CN1350039A - 制备导电颜料的方法 - Google Patents

制备导电颜料的方法 Download PDF

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CN1350039A
CN1350039A CN01137033A CN01137033A CN1350039A CN 1350039 A CN1350039 A CN 1350039A CN 01137033 A CN01137033 A CN 01137033A CN 01137033 A CN01137033 A CN 01137033A CN 1350039 A CN1350039 A CN 1350039A
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R·格劳施
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种制备作为导电层涂覆到底材上的基于F和/或PO4 3-掺杂的锡混合氧化物的导电颜料的方法,其中首先通过沉淀和随后的焙烧来制备SnO2涂覆的底材,然后在另一工艺步骤中将这一SnO2层转变成F和/或PO4 3-掺杂的锡混合氧化物层。本发明还涉及用本发明方法制备的导电颜料,涉及这些颜料加到漆、印刷油墨、塑料体系或涂料中的应用,以及涉及加有用本发明方法制备的导电颜料的漆、印刷油墨、塑料体系或涂料。

Description

制备导电颜料的方法
本发明涉及一种制备作为导电层涂覆到底材上的基于F-和/或PO4 3-掺杂的锡混合氧化物的导电颜料的方法。本发明还涉及用本发明的方法制备的导电颜料,涉及这些颜料加到漆、印刷油墨、塑料体系或涂料中的应用以及涉及加有用本发明的方法制备的导电颜料的漆、印刷油墨、塑料体系或涂料。
在许多工业部门中,需要例如可用于生产导电的或抗静电的或屏蔽电磁波的塑料、漆、涂料等的导电颜料。导电的炭黑大量用于这一目的,但由于它在可见光谱区域内有高的吸收性,所以不能用于透明的、浅色的或有色的涂料。另一个问题是炭黑在红外光区域内有强吸收性,因此在这种情况下,例如阳光照射常常会使经涂覆的制品产生不希望有的发热。
所以,对于浅色的导电涂料来说,例如使用镍涂覆的石墨、金属小片和混合氧化物,例如锑掺杂的二氧化锡(SnO2)。可将所提及的混合氧化物涂覆到载体上,例如涂覆到片状的云母或球形硫酸钡上。用这一方法混合氧化物作为导电层在底材上的应用有两个相关的好处,首先该颜料在涂料体系中和在其他聚合物层上的性能得到改善,其次有可能降低这些体系的价格。
例如,US-A-4431764公开了含有成膜的粘合剂和掺杂有0.1-20%(重量)Sb2O3或Sb2O5形式锑的细分散氧化锡的透明导电涂料。EP-A-0375575公开了含有锑掺杂的氧化锡作为导电层的导电的片状颜料,薄的二氧化硅层排列在导电层和底材之间。但是,另一层涂覆到底材上大大增加了制备方法的复杂性,所以使颜料更贵。另外,含锑的氧化锡有这样一个缺点,它们有不同程度的蓝色,这一点与锑的含量和焙烧温度有关。另一因素是,从毒物学的观点看,通常含有氧化锑的氧化锡和含有氧化锑的底材看来不是没有问题的。
JP60-223167和JP62-050344公开了用铟-锡氧化物(ITO)涂覆的云母片和高岑土片,其特点是有相对高的透明性和相对良好的导电性。但是,这些颜料的缺点是相对高的铟价格。DE-A-4333673公开了这样一些导电颜料,其中使用的掺杂剂包括铝的氧化物,而不是氧化锑。但是,这些混合氧化物的缺点是这些颜料的低的电阻瞬时稳定性。
所以为了得到有高的瞬时稳定电阻的导电颜料,DE-A-19811694通过在一种或多种氟化物和/或磷化合物存在下可水解的锡(II)和锡(IV)化合物在水中反应,用氟化物(F-)和磷(P5+)掺杂锡的混合氧化物。如此制得的掺杂的混合氧化物作为导电层涂覆到底材上。
但是,这些F-和/或P5+掺杂的导电层涂覆到底材上的制备方法是比较贵的和比较复杂的。制备基于F-和/或P5+掺杂的锡混合氧化物的导电颜料的另一可能方法是用强机械力将SnO2、SnO和F-和/或PO4 3-研磨,然后在氮气氛下将研磨的颜料焙烧。在这一方法中,虽然有可能制得电阻为200-300欧姆·厘米的导电颜料,但是这些产品有高的表面粗糙度,所以仅限于用于聚合物溶液,例如涂料。而且,这些产品用这一方法不可能将这些产品作为导电层用于底材上。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供这样一种制备作为导电层涂覆到底材上的基于F-和/或PO4 3-掺杂的锡混合氧化物的导电颜料的方法,这一方法是比较简单的和比较低费用的。然而,这一方法应得到具有可接受导电性的导电颜料,其中上述的缺点至少不明显。
