CN1376320A - 包括锂盒装电池的锂电池组结构 - Google Patents
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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Abstract
一种锂电池组,其具有多个相互连接的盒装电池(10),其容置于第一壳体(4)中,所述壳体为基本上对水分进入和电解质外流是不可透过的。所述第一壳体(54)由一个坚硬外壳围绕,该外壳基本上水密封。正极引线、负极引线和监测引线(46、48、50)密封条件下通过所述第一壳体并连接至充电监测控制电路板(52)。所述电路板可置于外壳的内部或外部。在外壳上和外部的正极端子和负极端子(72、74)分别与所述正极引线和负极引线连接,所述引线以基本上流体密封方式延伸通过所述外壳。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及单电池以及多个电池的锂电池组,并且更特别涉及将多个薄片包覆的电池容置于这种电池组。
背景技术
锂电池组(此处所指可为锂离子电池组和具有锂电极的电池组)必须以基本上水分和氧气不可透过方式进行密封,从而避免与电解质的不良反应。一般,“电池组”包括一个或多个连接的“锂电池”,各电池一般分别密封。如在便携式电话中,单电池是常用的电源。
锂电池组一般采用非水电解质。所述电解质可为含有可解离锂盐的固体聚合物,但通常所述电解质为液体,其中溶解有锂盐。一般所述液体浸满多层的多孔聚合物隔膜叠层,或某些情况下多孔隔膜本身为含锂盐的聚合物叠层。溶解有锂盐的液体可为碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸丙烯酯或其他含有烯丙基碳酸酯,或具有50℃沸点和室温下相对低蒸汽压的类似有机化合物。所述电解质层置于电极之间。叠层锂电池组由至少三层构成,并且该叠层结构和载流体一起被包裹于可折叠聚合物叠层容器(其可形成一盒)中。
如上所述,一种封闭锂电池的方式,此处所指为“封闭盒装电池”是将所述电池包埋于塑料叠层覆盖的薄片盒中,所述薄片为铝质。这种结构是如图1所示的封闭盒装电池的部分剖视图。电池一般表示为标号10,其具有正极12、负极14、以及电解质16和正极和负极“引线”或“集流体”18和12分别包容于薄片盒22中。引线18和20使得正极和负极12和14间分别电连接以及盒22间的外部电连接。
该薄片盒22具有涂敷有聚合物叠层的内部表面24,以保护薄片免受电解质16的侵害和防止正极12和负极14以及引线18和20间的短路。优选地,所述薄片盒22在其外表面也涂敷聚合物叠层。
所述薄片盒22沿三个边26加热密封。第四边28一般通过折叠所述薄片(构成盒体的薄片)形成,因此无须加热密封。特别是在加热密封操作中,为了确保引线18和20与所述薄片紧密接触,在加热密封之前一般将一独立绝缘衬套30置于边26附近的引线18和20之上。该绝缘衬套30将形成密封部,并且不会作为水分进入及电解质外流的通道。这种密封与此被称为“气密封”。
显而易见,锂电池组极易受水分和空气的腐蚀,因此所述聚合物盒通常通过沿聚合物叠层加压和加热来密封。将聚合物叠层与另一个聚合物叠层加热密封可得到满意的结合,但是,存在于聚合物层之间的所述金属引线或集流体使得密封不充分,无论如何紧固密封,都有导致电解质液体泄露的可能性。
尽管封闭盒装电池具有许多结构优点和较薄外形,但它们与包埋于较硬容器中的电池相比更易于损坏。这使得用于昂贵电器设备上的锂电池组(特别是可充电型的)产生重大缺陷,其泄露带来的损失极大并且完全无法接受。
引线18和20一般为金属片状,通常为铝、铜或镍材质,其必须具有足够的厚度和尺寸以在无明显电压降的情况下输送相当数量的电流。这使得在金属片伸出处封闭所述薄片盒存在至少两个问题。第一个问题是在加热密封过程中金属片导热过快而使得密封温度难以控制。而且由于金属片具有一定厚度而产生非均匀压力,这将导致密封效果差。如前所述,锂电池不能容许电池中进入水分或氧气或电解质流出。这种泄露对于电池是灾难性的,可损坏使用电池组或电池的电器设备。
而且由于水分和氧气扩散通过聚合物密封表面产生另外的问题,该密封表面是平行密封结合于薄片盒中金属的区域。水分子以及氧气分子极少扩散通过金属,但是,水分子和氧气分子相当多地扩散通过聚合物体。于是,这种通过聚合物密封表面的不良扩散损害了电池性能并缩短了使用寿命。无论是用于电器设备或膝上型计算机或用于便携式电话的锂电池需要长寿命,并且不能出现任何由水和氧气侵入引起的电池失效。而且在由多个电池形成的电池组中,单个电池的过早失效将使得整个电池组失效。由于这些问题,尽管投入了数十亿美元进行研究及工业化,在薄片盒中的锂电池和电池组还未能获得任何商业上的成功。
