CN1310897C - 制备n-脱苯甲酰基紫杉醇的半合成方法 - Google Patents

制备n-脱苯甲酰基紫杉醇的半合成方法 Download PDF

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CN1310897C
CN1310897C CNB038081881A CN03808188A CN1310897C CN 1310897 C CN1310897 C CN 1310897C CN B038081881 A CNB038081881 A CN B038081881A CN 03808188 A CN03808188 A CN 03808188A CN 1310897 C CN1310897 C CN 1310897C
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E·邦巴尔代利
G·丰塔纳
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Abstract

本发明涉及制备N-脱苯甲酰基紫杉醇(I)的方法,方法是通过将7位保护的浆果赤霉素III用通式(II)的羧酸活性衍生物酯化,并在酸性条件下且在一步中消除酯保护基。在式(II)中,R1为芳基或杂芳基。式(I)化合物可方便地用于制备紫杉醇及其类似物。

Description

制备N-脱苯甲酰基紫杉醇的半合成方法
发明内容
本发明涉及制备N-脱苯甲酰基紫杉醇(I)的方法,
其是具有抗肿瘤活性的已知分子的有用前体。
根据本发明,式(I)的衍生物可通过以下方法获得:使通式(II)的唑烷或其活性衍生物,
其中R1为芳基或杂芳基,
与通式(III)的浆果赤霉素衍生物缩合,
其中R2为可通过酸催化溶剂解除去的羟基保护基,
得到通式(IV)的化合物,
Figure C0380818800071
其中R1和R2如以上所定义,使该化合物经受一定的酸性条件以在一步中提供式(I)化合物,即制备已知抗肿瘤化合物的有用中间体。
本发明较现有技术的合成方法优越,因为:
-通式(II)的唑烷令人惊奇地富含C2位的差向异构体之一;
-所有的氮-和氧-保护基可通过简单的溶剂解被同时除去;
-反应条件使异构化或降解产物的形成减至最少。
R1优选为苯基或被一个或多个C1-C3烷氧基、卤素、C1-C3烷基、卤素-C1-C2烷基取代的苯基。更优选R1为2,4-二甲氧基苯基。
R2可以是任何能通过酸催化溶剂解除去的羟基保护基。适宜的保护基的例子有:缩醛(特别是甲氧基丙基)、烷氧基羰基(如叔丁氧基羰基)、巯基衍生物(如2-硝基苯硫基)。特别优选的是用2-硝基苯硫基保护。
根据本发明,将通式(III)的浆果赤霉素衍生物在缩合剂例如碳二亚胺如环己基碳二亚胺或1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺和活化剂如4-二甲氨基吡啶或N-甲基咪唑存在下、于选自醚(特别是四氢呋喃)、烃(如甲苯或己烷)、卤代烃(特别是二氯甲烷)或其混合物的有机溶剂中、在0至90℃的温度下用通式(II)的酸、盐或活性衍生物酯化。特别有利的是于甲苯和二氯甲烷中、在约70℃的温度下进行反应。
在式(II)的酸衍生物中,特别优选的是使用式(V)的铵盐,
其中R1如以上所定义,且R3、R4和R5可以相同或不同,为C1-C6烷基,特别是乙基、芳基或芳基烷基,优选苄基。使用铵盐可提供剧烈程度更小的反应条件,并且有关产物的稳定性更好。
原则上,任何活性羧酸衍生物(III)如混合酐、酰卤、五氟苯酯、硫代酸酯均可以按照已知的操作方法用于本发明的方法中。
氧-和氮-保护基可通过酸催化溶剂解、优选通过在-20至50℃的温度下用甲醇和对甲苯磺酸处理在一步中除去。
式(II)的酸可通过以下方法获得:将式(VI)的酯水解,
得到式(VII)的盐,
Figure C0380818800082
其中M是具有y个电荷的金属,y为1至2,且n为总是等于y的整数。
所述水解通常在无机碱如金属氢氧化物或金属碳酸盐的碱性介质中、在水-醇介质中、于0至40℃的温度下进行。
式(VIII)的三乙基铵盐可通过在宽的温度范围内使式(VII)的盐与三乙基氯化铵的甲醇溶液反应获得,
Figure C0380818800083
其中R1为2,4-二甲氧基苯基的酯(VI)可通过以下方法获得:使2,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛缩二甲醇(X)与式(IX)的N-(2-硝基苯硫基)-3-苯基异丝氨酸甲酯在惰性有机溶剂或惰性有机溶剂的混合物中、于温和的酸催化剂如对甲苯磺酸吡啶存在下、在0℃至混合物沸点的温度下反应。适宜的溶剂是芳烃。
Figure C0380818800091
式(IX)的化合物可通过以下方法制备:使3-苯基异丝氨酸甲酯盐酸盐与2-硝基苯硫氯在由与水不混溶的惰性有机溶剂(优选乙酸乙酯或二氯甲烷)和水性碱性缓冲液(如碳酸氢钠饱和溶液)组成的两相混合物中、于4至50℃的温度下反应。
