CN1361843A - 用于制备硅酸盐板的组合物 - Google Patents

用于制备硅酸盐板的组合物 Download PDF

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CN1361843A
CN1361843A CN99816832A CN99816832A CN1361843A CN 1361843 A CN1361843 A CN 1361843A CN 99816832 A CN99816832 A CN 99816832A CN 99816832 A CN99816832 A CN 99816832A CN 1361843 A CN1361843 A CN 1361843A
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composition
plate
silicate
cement
waterproof agent
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何塞·玛丽亚·特赫拉·马丁内斯
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Uralita de Productos y Servicios SA
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Priority claimed from ES200001078A external-priority patent/ES2161643B1/es
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    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/14—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass
    • E04F13/144—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass with an outer layer of marble or other natural stone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B19/00—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
    • B28B19/0053—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon to tiles, bricks or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
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    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
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    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
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    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
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    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/46—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with organic materials
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    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/60—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only artificial stone
    • C04B41/61—Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/62—Coating or impregnation with organic materials
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    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
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    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
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Abstract

本发明提供一种组合物,其包括(以干重计):二氧化硅(40－50%),水泥(20－35%),砂(5－10%)和纤维素纤维(5－9%),以及选择性地一种或多种防水剂和/或增长所述板的尺寸稳定性的试剂。所述组合物是适用于制备可用作建筑工业中建筑或装饰材料(例如地面、墙壁和屋顶)的载体的硅酸盐板。

Description

用于制备硅酸盐板的组合物
发明目的
本发明涉及一种用于制备硅酸盐板的组合物，该硅酸盐板在建筑构件中例如在地面、墙壁和屋顶中可用作建筑材料或装饰材料的基材。本发明还涉及此种硅酸盐板且涉及它们的制备方法。
发明背景
为了建造墙壁、地面或屋顶，使用基材得到其它建筑或装饰材料，例如砖、瓦、地砖等等，在建筑工业中是熟知的。
这些基材的组成根据所承载的材料例如灰泥、水泥、砂浆等等可明显地不同。同样，它们的形状也可以是完全的不同，尽管具有合适尺寸和表面加工的板目前是占主流的。
建筑所用的基材必须达到某些重要的性能，其中包括基材对被沉积的材料具有良好的粘结性能。另外，对这些基材有利的是，它们具有类似于沉积于其上的建筑或装饰材料的膨胀系数。
虽然许多基材是用在由几种不同材料组成的建筑中以得到其它材料，但建筑工业仍然需要可用作能够制得其它建筑或装饰材料的基材(其具有上述性能)的新材料。此种基材的使用将使得所使用的建筑或装饰材料的厚度降低，导致当进行同类的建筑或装饰工作时，材料的成本和它的运输费用降低。
本发明提供了一种克服现有问题的技术方案，其包括开发合适的用于制备硅酸盐板的组合物，该硅酸盐板在建筑构件中可用作建筑或装饰材料的基材。本发明还涉及此种硅酸盐板和它们的制备方法。发明的详细描述
本发明提供了一种用于制备可在建筑构件中用作建筑或装饰材料的基材的硅酸盐板的合适组合物，以下称作为“本发明的组合物”，其包括：
组分                       总的重量百分比(重量％)
二氧化硅                   40-50
水泥                       20-35
砂                         5-10
纤维素纤维                 4-8
所有这些组分是熟知的且在市场上可容易地购得。
所述二氧化硅优选具有3000至4000cm2/g之间的比表面积。
水泥可以是波特兰水泥，优选具有2500至3500cm2/g之间的比表面积。
虽然可以使用在建筑中通常使用的任何砂，但最好使用平均粒径为80-100微米之间的硅酸盐砂。
纤维素纤维可通常来自于例如松树、桉树等的硫酸盐木浆处理方法。在本发明的具体实施方案中，纤维素纤维来自于松树和桉树，其比率为松树∶桉树重量比是2/3∶1/3。
本发明的组合物也包含有助于提高本发明的组合物的可加工性或所得板的性能的几种添加剂，例如防水剂和增长板的尺寸稳定性的试剂。
作为防水剂，可使用通常用在建筑中的任何有机或无机的防水剂和它们的混合物，例如硅酸钠和硅酸钾，硬脂酸盐例如硬脂酸钙等。如果本发明的组合物包括防水剂，那么它可以基于组合物的总重量的2％-4％的量存在。
作为尺寸稳定添加剂，可以使用可降低本发明的组合物和所得板的湿度的任何化合物，例如氧化铝、高岭土等等以及它们的混合物。本发明的组合物可包括一种或多种添加剂以增长所述板的尺寸稳定性，在每种情况下每种添加剂可在本发明的组合物中以相对于组合物总重量的0％-6％之间的量存在。
本发明的组合物可通过以正确的比率混合不同组分而容易地得到。
本发明的组合物是适合用于形成本发明的硅酸盐板，其可在建筑构件中用作建筑或装饰材料的基材。本发明的硅酸盐板可以在Hatschek型机器中容易地制得。
因此，本发明的硅酸盐板可通过包括下列步骤的方法制得：
a)从包括有本发明的组合物的一种混合物的含水膏体成形得到所述板，所述混合物的干重量组成为：40-50％二氧化硅，20-35％水泥，5-10％砂和4-8％纤维素纤维，选择性地还有一种或多种防水剂和/或增长了所述板的尺寸稳定性的添加剂。
b)在模压机中压制所成形的板以降低它的厚度和增长它的密度。
c)从此种模压机中除去成形的板和
d)在高压釜中对这个板实施固化工艺。
本发明的硅酸盐板可制成为平板，但是如果需要，它可制成任何其它形状，例如波纹状板。
在高压釜中固化所制成板的工艺过程中，各组分之间，特别是二氧化硅和水泥之间发生反应，形成粘合的模制品。水泥用作粘结剂，二氧化硅在高压釜中作为反应物产生硅酸钙，纤维素纤维作为增强材料和纤维以在Hatschek机器中形成板且砂是用于降低产物的湿度以帮助增长了板的尺寸稳定性。这个在尺寸稳定性方面的增加可通过添加合适的试剂例如氧化铝、高岭土或它们的混合物而改进。高岭土也可改进在Hatschek机器中的可加工性和促进产物的防水性。这个目标可通过将一种或多种防水剂添加至组合物中而改进。
通过上述的步骤得到的本发明的硅酸盐板是本发明的又一个目的。
本发明的代表性硅酸盐板具有下列的其它性能：密度高于1.5kg/dm3，耐压性超过10Mpa和在干及饱和状态下尺寸变化为0.3％的数量级。
本发明的硅酸盐板是适用于建筑、特别是用于制备建筑或装饰材料的载体材料例如瓦、地砖、砖、大理石、石头等，以建筑地面、墙壁和屋顶。优选的实施方案
如详细描述部分所示，纤维素纤维是通过硫酸盐制浆工艺来源于松树和桉树，剩余的是二氧化硅、波特兰水泥、平均粒径为80-100微米的硅酸盐砂，等比率的硅酸钠和硅酸钾作为防水剂，氧化铝以最终为高岭土的3倍的比率作为稳定剂。
组合物相对于总重量的重量百分比如下：
组分                         总的重量百分比(重量％)
松树纤维                     4
桉树纤维                     2
二氧化硅                     50
水泥                         20
砂                           10
高岭土                       6
硅酸盐                       2
氧化铝                       6

