CN1305508A - 用于增强透湿气性结构的低粘度热塑性组合物及其在吸收制品中的应用 - Google Patents

用于增强透湿气性结构的低粘度热塑性组合物及其在吸收制品中的应用 Download PDF

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CN1305508A
CN1305508A CN99807214A CN99807214A CN1305508A CN 1305508 A CN1305508 A CN 1305508A CN 99807214 A CN99807214 A CN 99807214A CN 99807214 A CN99807214 A CN 99807214A CN 1305508 A CN1305508 A CN 1305508A
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I·科赞涅
G·帕伦博
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Procter and Gamble Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及热塑性组合物,通过将该组合物涂覆在基材上制得不透液体、透湿气的层。该热塑性组合物包含较佳的热塑性聚合物和合适的亲水增塑剂,所述增塑剂还增强由该热塑性组合物制得的膜或层的透湿气性。由本发明热塑性组合物制得的层可用于需要透湿气性的多种用途,例如用于吸收制品中,所述吸收制品例如是尿片、卫生巾、内裤衬垫和失禁用产品、保护性床罩、防护服等。

Description

用于增强透湿气性结构的低粘度热塑性组合物 及其在吸收制品中的应用
发明领域
本发明涉及热塑性组合物,通过将该组合物涂覆在基材上制得透湿气、不透液体的层。本发明的组合物可用于需要透湿气性的多种用途,例如用于吸收制品中,所述吸收制品例如是尿片、卫生巾、内裤衬垫和失禁用产品、保护性床罩、防护服等。
发明背景
本领域中已知除了具有透湿气性外,还具有不透液体的性能的热塑性膜。特别好的是这样一类亲水性连续膜,它们不是通过材料中的开孔或开口来使湿气流动的,而是通过在湿气浓度较高的膜的一面吸收水分,在湿气浓度较低的膜的另一面解吸或蒸发水分而使大量湿气透过膜进行传递。
例如,WO 95/16746揭示了由a)嵌段共聚醚酯、嵌段共聚醚酰胺(如PebaxTM)和或聚氨酯,b)与a)不相容的热塑性聚合物和c)相容剂的混合物制得的膜。该膜不透液体,透湿气率约为700克/米2/天。此外,US5,447,783揭示了一种透气不透水的多组分膜结构,该膜结构至少具有三层:外层是疏水性共聚醚酯弹性体(厚度为1.3-7.6微米,WVTR为400-2500克/米2/24小时),内层为亲水性共聚醚酯弹性体(厚度为7.6-152微米,WVTR至少为3500克/米2·24小时)。
US 5,445,875揭示了一种防水、防血、防病毒的透气性层合材料。该层合材料包含织造/非织造织物和厚度约为1密耳(25.4微米)的挤出膜(如HytrelTM)。
其它复合层合材料描述于例如US 5,599,610,它揭示了用于手术服的三层层合织物,包含织造织物的外层和微孔聚氨酯膜的内层,所述微孔膜的厚度为12-55微米,MVTR为1100克/米2·24小时.直立(upright)和5500克/米2·24小时。倒置(inverted)(ASTM E96-B)。聚醚-聚氨酯粘合剂用来粘合这两层。
同样,US 5,532,053揭示了高透湿气性的医用膜,它可以层合在非织造材料上。层合膜包含聚醚酯共聚物的第一层和选自特定聚合物类的第二和第三层。该膜的MVTR大于750克/米2·24小时(ASTM F1249),厚度小于1密耳(25.4微米),较好是0.6-0.75密耳(15-19微米)。
US 4,938,752揭示了包含共聚醚酯膜的吸收制品,该膜具有降低的透水性,透湿气率为500克/米2·24小时(用具体说明的试验方法测得),厚度为5-35微米。该专利未揭示支承基材。
US 4,493,870揭示了柔性的多层防水制品,它包含覆盖有共聚醚酯膜的纺织品材料,所述膜的MVTR至少为1000克/米2·24小时(ASTM E96-66),厚度为5-35微米。