本发明的目的是提供一种锂电池组,其抗机械损害,并且双密封防泄露。
本发明的另一个目的是提供用于锂电池组的包覆物,其具有高机械强度,并且有效密封防止水分进入和电解质外流。
发明简述
一种锂电池组,其具有容置于第一壳体中的至少一个含电解质封闭盒装电池,所述壳体是基本上不容许水分进入和电解质外流。至少一个正极引线和负极引线由盒装电池延伸通过第一壳体中密封孔。基本上刚性的外壳以基本上不透水的方式包裹第一壳体。所述外壳基本上与电解质无反应性,并且提供至少一些机械防护和水分密封。在外壳之上的和外部的正极端子和负极端子分别通过各自导体连接至正极引线和负极引线,所述导体以基本上流体密封方式延伸通过所述外壳。
锂电池组包括连接于正极引线和负极引线的充电监测控制电路板,以及按所需结构连接多个盒装电池的任意连接引线。所述充电监测控制电路板可置于外壳的内部或外部。任意地,所述充电监测控制电路板可置于盒装电池和第一壳体之间。
外壳可为塑料材质。所选择的塑料材料容许所述电解质的液体部分扩散通过,其扩散速率不大于所述液体部分的挥发速率,以避免在所述外壳的外部出现液体。
附图说明
参见附图,本发明的优选实施例将描述如下,其中:
图1.现有盒装电池的部分剖视图;
图2.为本发明锂电池组的分解视图;
图3.为本发明锂电池组的剖面图
优选实施例描述
本发明的锂电池组一般在图2和3中以标号40表示。锂电池组40具有多个封闭盒装电池10(型号如上面背景技术中所述),通过连接引线42按所需结构连接。以3个电池10为例进行说明,但是可使用任意所需数目的电池。例如,一些锂电池组可能仅需要一个盒装电池10,并且此处所指的盒装电池可被解释为包括单个,只要整体结构容许作出这种解释。根据所需的电压和存储容量,所述连接可为串联、并联或其组合。
所述盒装电池10被容置于第一壳体44中,其可以类似于包埋每一个盒装电池10的薄片盒22的其他塑料叠层薄片盒,当然,如果需要的话,可采用更坚固的结构。第一壳体44必须对水分进入和电解质外流是不可透过的。第一壳体44可为加热密封的塑料,并可为多于一层。如果任意一个盒体22开始泄露的话,第一壳体44可作为后盾。
优选地,当第一壳体44包含两个盒装电池10,每一个包装和密封的第一壳体44的电解质外流损失将低于2mg/天。当第一壳体44含有多于2个盒装电池10,重量损失将成比例增加。优选地,在每一个盒装电池10中保有的进入水分将低于0.2mg/天。在实验基础之上,通过打开每一个盒装电池10来测定进入的水分,并通过Carl-Fischer滴定法来测定吸收于每一个盒体中的水分。
至少一个正极引线46和负极引线48由串联的盒装电池10以气密方式延伸通过第一壳体44。一般,图2中,监测引线50也由连接引线42延伸通过第一壳体44,其中电池组40包括多于一个盒装电池10。该监测引线50连接于充电监测控制电路板52,两个替代位置如图3所示,并且描述如下。
虽然在第一壳体44中仅收置了一个盒装电池,正极引线46和负极引线48可分别为封闭盒装电池10的正极引线18和负极引线20的延伸部分。因此,如此设置,该正极引线18和负极引线20分别可认为是“双密封”。第一壳体44作为储槽,以盛纳盒装电池10的盒体和正极引线18和负极引线20之间泄露的电解质。
第一壳体44还可由基本上刚性的外壳所包围,其如图3中标号54所示。外壳54具有侧壁56、第一端壁58和第二端壁60。所述第一端壁58于第一结合处62与所述侧壁56密封连接。所述第二端壁60于第二结合处64与所述侧壁56密封连接。外壳54主要用于机械保护锂电池组,但在优选实施方式中作为防止电解质外流和水分进入的额外阻隔层。
外壳54可为硬质塑料、半硬质塑料、注塑环氧树脂、橡胶化合物或金属盒子。如果选择金属盒子,它可具有塑料叠层衬套或塑料绝缘衬套诸如绝缘衬套30,其可分别设于正极引线和负极引线46和48周围,于此它们伸出外壳54。
正极引线46和负极引线48优选以密封方式延伸通过第二结合处64。正极引线和负极引线46和48将通常分别连接于充电监测控制电路板52,监测引线(如图2中50,图3中未示出)也如此。当然,正极引线46和负极引线48必须电绝缘以避免相互短路。如图3虚线所示,电路板52可设于外壳54中。或者,如图3中实线轮廓图所示,电路板52可设于外壳54外部,其中任意充电监测引线将必须以密封方式通过第二结合处。在另一个实施例中(未示出),电路板52可从锂电池组40中分离开来。这样,必须提供与监测引线50的外部连接。
