CN1396328A - 含长丝毛层的非织造织物、制造方法和用作清洁布的用途 - Google Patents

含长丝毛层的非织造织物、制造方法和用作清洁布的用途 Download PDF

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CN1396328A
CN1396328A CN02126155A CN02126155A CN1396328A CN 1396328 A CN1396328 A CN 1396328A CN 02126155 A CN02126155 A CN 02126155A CN 02126155 A CN02126155 A CN 02126155A CN 1396328 A CN1396328 A CN 1396328A
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F·诺勒
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ICBT Perfojet SA
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Abstract

一种非织造织物，它包括至少一个热塑性非连续纤维的水刺网，所述水刺网是用无规取向的独立、非弹性连续长丝的未拉伸毛层水刺而成的。

Description

含长丝毛层的非织造织物、制造方法 和用作清洁布的用途
发明的领域
本发明涉及一种非织造织物，它们的制造方法和用作清洁布的用途。
发明的背景
为了制成这样的清洁制品，已知是用热辊从压热塑性纤维网固结而成。该辊压使非织造织物的热塑性纤维实现点熔化，由此赋予其结合力和其力学强度。用这种固结方法得到的制品的力学强度低、撕破强度低、单位体积的重量高。这些性能对于干清洁布或许是好的，但不是最好的性能。
为了解决力学强度和撕破强度的问题，美国专利申请№552397中建议了一种基于热塑性纤维的纤维网，它具有由具体是聚烯烃制成的很昂贵的合成网片，非织造织物的各种组分由带压喷水流的作用固结起来。由于这种制品的力学强度主要由位于纤维层之间的低重量/米2的网片提供，因此强度低。另一方面，这种制品具有足够的撕破强度和低单位体积的重量，这有助于它们具有良好的捕捉灰尘的性能。
欧洲专利№-0814189A描述了一种坚牢的稳定的丰满的非织造织物，它具有舒适的触感，包含按单向排布并拉伸的长丝毛层短纤维。
发明的内容
本发明人找到了一种非织造结构及其无拉伸的制造方法形成了本发明的主题，不仅可以制造干清洁布，它具优良的力学性能如拉伸和撕破强度，很小的单位体积重量，非常适合捕获大量灰尘和大尺寸灰尘例如毛发和鬃毛，它的静电性能也很好；而且它也不贵，与上述美国专利技术相比，能够节省30-40％制造成本，因为它不用使制造过程复杂化的昂贵的网片。
本发明的主题是一种非织造织物，它包含至少一个热塑性非连续纤维的网，该网是用无规取向的独立、非弹性长丝的未拉伸毛层水刺而成。
“独立的连续长丝”是指长丝之间没有熔化点。长丝的直径为10-30微米，而且与WO9406956中所述的弹性线不同，它由单股纱组成，而不是经加捻或变形而成的多股纱。非织造织物中长丝的无规取向可由这样的事实说明，拉伸断裂强度最大的方向上的值与最小方向上的值的比小于5，优选小于3，更优选小于2。
按下法测定该比值，先测试纵向拉伸强度、接着沿15°、30°、45°、60°、75°和横向测试，取最大强度与最小强度的比值。长丝的非弹性是指它们在拉伸后松弛时，不会回复到初始长度。它是指非织造织物的弹性为0-5％，优选0-1％。一旦拉伸超出5％，或优选超过1％，它就不会回复到初始长度。
为了使非织造织物的触感更好，它优选包含一毛层，插在两个网之间。
用手将网和毛层分离后，每个网的厚度优选为0.30-0.80mm，长丝毛层的厚度优选0.20-0.60mm。
本发明的非织造织物的单位体积重量优选不大于0.06g/cm3。该轻重量能够使它很好地保留灰尘。
本发明非织造织物的直径80mm的圆形样品经过-8KV电晕放电的初始表面电势的绝对值大于2000v，10分钟后大于1500v。
当它用作清洁布时，本发明非织造织物具有良好的力学强度，完全符合清洁操作规定的参数，并具有足够小的单位体积重量以捕获大量灰尘和大尺寸灰尘例如毛发和鬃毛。由于该非织造织物的单位体积重量小，灰尘能够藏在纤维间隙内，或甚至与非织造织物的松散纤维交扭。这些性能加上良好的静电性能，有助于吸收灰尘。