GB2024100揭示了一种柔性的多层抗水制品,它包含微孔疏水外层(它是透湿气但不透液体的)和MVTR高于1000克/米2·24小时的聚醚聚氨酯的亲水性内层。
在我们于同日提交的发明名称为“用于透湿气性结构的低粘度热塑性组合物及其在吸收制品中的应用”的专利申请(P&G案卷号CM1800F)中,揭示了这样的热塑性组合物,它能用于制备透湿气、不透液体的亲水性连续层,所述层具有较佳的透湿气和不透液体的特性。热塑性组合物包含较佳的热塑性聚合物,如聚氨酯、聚醚-酰胺嵌段共聚物、聚乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、聚环氧乙烷及其共聚物、聚交酯及其共聚物、聚酰胺、聚酯嵌段共聚物、磺化聚酯、聚醚-酯嵌段共聚物、聚醚-酯-酰胺嵌段共聚物、聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸及其衍生物、离聚物、乙酸乙烯酯含量超过28%(重量)的聚乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇及其共聚物、聚乙烯醚及其共聚物、聚2-乙基噁唑啉及其衍生物、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮及其共聚物、热塑性纤维素衍生物,以及它们的混合物。所揭示的这些较佳热塑性组合物也能容易地进行加工,以在基材上得到具有所需厚度的涂层,从而无需复杂的常规挤出设备。这是通过向组合物中加入能降低热塑性聚合物粘度的合适增塑剂来调节所述粘度而加以实现的。这使得能够用本领域已知的常用工艺条件将低粘度热熔体直接涂覆在基材上,以所述较佳组合物形成透湿气、不透液体的膜或层。
令人惊奇的是,通过恰当地选择增塑剂或者增塑剂共混物可以得到可用于制备透湿气、不透液体的膜或层的热塑性组合物,所述膜或层与由不含增塑剂或增塑剂共混物的组合物形成的相应膜或层相比,透湿气性增强了。当然,较佳的增塑剂或增塑剂共混物也可调节热塑性组合物的粘度,以使能够用简化的涂覆工艺由热塑性组合物制备膜或层。
发明概述
本发明涉及这样的热塑性组合物,将其涂覆在基材上可制得透湿气、不透液体的层。所述组合物包含:
热塑性聚合物或者聚合物的混合物,选自聚氨酯、聚醚-酰胺嵌段共聚物、聚乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、聚环氧乙烷及其共聚物、聚交酯及其共聚物、聚酰胺、聚酯嵌段共聚物、磺化聚酯、聚醚-酯嵌段共聚物、聚醚-酯-酰胺嵌段共聚物、聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸及其衍生物、离聚物、乙酸乙烯酯含量超过28%(重量)的聚乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇及其共聚物、聚乙烯醚及其共聚物、聚2-乙基噁唑啉及其衍生物、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮及其共聚物、热塑性纤维素衍生物,或者它们的混合物,
合适的相容性亲水增塑剂或者亲水增塑剂的共混物,
所述热塑性组合物在温度为210℃或更低、频率为1弧度/秒(rad/s)时的粘度为50-4000泊,在温度为210℃或更低、频率为1000弧度/秒时的粘度低于2000泊,
所述亲水增塑剂选自酸、酯、酰胺、醇、多元醇,或者它们的混合物。
发明的详细说明
本发明组合物中包含的合适的热塑性聚合物包括聚氨酯、聚醚-酰胺嵌段共聚物、聚乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、聚环氧乙烷及其共聚物、聚交酯及其共聚物、聚酰胺、聚酯嵌段共聚物、磺化聚酯、聚醚-酯嵌段共聚物、聚醚-酯-酰胺嵌段共聚物、聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸及其衍生物、离聚物、乙酸乙烯酯含量超过28%(重量)的聚乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇及其共聚物、聚乙烯醚及其共聚物、聚2-乙基噁唑啉及其衍生物、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮及其共聚物、热塑性纤维素衍生物,以及它们的混合物。