现已令人吃惊地发现,作为导电层涂覆到底材上的基于F-和/或PO4 3-掺杂的锡混合氧化物的导电颜料可用以下步骤制备:首先用简单和低费用的方法制备SnO2涂覆的底材,然后在另一些工艺步骤中将这一SnO2层转变成F-和/或PO4 3-掺杂的锡混合氧化物层。
因此,本发明提供一种制备作为导电层涂覆到底材上的基于F-和/或PO4 3-掺杂的锡混合氧化物的导电颜料的方法。在这一方法中,首先在一定pH值和温度下将可水解的锡(IV)化合物加到含有底材的水溶液中来制备锡(IV)氧化物水合物涂覆的底材,其pH值和温度能使锡(IV)化合物完全水解,然后将底材从悬浮液中分离出来,如果需要的话,经洗涤和干燥,随后在600-1000℃下焙烧,制成SnO2涂覆的底材。
优选使用这样数量的可水解锡(IV)化合物,以致按底材的重量计,锡(IV)氧化物水合物涂覆的底材焙烧后SnO2的重量分数为5-200%(重量)、优选30-100%(重量)、特别优选40-60%(重量)。
可使用的底材包括所有的水不溶的无机化合物,优选片状颗粒,要不就是球形颗粒。所使用的优选底材包括云母、玻璃片、滑石、石墨、Al2O3、BaSO4、ZnO、SiO2或其混合物。这些颗粒的平均粒度优选小于150微米,特别优选不大于100微米。片状底材的主尺寸优选小于150微米、特别优选小于100微米,其厚度优选小于10微米、特别优选不大于2微米。在片状底材中,主尺寸与厚度之比(纵横比)优选大于3、特别优选大于5。
在另一工艺步骤中,随后将SnO2层转变成F-和/或PO4 3-掺杂的锡混合氧化物层。
在本发明方法的一优选实施方案中,通过首先用还原剂将SnO2涂覆的底材还原成SnO2/SnO/Sn混合氧化物涂覆的底材的方法来实现SnO2层生成F-和/或PO4 3-掺杂的锡混合氧化物层的转变。在这一情况中使用的还原剂优选为氢或硅。随后将这一锡混合氧化物涂覆的底材与含有F-和/或PO4 3-的盐或盐混合物一起研磨,最后在无氧的条件下,在300-900℃下进行焙烧。这样就得到用F-和/或PO4 3-掺杂的锡混合氧化物层涂覆的底材。所使用的含有F-和/或PO4 3-的盐或盐混合物优选为NaF、NH4F、Na2HPO4、(NH4)2HPO4或其混合物。这些盐或盐混合物优选与这样数量的SnO2/SnO/Sn混合氧化物涂覆的底材一起研磨,以致按SnO2/SnO/Sn混合氧化物涂覆的底材重量计,盐或盐混合物的重量分数为1-15%(重量)、特别优选2-10%(重量)、最优选4-8%(重量)。
在本发明方法的另一优选实施方案中,用以下步骤将SnO2层转变成F-和/或PO4 3-掺杂的锡混合氧化物层:将SnO2涂覆的底材与SnF2和/或SnHPO4一起研磨,最后将它在无氧的条件下在300-900℃下焙烧。这样得到F-和/或PO4 3-掺杂的锡混合氧化物层涂覆的底材。将SnO2涂覆的底材优选与这样数量的SnF2和/或SnHPO4一起研磨,以致按SnO2涂覆的底材重量计,SnF2和/或SnHPO4的重量分数为1-15%(重量)、特别优选2-10%(重量)、最优选4-8%(重量)。
在本发明的方法中,优选使用F-和PO4 3-来掺杂。F-与PO4 3-的比优选为1∶2至2∶1。
与在F-和/或PO4 3-存在下可水解的锡(II)和锡(IV)盐的沉淀相比,本发明的方法较简单,而且费用较少,并且得到具有可接受电阻的导电颜料。
本发明还涉及用本发明方法制备的导电颜料。
本发明还涉及本发明方法制备的导电颜料作为加颜料漆、印刷油墨、塑料体系或涂料的应用。
最后,本发明涉及加有本发明方法制备的导电颜料的漆、印刷油墨、塑料体系或涂料。
操作实施例
SnO2涂覆的底材的制备
将100克云母悬浮在2.5升去离子水中,然后将悬浮液加热到75℃。将该悬浮液的pH值调节到2.1。随后,在搅拌速度为400-1000转/分下,将75毫升SnCl4水溶液以0.5-1毫升/分的速率滴加入。所有的SnCl4加入后,将锡(IV)氧化物水合物涂覆的底材分离出来,洗涤和在120-140℃下干燥。随后将干燥过的产物在600-1000℃下焙烧。制得的SnO2涂覆的底材电阻小于1000千欧·厘米。
实施例1:导电颜料的制备
将40克SnO2涂覆的底材在H2/N2气流(15%/85%)中在600℃下还原30分钟。此时SnO2/SnO/Sn混合氧化物涂覆的底材的电阻大约为1千欧·厘米。随后将20克SnO2/SnO/Sn混合氧化物涂覆的底材与1克NaF和1克Na2HPO4一起研磨,然后在氮气中在600℃下焙烧30分钟。这样得到浅灰色颜料粉末。用这一方法制得的F-和PO4 3-掺杂的并涂覆到底材上的SnO2/SnO/Sn混合氧化物的电阻为350欧姆·厘米。
实施例2:导电颜料的制备
将20克SnO2涂覆的底材与1克SnF2和1克SnHPO4一起研磨,然后在氮气中在600℃下焙烧30分钟。这样得到颜料粉末。如此制得的用F-和PO4 3-掺杂的并涂覆到底材上的SnO2/SnO混合氧化物的电阻为300欧姆·厘米。

