CN1290760C - 从焦炉气中分离硫化氢并随后在克劳斯装置中回收元素硫的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及从焦炉气中分离硫化氢并随后在克劳斯装置中回收元素硫的方法。硫化氢通过使用吸收液体的气体洗涤而从焦炉气中去除。在负载的吸收液体的再生期间,硫化氢以浓缩的形式产生,并将其导向克劳斯装置。该克劳斯装置包含有一个克劳斯锅炉、一个废热锅炉以及一个形成附加的催化剂阶段的反应炉。根据本发明,克劳斯装置只以在低于250℃的工作温度下工作的单个反应炉进行运作。在元素硫析出之后,将离开反应炉的工艺气体与未反应的剩余硫化氢一起返回气体洗涤之前的待净化的焦炉气中。
Description
本发明涉及从焦炉气中分离硫化氢并随后在克劳斯装置中回收元素硫的方法,在该方法中通过使用吸收液体的气体洗涤而从焦炉气中去除硫化氢,再生负载的吸收液体,和将在此以浓缩的形式产生的硫化氢导向克劳斯装置,
其中,将硫化氢在克劳斯装置的克劳斯锅炉中与空气氧反应以形成元素硫,
其中,将离开克劳斯锅炉的工艺气体在废热锅炉中冷却至对于硫的冷凝所需的温度,在硫析出之后将工艺气体加热,并将其导向克劳斯装置的反应炉,在该反应炉中将硫化合物在催化剂上反应而形成元素硫,和
其中,将离开反应炉的工艺气体冷却至对于硫的冷凝所需的温度,以及析出冷凝的硫。
焦炉气含有硫化氢,硫化氢必须在使用之前在气体洗涤中除去。在再生用于气体洗涤的负载的吸收液体过程中,硫化氢以浓缩形式产生,这些硫化氢在下游的克劳斯装置中转变成元素硫。克劳斯装置的主要部分是带有燃烧室的锅炉,在其中于高于80O℃的高温用空气氧将硫化氢转变成元素硫。该方法的基本反应为
该反应是强烈放热的,因此非常依赖于温度。根据反应平衡,大约70%的硫化氢作为元素硫而产生,这些元素硫通过在下游的废热锅炉中的工艺气体的冷却而冷凝析出。在随后也称为催化剂阶段的反应炉中,剩余的硫化氢和二氧化硫根据反应方程式
在催化剂上反应成硫。克劳斯反应器在低于350℃的温度下运作。在已知方法的范围内,克劳斯装置总是通过至少两个串联并在不同温度水平运作的克劳斯反应器来运行,以便获得高的硫收率。在串联的克劳斯反应器之间设有中间冷却单元以析出冷凝的元素硫。具有所述构造和针对规定目的的克劳斯装置描述于Ullmanns Encyklopdie dertechnischen Chemie,21卷,8-13页。
由一个克劳斯锅炉和两个后接并具有中间冷却单元的催化剂阶段所构成的克劳斯装置在装置方面是昂贵的。本发明的任务是通过改变方法来减少装置方面的花费。
从开头描述的方法开始,可以如此完成本发明的任务,即克劳斯装置只用一个唯一的反应炉运作,并将反应炉中的工作温度调整至低于250℃,以及在冷凝的硫析出之后,将离开反应炉的工艺气体与在反应炉中未反应的剩余硫化氢一起返回气体洗涤之前的待净化的焦炉气中。反应炉优选地在200℃-230℃的温度范围内运作。
根据本发明,克劳斯装置只由一个克劳斯锅炉和一个唯一的后接的催化剂阶段构成,其与现有技术相比可在更低的温度下运作。在此要接受的事实是,相对于输入克劳斯装置的硫化氢数量的反应的H2S比例比采用具有两个或更多个催化剂阶段的克劳斯装置的现有技术更小。根据本发明,在考虑整个工艺时可看出,如果将废气返回待净化的焦炉气中并且与该焦炉气一起进行气体洗涤,那么克劳斯装置的废气中的较高硫含量是可以接受的。如此设计气体洗涤,从而焦炉气中因根据本发明的返回而较高的硫化氢含量不会影响经净化的气体中的硫化氢含量。就这方面来说,气体洗涤使克劳斯装置的第二或第三个催化剂阶段成为多余。通过本发明的方法,克劳斯装置可以在装置技术上非常容易地施行。克劳斯装置的调节技术方面也明显地变得简单。
在所述实施方案中可以使用卧式的、内壁铺有耐火材料的锅炉用作克劳斯锅炉,其具有燃烧室和水平连接的、在两侧以透气栅格砖为界的并含有催化剂床的催化剂室。更具体地,该废热锅炉具有由热交换管组成的第一管束,在其中流过从克劳斯锅炉中流出的工艺气体。在这种情形下,所述废热锅炉具有由热交换管组成的第二管束,在其中流过从反应炉中流出的工艺气体。所述管束被布置在共同的蒸汽发生室中,在其中产生低压蒸汽。适宜地,从离开克劳斯锅炉的热工艺气体中分出一分流,并将其与导向反应炉的工艺流混合以用于加热。以下,本发明借助一个仅仅是作为实施例展现的附图加以说明,其示范性地图示:
图1图示了本发明方法的非常简化的框图,
图2图示了在本发明方法的范围内使用的克劳斯装置。
根据在图1中以框图形式描绘的方法,硫化氢从焦炉气COG中分离出来,并在下游的克劳斯装置中转变成元素硫S。硫化氢通过使用吸收液体的气体洗涤1而从焦炉气中去除。负载的吸收液体2在阶段3中再生。在此,硫化氢以蒸汽状的浓缩形式产生,将其导向克劳斯装置4。在克劳斯装置4中,硫化氢转变成元素硫S,然后将元素硫S以液体的形式排出。此外还产生了工艺气体5,该气体含有未反应的剩余硫化氢,并被返回气体洗涤1之前的待净化的焦炉气COG中。
克劳斯装置4的构造描绘于图2中。这种装置的基本构造包括克劳斯锅炉6、废热锅炉7以及具有催化剂床9的反应炉8。将含有硫化氢的进料流10与空气11和燃气12一起输入克劳斯锅炉6的燃烧室13中,并在大约1200℃的温度下以放热反应进行反应,从而形成元素硫。将离开克劳斯锅炉6的工艺气体在废热锅炉7中冷却至对于硫的冷凝所需的小于170℃的温度。元素硫S被冷凝并析出。在硫析出之后,将工艺气体14在混合从克劳斯锅炉6中取出的一分流15的情况下进行加热,并导向克劳斯装置的反应炉8。在反应炉8中,硫化氢和二氧化硫在催化剂16上反应成元素硫。反应炉8以低于250℃的工作温度运作,优选地在200℃-230℃的温度范围内运作。