这样得到的直径为80mm圆形非织造织物样品经过-8kv电晕放电的表面电势的绝对值在10分钟后大于1500kv，用手将网与毛层分离后，每个网的厚度为0.30-0.80mm，毛层的厚度为0.20-0.60mm，纵向拉伸强度大于30N，横向拉伸强度为30N，纵向拉伸伸长率大于30％，横向大于30％。单位面积重量为35-100g/m2。
本发明也旨在这种非织造织物的制造方法，该方法的步骤包括：在构成长丝的材料熔点以下的温度、50N/mm以下的辊压压力下，辊压无规取向非弹性长丝毛层以形成断裂长度小于1020m的毛层；制造至少一个热塑性非连续纤维网；以低于0.15KWh/Kg的结合能，水刺毛层和至少一个网以得到湿非织造织物；干燥湿非织造织物。
这样，所述清洁布就能够包含一层由例如聚丙烯或聚乙烯制成、轻轻辊压以获得粘合的连续长丝的毛层，而不熔化毛层内的长丝。被轻轻辊压的连续长丝毛层单位面积重量可为5-40g/m2，优选15-30g/m2。
聚丙烯连续长丝毛层在低于100℃温度、低于50N/mm的压力下辊压，以避免长丝熔化。辊压提供的粘合正好使毛层卷起来，而且解卷时不断裂。
它的断裂长度少于1020m。EDANA(欧洲用可弃和非织造织物协会)按下式定义了断裂长度L：
L＝F×106/(w×g×9.81)
L＝断裂长度(米)
F＝断裂力(牛顿)
w＝拉伸样品宽度(mm)
g＝测试的非织造织物的单位面积重量(g/m2)
该特征很关键，因为它决定了能否采用喷水流在低结合能下很好地热塑性地抓住纤维。具体地说，采用喷水流在低结合能下，非织造织物保持其体积和其低单位体积重量，由此保持其良好的清洁和捕获灰尘的性能。在相反的情形下，如果长丝毛层的断裂长度大于1020m，各种层良好的结合所要求的水能过高，会引起过分的固结，这会增大清洁布的单位体积重量，并降低其清洁性能。
在该长丝毛层上，优选在每一面上，沉积优选梳理过的10-30g/m2热塑性纤维网。这些纤维网优选由线性密度优选为1-3.3dtex、长20-60mm、优选38-55mm的聚酯或聚丙烯纤维组成。
在压力低于200bar、水结合能小于0.25kWh/kg的喷水作用下将不同层固结和缠结在一起。
非织造织物在通风烘箱内在120℃温度、20m/min速率下干燥。当非织造织物的残留水份为2-5％时，终止干燥。清洁布的最终密度等于或小于0.06g/cm3。
这样就可以进行加工，而在整个过程中不需实施任何拉伸，所述拉伸会需要更大的通过熔化进行的固结，这种熔化会妨碍清洁加工的实施。
可够用下述方式测试水力结合。
对于每个注射器，计算流速Di，然后计算水能Ei。
Di＝3600*k*n*(∏*d2/4)*√(2*g*p*10)
Ei-Di*p/36
Di＝每个注射器的每米工作宽度上的流量率(m3/h)；
Ei＝每个注射器的每米工作宽度上的水力结合能(kWh)；
d＝形成喷水流的孔的直径(m)；
k＝与孔形相关的系数，通常等于0.70；
∏＝Pythagorus数；
n＝每米喷口的数目；
p＝水压(bars)
g＝重力加速度，等于9.81ms-2。
下面，将每个注射器的Ei相加，就得到了总水力结合能：
EHT＝Ei1+Ei2+…+Ein
下面，根据下式得到每米工作宽度上非织造织物的总产量(kg/h)：
PT＝m*v*60
PT＝每米工作宽度上非织造织物的总产量(kg/h)；
m＝非织造织物的单位面积重量(kg/m2)；
v＝产率(m/min)
最后，根据下式得到制备所需的水力结合能(kWh/kg)：
EL＝EHT/PT
干燥阶段可以采用热空气实施。
附图的简要说明
根据下述附图所示的示范性实施方式可以更好地明白本发明及其优点，所述实施方式对本发明进行非限制性说明，其中：
-图1示出了一个可以制造本发明非织造织物的设备；
-图2是本发明非织造织物的剖面图；
-图3示意说明了测试表面电势的设备；
-图4是实施例的非织造织物的表面电势(v)与时间之间的关系图。
参照附图，尤其是图1，制造本发明非织造织物的生产线基本包括总编号1和2表示的组合件，它可以通过梳理或一些其他相似技术制备由合成纤维例如聚酯或聚丙烯组成的两层毛层。
由喂入辊4将轻轻辊压过的长丝5的毛层退卷到两层梳理的合成纤维毛层3之间。
该独立的长丝毛层优选由聚丙烯长丝组成。
