气相中分离出来并将碱金属引入炉渣中。
Description
本发明涉及处理含碱金属和重金属的粉尘或粉尘混合物的方法，例如，该粉尘和粉尘混合物可以是炼钢厂粉尘、粉矿粉尘或高炉粉尘、来自烧结厂、轧钢厂、废物焚烧厂的粉尘和残余物以及来自燃烧厂和粉碎工厂的灰尘。
在高炉和炼钢厂的加工过程中通常产生大量的粉尘，粉尘的处理涉及许多问题。根据粉尘的起源，粉尘通常含有大量的重金属，但是重金属的浓度常常是太低而不能经济地直接进行处理。尤其是，炼钢厂的过滤粉尘可含有大于10wt％的氧化锌和氧化铅。
在氧化炉渣的处理过程中，已经提出了许多方法，通过这些方法不仅能为将其用作水泥工业的研磨辅料而调节炉渣的碱度，而且同时进行不需要组分的纯化和排除，金属形式的一部分炉渣可转化成金属熔池(Metallbad)，一部分作为二级粉尘再次出现或可从气相中回收。在该类方法中，为了将氧化炉渣用于随后的水泥工业而根据组成将氧化炉渣最优化，可以引入或吹入许多添加剂和/或修正剂，因此通过该方法能安全地处理有毒物质和特殊的有机载荷的物质。
本发明的目的是确保经济有效地处理开头所定义类型的粉尘或粉尘混合物，同时以一种便于其在水泥工业中进一步应用的方式为处理炉渣提供了时机。为达到该目的，本发明的方法基本上在于：将粉尘加入到、特别是顶吹或吹入到熔融金属和液体氧化炉渣的熔池之上或之中，并且将诸如氧化锌和/或氧化铅之类的挥发性重金属化合物从气相中分离出来，将碱金属引入炉渣中。通过将该粉尘或过滤粉尘加入到熔融金属、尤其是熔融生铁和液体氧化炉渣的熔池(Bad)之上或之中，其能够以非常高的选择性进行相分离，因此，初始粉尘中含有的碱金属大部分将留在炉渣中，并且在二级粉尘中再次发现浓度大大增加形式的诸如锌和铅之类的重金属，同时引入的全部粉尘量总基本上被还原，尤其是还原到远低于初始量的一半。因此，除了粉尘量减少的主要影响外，能在本发明的方法中形成二级粉尘，其基于单组分(其回收显得很有意义)较高浓度的进一步的经济利用变得容易地多了，与碱金属同时进行的氧化炉渣的富集使得相应产物在可能的水泥工艺进一步应用方面具有改善的性能。
在本发明的方法中，一种有利于处理的方式是将液体炉渣的碱度调节到例如1至1.4，然后加入粉尘。具有该碱度和在生铁浴中的悬浮的液体氧化炉渣表现出了在所需的碱金属分离中特别高的选择性，并同时以较低的趋势吸收重金属。同时，在该方法中，能够使所用的粉尘和过滤器粉尘中的氧化铁含量减少，以便能够从该粉尘中作为副效应回收熔融铁，这进一步提高了该方法的经济性。因此，除了全部粉尘量大量减少外，还能够从氧化铁中回收铁并同时在二级粉尘中富集重金属，因此为二级粉尘中含有的单个组分的经济有效回收提供了特别有益的前提条件。
以一种特别有利的方式，通过风动输送机进行粉尘的引入，将粉尘有利地进行处理，以便将粉尘风动输送到金属或炉渣表面的上面或下面，并借助于输送气体、特别是热风将其吹入或顶吹入。
该风动输送机便于实现引入粉尘时同时与添加剂均匀混合，该添加剂一方面能随后促进风力输送，另一方面，能同时将所需组分引入氧化炉渣中。以一种特别有利的方式进行处理，尤其是，将要处理的粉尘与诸如煤、沙子和/或铝土矿之类的添加剂进行混合，这样例如对于煤的使用，除了确保改善的风动输送性外，还能同时为从含在粉尘中的氧化铁中连续分离金属铁提供适当的还原电势。沙子和铝土矿的加入还便于提高风动输送性，因此该添加剂可同时用于修正氧化炉渣所需的目标碱度和调节炉渣的必要时需要的更高铝含量。
但是，在本发明的方法中，还能够同时安全地处理许多其他难处理的物质，例如，特别是有机载荷的物质和特别的浆液(Aufschlmmungen)和淤渣(Schlmme)，该添加剂还通过阻止聚集体的形成适于提供粉尘的风动输送性。当将与有机载荷物质混合的这种粉尘进行装料时，能够完全燃烧有机部分，这样，可同时提供额外的还原电势还原来自粉尘的氧化铁。
有利地是，在本发明的方法中，将生铁熔池作为金属熔池，该金属熔池以特别有利的方式含有液体炉渣和熔融生铁，其重量比为1∶3至1∶6，优选1∶4。
以一种特别简单的方式，将粉尘或粉尘混合物引入，即通过底部鼓风口将粉尘吹入转炉中。发生反应后，特别是在炉渣和金属熔池之间的相界面上进行反应后，生成二级粉尘的量远低于初始量的三分之一，甚至低于初始量的10％。
下面通过范例性的实施方案更详细地说明本发明。在转炉中，在由10吨熔融生铁形成的熔池中生成了2吨炉渣，该炉渣具有如下所示的组成：
| 炉渣 | |
| 质量％ | |
| CaO | 47.9 |
| SiO2 | 36.6 |
| Al2O3 | 7.3 |
| MgO | 2.9 |
| TiO2 | 1.2 |
| FeO | 1.6 |
| MnO | 2.1 |
| Na2O | 0.1 |
| K2O | 0.2 |
| ZnO | 0 |
| PbO | 0 |
该炉渣的特征在于其碱度有益于其随后用于水泥工艺，并通常仅含有很少部分的碱金属。对于某些水泥性能、并且特别是灰浆或混凝土混合物的强度性能，例如，早期强度，该灰浆或混凝土混合物是用这种作为研磨辅料的炉渣生成的，无论如何更高的碱含量(Alkaligehalt)是希望的。
将具有如下组成的1吨炼钢厂的过滤粉尘通过底部鼓风口吹入该熔池中：
| 过滤粉尘 | |
| wt％ | |
| CaO | 7.1 |
| SiO2 | 5.0 |
| Al2O3 | 1.3 |
| MgO | 2.9 |
| TiO2 | 0.4 |
| FeO | 64.0 |
| MnO | 4.2 |
| Na2O | 2.8 |
| K2O | 0.1 |
| ZnO | 11.5 |
| PbO | 0.7 |
因此，炼钢厂的过滤粉尘含有大量的碱金属和重金属。通过熔池的渗透出现相分离，这样初始粉尘中含有的碱金属以高选择性在炉渣中进行结合，在二级粉尘中可再次发现作为各自氧化物的浓缩形式的重金属锌和铅。当将炼钢厂的过滤粉尘进行处理后，调节具有下列近似分析(Richtanalyse)的炉渣组成：
得到约264kg具有下面组成的二级粉尘：
| 末渣组成 | |
| wt％ | |
| CaO | 46.9 |
| SiO2 | 35.4 |
| Al2O3 | 7.3 |
| MgO | 3.9 |
| TiO2 | 1.2 |
| FeO | 1.7 |
| MnO | 2.0 |
| Na2O | 1.2 |
| K2O | 0.4 |