7-(2-硝基苯硫基)-浆果赤霉素III可通过以下方法容易地制备:使浆果赤霉素III与2-硝基苯硫氯在惰性溶剂、特别是醚或卤代烃中、于有机或无机碱存在下、在-10至40℃的温度下反应。
化合物:
-7-(2-硝基苯硫基)-浆果赤霉素III;
-13-[N-(2-硝基苯硫基)-N,O-(2,4-二甲氧基亚苄基)-3-苯基异丝氨酰基]-7-(2-硝基苯硫基)-浆果赤霉素III;
-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-3-(2-硝基苯硫基)-4-苯基-5-唑烷甲酸及其盐和C1-C3烷基酯,特别是钠盐和三乙基铵盐以及甲酯;
-N-(2-硝基苯硫基)-3-苯基异丝氨酸,
均是新的、有用的中间体,并且是本发明的另一目的。
以下实施例更详细地阐述了本发明。
实施例
实施例I:N-(2-硝基苯硫基)-3-苯基异丝氨酸甲酯
将溶解在100ml乙酸乙酯中的5g苯基异丝氨酸甲酯和130ml饱和NaHCO3溶液在500ml的圆底烧瓶中进行混合。将两相混合物进行剧烈搅拌,并在30分钟内向其中加入5g2-硝基苯硫氯。将混合物搅拌30分钟,然后分离有机相,用硫酸钠干燥,并在减压下蒸发。残余的黄色油用色谱法(硅胶,己烷-乙酸乙酯,梯度25至50%乙酸乙酯)纯化,得到所需产物,产率74%。
实施例II:2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-3-(2-硝基苯硫基)-4-苯基-5-唑烷甲酸甲酯
向6.6g N-(2-硝基苯硫基)-3-苯基异丝氨酸甲酯在100ml干燥苯中的热溶液中,加入0.5g对甲苯磺酸吡啶和5.3g 2,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛缩二甲醇。将溶液回流4小时,然后使其冷却至室温。之后,加入10ml NaHCO3饱和溶液,并分离各相。用乙酸乙酯萃取水相,将合并的有机相用Na2SO4干燥并在减压下蒸发。残余的黄色油用色谱法(硅胶,含2%三乙胺的己烷-乙酸乙酯5∶1)纯化,得到所需产物,产率74%。
实施例III:2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-3-(2-硝基苯硫基)-4-苯基-5-唑烷甲酸钠
向5g 2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-3-(2-硝基苯硫基)-4-苯基-5-唑烷甲酸甲酯在150ml甲醇中的溶液中,加入22ml 2%的氢氧化钠。将混合物回流1小时。蒸除溶剂并将残余物在40℃、真空下干燥过夜。
实施例IV:2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-3-(2-硝基苯硫基)-4-苯基-5-唑烷甲酸三乙铵
向13mmol上述盐在20ml干燥甲醇中的溶液中,加入1.83g三乙基氯化铵。将混合物搅拌3小时,然后用150ml甲苯稀释。将得到的混悬液抽滤并蒸发母液,得到几乎定量产率的所需产物。该产物可不经进一步纯化直接使用。
实施例V:7-(2-硝基苯硫基)-浆果赤霉素III
在500ml的圆底烧瓶中,将8.8g浆果赤霉素III和3.13g 2-硝基苯硫氯溶解在100ml干燥二氯甲烷中。将溶液在0℃进行冷却后,向其中滴加5ml吡啶,控制滴加速度以使温度保持在5℃以下。然后将混合物在0℃下搅拌30分钟,之后用50ml二氯甲烷稀释,并用5%NaHCO3、再用盐水洗涤。用硫酸镁干燥后,将有机相在减压下蒸发。得到的粗品用色谱法(硅胶,己烷-乙酸乙酯6∶4)纯化,得到5.4g所需产物。
实施例VI:13-[N-(2-硝基苯硫基)-N,O-(2,4-二甲氧基亚苄基)-3-苯基异丝氨酰基]-7-(2-硝基苯硫基)-浆果赤霉素III
向2.9g 7-(2-硝基苯硫基)-浆果赤霉素III、2.9g 2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-3-(2-硝基苯硫基)-4-苯基-5-唑烷甲酸三乙铵在15ml二氯甲烷和30ml干燥甲苯中的混合物中,加入1.5g二环己基碳二亚胺和0.24g 4-二甲氨基吡啶。将反应混合物回流2小时,然后在室温下搅拌过夜。将有机相抽滤,然后用30ml饱和碳酸氢钠、再用盐水洗涤,并在减压下蒸发。残余物用色谱法(硅胶,己烷-乙酸乙酯7∶3)纯化,得到所需产物,产率75%。
实施例VII:N-脱苯甲酰基紫杉醇
在0℃下,将4.4g 13-[N-(2-硝基苯硫基)-N,O-(2,4-二甲氧基亚苄基)-3-苯基异丝氨酰基]-7-(2-硝基苯硫基)-浆果赤霉素III和1.4g对甲苯磺酸溶解在15ml干燥甲醇中。将溶液在0℃下搅拌3-8小时。用TLC监测反应。然后加入15ml碳酸氢钠饱和溶液,蒸除溶剂,并将残余物溶解在乙酸乙酯中。将有机层用水洗涤并用Na2SO4干燥。蒸除溶剂并在色谱柱上(二氯甲烷-甲醇95∶5)纯化,得到所需产物,产率80%。