该长丝毛层由熔融法例如由称为纺粘的方法形成。
聚丙烯长丝毛层在温度低于100℃和压力小于50N/mm压力下辊压，目的是避免长丝的熔化。
聚丙烯长丝的断裂长度小于1020m。
在该长丝毛层上，优选在每一面上，沉积优选梳理过的10-30g/m2热塑性纤维网，也就是说，从制成称为梳理纤维网的纺织机械上进行的梳理。这些纤维网优选由线性密度优选为1-3.3dtex、优选1.7dtex、长20-60mm、优选长38-55mm的聚酯或聚丙烯纤维组成。
传送带6将三个叠压毛层的组合件送入具有例如两个滚筒7和8的喷水结合机。
由三层组合件首先在传送带6和第一滚筒7之间进行机械挤压，然后由输送低压喷水的第一注射器9进行润湿。该组合件由输送高压喷水流的第一系列注射器10固结。
然后，该三层组合件被送至第二滚筒8上，并在滚筒8上由第二系列注射器11的作用进行固结。接着，很快将它送至装有与真空源连接的气吸系统13的传送带12上。
不同层的固结采用0.25kWh/kg以下、优选0.15kWh/kg以下的结合能进行。这样得到的制品的最终单位体积重量在0.06g/m3以下。
这样得到的非织造织物在通风烘箱14中干燥，随后，收集在卷绕辊15上。
图2是例如根据本发明得到的清洁布的剖面图。外层20和21由热塑性聚酯或聚丙烯纤维组成。纺粘长丝层22插在这些热塑性纤维层之间。
根据EDANA(欧洲可处置和非织造织物协会)的ERT标准进行了实验室测试，测试了厚度、单位体积重量、纵向强度和横向强度、纵向和横向伸长率、纵向和横向撕破性，即：
a)厚度
将样品调温调湿24小时，在23℃、相对湿度50％下进行测试。非织造织物的厚度这样测得，即测量上面放置非织造织物的参照压板和待测表面施加精确压力的平行承压压盘之间的距离。该设备由固定到框架上的两个圆形水平板组成。上板垂直移动。它的面积约为2500mm2。参照板的平面直径至少比上板大50mm。在两个压盘之间装有操纵装置，可对毛直挂在二块压板间的待测压法进行测试。
测试片的尺寸为180×80mm。当样品和压板被一同带至施加压力0.02kpa(或分划±5mm)时，附带的装置可测试板之间的距离。
b)纵向和横向的强度和伸长率
将样品调温调湿24小时，在23℃、相对湿度50％下进行测试。使用包括一套固定夹钳和一套以恒定速率移动的移动夹钳的测力计进行测试。测力计的夹钳的工作宽度为50mm。测力计装有可以画出拉伸力与伸长率之间关系曲线的记录仪。在非织造织物纵向和横向切出宽度50mm(±0.5mm)、长250mm的5个样品。以100mm/min的恒定拉伸速率逐个测试样品，夹钳之间的初始距离为200mm。测力计记录拉伸力(牛顿)与伸长率之间的关系曲线。
c)纵向和横向的撕破强度
将样品调温调湿24小时，在23℃、相对湿度50％下进行测试。使用包括一套固定夹钳和一套以恒定速率移动的移动夹钳的测力计进行测试。测力计的夹钳的工作宽度为50mm。测力计装有可以画出拉伸力与移动夹钳行程之间关系曲线的记录仪。在非织造织物纵向和横向切出宽度75mm(±1mm)、长150mm(±2mm)的5个样品。沿待测的纵向或横向切出150mm长边。画两条斜线形成一个二等边的梯形，25mm底边×100mm底边，高75mm，它的底边的中心离样品边75mm。用剪刀在每个梯形的25mm底边的中心作一个5mm小缺口。该缺口在测试中的作用是引起撕破。
逐个测试样品。测力计的夹钳放置的初始距离为25mm。将样品置于夹钳之间，放置方式是使梯形的小底边被轻微拉紧，而大边松弛。
样品以100mm/min恒定的拉伸速率测试样的。
d)每平方米重量
将样品调温调湿24小时，在23℃、相对湿度50％下进行测试。
用称为修边机的切割装置切出至少3个面积至少为50000mm2的样品。
将每个样品在实验室天平上称重，精确度为称重样品重量的0.1％。
e)单位体积重量
从测得的厚度和每平方米重量计算单位体积重量：
mv＝g/e×1000
mv＝单位体积重量(g/cm3)
g＝非织造织物的每平方米重量
e＝测试的非织造织物的厚度
f)灰尘捕获量
以10cm×15cm布测定灰尘捕获量。该尺寸的布很相似适于手掌面积。家庭内灰尘和切断毛发组成的灰尘均匀地沉积在1米2的平面上。将该布在清洁前、后称重，所述清洁是使该布经过上述平面表面，直至布被饱和。也就是说，直至该布不能再捕获灰尘。灰尘捕获量根据下式计算，为未沾灰尘的清洁布重量的百分率：