Claims (13)

1.一种制备作为导电层涂覆到底材上的基于F-和/或PO4 3-掺杂的锡混合氧化物的导电颜料的方法,其特征在于,首先通过在一定的pH值和温度下以悬浮形式将可水解的锡(IV)化合物加到含有底材的水溶液中,该pH值和温度可使锡(IV)化合物完全水解,然后将该底材从悬浮液中分离出来,如果需要,经洗涤和干燥,随后在600-1000℃下焙烧,制成SnO2涂覆的底材,以及在于,随后在另一工艺步骤中,将这一SnO2层转变成F-和/或PO4 3-掺杂的锡混合氧化物层。
2.根据权利要求1的制备导电颜料的方法,其特征在于,用以下步骤将SnO2层转变成F-和/或PO4 3-掺杂的锡混合氧化物层:首先用还原剂将SnO2涂覆的底材还原成SnO2/SnO/Sn混合氧化物涂覆的底材,随后将用这一锡混合氧化物涂覆的底材与含有F-和/或PO4 3-的盐或盐混合物一起研磨,最后在无氧的条件下在300-900℃下焙烧研磨过的颜料。
3.根据权利要求2的制备导电颜料的方法,其特征在于,使用的还原剂为水或硅。
4.根据权利要求2或3的制备导电颜料的方法,其特征在于,所用的含有F-和/或PO4 3-的盐或盐混合物为NaF、NH4F、Na2HPO4、(NH4)2HPO4或其混合物。
5.根据权利要求2-4的制备导电颜料的方法,其特征在于,将SnO2/SnO/Sn混合氧化物涂覆的底材与这样数量的含有F-和/或PO4 3-的盐或盐混合物一起研磨,以致按SnO2/SnO/Sn混合氧化物涂覆的底材重量计,盐或盐混合物的重量分数为1-15%(重量)。
6.根据权利要求1的制备导电颜料的方法,其特征在于,用以下步骤将SnO2层转变成F-和/或PO4 3-掺杂的锡混合氧化物层:将SnO2涂覆的底材与SnF2和/或SnHPO4一起研磨,最后在无氧的条件下在300-900℃下将它焙烧。
7.根据权利要求6的制备导电颜料的方法,其特征在于,将SnO2涂覆的底材与这样数量的SnF2和/或SnHPO4一起研磨,以致按SnO2涂覆的底材重量计,SnF2和/或SnHPO4的重量分数为1-15%(重量)。
8.根据权利要求1-7中一项或多项的制备导电颜料的方法,其特征在于,将这样数量的可水解的锡(IV)化合物加到底材悬浮液中,以致按底材的重量计,在锡(IV)氧化物水合物涂覆的底材焙烧后,SnO2的重量分数为5-200%(重量)。
9.根据权利要求1-8中一项或多项的制备导电颜料的方法,其特征在于,所用的底材包括云母、SiO2片、滑石、石墨、Al2O3、BaSO4、ZnO、SiO2或其混合物。
10.根据权利要求1-9中一项或多项的制备导电颜料的方法,其特征在于,用F-和PO4 3-掺杂底材上的混合氧化物,F-与PO4 3-的比为1∶2至2∶1。
11.根据权利要求1的方法制备的导电颜料。
12.根据权利要求1的方法制备的导电颜料加到色漆、印刷油墨、塑料体系或涂料中的应用。
13.加有按权利要求1的方法制备的导电颜料的漆、印刷油墨、塑料体系或涂料。
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