CN1324908A - 含有乙烯基醚和氨基甲酸酯或脲官能团的小片连接粘合剂 - Google Patents

含有乙烯基醚和氨基甲酸酯或脲官能团的小片连接粘合剂 Download PDF

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CN1324908A
CN1324908A CN01119710A CN01119710A CN1324908A CN 1324908 A CN1324908 A CN 1324908A CN 01119710 A CN01119710 A CN 01119710A CN 01119710 A CN01119710 A CN 01119710A CN 1324908 A CN1324908 A CN 1324908A
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O·M·穆萨
D·E·赫尔
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Abstract

同时含有乙烯基醚和氨基甲酸酯、硫代氨基甲酸酯或脲官能团的化合物适用于微电子应用领域并且与不含氨基甲酸酯、硫代氨基甲酸酯或脲官能团的化合物相比具有提高了的粘结强度。

Description

含有乙烯基醚和氨基甲酸酯或脲官能团的 小片连接粘合剂
本发明涉及含有包含乙烯基醚和或氨基甲酸酯、硫代氨基甲酸酯或是脲官能团的树脂的小片连接粘合剂。
粘合剂组合物,特别是导电性粘合剂广泛用于制造和组装半导体包封件和微电子器件。更突出的应用为将集成电路片粘结到引线框架或其它基材上,及将电路包封件或元件粘结到印刷电路板上。
现有包含乙烯基醚作为给体化合物的用于低模量粘合剂,特别是用于小片连接应用中的快速固化粘合剂中的电子受体/给体粘合剂。但是,含有市售乙烯基醚的小片连接粘合剂由于这些市售乙烯基醚的挥发性和非极性特性而经常存在粘性差、树脂流淌和流出。因此,需要利用含有极性官能团的乙烯基醚提供改进的小片连接粘合剂以解决这些性能问题。
本发明涉及含有在分子(小分子)或聚合体上包含乙烯基醚和极性官能团如氨基甲酸酯、硫代氨基甲酸酯或脲官能团的树脂的小片连接粘合剂组合物。小片连接粘合剂组合物可包含固化剂和一种或多种填料。
分子或聚合基团可以是支化、线型或环形的烷烃、硅氧烷、聚硅氧烷、C1-C4-烷氧基封端的硅氧烷或聚硅氧烷、聚醚、聚酯、聚氨酯、聚丁二烯、或芳族、多芳族、或杂芳族基团。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明为包含一种或多种极性乙烯基醚化合物和一种或多种可共聚电子受体化合物、及固化剂和一种或多种填料的小片连接粘合剂组合物。用于共聚的适宜电子受体化合物为富马酸酯和马来酸酯,例如马来酸二辛酯、马来酸二丁酯、富马酸二辛酯、富马酸二丁酯。含有丙烯酸酯和马来酰亚胺官能团的树脂或化合物为其它的适宜电子受体材料。
用于本发明小片连接粘合剂组合物中的极性乙烯基醚化合物为具有此处所述结构的化合物:
Figure A0111971000051
其中
n为1-6,且优选为1-3;
R1、R2和R3为氢、甲基或乙基,优选R1、R2和R3中的两个为氢而一个为甲基,且更优选全部为氢;
Q为含有1-12个碳原子的烷基或亚烷氧基线型或支化链或在环结构内含有3-10个碳原子的芳环或杂芳环或稠环,其中杂原子可以为N、O或S;
X和Y独立地为O、NR1或S,其中R1如上述,条件是X和Y都不能为氧或硫,并且
Z为其可包括环形部分的支化或线型烷烃、硅氧烷、聚硅氧烷、C1-C4-烷氧基封端的硅氧烷或聚硅氧烷、聚醚、聚酯、聚氨酯、聚丁二烯、或芳族、多芳族、或杂芳族基团。
用于制备的作为Z基团的起始原料可从许多供应商处购得;例如芳族和聚芳烃材料可从BASF或Bayer获得;硅氧烷和聚硅氧烷来自Gelest;聚醚来自BASF;聚酯来自Uniqema或Bayer;聚丁二烯来自Elf-Atochem;聚氨酯来自Bayer或BASF;而支化或线型烷烃来自Uniqema。这些来源中的一些会具有已经被官能化的Z材料以用于与含有包含乙烯基醚基团的起始材料的反应性官能团反应;在其它情况中,专业人员需要将材料官能化以准备与乙烯基醚起始原料反应。
Z的精确组成或分子量对本发明不是关键的并且可根据电子受体化合物的最终用途要求而广泛变化。可以选择Z的组成以在最终配方中给出特定材料性能,如流变性能、亲水或疏水性能、韧性、强度或柔韧性。例如,低水平交联及绕聚合键的自由旋转将赋予化合物柔韧性,而硅氧烷单元的存在将赋予疏水性和柔韧性。分子量和链长度将影响粘度,分子量越高且链长越长,则粘度越高。
