CN1320587A - High-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer and its preparing process - Google Patents
High-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer and its preparing process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A multi-element high-concentration liquid fertilizer for vegetables and fruit trees contains water, urea, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, ammonium phosphate, phosphoric acid, calcium nitrate, boric acid, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, composite chelating agent and sodium selenite. Its advantages are high concentration, complete nutrients, no precipitation, high resistance to salt and alkali, low cost and no pollution.
Description
The present invention relates to high-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer that cash crop such as a kind of vegetables, fruit tree use and preparation method thereof, belong to technical field of fertilizers.
In recent decades, no matter China in the production level of chemical fertilizer industry, still all obtained bigger progress on the fertilizer practice Study on Theory.But fertilizer at present commonly used to improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, reduce agricultural cost, increase output, improve quality, reduce labor intensity and and agricultural restructuring all be unfavorable.Fertilizer variety is more single in the market, and concentration is low, and proportioning is unreasonable, poorly water-soluble, and utilization rate of fertilizer is low.Because China peasant's situations such as existing quality difference decision, want to reach the purpose of balance fertilizing, only depending on the peasant to utilize uses after existing fertilizer mixs up on the market, needed nutritive element kind of crop and ratio are can not be guaranteed, has only the scientific and technological content that improves fertilizer, strengthen that cost is low, the development and the exploitation of the fertilizer that is easy to use, can guarantee balance fertilizing.Be promotion water saving, strengthen environmental protection, and cooperate the application of spray drip irrigation integrated technique on cash crop such as vegetables, the research of strengthening high density, nutrition entirely, low cost, free of contamination liquid fertilizer is imperative.Mainly there is the problem of the following aspects in current liquid fertilizer: (1) nutrient content low (2) nutrient is incomplete, and proportioning is unreasonable.(3) poorly water-soluble, phosphorus and middle trace element produce precipitation.At present liquid fertilizer mainly contains following several: 1. organic liquid fertilizer is the fertilizer that raw material forms with organic compositions such as amino acid, humic acid.2. inorganic liquid fertilizer is based on the fertilizer of nitrogen phosphorus potassium inorganic components.3. biological liquid fertilizer is based on the fertilizer of living microorganism, fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing and potassium solubilizing bacteria.Organic fertilizer exists effective nutrient content low, and the organic-inorganic proportioning is unreasonable, can not satisfy the drawback of the nutrient demand of crop growth phase.Drawbacks such as biological liquid fertilizer exists the bio-synergistic effect not obvious, and nutrient content is low.Inorganic liquid fertilizer ubiquity nutrient is incomplete, and macroelement and middle trace element can not be effectively compound, dissolves problems such as producing precipitation between incomplete or the element, and some external liquid fertilizer is introduced sequestrant and realized its processable, causes cost too high.The production cost that improves utilization rate of fertilizer, reduction fertilizer is the key that promotes the fertilizer industry development, and the trial production of high quality, low analysis fertilizer promptly is peasant's a actual needs, also is the China market needs of economic development.
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of prior art, a kind of high-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer and preparation method thereof is provided.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions.
High-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer of the present invention is made up of following component, is weight part:
0.2～0.5 part of 25～30 parts in water, 20～30 parts in urea, 20～25 parts in ammonium nitrate, 5～10 parts in saltpetre, 10～15 parts in Repone K, 1～4 part in ammonium phosphate, 5～8 parts of phosphoric acid, 4～8 parts in nitrocalcite, 0.1～0.3 part of boric acid, 5～10 parts in sal epsom, 0.5～1.5 part in ferrous sulfate, 0.5～1 part in zinc sulfate, 1～3 part of composite chelate agent and Sodium Selenite.
Above-mentioned composite chelate agent be oxysuccinic acid, citric acid, polyphosphoric acid salt by weight 1: (2～4): the mixture of (0.2～0.6).
Polyphosphoric acid salt in the above-mentioned composite chelate agent is tripoly phosphate sodium STPP, Potassium tripolyphosphate, five sodium polyphosphates or five Rapisols.
High-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer preparation method of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) in No. 1 reactor, adds entry and ammonium phosphate in proportion, heat 90～100 ℃, add urea and Repone K after waiting to dissolve in proportion successively, fluid temperature is controlled at 70～80 ℃, all after the dissolving, add 5～8 parts of phosphoric acid, add nitrocalcite, ammonium nitrate, saltpetre, Sodium Selenite and boric acid more in proportion successively, be reaction solution No. 1.
(2) in No. 2 reactors, add entry and composite chelate agent in proportion, be heated to 70～80 ℃, add sal epsom, zinc sulfate and ferrous sulfate then successively, reacted 20 minutes, promptly get reaction solution No. 2.
(3) with in No. 1 reaction solution and No. 2 reaction liquid pump to 3 reactors, temperature remains under 50～60 ℃, reacts 15 minutes, is cooled to room temperature then, promptly gets product.The said products is packed.