100×(M2-M1)/M1
其中M1是清洁前布的重量(g)，
M2是清洁后布的重量(g)。
g)表面电势的测试
图3是用来测试表面电势的实验室设备的示意图。
将直径80mm的样品放置到接地圆形样品支架30上。
将样品放到与高压发生器32连接的针31下方。
在针与样品之间进行-8kv电晕放电1秒种。
一旦样品充电，它就自动处于由Monroe生产的静电测试探针33下方。该探针与静电电压表相连，以测试样品的表面电势。该电压表与计算机(PC)相连以得到表面电势值与时间之间的关系。表面电势的测试继续10分钟，然后绘出表而电势衰减与时间关系的曲线。
对于每个非织造织物，在5个不同的圆形样品上重复测试5次。
下述实施例和对比例用来说明本发明。
实施例
实施例1
将轻轻辊压的纺粘聚丙烯长丝毛层(20g/m2)置于两个20g/m2梳理聚酯纤维网之间。聚酯纤维的线密度为1.7dtex，长度为38mm。这种由三个叠压层组成的组合件在例如图1所示的设备内经受喷水流作用，固结能为0.12kwh/kg。然后，将这样得到的非织造织物以20m/min速率在通风烘箱内120℃温度干燥。得到单位面积重量为60g/m2、纵向拉伸断裂强度与横向的比例R小于2的非织造织物。
实施例2
重复实施例1，用2个20g/m2的聚丙烯纤维网代替两个聚酯纤维网。该聚丙烯纤维的线密度为1.7dtex，长度为40mm。这种由三个叠压层组成的组合件在例如图1所示的设备内经受喷水流作用，固结能为0.12kwh/kg。然后，将这样得到的非织造织物以20m/min速率在通风烘箱内120℃温度干燥。得到单位面积重量为60g/m2、R小于2的非织造织物。
对比例1
用于清洁布的常规非织造织物包括由聚丙烯制成的位于两层聚酯纤维之间的增强网片，它由下述方式制成。
将挤出的纵向10根线/cm、横向9根线/cm的5g/m2聚丙烯网片置于两个28g/m2梳理聚酯纤维网之间。该聚酯纤维的线密度为1.7dtex，长度为38mm。该聚酯纤维与实施例1中使用的相同。这种由三个叠压层组成的组合件在例如图1所示的设备内经受喷水流作用，固结能为0.12kwh/kg。然后，将这样得到的非织造织物以20m/min速率在通风烘箱内120℃温度干燥。得到单位面积重量为60g/m2的非织造织物。
将根据本发明和对比例得到的制品进行测试，确定厚度、单位体积重量、纵向和横向强度、纵向和横向伸长率、电晕放电后的表面电势及其时间曲线。结果如表1和图4所示。
相对于用常规方式制成的制品，并从表所示的结果可以看出，根据本发明制成的非织造织物具有这样的优点，它的表面上带有更多静电荷，而且可长期保持该静电荷。它们也具有捕获较多灰尘的优点。
此外，它们的单位体积重量比常规制品小，也就是说，它们的每平方米上同样重量的厚度比常规清洁非织造织物大。这有利于捕获大尺寸灰尘。
另外，它们的纵向和横向强度也比常规清洁非织造织物好，由此保证了它们的稳定性和耐用性。
                                     表1
  性能     单位   实施例1     实施例2 对比例1
  重量     g/m2   59     59   60
  厚度     mm   1.25     1.25   0.92
  单位体积重量     g/cm3   0.05     0.05   0.07
  纵向强度     N/50mm   135     193   30.7
  横向强度     N/50mm   102     105   63.0
  纵向伸长率     ％   92     114   29.7
  横向伸长率     ％   131     169   47.0
  纵向撕破强度     N/50mm   35.6     25.7   8.12
  横向撕破强度     N/50mm   37.3     34.8   18.7
  初始表面电势     v   -2320     -2230   -1590
  1分钟后的表面电势     v   -2079     -1739   -1382
  10分钟后的表面电势     v   -1819     -1542   -917
  捕获的灰尘     ％   196     162   90
本发明的清洁布尤其能够用于任何表面的干清洁，尤其由金属、塑料、陶瓷、玻璃、织物构成的表面的干清洁，所述清洁以下方法进行：