这些极性乙烯基醚化合物可由本领域技术人员设计出的各种合成路线制备。一种适宜的方法是通过在分子或聚合体起始材料上乙烯基醚封端的醇、胺或硫醇与共反应性官能团如异氰酸酯之间的缩合或加成反应。乙烯基醚封端的醇及含聚氨酯低聚物的乙烯基醚的合成路线公开于转让给Allied Signal,Inc.的US专利4,749,807、4,751,273和4,775,732。
这些极性乙烯基醚化合物可与电子受体化合物如富马酸酯、马来酸酯、丙烯酸酯及马来酰亚胺共混以共聚形成具有广泛用途的固化粘合剂组合物。适宜的富马酸酯和马来酸酯为例如马来酸二辛酯、马来酸二丁酯、富马酸二辛酯、富马酸二丁酯。适宜的丙烯酸酯众多并且有市售,例如来自Sartomer。适宜的马来酰亚胺易于制备,例如根据Dershem的US专利6,034,194和6,034,195所述方法制备。
本发明的极性乙烯基醚化合物可配制到粘合剂、涂料、铸封料或封装组合物中,特别是配制到用于电子工业应用的组合物中。该组合物可包含一种或多种固化剂和导电或不导电的填料、以及稳定化化合物、粘结促进剂或偶联剂。
一般粘合剂组合物将包含电子给体极性乙烯基醚和电子受体的混合物。电子给体与电子受体的摩尔比通常在1∶2-2∶1范围,但其它范围可适用于特殊的最终用途。选择摩尔比以在最终固化组合物中获得特殊性能属于本领域技术人员无需过分实验的专业技术。对于含有填料的那些组合物,电子给体/受体体系一般以5-30wt%存在于粘合剂组合物中。对于不含填料的组合物,电子给体/受体混合物将是主要的组分。
这些组合物可热或辐射固化。示例性固化剂为以占组合物0.1-10wt%、优选0.1-3.0wt%的量存在的自由基引发剂和光引发剂。优选的自由基引发剂包括过氧化物,如过辛酸丁酯和过氧化二枯基,及偶氮化合物,如2,2’-偶氮二(2-甲基丙腈)和2,2’-偶氮二(2-甲基丁腈)。优选的光引发剂系列是以商标Irgacure由Ciba SpecialtyChemicals出售的。在某些配方中,可能热引发和光引发均需要,例如固化过程可由辐射开始,而在随后加工步骤中通过使用热进行热固化而完成固化。
一般这些组合物将在70-250℃范围内的温度固化,并且固化将在十秒至三小时的时间间隔内进行。每个配方的时间和温度固化曲线将随特殊的电子给体化合物及配方中的其它组分而变化;固化曲线的参数可由本领域技术人员无需过分实验而确定。
示例性导电填料为炭黑、石墨、金、银、铜、铂、钯、镍、铝、碳化硅、一氮化硼、金刚石和矾土。示例性不导电填料为蛭石、云母、钙硅石、碳酸钙、金红石、沙子、玻璃、熔凝硅石、煅制硅石、硫酸钡及卤化乙烯聚合物,如四氟乙烯、三氟乙烯、偏二氟乙烯、氟乙烯、偏二氯乙烯和氯乙烯颗粒。当填料存在时,其量一般占配制剂的70-95wt%。
示例性粘结促进剂或偶联剂为硅烷、硅酸盐酯、金属丙烯酸盐或甲基丙烯酸盐、钛酸盐及含有螯合配位体如膦、硫醇和乙酰乙酸酯的化合物。当偶联剂存在时,其用量最多占电子给体化合物的10wt%,优选用量占0.1-3.0wt%。
配制剂可包含赋予所得固化材料额外柔韧性和韧性的化合物。这种化合物可以是任何Tg为150℃或更小的热固性或热塑性材料并且一般为聚合物材料,如聚丙烯酸酯、聚丁二烯、聚THF(聚合四氢呋喃)、羧基封端的丁腈橡胶及聚丙二醇。当这些化合物存在时,其用量最多可占极性乙烯基醚化合物的约15wt%。
下列实施例给出了代表性极性乙烯基醚化合物、其制备反应及由这些化合物制备的粘合剂配制剂。反应产物通过1H-NMR和FT-IR光谱进行表征。OCN-C36-NCO代表通过油酸和亚油酸二聚然后转化为二异氰酸酯衍生物所得的异构体的混合物。C36代表含有36个碳原子的线型和支链烷基(由亚油酸和油酸二聚所得)的异构体的混合物。
                   实施例1
在1升装有机械搅拌、加料漏斗和氮气导入/出管的三颈烧瓶中将二聚二异氰酸酯(Henkel,DDI1410)(88.36g,0.147mol)溶解在甲苯(300ml)中。反应置于氮气氛下,并在将溶液加热到80℃时搅拌下加入0.04g二月桂酸二丁基锡(催化剂)。加料漏斗中加入溶解在甲苯(50ml)中的1,4-环己烷二甲醇单乙烯基醚(BASF)(50g,0.294mol)。在10分钟内将该溶液加入到异氰酸酯溶液中,并将所得混合物在80℃再加热3小时。当反应冷却到室温后,用蒸馏水洗涤混合物3次。分离出的有机层经MgSO4干燥、过滤并在真空下除去溶剂得到产率为94%的产物。