Compared with the prior art excellent results of the present invention is as follows:
1. concentration height, reasonable ratio: its fertilizer nitrogen+phosphorus+potassium 〉=30%; In, the trace element (magnesium, sulphur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron) 〉=10%; Each element proportioning is to adjust by Different Crop nutrient demand characteristic.
2. nutrition is complete: promptly contain macroelement, in containing again, trace element, formed the multielement compound liquid fertilizer.
3. do not precipitate: solved the composite precipitation problem of phosphoric acid salt, vitriol and metallic cation, can place for a long time and not produce precipitation.
4. anti-saline and alkaline: this fertilizer reaches the unusual effect of anti-salt by regulating the proportioning of potassium, calcium and selenium element.
5. cost is low: this production technique for fertilizer is simple, and cost is low.
6. pollution-free: this fertilizer solvability is good, cooperates the spray drip irrigation equipment, realizes water and fertilizer coupling, the fertilizer requirement of fertilizer amount and crop is coincide constantly, and the utilization rate of fertilizer height is residual few, can not cause the eutrophication of water body, effectively suppress the secondary salinization of soil, be free of contamination environment-friendly fertilizer.
7. wide adaptability: this product adaptation is in various vegetables, fruit tree and field crop, can make to spray the fertile and liquid level of drip irrigation and dashes and apply fertilizer.
8. field test effect:
Application effect one, the materials and methods () of multielement liquid fertilizer on leaf vegetables in the solonchak. for trying material: 1. for studying thing: rape (kind: April is graceful); Celery (kind: the SF celery).2. for examination soil: cinnamon soil, soil salt content 0.3～0.5%.3. test period: on October 15th, 2000 is to by the end of November.4. for examination soil fertility situation (seeing Table 1)
Table 1 is for the organic saltiness of examination soil fertility situation test plot pH alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen rapid available phosphorus available potassium
(ppm), (ppm), (ppm), (%), (%) rape is tested 7.20 171.3 128.0 249.3 1.83 0.47 celeries and is tested 7.45 231.9 295.4 278.4 2.76 0.30, (2). test is handled: 1. contrast: 2. processing 1 of not applying fertilizer: conventional fertilizer application 3. handles 2: use the high-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer, (concrete prescription is seen embodiment 1) high-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer application process: once applied in per ten days with watering.15 square metres of experimental plot areas, triplicate (I, II, III), random alignment.(3). test method
Each is handled the experimental plot seedling and counts unanimity, and adopts identical field management (sick, pest control, water management etc.) measure.(4). investigation test project: 1. survey celery and each output of handling of rape test when gathering in the crops.2. the content of edible position N, P, K, Ca, Mg and the content of celery Vc are tested in sampling when results.3. complete test phase observed and recorded incidence is investigated the number of blade (or stem number), plant height.Two, result and discussion (one). the effect of increasing production of high-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer
The yield result of table 2 different treatment celery
Output (Kg/ district) significance of difference
*Handle folding per mu yield stimulation ratio
I II III average (Kg/ mu) is 5% 1% 1 160.6 170.3 172.5 167.8 7456.8-a A, 2 180.4 181.7 173.7 178.6 7939.8 6.5 a A, 3 201.5 215.2 210.0 208.9 9283.7 24.5 b B (%)
* adopt duncan's method to carry out multiple comparisons (alphabetical different table differential is significantly different or extremely remarkable between each processing, otherwise difference is not obvious, down together).
From the result of table 2 as can be seen, the high-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer uses tangible effect of increasing production on celery, and variance analysis reaches 1% utmost point conspicuous level.Carry out multiple comparisons with duncan's method, processing of high-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer and contrast and conventional fertilizer application are handled relatively, and difference all reaches utmost point conspicuous level.The high-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer is handled to compare respectively and is shone and conventional fertilizer application processing volume increase 24.5% and 16.9%.
The yield result of table 3 different treatment rape
Output (Kg/ district) significance of difference is handled folding per mu yield stimulation ratio
I II III average (Kg/ mu) is 5% 1% 1 40.5 43.3 44.0 42.6 1895.4-a A, 2 43.2 44.3 45.1 44.2 1966.4 3.7 a A, 3 49.8 48.7 53.0 50.5 2244.2 18.4 b B (%)
From the result of table 3 as can be seen, the high-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer uses tangible effect of increasing production on rape, and variance analysis reaches 1% utmost point conspicuous level.Carry out multiple comparisons with duncan's method, processing of high-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer and contrast and conventional fertilizer application are handled relatively, and difference all reaches utmost point conspicuous level.The high-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer is handled respectively contrast and conventional fertilizer application processing volume increase 18.4% and 14.1%.(2). liquid fertilizer is to the influence of quality and nutrition absorption
When celery and rape results, N, P, K, Ca, Mg nutrient content to its edible portion are tested, explore of the influence of multielement liquid fertilizer to the leaf vegetables nutrition absorption, and the Vc content of celery edible portion tested, seek its influence to the leaf vegetables quality, analytical results sees Table 4 and table 5 respectively.