第一结合处62和第二结合处64的密封方法取决于外壳54的材料。如果所述外壳54为可软焊金属(例如锡或铜),第一结合处62可为焊接接头,并且第二结合处62可基本上为焊接接头,除了任意引线诸如正极引线46和负极引线48以及监测引线50延伸通过第二结合处62的地方。其他密封方法诸如环氧树脂或其他密封剂一般可用在任意引线周围。
如果外壳56为塑料材质,所述第一和第二结合处62和64可分别粘合性地结合或以任何其它适宜方式结合(诸如加热或超声波焊接),当然对于延伸通过第二结合处64任意引线可具有适当公差。
由于单个盒装电池10和第一壳体44经密封防止水分进入以及电解质外流,因此不一定需要所述外壳54,如果使用它则可以密封防止氧气进入。所述外壳54作为第一壳体44的机械防护并任何电解质(其从盒装电池10和第一壳体44中溢出)外流。超过一个具有盒装电池10的第一壳体44可容置于单个外壳54中。
所述外壳54由一种材料制成,该材料容许所述电解质的液体部分以控制速率扩散通过,其扩散速率不大于所述液体部分的挥发速率,以避免在所述外壳54的外部出现液体。容许控制扩散的适宜塑料选自聚丙烯、聚乙烯和丙烯酸乙酯聚合物。如果不需要控制扩散,其它塑料也可选用。
如果外壳54为金属材质,可在内表面66上施加一非导电性涂层以防止在外壳54和其中部件之间的任何不良电连通。或者,每一个第一壳体44可包埋或密封于塑料中。
作为在第一和第二结合处62和64的进一步分别密封,所述外壳54的端部可包埋于橡胶化合物70中,并且实际上所述整个外壳可包埋于橡胶或塑料模制覆盖层中。如果外壳54为金属材质,橡胶化合物70可被选用来控制电解质的液体部分以上述方式扩散。橡胶化合物70作为进一步密封,并且还给第一结合处62与第二结合处64上提供了衬垫以防止机械损坏。电路板52模制于上胶涂层70中。
正极和负极端子72和74分别设于橡胶化合物70外部以保证与锂电池组40的电连接。
以上所述为说明性而非限制性的。对于本领域普通技术人员而言,对本发明具体实施例作出进一步变换是显而易见的,其均落在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。
Claims (22)
1.一种锂电池组,其包括:
多个相互电连接、包含电解质、封闭盒装电池,其容置于第一壳体中,所述壳体为基本上对水分进入和电解质外流是不可透过的;
至少一个正极引线和负极引线在水分和氧气密封条件下由所述盒装电池中延伸通过所述第一壳体;
一个基本上刚性的外壳以基本上水密封的方式围绕所述第一壳体,所述外壳对所述电解质基本上无反应性;以及
在所述外壳外部的正极端子和负极端子分别通过各自的导体与所述正极引线和负极引线连接,所述导体以流体密封方式延伸通过所述外壳。
2.如权利要求1的锂电池组,其中:
所述封闭盒装电池通过连接引线以所需排列方式连接;
所述正极引线和负极引线连接至充电监测控制电路板;
所述正极端子和负极端子也连接至所述电路板;以及
监测引线在所选定的连接引线和所述电路板之间延伸。
3.如权利要求2的锂电池组,其中:
所述充电监测控制电路板设置于所述外壳内部。
4.如权利要求3的锂电池组,其中:
所述充电监测控制电路板设置于所述外壳外部。
5.如权利要求3或4的锂电池组,其中,所述外壳由一种材料制成,该材料容许所述电解质的液体部分扩散通过,其扩散速率不大于所述液体部分的挥发速率,以避免在所述外壳的外部形成液态外表。
6.如权利要求5的锂电池组,其中,所述第一壳体为塑料叠层覆金属箔,并且所述外壳由一种材料制成,该材料选自聚丙烯、聚乙烯和丙烯酸乙酯聚合物。
7.如权利要求1、2、3或4的锂电池组,其中,所述外壳至少在其内部涂敷非导电性涂层。
8.如权利要求5的锂电池组,其中,所述外壳至少在其内部涂敷非导电性涂层。
9.如权利要求6的锂电池组,其中,所述外壳至少在其内部涂敷非导电性涂层。
10.一种锂电池组,其包括:
在一个气密的第一壳体中多个封闭盒装电池置于基本上刚性的盒子中,所述盒子具有侧壁和第一及第二相对端壁;
所述第一端壁于第一结合处封闭式地与所述侧壁连接;
所述第一端壁和所述第一结合处包埋于上胶涂层中,所述涂层横跨所述第一结合处密封地结合所述第一端壁和所述侧壁;
所述第二端壁于第二结合处与所述侧壁密封连接;
所述多个封闭盒装电池通过连接引线按所需结构连接;
所述多个封闭盒装电池相互连接以提供至少一个正极端子和一个负极端子;
正极引线和负极引线各自由所述正极端子和负极端子以气密方式延伸通过所述第一壳体,并以至少水密封方式通过所述第二结合处;
所述第二端壁和所述第二结合处包埋于上胶涂层中;以及
所述正极引线和负极引线连接于各自的正极端子和负极端子,其延伸通过包埋所述第二端部的上胶涂层。