                   实施例2
Figure A0111971000081
在500ml装有机械搅拌、加料漏斗和氮气导入/出管的三颈烧瓶中将二聚二异氰酸酯(Henkel,DDI1410)(41.7g,0.069mol)溶解在甲苯(100ml)中。反应置于氮气氛下,并在将溶液加热到80℃时搅拌下加入0.03g二月桂酸二丁基锡(催化剂)。加料漏斗中加入溶解在甲苯(20ml)中的1,6-己醇乙烯基醚(BASF)(20g,0.139mol)。在10分钟内将该溶液加入到异氰酸酯溶液中,并将所得混合物在80℃再加热3小时。当反应冷却到室温后,用蒸馏水洗涤混合物3次。分离出的有机层经MgSO4干燥、过滤并在真空下除去溶剂得到产率为97%的产物。
                   实施例3
Figure A0111971000082
按实施例2进行相同的反应,使用丁醇乙烯基醚替代己醇乙烯基醚。
               实施例4
Figure A0111971000091
在500ml装有机械搅拌、加料漏斗和氮气导入/出管的三颈烧瓶中将二聚二异氰酸酯(Henkel,DDI1410)(29.74g,0.049mol)溶解在甲苯(200ml)中。反应置于氮气氛下,并将溶液加热到50℃。加料漏斗中加入溶解在甲苯(50ml)中的3-氨基-1-丙醇乙烯基醚(Aldrich)(10g,0.099mol)。在10分钟内将该溶液加入到异氰酸酯溶液中,并将所得混合物在50℃再加热1小时。当反应冷却到室温后,用蒸馏水洗涤混合物3次。分离出的有机层经MgSO4干燥、过滤并在真空下除去溶剂得到产率为96%的产物。
                   实施例5
该实施例给出了配制到用作小片连接膏的粘合剂中的含有氨基甲酸酯官能团的乙烯基醚化合物的性能特征。
在DSC中使用2wt%的引发剂,来自实施例1和2的极性乙烯基醚化合物及二聚二乙烯基醚(DDVE),各自以一比一摩尔比与作为电子受体的双马来酰亚胺反应。双马来酰亚胺具有如下结构:
Figure A0111971000093
每克含有极性乙烯基醚的配制剂放出的热等于或高于DDVE的,表示聚合程度相似或更大。含有极性乙烯基醚的配制剂的开始至出峰(onset-to-peak)的温度范围也与DDVE基配方的类似或更好,表示类似的固化动力学。结果列于下表中:
含有乙烯基醚的小片连接膏的出处 开始(℃) 峰(℃) 开始至出峰(℃) ΔH(J/g)
    实施例1  97.78  113.99     16.21     239.5
    实施例2  104.87  118.52     13.65     213.4
    DDVE  101.49  119.01     17.52     207.2
以一比一摩尔比使用上述同样的双马来酰亚胺作为电子受体也将来自实施例1和2的乙烯基醚化合物及二聚二乙烯基醚配制到小片连接粘合剂组合物中。专业人员会意识到本说明书中所述的其它电子受体可替代马来酰亚胺。
小片连接粘合剂具有下列配方:
组分 重量%
双马来酰亚胺(电子受体) 11.19
乙烯基醚(电子给体) 10.31
马来酸酐8%(Ricon131) 2.50
引发剂 0.50
粘结促进剂共混物 0.50
银屑 75.0
对上述三个配方(来自实施例1和2的电子受体及DDVE)进行用作小片粘结粘合剂的试验。每个配方分成两份,一份进行室温下粘结强度与电路小片剪切的试验,而第二份进行240℃下的电路小片剪切试验。将三种配方每一个的每份粘合剂配方的等分试样放置在120×120密耳的硅片之间并且各自带有Pd、Ag和Cu引线框。将每个引线框装置放置在200℃的热板上约60秒以固化粘合剂。固化后,在室温和240℃对电路小片侧施压直至出现剪切。以kg为单位测定小片剪切力。结果列于下表中并且显示其中乙烯基醚化合物含有极性官能团的实施例1和2的电路小片剪切值在室温下显示了比不含极性官能团的DDVE更优越的粘结强度。
化合物           室温电路小片剪切           240℃小片剪切
    Pd     Ag     Cu     Pd     Ag     Cu
实施例1  13.2kg  11.1kg  11.7kg  4.4kg  3.8kg  2.8kg
实施例2  10.7kg  8.6kg  9.2kg  4.2kg  3.7kg  2.5kg
DDVE  7.0kg  7.9kg  7.2kg  4.0kg  3.3kg  2.2kg