| ZnO | 5ppm |
| PbO | ＜5ppm |
| 二级过滤粉尘组成 | |
| wt％ | |
| CaO | 4.2 |
| SiO2 | 3.1 |
| Al2O3 | 1.2 |
| MgO | 0.1 |
| TiO2 | 0.2 |
| FeO | 47.8 |
| MnO | 0.4 |
| Na2O | 0.2 |
| K2O | 0.4 |
| ZnO | 39.8 |
| PbO | 2.6 |
对所用炼钢厂的过滤粉尘的组成与二级过滤粉尘的组成进行的比较并比较炉渣组成说明在二级过滤粉尘中可再次发现约3.2％K2O，然而在产物炉渣中发现所用粉尘中96.8wt％的K2O含量。类似应用于初始Na2O含量的分布，在二级过滤粉尘中发现初始部分的4.5wt％，在产物炉渣中发现95.5wt％。
对于氧化锌和氧化铅的数值却不同，在二级过滤粉尘中可再次发现该数值分别为99.7和99.9wt％。由于二级过滤粉尘量的总量减少，按照所用的炼钢厂的粉尘量计，所以二级过滤粉尘中含有这些重金属部分，这使得经济处理显得适当。在产物炉渣中仅能测定到所用炼钢厂的粉尘中的氧化锌和氧化铅部分分别是约0.3和0.1wt％。
Claims (8)
1.一种处理含有碱金属和重金属的粉尘或粉尘混合物的方法，该粉尘或粉尘混合物例如可以是炼钢厂粉尘、粉矿粉尘或高炉粉尘，其特征在于将粉尘加入到、特别是顶吹或吹入到熔融金属和液体氧化炉渣的熔池之上或之中，并且诸如氧化锌和/或氧化铅的挥发性重金属化合物从气相中分离出来，和碱金属引入炉渣中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于将液体炉渣的碱度调节到1至1.4，然后进行粉尘装料。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于将粉尘风动输送到炉渣表面的上方或下方，并借助于输送气体、特别是热气体吹入或进行顶吹。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的方法，其特征在于将要处理的粉尘与诸如煤、沙子和/或铝土矿之类的添加剂进行混合。
5.根据权利要求1至4中的任何一项所述的方法，其特征在于所述粉尘与有机载荷物质进行混合使用。
6.根据权利要求1至5中的任何一项所述的方法，其特征在于将生铁熔池作为金属熔池。
7.根据权利要求1至6中的任何一项所述的方法，其特征在于该熔池含有液体炉渣和熔融生铁，其重量比为1∶3至1∶6，优选1∶4。
8.根据权利要求1至7中的任何一项所述的方法，其特征在于通过底部鼓风口将粉尘和粉尘混合物吹入转炉中。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT642000 | 2000-01-28 | ||
| ATGM64/2000 | 2000-01-28 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1401010A true CN1401010A (zh) | 2003-03-05 |
| CN1188532C CN1188532C (zh) | 2005-02-09 |
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| CNB018042848A Expired - Fee Related CN1188532C (zh) | 2000-01-28 | 2001-01-18 | 处理粉尘或粉尘混合物的方法 |
Country Status (22)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20040050210A1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1252346B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2004500486A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100610128B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1188532C (zh) |
| AR (1) | AR027284A1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU771549B2 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR0107826B1 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2398349A1 (zh) |
| CZ (1) | CZ298002B6 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE50100522D1 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2204827T3 (zh) |
| HU (1) | HUP0203883A2 (zh) |
| MX (1) | MXPA02007082A (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL194872B1 (zh) |
| PT (1) | PT1252346E (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU2239662C2 (zh) |
| SK (1) | SK286015B6 (zh) |
| TW (1) | TW533244B (zh) |