11.如权利要求10的锂电池组,其中:
所述正极引线和负极引线连接至充电监测控制电路板;
所述正极端子和负极端子也连接至所述电路板;
监测引线在所选定的连接引线和所述电路板之间延伸;以及,
所述监测引线以气密方式延伸通过所述第一壳体。
12.如权利要求11的锂电池组,其中,所述充电监测控制电路板置于所述盒体中。
13.如权利要求11的锂电池组,其中:
所述电路板置于所述盒子的外部,并且包埋于包埋所述盒子的第二端部的所述上胶涂层中。
14.如权利要求10、11、12或13的锂电池组,其中:
所述盒子由可软焊金属制成;
所述第一端部以焊剂与所述侧壁密封结合;
除了所述正极引线、负极引线和监测引线延伸通过所述第二结合处之外,所述第二端部以焊剂与所述侧壁密封结合;
除了所述正极引线、负极引线和监测引线延伸通过所述第二结合处之外,所述第二端部与所述侧壁粘合密封。
15.如权利要求10、11、12或13的锂电池组,其中,所述上胶涂层为橡胶化合物构成,其容许所述电池的电解质扩散通过,所述电解质扩散速率不大于其挥发速率,以避免在所述外壳的外部出现液体电解质。
16.如权利要求14的锂电池组,其中,所述上胶涂层为橡胶化合物构成,其容许所述电池的电解质扩散通过,所述电解质扩散速率不大于其挥发速率,以避免在所述外壳的外部出现液体电解质。
17.如权利要求15的锂电池组,其中,所述盒子具有非导电性材料的内表面。
18.如权利要求16的锂电池组,其中,所述盒子具有非导电性材料的内表面。
19.如权利要求10、11、12或13的锂电池组,其中,所述盒子为塑料材质。
20.如权利要求19的锂电池组,其中,所述上胶涂层为橡胶化合物构成,其容许所述电池的电解质扩散通过,电解质扩散速率不大于所述电解质的挥发速率,以使得所述电解质由爆裂处流出,而在所述外壳的外部不出现液态电解质。
21.一种锂电池组,其包括:
至少一个封闭盒装电池;
在所述至少一个封闭盒装电池之上的第一壳体,所述壳体为基本上对水分进入和电解质外流是不可透过的;以及
至少一个正极引线和负极引线由所述至少一个盒装电池中延伸通过所述第一壳体。
22.如权利要求21的锂电池组,其具有多个所述封闭盒装电池,并且其中:
多个封闭盒装电池通过连接引线按所需结构相互连接,并且连接至延伸通过所述第一壳体的所述正极引线和负极引线上;以及
监测引线以防止电解质流出和水分及氧气进入的密封方式由至少一些连接引线延伸通过所述第一壳体。
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- 2000-09-22 JP JP2001527391A patent/JP4079639B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-09-22 EP EP00960263A patent/EP1222708B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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CN102800888A (zh) * | 2011-05-25 | 2012-11-28 | 锂能源日本有限公司 | 电池的制造方法及电池 |
Also Published As
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JP2003510790A (ja) | 2003-03-18 |
CN1193447C (zh) | 2005-03-16 |
CA2290878C (en) | 2003-09-23 |
DE60004254T2 (de) | 2004-04-22 |
KR20020077333A (ko) | 2002-10-11 |
WO2001024303A1 (en) | 2001-04-05 |
EP1222708B1 (en) | 2003-07-30 |
JP4079639B2 (ja) | 2008-04-23 |
EP1222708A1 (en) | 2002-07-17 |
CA2290878A1 (en) | 2001-03-24 |
US6296967B1 (en) | 2001-10-02 |
TW515121B (en) | 2002-12-21 |
DE60004254D1 (de) | 2003-09-04 |
KR100523971B1 (ko) | 2005-10-26 |
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