Claims (7)

1.小片连接粘合剂,其包括
(a)5-30wt%含有极性官能团的乙烯基醚化合物和电子受体化合物的混合物,
(b)0.01-10.0wt%自由基引发剂或光引发剂,
(c)70-95wt%导电或不导电填料,
总和为100wt%,其中乙烯基醚具有下列结构:
Figure A0111971000021
其中
n为1-6;
R1、R2和R3为氢、甲基或乙基;
Q为含有1-12个碳原子的烷基或环烷基线型或支化链;含有1-12个碳原子的亚烷氧基链,或含有3-10个碳原子并任选还含有O、N或S杂原子的芳环或稠芳环;
X和Y独立地为O、NR1或S,条件是X和Y都不能为氧或硫;
Z为其可包括环形部分的支化或线型烷烃、硅氧烷、聚硅氧烷、C1-C4-烷氧基封端的硅氧烷或聚硅氧烷、聚醚、聚酯、聚氨酯、聚丁二烯、或芳族、多芳族、或杂芳族基团。
2.根据权利要求1的小片连接粘合剂,其中
R1、R2和R3为氢,
Q为含有1-12个碳原子的线型或支链烷基;并且
Z为含有最多36个碳原子的线型或支链烷基。
3.根据权利要求1的小片连接粘合剂,其中填料为银。
4.根据权利要求1的小片连接粘合剂,其中填料为四氟乙烯。
5.具有下列结构的乙烯基醚化合物:
Figure A0111971000031
其中
R1、R2和R3独立地为氢、甲基基团或乙基基团;
Q为含有1-12个碳原子的烷基或亚烷氧基线型或支化链;
Z为其可包括环形部分的支化或线型烷烃、硅氧烷、聚硅氧烷、C1-C4-烷氧基封端的硅氧烷或聚硅氧烷、聚醚、聚酯、聚氨酯、聚丁二烯、或芳族、多芳族、或杂芳族基团。
6.根据权利要求5的具有下列结构的乙烯基醚化合物:其中C36为36个碳的线型或支化链的异构体的混合物。
7.包含根据权利要求5的乙烯基醚化合物、自由基引发剂或光引发剂及任选还存在的的导电或不导电填料的粘合剂组合物。
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