| UA (1) | UA73541C2 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2001055460A1 (zh) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200205169B (zh) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103031391A (zh) * | 2012-05-31 | 2013-04-10 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种炼钢副原料系统粉末垃圾的处理工艺 |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT414127B (de) * | 2004-04-27 | 2006-09-15 | Patco Engineering Gmbh | Verfahren zum rückgewinnen von metallen und/oder metalloxiden aus stahlwerkstäuben |
| DE102008048232A1 (de) | 2008-09-16 | 2010-04-15 | Sms Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Rückführung von bei metallurgischen Verfahren anfallenden Stäuben und/oder festen staubförmigen Nebenprodukten |
| JP5906989B2 (ja) * | 2012-08-06 | 2016-04-20 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 鉛含有取鍋スラグの処理方法 |
| JP6025602B2 (ja) * | 2013-02-20 | 2016-11-16 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 路盤材用スラグの製造方法 |
| KR101419258B1 (ko) * | 2013-07-03 | 2014-07-15 | 주식회사 포스코 | 소결 탈황 더스트를 이용한 고로 조업방법 |
| CN103896324B (zh) * | 2014-03-19 | 2015-11-25 | 江苏科技大学 | 一种利用高炉粉尘制备纳米氧化锌的方法 |
| RU2582423C1 (ru) * | 2014-12-10 | 2016-04-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Белгородский государственный технологический университет им. В.Г. Шухова" | Способ переработки пылевидных отходов металлургического производства |
| CN108642231B (zh) * | 2018-05-15 | 2020-06-23 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | 一种转炉渣改质剂及利用其制得低碱度渣系的方法 |
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| US3015554A (en) * | 1957-04-18 | 1962-01-02 | Rummel Roman | Method and device for carrying out metallurgical processes, particularly air refining processes |
| US3948644A (en) * | 1972-03-27 | 1976-04-06 | Pennsylvania Engineering Corporation | Steel making vessel with dust recycling method and means |
| US4511396A (en) * | 1982-09-01 | 1985-04-16 | Nixon Ivor G | Refining of metals |
| NO160931C (no) * | 1987-04-02 | 1989-06-14 | Elkem As | Stoevbehandling. |
| GB8928997D0 (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1990-02-28 | Tetronics Res & Dev Co Ltd | Metal recovery |
| DE4211164C2 (de) * | 1992-03-31 | 1995-02-16 | Mannesmann Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Behandeln von riesel- oder fließfähigem Material |
| AT402939B (de) * | 1992-07-16 | 1997-09-25 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | Verfahren und anlage zum herstellen einer metallschmelze |
| AT400245B (de) * | 1993-12-10 | 1995-11-27 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | Verfahren und anlage zum herstellen einer eisenschmelze |
| AT405527B (de) * | 1996-01-24 | 1999-09-27 | Holderbank Financ Glarus | Verfahren zum aufarbeiten von müllverbrennungsrückständen |
| KR100210649B1 (ko) * | 1996-04-01 | 1999-07-15 | 야마오카 요지로 | 더스트로부터 산화아연을 회수하는 방법 및 그 장치 |