从图2中可得知,克劳斯装置4只以单个反应炉8运行。将离开反应炉8的工艺气体冷却至对于硫的冷凝所需的温度。在冷凝的硫析出之后,将仍然含有剩余的硫化氢的工艺气体5返回气体洗涤1之前的待净化的焦炉气COG中。根据本发明方法的一个优选的实施方案,克劳斯装置4如此运行,从而80-85%的硫化氢转化成元素硫,并作为冷凝物而排出。
卧式的、内壁铺有耐火材料的锅炉用作克劳斯锅炉6,其具有燃烧室13和水平连接的、在两侧以透气性栅格砖17为界的并含有催化剂床9的催化剂室。
在废热锅炉7中,不仅将从克劳斯锅炉6中流出的温度为大约1200℃的热气流,而且将温度小于250℃的从反应炉8中流出的工艺气流冷却至低于元素硫的冷凝温度的温度。在此产生低压蒸汽18。废热锅炉7具有由热交换管组成的第一管束19,在其中流过从克劳斯锅炉6中流出的工艺气体。废热锅炉7此外具有由热交换管组成的第二管束20,在其中流过从反应炉8中流出的工艺气体。管束19、20布置在共同的蒸汽发生室中。元素硫已经在废热锅炉7中冷凝,并从废热锅炉7以及后接的分离器21中以液体的形式排出。
为了加热导向反应炉8的工艺气体14,从克劳斯锅炉中分出一分流15。支管连接在克劳斯锅炉6的内壁铺有耐火材料的流出侧的室22的外周,并通入与锅炉相邻的工艺气体管道中。在支管的出口区域内可调节地布置一个阀体,由此可以调节从支管流出的热气流的流量。阀体和分配给阀体的调节装置用通过工艺气体管道输送的工艺气体14进行冷却,因此通常的金属材料可以用于阀体。
Claims (5)
1.从焦炉气中分离硫化氢并随后在具有克劳斯锅炉以及后接的反应炉的克劳斯装置中回收元素硫的方法,在该方法中通过使用吸收液体的气体洗涤而从焦炉气中去除硫化氢,再生负载的吸收液体,和将在此以浓缩的形式产生的硫化氢导向克劳斯装置,
其中,将硫化氢在克劳斯装置的克劳斯锅炉中与空气氧反应以形成元素硫,
其中,将离开克劳斯锅炉的工艺气体在废热锅炉中冷却至对于硫的冷凝所需的温度,在硫析出之后将工艺气体加热,并将其导向克劳斯装置的反应炉,在该反应炉中将硫化合物在催化剂上反应而形成元素硫,和
其中,将离开反应炉的工艺气体冷却至对于硫的冷凝所需的温度,以及析出冷凝的硫,
其特征在于,克劳斯装置只以一个唯一的反应炉运作,并将反应炉中的工作温度调整到200℃至低于250℃,以及在冷凝的硫析出之后,将离开反应炉的工艺气体与在反应炉中未反应的剩余硫化氢一起返回气体洗涤之前的待净化的焦炉气中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,反应炉在200℃-230℃的温度范围内运作。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,卧式的、内壁铺有耐火材料的锅炉用作克劳斯锅炉,其具有一个燃烧室和一个水平连接的、在两侧以透气性栅格砖为界的并含有催化剂床的催化剂室。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,废热锅炉具有由热交换管组成的第一管束,在其中流过从克劳斯锅炉中流出的工艺气体,和废热锅炉具有由热交换管组成的第二管束,在其中流过从反应炉中流出的工艺气体,以及将这些管束布置在共同的蒸汽发生室中,在该蒸汽发生室中产生低压蒸汽。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,从离开克劳斯锅炉的热工艺气体中分出一分流,并将其与导向反应炉的工艺流混合以用于加热。
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CN102320577A (zh) * | 2011-06-22 | 2012-01-18 | 西南石油大学 | 一种加氢直接氧化硫磺回收工艺 |
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CN106629624A (zh) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-05-10 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | 运用复合式克劳斯炉制备硫磺的生产工艺 |
CN106348253A (zh) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-01-25 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | 运用克劳斯炉制备硫磺的生产工艺 |
CN106890545A (zh) * | 2017-04-05 | 2017-06-27 | 安徽宣城金宏化工有限公司 | 一种二硫化碳生产尾气中硫化氢的分离工艺和设备 |
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-
2002
- 2002-07-25 DE DE10233819A patent/DE10233819A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2003