特别好的热塑性聚合物是热塑性聚醚-酰胺嵌段共聚物(如PebaxTM)、热塑性聚醚-酯-酰胺嵌段共聚物、热塑性聚酯嵌段共聚物(如HytrelTM)、热塑性聚氨酯(如EstaneTM),或者它们的混合物。
这些热塑性聚合物或者聚合物混合物在加工形成膜或层的已知工艺(如使用高功率螺杆挤出机的挤出工艺)的典型工艺条件时在熔融状态下通常是高度粘性的。例如,所述热塑性聚合物或者聚合物混合物在温度为比DSC(差示扫描量热法)熔点高20℃、频率为1弧度/秒时的粘度高于5000泊,所述DSC熔点对应于DSC峰值的温度,或者在聚合物混合物多于一个峰的情况下对应于最高DSC峰的温度。
较佳的热塑性聚合物或者聚合物混合物的粘度可通过向热塑性组合物中加入合适的增塑剂或者增塑剂共混物加以调节,所述增塑剂或者增塑剂共混物可与热塑性聚合物相容,并可降低热塑性聚合物或者聚合物混合物于在熔融状态时的粘度。
包含较佳的亲水增塑剂或者亲水增塑剂共混物的本发明热塑性组合物具有以下复数粘度(η*):
在210℃或更低的温度、1弧度/秒的频率时,50泊<η*<4000泊,较好是100泊<η*<2000泊,更好是100泊<η*<1000泊,在210℃或更低的加工温度(T)、1000弧度/秒的频率时,η*<2000泊,较好是η*<1000泊,更好是η*<500泊。其中,η*表示热塑性聚合物组合物的复数粘度。较好的温度T是200℃或更低,更好是180℃或更低,最好是200℃至50℃。
可用本领域已知的用来将低粘度热熔体组合物以所需厚度的膜形式涂覆在基材上的常用涂覆条件和设备将具有所述复数粘度的热塑性组合物在基材上涂覆膜或层,在保持较佳热塑性聚合物优点的同时,还具有透湿气、不透液体的亲水连续层或膜。
具有所述粘度的热塑性组合物还可以得到非常薄的膜或层。
令人惊奇地发现,在酸、酯、酰胺、醇、多元醇、或者它们的混合物中选择亲水增塑剂或者亲水增塑剂共混物加入热塑性组合物,由该热塑性组合物形成的层或膜与由包含相同热塑性聚合物但不含增塑剂的热塑性组合物形成的相应膜或层相比,具有增强透湿气性的优点。
较佳的亲水增塑剂或者亲水增塑剂共混物也可用来调节热塑性组合物的粘度至较佳值,以使得该热塑性组合物易加工,以所需厚度的层或膜形式涂覆在基材上。
本发明的较佳亲水增塑剂是柠檬酸酯、酒石酸酯、甘油及其酯、山梨糖醇、甘醇酸酯,以及它们的混合物。
本发明的热塑性组合物含有该热塑性组合物的较好是10-80%(重量),更好是25-70%(重量)的热塑性聚合物或者聚合物的混合物,该热塑性组合物的20-90%(重量),较好是30-75%(重量)的合适的亲水增塑剂或者亲水增塑剂的共混物。
本发明的热塑性组合物还可包含其它任选组分,以进一步改进组合物的加工性和由该热塑性组合物形成的膜或层的机械特性及其它特性(如粘合性、抗光和氧气的老化性、外观等)。
这些任选组分包括软化点为125℃或更低的增粘性树脂或者增粘性树脂的共混物。较佳的树脂(含量最多为热塑性组合物的50%(重量))可选自松香和松香酯、烃类树脂、脂族树脂、萜烯和萜烯-酚醛树脂、芳族树脂、合成C5树脂、合成C5-C9树脂的混合物,以及它们的混合物。所述热塑性组合物的其它任选组分包括抗氧化剂、抗紫外线剂、颜料,以及它们的混合物,这些可任选组分存在于组合物中的含量最多为该组合物的10%(重量)。
本发明的热塑性组合物可以用如下方法制得,该方法通常包含以下步骤:提供热塑性聚合物或者聚合物混合物以及合适的增塑剂或者增塑剂共混物,加热这些组分并将其混合(例如用已知合适的混合机),形成具有所需复数粘度η*的熔融状态的热塑性组合物。
根据本发明,通过将本发明的热塑性组合物涂覆在基材上而形成透湿气、不透液体的层。由本发明热塑性组合物形成的膜或层的透湿气率宜至少为100克/米2·24小时,较好是至少300克/米2·24小时,最好是至少500克/米2·24小时。
由本发明的热塑性组合物制备层或膜的方法通常包含以下步骤:提供所述组合物,加热该组合物使之可流动,将熔融状态的所述组合物以所需厚度的膜形式涂覆在基材上。所述基材可以只是成形用基材,将热塑性组合物涂覆在上面以形成所需厚度的膜或层,然后将所述膜或层与所述基材分离,单独使用。但按本发明的一个实施方案,也可以在所述基材上涂覆所述热塑性组合物形成包含热塑性组合物和基材的透湿气、不透水的复合材料,所述基材宜也为透湿气性的。