As can be seen from Table 4, the high-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer has improved the quality of celery, and the Vc content of celery is obviously improved, and comparison is handled raising 0.07mg/100g fresh weight according to improving the 0.31mg/100g fresh weight than conventional fertilizer application.The multielement liquid fertilizer has produced certain influence to the nutrition absorption of celery simultaneously, promoted the absorption of celery to P, K, Mg, reduced the accumulation of N simultaneously, this poisons reducing nitrate, the quality that improves leaf vegetables is significant, and Ca content reduces in the celery body in addition, because nutrient liquid fertilizer has promoted the absorption of plant to K, because the antagonistic action between positively charged ion, so reduced absorption to Ca.
Table 4 different treatment is to the influence of celery quality and nutrition absorption
Nutrient content (%) is handled Vc
(mg/100g fresh weight) N P
2O
5K
2O Ca Mg 1 0.57 5.42 1.56 2.36 1.83 0.310 2 0.79 3.53 1.69 2.64 1.90 0.319 3 0.86 4.27 1.75 2.60 1.71 0.353
Table 5 different treatment is to the influence of rape nutrition absorption
Nutrient content (%) is handled
N P
2O
5 K
2O Ca Mg 1 6.1 1.64 4.14 3.07 0.59 2 3.9 1.99 3.13 3.26 0.40 3 3.8 1.7 4.46 2.78 0.65
From table 5, the high-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer is similar to the influence to celery to the influence of the nutrition absorption of rape.Promoted the absorption to P, K, Mg, reduced the absorption to Ca, Ca is because of cationic antagonistic action between potassium calcium in the minimizing of plant in-vivo content, has reduced N simultaneously and has accumulated in the plant body, and quality is made moderate progress.(3). the multielement liquid fertilizer is to the influence of vegetables growing way and disease resistance
We at complete test phase observed and recorded the influence of multielement liquid fertilizer to celery and rape disease resistance, and, the plant height and the number of blade (or stem number) of these two kinds of vegetables have been done probe in the every sub-district random sampling of when results, the results are shown in Table 6 and table 7.
Table 6 different treatment is to the influence of celery growing way and disease resistance
Handle stem and count the plant height sickness rate
(cm) (％)
1 5 57.8 24.7
2 6 62.5 18.3
3 7 67.6 12.1
By table 6 as seen, the high-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer increases the stem number of celery, and than contrast and 2 and 1 stems of conventional fertilizer application processing increasing, plant height contrasts and the conventional fertilizer application processing is increased 9.8 centimetres and 5.1 centimetres respectively respectively, and growing way is more vigorous.Sickness rate is contrast and conventional fertilizer application processing decline 12.6% and 6.2% respectively, and resistance is strengthened to some extent.
Table 7 different treatment is to the influence of rape growing way and disease resistance
Handle number of sheets plant height sickness rate
1 4 23.2 21.8
2 5 27.3 16.9
3 6 31.5 10.9
By table 7 as seen, the high-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer increases the number of sheets of rape, increases 2 and 1 numbers of blade than contrast and conventional fertilizer application processing respectively, and plant height contrasts and the conventional fertilizer application processing is increased 8.3 centimetres and 4.2 centimetres respectively, and growing way is more vigorous.Sickness rate is contrast and conventional fertilizer application processing decline 10.9% and 6.0% respectively, and resistance is strengthened to some extent.
Three, test-results
(1). the high-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer has tangible effect of increasing production to celery and rape.On celery, comparison is shone and conventional fertilizer application volume increase 24.5% and 16.9% respectively; On rape, contrast and conventional fertilizer application volume increase 18.4% and 14.1% respectively.
(2). the high-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer has produced certain influence to the quality and the nutrition absorption of celery and rape, has improved the content of Vc in the celery, and contrast and conventional fertilizer application improve 0.31mg/100g fresh weight and 0.07mg/100g fresh weight respectively.Reduce by the accumulation of two kinds of interior N of vegetables body, reduced the toxic action of nitrate, improved the quality of vegetables.And promoted absorption to P, K, Mg to have reduced absorption to Ca.
(3). the high-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer makes the growing way of celery and rape more vigorous, and stem number (or number of sheets) increases, and plant height increases, and disease resistance strengthens simultaneously, has reduced the disease incidence.
(4). under the soil salt content condition with higher, the high-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer makes the growing way of celery and rape vigorous, and stem number (or number of sheets) increases, and plant height increases, and has significant saline-alkaline tolerance.