手持该布，在要清洁表面上直线移动或以小圆圈移动。一个行程就足够了。
当布被灰尘饱和时，就丢弃，用未沾灰尘的布代替。

Claims (21)

1.一种非织造织物，它包含至少一层热塑性非连续纤维的水刺网，其特征在于所述网是用无规取向的独立、非弹性长丝的未拉伸毛层进行水刺的。
2.如权利要求1所述的非织造织物，其特征在于它包括插在两个网之间的毛层。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的非织造织物，其特征在于拉伸断裂强度最大与最小的方向上的拉伸断裂强度之比小于5。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的非织造织物，其特征在于它的单位体积重量不大于0.06g/m2。
5.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的非织造织物，其特征在于直径80mm的圆形样品经过-8k/V电晕放电后的初始表面电势的绝对值大于2000V。
6.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的非织造织物，其特征在于直径80mm的圆形样品经过-8k/V电晕放电后的表面电势的绝对值在10分钟后大于1500V。
7.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的非织造织物，其特征在于它的单位面积重量为35-100g/m2。
8.如权利要求1、2或3中任一项所述的非织造织物，其特征在于用手将所述网和毛层分离后，每个网的厚度为0.30-0.80mm，毛层的厚度为0.20-0.60mm。
9.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的非织造织物，其特征在于它的纵向拉伸强度大于30N/50mm。
10.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的非织造织物，其特征在于它的横向拉伸强度大于30N/50mm。
11.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的非织造织物，其特征在于它的纵向拉伸伸长率大于30％。
12.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的非织造织物，其特征在于它的横向拉伸伸长率大于20N。
13.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的非织造织物，其特征在于它的纵向撕裂强度大于20N。
14.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的非织造织物，其特征在于它的横向撕裂强度大于20N。
15.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的非织造织物用作清洁布的用途。
16.如权利要求1-14中任一项所述的非织造织物的制造方法，其特征在于它包括如下步骤：
在构成非弹性长丝的毛层的材料的熔点以下的温度、50N/mm以下的辊压压力下，以形成断裂长度小于1020m的毛层的方式辊压无规取向的非弹性长丝的毛层；
-制造至少一层热塑性非连续纤维网；
-以低于0.25KWh/Kg的结合能，以得到湿非织造织物的方式水刺所述毛层和至少一层网；
-干燥湿非织造织物。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于所述毛层由聚丙烯制成。
18.如权利要求16或17所述的方法，其特征在于所述网是梳理网，重量为10-30g/m2。
19.如权利要求16-18中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于所述网是由聚酯或聚丙烯制成的。
20.如权利要求16-19中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于所述纤维的长度为20-60mm。
21.如权利要求16-20中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于所述纤维的线密度为1-3.3dtex。