本发明的该实施方案提供了一种透湿气、不透液体的复合材料,其中由本发明热塑性组合物形成的层对复合材料性能的贡献仅在于提供了不透液体性能,因此最好尽可能地薄。其余的性能物理标准宜由设置的基材提供,因此基材较好是也用作支承层。
基材或支承层可以是任何可用的层,宜也是透湿气性的,透湿气率较好是至少100克/米2·24小时,更好是至少300克/米2·24小时,最好是至少500克/米2·24小时。
本文所用的作为支承层的合适基材包括二维、平面的微孔膜和大孔膜;宏观扩张多孔膜;成形的开孔膜;非织造层和织造层。按照本发明,所述层中的开孔可以是任何构形,但较好是球形或椭圆形(oblong),也可以具有不同的尺寸。开孔较好是均匀分布在层的整个表面上,然而也可以想到只有一些表面区域具有开孔的层。
后片(backsheet)的合适的二维多孔平面层可以由本领域已知的任何材料制得,但较好是由通常可得的聚合物材料制得。合适的材料例如是GoretexTM或SympatexTM型号的材料,在本领域中熟知这些材料是用于称为透气服装的。其它合适的材料包括Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company,St.Paul,Minnesota,USA的XMP-1001和Exxon Chemical Company提供的ExxaireXBF-101W。此处所用的术语“二维平面层”是指深度小于1毫米,较好是小于0.5毫米的层,其中的开孔在沿层的长度方向具有平均均匀直径,并且不突出层面。用作本发明后片的多孔材料可以用本领域已知的任何方法制备,如EPO 293 482中描述的方法,该文献在本发明中引作参考。此外,由该方法制得的开孔尺寸可通过在后片层面施加力(即拉伸该层)而增大。
合适的多孔成形膜包括具有离散开孔的膜,这些开孔伸出层的服装面料表面的水平面,伸向芯层,由此形成凸起。这些凸起在其末端有一个小孔。所述凸起较好是具有漏斗形状,类似于US 3,929,135中所述。位于平面内的开孔和位于凸起本身末端处的小孔可以是圆形或非圆形的,只要位于凸起末端处小孔的截面尺寸或面积小于位于层的服装面料表面内的开孔的截面尺寸或面积。所述多孔的预成形膜较好是单向的,以使得这些膜如果不是完全单向地,也至少是基本上单向地朝芯层输送流体。
用于本发明的合适的宏观的发泡膜包括例如US4,637,819和US4,591,523中所述的膜。
本发明所用的较佳支承层包括织造层和非织造层,最好是疏水型纤维层,如疏水性非织造纤维层。
本发明的较佳实施方案的复合材料特别好在它们可将热塑性组合物以所需厚度的层形式涂覆在支承基材上。本领域中已知的用于直接涂覆低粘度热熔体的通常涂覆条件和设备即可用来提供所需厚度的热塑性组合物。
将热塑性组合物涂覆在用作支承层的基材上而形成复合层合材料的可行方法描述于PCT申请WO 96/25902中。
层式热塑性组合物至少在涂覆温度时对支承基材具有粘合性能,以形成较佳的复合材料,从而无需额外的粘合剂就能获得该热塑性组合物和基材之间的永久粘合。在一些情况下,还会要求热塑性组合物在任何温度均保持粘性,即它具有压敏粘合剂的典型特征。
本发明的热塑性组合物以及由它形成的透湿气、不透液体的层和复合材料可用于需要不透液体、透湿气性的多种用途。具体而言,本发明可有效地用于吸收制品内,所述吸收制品例如是尿片、卫生巾、内裤衬垫和失禁用产品;汗垫,如臂下、腕、头的汗垫,衣领衬垫、鞋垫、帽圈和胸垫;保护性床罩、防护服等。由本发明热塑性组合物形成的透湿气、不透液体的层和复合材料的透湿气率较好是至少100克/米2·24小时,更好是至少300克/米2·24小时,最好是至少500克/米2·24小时。
由本发明的热塑性组合物涂覆在合适的基材上形成的透湿气、不透液体的复合结构可用作吸收制品(尤其是卫生巾和内裤衬垫)的后片。这些制品通常包含熟练技术人员已知的组件,如可透过液体的上片、吸收芯和后片,以及可任选地包含紧固件、护翼等。
本发明的较佳亲水增塑剂也可以加入本身并不具有透湿气性的热塑性聚合物中,以使最终的热塑性组合物具有透湿气性。所述热塑性聚合物例如是聚烯烃(如聚乙烯或聚丙烯)或者苯乙烯嵌段共聚物,它们都基本上是不透湿气和液体的。
