CN1328931C - 感应加热装置及其挡热板以及热轧生产线 - Google Patents

感应加热装置及其挡热板以及热轧生产线 Download PDF

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CN1328931C
CN1328931C CNB028009932A CN02800993A CN1328931C CN 1328931 C CN1328931 C CN 1328931C CN B028009932 A CNB028009932 A CN B028009932A CN 02800993 A CN02800993 A CN 02800993A CN 1328931 C CN1328931 C CN 1328931C
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induction heating
hot baffle
cooling water
heating equipment
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天笠敏明
桂重史
江口俊信
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Toshiba Mitsubishi Electric Industrial Systems Corp
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NKK Corp
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    • B21B45/004—Heating the product
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    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
    • F27B9/24—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor
    • F27B9/2407—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor the conveyor being constituted by rollers (roller hearth furnace)
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Abstract

本发明涉及设置于感应加热线圈内侧的且遮挡来自所输送的被加热材料的辐射热进入该感应加热线圈中的感应加热装置的挡热板，它由导热率为5W/(m℃)或更高的导热性强的整体耐火材料构成并且在该整体耐火材料中埋设有冷却管，由此一来，由热引起的变形和破损非常少。

Description

感应加热装置及其挡热板以及热轧生产线
技术领域
本发明涉及用于例如在是钢板制造中的一个工序的热轧生产线上适于加热经粗轧而得到的钢板(薄板坯)等高温物体的感应加热装置以及具有这种感应加热装置的生产线。
背景技术
例如，在热轧钢板时，尤其是在粗轧后的精轧工序中，过去产生了以下所述的种种麻烦。即，
a)钢板前端的、因在粗轧机中的低速轧制而产生的降温部的质量降低；
b)钢板后端的、因在粗轧结束后且精轧开始前的散热而产生的降温部的质量降低；
c)钢板的、因接触加热炉内的滑动梁的部分升温不够而产生的降温部的质量降低等。
为解决上述问题，提出了在热精轧机的入口侧输送线上用感应加热装置加热粗轧而成的薄板坯并由此进行热补偿的方案。
就是说，在热精轧前进行这样的处理，即如图7A和图7B所示，在其宽度和厚度方向上用感应加热线圈3围住要加热的薄板坯1的预定区域部分，感应加热线圈3对整个薄板坯1或其局部施加贯穿于薄板坯长度方向上的交变磁场并在薄板坯1内引生感应电流，通过该感应电流来加热该区域。在图7B中，感应加热线圈的磁力线用虚线表示，通过感应加热线圈3产生的高频磁力线朝着轧制方向贯穿薄板坯1并经过感应加热线圈3端部而返回感应加热线圈3的背面，从而加热薄板坯的该部分。在图中的5是用于输送薄板坯1的辊。
这样，当用来自感应加热装置2的感应加热线圈3的感应电流加热薄板坯时，感应加热线圈3因薄板坯1的辐射热而升温并由此容易烧坏，因此，必须防止出现这种现象。因而，有人提出了这样的方法，即为了挡住薄板坯1的辐射热地减慢感应加热线圈附近的升温，如图7B所示，在感应加热线圈2和薄板坯1之间设置耐热型挡热板4。