Claims (11)

1.制备N-脱苯甲酰基紫杉醇(I)的方法,
Figure C038081880002C1
其包括:
a)使通式(II)的羧酸或者其盐或活性衍生物,
其中R1为被一个或多个C1-C3烷氧基取代的苯基,
与通式(III)的浆果赤霉素衍生物缩合,
Figure C038081880002C3
其中R2为可通过酸催化溶剂解除去的羟基保护基,
得到式(IV)的化合物,
Figure C038081880002C4
其中R1和R2如以上所定义;
b)通过酸催化溶剂解除去式(IV)化合物中的R2基团并打开其唑烷环,同时裂解氨基保护基。
2.权利要求1中所述的方法,其中R1为2,4-二甲氧基苯基且R2为2-硝基苯硫基。
3.权利要求1或2中所述的方法,其中步骤a)在缩合剂和活化剂存在下、于选自醚、烃、卤代烃或其混合物的有机溶剂中、在0至90℃的温度下进行。
4.权利要求3中所述的方法,其中的溶剂为甲苯和二氯甲烷的混合物且反应温度为约70℃。
5.权利要求1或2中所述的方法,其中使化合物(III)与式(V)的铵盐反应,
其中R1如权利要求1或2中所定义,且R3、R4和R5为C1-C6烷基。
6.权利要求1或2中所述的方法,其中的羟基-和氨基-保护基通过在-20至50℃的温度下用甲醇和对甲苯磺酸处理在一步中除去。
7.制备式(II)化合物的方法,其包括:
a)制备式(IX)的N-(2-硝基苯硫基)-3-苯基异丝氨酸甲酯;
Figure C038081880003C2
b)使化合物(IX)与醛的二甲基缩醛反应,得到式(VI)的化合物,
其中R1如权利要求1中所定义;
c)将式(VI)的酯水解,得到式(VII)的盐,
其中R1如权利要求1中所定义,M为具有y个正电荷的金属,y为1至2,且n为总是等于y的整数;
d)将式(VII)的盐酸化,得到式(II)的化合物。
8.权利要求7中所述的方法,其中的水解在金属氢氧化物或金属碳酸盐的碱性介质中、在水-醇介质中、于0至40℃的温度下进行。
9.权利要求7中所述的方法,其中步骤b)通过使化合物(IX)与2,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛缩二甲醇在惰性有机溶剂或惰性有机溶剂的混合物中、于温和的酸催化剂存在下、在0℃至混合物沸点的温度下反应来进行。
10.制备其中R3、R4和R5为乙基的式(V)化合物的方法,该方法是通过使其中M为钠的权利要求7中所定义的式(VII)化合物与三乙基氯化铵的甲醇溶液反应进行的。
11.选自以下的化合物:
-7-(2-硝基苯硫基)-浆果赤霉素III;
-13-[N-(2-硝基苯硫基)-N,O-(2,4-二甲氧基亚苄基)-3-苯基异丝氨酰基]-7-(2-硝基苯硫基)-浆果赤霉素III;
-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-3-(2-硝基苯硫基)-4-苯基-5-唑烷甲酸甲酯;
-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-3-(2-硝基苯硫基)-4-苯基-5-唑烷甲酸钠;
-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-3-(2-硝基苯硫基)-4-苯基-5-唑烷甲酸三乙铵;
-N-(2-硝基苯硫基)-3-苯基异丝氨酸。
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ITMI20020782A0 (it) 2002-04-12
EP1495011A1 (en) 2005-01-12
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RU2004130316A (ru) 2005-06-27
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PL371673A1 (en) 2005-06-27
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ITMI20020782A1 (it) 2003-10-13
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