按照本发明,用Rheometrics Co.的Rheometer RDA-Ⅱ测得复数粘度η*。按照ASTM E-96“直立杯(Upright Cup)”方法于23℃以水蒸气透过率(WVTR)测得透湿气率。

Claims (10)

1.一种热塑性组合物,它包含:
热塑性聚合物或者聚合物的混合物,选自聚氨酯、聚醚-酰胺嵌段共聚物、聚乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、聚环氧乙烷及其共聚物、聚交酯及其共聚物、聚酰胺、聚酯嵌段共聚物、磺化聚酯、聚醚-酯嵌段共聚物、聚醚-酯-酰胺嵌段共聚物、聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸及其衍生物、离聚物、乙酸乙烯酯含量超过28%(重量)的聚乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇及其共聚物、聚乙烯醚及其共聚物、聚2-乙基噁唑啉及其衍生物、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮及其共聚物、热塑性纤维素衍生物,或者它们的混合物,
合适的相容性亲水增塑剂或者亲水增塑剂的共混物,
所述热塑性组合物在温度为210℃或更低、频率为1弧度/秒时的粘度为50-4000泊,在温度为210℃或更低、频率为1000弧度/秒时的粘度低于2000泊,
所述相容性亲水增塑剂选自酸、酯、酰胺、醇、多元醇,或者它们的混合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的热塑性组合物,其特征在于所述组合物包含:
所述热塑性组合物的10-80%(重量),较好是25-70%(重量)的所述聚合物或者聚合物的混合物,
所述热塑性组合物的20-90%(重量),较好是30-75%(重量)的所述增塑剂或者增塑剂的共混物,
0-50%(重量)的合适的相容性增粘性树脂。
3.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的热塑性组合物,其特征在于所述热塑性聚合物或者聚合物混合物包含热塑性聚醚-酰胺嵌段共聚物、热塑性聚醚-酯-酰胺嵌段共聚物、热塑性聚酯嵌段共聚物、热塑性聚氨酯,或者它们的混合物。
4.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的热塑性组合物,其特征在于所述亲水增塑剂选自柠檬酸酯、酒石酸酯、甘油及其酯、山梨糖醇、甘醇酸酯,以及它们的混合物。
5.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的热塑性组合物,其特征在于所述增粘性树脂选自松香和松香酯、烃类树脂、脂族树脂、萜烯和萜烯-酚醛树脂、芳族树脂、合成C5树脂、合成C5-C9树脂的混合物,以及它们的混合物。
6.由权利要求1的热塑性组合物形成的透湿气性层,其特征在于所述层是不透液体的,所述层的厚度至少为0.5微米时其水蒸气透过率(WVTR)至少为300克/米2·24小时。
7.一种透湿气、不透液体的复合材料,它包含权利要求6的层涂覆在一种透湿气性的基材上。
8.一种包含权利要求6或7的透湿气、不透液体的层或复合材料的吸收制品。
9.一种制备权利要求1的热塑性组合物的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
·提供所述热塑性聚合物或者聚合物的混合物,
·提供所述合适的相容性亲水增塑剂或者亲水增塑剂的共混物,
·加热所述热塑性聚合物或者聚合物混合物以及所述增塑剂或者增塑剂
共混物,并将其混合以形成熔融状态的所述热塑性组合物。
10.由权利要求1的热塑性组合物制备层的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
·提供所述热塑性组合物,
·加热所述热塑性组合物使之可流动,
·将所述热塑性组合物以所需厚度的膜形式涂覆在基材上。
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