例如，在日本专利申请公开号平6-31682中揭示了具有层状叠置耐火型无机纤维板和耐火隔热砖的结构的挡热板。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供在高温感应加热装置中难于出现由热引起的变形和破损的挡热板。
本发明涉及设置于感应加热线圈内侧的且阻挡来自在感应加热线圈内输送的被加热材料的辐射热的感应加热装置的挡热板，其特征是，它具有导热率是5W/(m℃)或更高的整体耐火材料和包藏于该整体耐火材料内的冷却管。
此外，在上述技术方案中的冷却管由多根构成的情况下，这些冷却管最好是其管轴线成为被加热材料的输送方向并列而设的。
而且，所述并列设置的多根冷却管是如此配置的，即相邻冷却管的管轴线之间的距离最好是上述挡热板厚度的3倍或更小。
本发明还涉及在感应加热线圈内侧设有根据本发明的挡热板的感应加热装置。在上述高温物体的感应加热装置中，挡热板的长度可以是700毫米或更大。
本发明还涉及热轧生产线，其中在具有粗轧机和精轧机的热轧生产线上，在粗轧机出口侧和精轧机入口侧之间的输送线上设有上述感应加热装置。
附图说明
根据援引下述附图的进一步说明和实施例说明，能够更详细地理解本发明的各个方面和实施形式。另外，本发明不局限于上述实施例。
图1是表示耐火材料导热率对整体耐火材料的内外表面温差的影响的曲线图。
图2是表示耐火材料导热率对整体耐火材料的变形量的影响的曲线图。
图3是表示整体耐火材料的内面(即与被加热材料相对的面的反面)温度和冷却管的间距/整体耐火材料的厚度之间的关系的曲线图。
图4表示挡热板的冷却管配管的例子。
图5表示装在冷却管两端上的例子。
图6表示该实施例所用的感应加热装置。
图7A、7B示意表示感应加热方法。
图8A、8B示意表示在感应加热装置的挡热板上发生变形的状况。
具体实施方式
以下，说明实现本发明的经过。
当在具有长条挡热板的感应加热装置中使用在上述现有技术中使用的材料地进行薄板坯的感应加热时，产生了以下的新问题。
来自约1000℃的薄板坯1的辐射热使挡热板的温度上升，如图8A的虚线所示，被固定支承在输送方向的两端上的挡热板4因由板内外表面温差引起的热膨胀差而在薄板坯侧隆起地弯曲变形。因而，当变形程度大时，如图8B所示地在挡热板4上出现裂纹，甚至材料剥落，挡热板自身最终破损。随着在输送方向上的挡热板长度的增大并进而感应加热线圈的长度增大，挡热板的这样的变形和破损倾向越发明显。
在传统的感应加热装置中，挡热板所用的耐火材料短小，通常是300毫米-500毫米，而不到700毫米。在这样的短小挡热板的情况下，没有遇到如图8所示的开裂。
本发明提出了现有技术无法适用的且解决上述问题的新定方案，它提供一种不易出现由来自被感应加热的被加热材料的辐射热引起的变形和破损的感应加热装置的挡热板。
为解决上述问题，本发明人对感应加热线圈挡热板应具有的条件进行了研究，结果发现，在挡热板中使用导热性强的整体耐火材料并且在该耐火材料中内藏地埋设冷却管，由此有效地积极实现了挡热板的散热，由此制定出本发明。
根据本发明，挡热板的主要材料为成板状的整体耐火材料。当使用整体耐火材料时，根据本发明，在内藏有冷却管的场合下，进行模制成形，因而与冷却管的附着性也提高。因此，能够有效地散热并抑制由辐射热引起的耐火材料的升温。此外，根据本发明，为了有效地进行借助冷却的挡热板散热，整体耐火材料必须具有高的导热率。
图1示出了这样的调查结果，即内设有冷却管的整体耐火材料(厚25毫米，输送方向上的长度为900毫米)被放置在薄板坯温度为1000℃的辐射热环境下达1小时并调查整体耐火材料的导热率对耐火材料内外表面温差的影响。如图1所示，如果使用以氧化铝和二氧化硅为主要成分的普通耐火材料即导热率为0.5W/m℃-2.0W/m℃的材料，则耐火材料的内外表面温差达到500℃-800℃。可是，如果导热率提高，则内外表面温差明显降低。
图2示出了对在上述实验中测定的、整体耐火材料的导热率对整体耐火材料变形量δ的影响的调查结果。如图2所示，整体耐火材料的导热率对整体耐火材料的弯曲变形量δ也有显著影响。因此，在以导热率为0.5W/m℃-2.0W/m℃的氧化铝和二氧化硅为主要成分的普通耐火材料的情况下，变形量δ为5毫米-20毫米。
根据本发明的调查，在挡热板比较长如700毫米以上的情况下，如果整体耐火材料的变形量δ能够被抑制在3毫米以下并最好是2毫米以下，则挡热板不开裂并且能够充分发挥挡热板的作用，实际使用起来完全没有问题。即，如图2所示，通过使用整体耐火材料导热率为5.0W/m℃或更高且最好为7.0W/m℃以上的导热性强的整体耐火材料，例如使用以碳化硅为主要成分的整体耐火材料，可以将整体耐火材料的变形量δ抑制在预定值以下。换句话说，如图1所示，这相当于把整体耐火材料的内外表面温差抑制在300℃以下并最好是抑制在200℃以下。
另外，为了充分并均匀地发挥冷却效果，设置多根冷却管并且最好其管轴线在输送方向上并列地设置这些冷却管。