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1. components are as follows, are weight part:
1 part in 25 parts in water, 22 parts in urea, 25 parts in ammonium nitrate, 8 parts in saltpetre, 8 parts in nitrocalcite, 15 parts in Repone K, 1 part in ammonium phosphate, 8 parts of phosphoric acid, 0.2 part of boric acid, 6 parts in sal epsom, 0.6 part in zinc sulfate, 1.5 parts of composite chelate agent, 0.4 part of Sodium Selenite and ferrous sulfate.Wherein the composite chelate agent consists of oxysuccinic acid, citric acid, five sodium polyphosphates by weight 1: 3: 0.3.The preparation method is as follows:
(1) in No. 1 reactor, adds entry and ammonium phosphate in proportion, heat 95 ℃, add urea and Repone K after waiting to dissolve in proportion successively, fluid temperature is controlled at 70 ℃, all after the dissolving, add 8 parts of phosphoric acid, add nitrocalcite, ammonium nitrate, saltpetre, Sodium Selenite and boric acid more in proportion successively, be reaction solution No. 1.
Add entry and composite chelate agent in proportion in (2) No. 2 reactors, be heated to 70 ℃, add sal epsom, zinc sulfate and ferrous sulfate then successively, reacted 20 minutes, promptly get reaction solution No. 2.
(3) with in No. 1 reaction solution and No. 2 reaction liquid pump to 3 reactors, temperature remains under 55 ℃, reacts 15 minutes, is cooled to room temperature then, promptly gets product.The said products is packed.
Embodiment 2. is as described in the embodiment 1, and different is that component is as follows, is weight part:
1.5 parts in 26 parts in water, 25 parts in urea, 22 parts in ammonium nitrate, 7 parts in saltpetre, 12 parts in Repone K, 7 parts in nitrocalcite, 4 parts in ammonium phosphate, 6 parts of phosphoric acid, 0.3 part of boric acid, 7 parts in sal epsom, 1 part in zinc sulfate, 1.8 parts of composite chelate agent, 0.3 part of Sodium Selenite and ferrous sulfate.Wherein the composite chelate agent consists of oxysuccinic acid, citric acid, tripoly phosphate sodium STPP by weight 1: 2: 0.3.
Embodiment 3. is as described in the embodiment 1, and different is that component is as follows, is weight part:
0.7 part in 25 parts in water, 30 parts in urea, 20 parts in ammonium nitrate, 6 parts in saltpetre, 15 parts in Repone K, 6 parts in nitrocalcite, 3 parts in ammonium phosphate, 5 parts of phosphoric acid, 0.3 part of boric acid, 8 parts in sal epsom, 0.8 part in zinc sulfate, 3 parts of composite chelate agent, 0.2 part of Sodium Selenite and ferrous sulfate.Wherein the composite chelate agent consists of oxysuccinic acid, citric acid, Potassium tripolyphosphate by weight 1: 2: 0.5.
Claims (4)
1. high-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer is characterized in that, is made up of following component, is weight part:
0.2～0.5 part of 25～30 parts in water, 20～30 parts in urea, 20～25 parts in ammonium nitrate, 5～10 parts in saltpetre, 10～15 parts in Repone K, 1～4 part in ammonium phosphate, 5～8 parts of phosphoric acid, 4～8 parts in nitrocalcite, 0.1～0.3 part of boric acid, 5～10 parts in sal epsom, 0.5～1.5 part in ferrous sulfate, 0.5～1 part in zinc sulfate, 1～3 part of composite chelate agent and Sodium Selenite.
2. high-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described composite chelate agent be oxysuccinic acid, citric acid, polyphosphoric acid salt by weight 1: (2～4): the mixture of (0.2～0.6).
3. high-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the polyphosphoric acid salt in the described composite chelate agent is tripoly phosphate sodium STPP, Potassium tripolyphosphate, five sodium polyphosphates or five Rapisols.
4. a method for preparing the described high-concentration multi-element liquid fertilizer of claim 1 comprises the steps:
(1) in No. 1 reactor, adds entry and ammonium phosphate in proportion, heat 90～100 ℃, add urea and Repone K after waiting to dissolve in proportion successively, fluid temperature is controlled at 70～80 ℃, all after the dissolving, add 5～8 parts of phosphoric acid, add nitrocalcite, ammonium nitrate, saltpetre, Sodium Selenite and boric acid more in proportion successively, be reaction solution No. 1;
(2) in No. 2 reactors, add entry and composite chelate agent in proportion, be heated to 70～80 ℃, add sal epsom, zinc sulfate and ferrous sulfate then successively, reacted 20 minutes, promptly get reaction solution No. 2;
(3) with in No. 1 reaction solution and No. 2 reaction liquid pump to 3 reactors, temperature remains under 50～60 ℃, reacts 15 minutes, is cooled to room temperature then, promptly gets product.
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