- 2003-05-10 MX MXPA05001018A patent/MXPA05001018A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2003-05-10 CN CNB038177730A patent/CN1290760C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-10 PT PT03732341T patent/PT1527013E/pt unknown
- 2003-05-10 DE DE50308549T patent/DE50308549D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-10 ES ES03732341T patent/ES2295589T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-10 EP EP03732341A patent/EP1527013B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-10 CA CA2493286A patent/CA2493286C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-05-10 PL PL373405A patent/PL202981B1/pl unknown
- 2003-05-10 US US10/521,984 patent/US8012441B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-05-10 KR KR1020057001244A patent/KR100975456B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2003-05-10 AU AU2003239862A patent/AU2003239862A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-05-10 BR BRPI0312931-4A patent/BR0312931B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-05-10 JP JP2004526661A patent/JP4452617B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-10 WO PCT/EP2003/004899 patent/WO2004014792A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2003-05-10 AT AT03732341T patent/ATE377574T1/de active
- 2003-06-11 TW TW092115850A patent/TWI275413B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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ATE377574T1 (de) | 2007-11-15 |
ZA200501599B (en) | 2006-05-31 |
TW200403097A (en) | 2004-03-01 |
CA2493286A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
PL202981B1 (pl) | 2009-08-31 |
TWI275413B (en) | 2007-03-11 |
CN1671619A (zh) | 2005-09-21 |
EP1527013B1 (de) | 2007-11-07 |
CA2493286C (en) | 2011-05-03 |
KR20050042469A (ko) | 2005-05-09 |
JP2006504604A (ja) | 2006-02-09 |
AU2003239862A1 (en) | 2004-02-25 |
ES2295589T3 (es) | 2008-04-16 |
JP4452617B2 (ja) | 2010-04-21 |
US8012441B2 (en) | 2011-09-06 |
BR0312931B1 (pt) | 2011-07-12 |
US20060099124A1 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
PL373405A1 (en) | 2005-08-22 |
PT1527013E (pt) | 2008-02-15 |
DE50308549D1 (de) | 2007-12-20 |
MXPA05001018A (es) | 2005-06-08 |
BR0312931A (pt) | 2005-07-05 |
EP1527013A1 (de) | 2005-05-04 |
WO2004014792A1 (de) | 2004-02-19 |
DE10233819A1 (de) | 2004-02-12 |
KR100975456B1 (ko) | 2010-08-11 |
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