本发明人还对在整体耐火材料中内藏的冷却管的配置进行了实验。图3归纳了耐火材料厚度及图3所定义的水冷管间距对整体耐火材料的内外表面温度的影响的调查结果，所述内外面温度是在薄板坯温度为1000℃的辐射热环境下一边给水冷管供水一边保持厚30毫米、导热率为7W/m℃-11W/m℃强导热性整体耐火材料时达到的。
如图3所示，整体耐火材料的内外面温度能够按照内藏于整体耐火材料中的水冷管间距与整体耐火材料厚度之比进行调整，因而，为了使耐火材料内表面温度降低到是感应加热线圈的耐热温度的300℃，上述比值即(水冷管间距)/(耐火材料厚度)的值最好为3以下。
在图4的平面图和图5(图4的A-A截面)的侧视图中，示出了提供上述条件的挡热板4的一个例子。大致平行于输送方向且并列设置的冷却管12被埋设在导热性强的整体耐火材料11中，整体耐火材料11装在安装修边模具13中被模制成板状。为了给这些冷却管供应冷却介质(通常是冷却水)，如图5所示，在挡热板长度方向上的两端的宽度方向的中央，设置了给排水口15。这样，从给排水口15一端被输入的冷却介质经过多根分支冷却管12从另一端的给排水口15被排出。
有这样结构的挡热板通过如设置在其长度方向的两端部上的螺栓孔14被固定在感应加热装置2上并挡住来自被加热材料的辐射热地保护感应加热线圈3。
此外，冷却管12也担负起支承挡热板的整体耐火材料的任务，在薄板坯的感应加热中，该冷却管也受到感应加热，恐怕会降低支承强度。为了抑制冷却管升温，必须抑制感应电流。为了减小流经冷却管的感应电流，或者减小冷却管截面面积即缩小管径，或者缩小管厚。不过，另一方面，若过分着重于此，则冷却管的强度(抗弯强度)降低，作为支承材料的作用降低。
因此，从这两个观点出发，除了考虑挡热板的长度、材料等来拟定冷却管的尺寸外，选择适当的尺寸是很重要的。
(实施例)
以下，具体说明本发明。
在如图6所示的粗轧机出口侧和精轧机入口侧之间的输送线上，空出1.2米间隔地在输送方向上串联设有两台具有根据本发明的内水冷式挡热板的感应加热装置(线圈内侧的宽度为2000毫米，内侧的高度为240毫米，线圈长度为600毫米)。在挡热板(长700毫米)上，在宽度方向上(垂直于输送方向的方向)按照60毫米间隔地并列设置6根不锈钢(SUS304)水冷管(管径8毫米，管厚1毫米)，在水冷管周围模制出以碳化硅(SiC)为主要成分的可浇注的耐火材料。经过干燥烧结的整体耐火材料是这样的导热性强的材料，即它具有30毫米的厚度并且含70％的碳化硅(SiC)，余量为20％的铝土(氧化铝)和10％的二氧化硅，并且其导热率高达9W/m℃。
在上述输送线上，用辊道辊以1米/秒的速度输送经过粗轧机粗轧的薄板坯(宽1300毫米，厚30毫米，0.5％Si钢)，并通过感应加热装置在板坯长度方向上施加交变磁场(输入功率5000千瓦，频率2000赫兹)地进行加热。接着，加热后的薄板坯被供给后续的7架精轧机并被精轧到2毫米板厚。在上述条件下，由于加热长度为2.4米(2×0.6米+1.2米)，所以板坯以1米/秒的速度经过时的加热时间共计为2.4秒。
在以上条件下感应加热薄板坯并观察挡热板的表面温度、变形及损伤程度。结果发现，挡热板的靠近线圈的表面的温度不到150℃，而且没有由内外表面温差引起的整体耐火材料的变形，挡热板没有破损。
在这种条件下连续工作6个月，在此期间内，没有看到挡热板的变形、破损，挡热板能够充分发挥其挡热功能。因此，通过使感应加热装置具有本发明的挡热板，完全没有了由薄板坯辐射热引起的感应加热线圈的损伤。
工业实用性
根据本发明，能够有效地遮挡来自被感应加热的薄板坯等被加热材料的辐射热并由此保护感应加热线圈。因此，根据本发明，可以在输送线上进行稳定的感应加热并且稳定地获得了由连轧产生的轧件材质均匀且生产率高的车间。

Claims (6)

1、感应加热装置的挡热板，该挡热板设置在感应加热线圈的内侧并且阻挡来自在所述感应加热线圈内输送的被加热材料的辐射热，其特征在于，所述挡热板具有导热率为5W/m℃或更高的整体耐火材料和包藏于该整体耐火材料内的冷却管。
2、如权利要求1所述的感应加热装置的挡热板，其特征在于，在由许多根构成所述冷却管的情况下，这些冷却管是其管轴线沿被加热材料的输送方向并列而设的。
3、如权利要求2所述的感应加热装置的挡热板，其特征在于，所述并列设置的冷却管是这样设置的，即相邻冷却管的管轴线的间距是所述挡热板的厚度的3倍或更小。
4、感应加热装置，它在感应加热线圈的内侧设有如权利要求1所述的挡热板。
5、如权利要求4所述的感应加热装置，其特征在于，它具有长度为700毫米或更大的挡热板。
6、具有粗轧机和精轧机的热轧生产线，它在粗轧机和精轧机之间的输送线上具有如权利要求4所述的感应加热装置。
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