| AT405054B (de) * | 1997-06-18 | 1999-05-25 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | Verfahren und anlage zum herstellen einer eisenschmelze unter einsatz von eisenhältigen hüttenwerksreststoffen |
| ATE377659T1 (de) * | 1997-09-15 | 2007-11-15 | Holcim Ltd | Verfahren zum aufarbeiten von stahlschlacken und eisenträgern zur gewinnung von roheisen und umweltverträglichen schlacken |
| DE59803934D1 (de) * | 1997-09-30 | 2002-05-29 | Voest Alpine Stahl Donawitz | Pyrometallurgisches verfahren und vorrichtung zur abtrennung von zink und/oder kadmium und blei aus hüttenwerkabfallstoffen |
| JP3516854B2 (ja) * | 1997-11-20 | 2004-04-05 | スチールプランテック株式会社 | 製鋼炉ダストの処理方法及びダストペレット |
| AT407051B (de) * | 1998-09-15 | 2000-12-27 | Holderbank Financ Glarus | Verfahren zum aufarbeiten von stahlschlacken und eisenträgern |
| AT407263B (de) * | 1999-04-22 | 2001-02-26 | Holderbank Financ Glarus | Verfahren zum aufarbeiten von stahlschlacken |
| ES2281384T3 (es) * | 2000-02-17 | 2007-10-01 | John A. Vallomy | Metodo para procesar de manera reductora la escoria liquida y el polvo de la camara de filtros del horno de arco electrico. |
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- 2001-01-18 SK SK966-2002A patent/SK286015B6/sk not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-18 CA CA 2398349 patent/CA2398349A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-01-18 CN CNB018042848A patent/CN1188532C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103031391A (zh) * | 2012-05-31 | 2013-04-10 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种炼钢副原料系统粉末垃圾的处理工艺 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20020089330A (ko) | 2002-11-29 |
| KR100610128B1 (ko) | 2006-08-09 |
| UA73541C2 (en) | 2005-08-15 |
| AU2652301A (en) | 2001-08-07 |
| HUP0203883A2 (en) | 2003-04-28 |
| ES2204827T3 (es) | 2004-05-01 |
| EP1252346B1 (de) | 2003-08-20 |
| US20040050210A1 (en) | 2004-03-18 |
| SK286015B6 (sk) | 2008-01-07 |
| PL356416A1 (en) | 2004-06-28 |
| AU771549B2 (en) | 2004-03-25 |
| CZ298002B6 (cs) | 2007-05-23 |
| CA2398349A1 (en) | 2001-08-02 |
| BR0107826B1 (pt) | 2010-09-08 |
| PL194872B1 (pl) | 2007-07-31 |
| MXPA02007082A (es) | 2004-09-06 |
| PT1252346E (pt) | 2004-01-30 |
| RU2002123054A (ru) | 2004-02-20 |
| CN1188532C (zh) | 2005-02-09 |
| AR027284A1 (es) | 2003-03-19 |
| RU2239662C2 (ru) | 2004-11-10 |
| EP1252346A1 (de) | 2002-10-30 |
| BR0107826A (pt) | 2003-01-14 |
| TW533244B (en) | 2003-05-21 |
| ZA200205169B (en) | 2003-10-07 |
| SK9662002A3 (en) | 2003-04-01 |
| CZ20022815A3 (cs) | 2003-06-18 |
| WO2001055460A1 (de) | 2001-08-02 |
| JP2004500486A (ja) | 2004-01-08 |
| DE50100522D1 (de) | 2003-09-25 |
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