Claims (12)

1、一种适用于制备硅酸盐板的组合物，其包括：
组分                      总的重量百分比(重量％)
二氧化硅                  40-50
水泥                      20-35
砂                        5-10
纤维素纤维                4-8
2、如权利要求1所述的组合物，其中所述二氧化硅的比表面积是3000-4000cm2/g。
3、如权利要求1所述的组合物，其中所述水泥是波特兰型水泥。
4、如权利要求2所述的组合物，其中所述水泥的比表面积是2500-3500cm2/g。
5、如权利要求1所述的组合物，其中所述砂是平均粒径为100微米的硅酸盐砂。
6、如权利要求1所述的组合物，其还包括选自于防水剂和增长所述板的尺寸稳定性的试剂的一种或多种添加剂。
7、如权利要求6所述的组合物，其中所述防水剂选自于：有机防水剂、无机防水剂和它们的混合物。
8、如权利要求7所述的组合物，其中所述防水剂选自于：硅酸钠和硅酸钾、硬脂酸钙和它们的混合物。
9、如权利要求8所述的组合物，其中所述防水剂是以相对于组合物总重量的2％-4％的量存在于所述组合物中。
10、如权利要求6所述的组合物，其中所述增长板的尺寸稳定性的试剂是选自于：氧化铝、高岭土和它们的混合物。
11、如权利要求6所述的组合物，其中所述增长板的尺寸稳定性的试剂是以相对于组合物总重量的0％-6％的量存在于所述组合物中。
12、一种制备硅酸盐板的方法，其包括下列步骤：
a)从带有如权利要求1-11任一所述的干重量组成的混合物的含水膏体成形所述板。
b)在模压机中压制所成形的板以降低它的厚度和增长它的密度。
c)从此种模压机中除去成形的板和
d)在高压釜中对这个板实施固化工艺。
CN99816832A 1999-07-28 1999-07-28 用于制备硅酸盐板的组合物 Pending CN1361843A (zh)

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