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CN1776063B (zh) * 2005-12-13 2011-11-09 东华大学 一种服饰用水刺复合非织造布及其生产方法
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CN110191983A (zh) * 2017-01-16 2019-08-30 东洋纺株式会社 水流交织无纺布
CN112048940A (zh) * 2020-09-15 2020-12-08 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 一种控制薄型接装纸伸长率的方法
CN112080959A (zh) * 2020-09-15 2020-12-15 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 一种降低可视空腔滤棒卷烟接装纸皱褶的方法
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CN1776063B (zh) * 2005-12-13 2011-11-09 东华大学 一种服饰用水刺复合非织造布及其生产方法
CN103007632A (zh) * 2012-12-31 2013-04-03 上海博格工业用布有限公司 高效低阻非织造过滤材料及制作方法
CN103007632B (zh) * 2012-12-31 2015-10-28 上海博格工业用布有限公司 高效低阻非织造过滤材料及制作方法
CN105934546A (zh) * 2013-10-18 2016-09-07 蒙迪阿斯卡尼亚有限公司 宽松的无纺布复合材料及其制造方法
CN110191983A (zh) * 2017-01-16 2019-08-30 东洋纺株式会社 水流交织无纺布
CN110191983B (zh) * 2017-01-16 2022-04-15 大和纺控股株式会社 水流交织无纺布
CN112048940A (zh) * 2020-09-15 2020-12-08 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 一种控制薄型接装纸伸长率的方法
CN112080959A (zh) * 2020-09-15 2020-12-15 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 一种降低可视空腔滤棒卷烟接装纸皱褶的方法
CN112095360A (zh) * 2020-09-15 2020-12-18 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 一种降低高硬度滤棒卷烟接装纸皱褶的方法
CN112080959B (zh) * 2020-09-15 2022-04-26 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 一种降低可视空腔滤棒卷烟接装纸皱褶的方法

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EP1743971A2 (fr) 2007-01-17
DE60215260D1 (de) 2006-11-23
ES2272649T3 (es) 2007-05-01
DE60215260T2 (de) 2007-05-10
ATE342389T1 (de) 2006-11-15
EP1275764A1 (fr) 2003-01-15
ES2390855T3 (es) 2012-11-19
FR2827313A1 (fr) 2003-01-17
EP1743971A3 (fr) 2009-08-05
FR2827313B1 (fr) 2004-03-12
US20030021970A1 (en) 2003-01-30
EP1743971B1 (fr) 2012-09-12

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