CN1289686C - 脱乙酰壳多糖和壳多糖的生产 - Google Patents
脱乙酰壳多糖和壳多糖的生产 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及通过培养Rhizopus azygosporus真菌或Actinomucortaiwanensis真菌并从培养物中分离脱乙酰壳多糖或壳多糖以生产壳多糖或脱乙酰壳多糖的方法。
Description
壳多糖是β-(1,4)-D-葡糖胺的高度不溶性的N-乙酰化聚合物。脱乙酰壳多糖是壳多糖的酸溶性脱乙酰化形式。壳多糖、脱乙酰壳多糖及其衍生物具有多种工业用途,包括生产粘度控制剂、粘合剂、层析载体、增加纸张强度的试剂、絮凝剂、食品添加剂、药物和化妆品。
通过使蟹或虾壳去蛋白质化和去钙化可制备壳多糖。用热碱溶液使壳多糖脱乙酰化可得到脱乙酰壳多糖。这种生产脱乙酰壳多糖的方法具有很多不利的特点,例如,该方法需要昂贵的热能和对健康有潜在危害的苛性碱。该方法还产生大量废料,因此必需大笔处理费用。另外,虾或蟹壳的供应在很大程度上取决于季节和环境因素,对生产能力造成无法预料的限制。
本发明基于以下发现:真菌Actinomucor taiwanensis和真菌Rhizopus azygosporus可产生异常高产量的脱乙酰壳多糖和壳多糖。
因此,本发明包括生产脱乙酰壳多糖或壳多糖的方法,所述方法的特征在于(1)在培养基中培养Rhizopus azygosporus真菌或Actinomucor taiwanensis真菌以形成培养物,和(2)从细胞中分离脱乙酰壳多糖或壳多糖。例如,通过将真菌细胞与培养物分开并将脱乙酰壳多糖或壳多糖从分离出的细胞分离出来即可从培养物中分离得到脱乙酰壳多糖和壳多糖。
本发明还包括生产脱乙酰壳多糖或壳多糖的方法,所述方法包括(1)在对本发明方法有用的培养基中培养毛霉科真菌以形成培养物,和(2)从所得真菌培养物中分离出脱乙酰壳多糖或壳多糖。
对本发明方法有用的培养基可包括约5至60g/L(如约30g/L)的玉米浸出汁,约10至100g/L(如约50g/L)的葡萄糖,约0.01至30g/L(如约2.5g/L)的硫酸铵或其它适当组分。
本发明的方法能由含有Rhizopus azygosporus或Actinomucortaiwanensis真菌的培养物异常高产量地生产脱乙酰壳多糖或壳多糖。另外,我们发现含有玉米浸出汁、葡萄糖、酵母浸膏和硫酸铵的培养基能使真菌培养物的壳多糖和脱乙酰壳多糖产出量增加。因此,本发明的方法提供了另一种生产壳多糖和脱乙酰壳多糖的方法,而无需依赖对环境有害的化学物质或甲壳类动物易变的产量。
从下列详细描述和权利要求书中显而易见本发明的其它特征或优点。
本发明涉及由属于毛霉科的真菌培养物大量生产脱乙酰壳多糖或壳多糖。
可用于本发明方法的具体真菌包括Rhizopus azygosporus或Actinomucor taiwanensis。可从台湾食品工业和研究开发研究所(中国台湾新竹300Shih-Ping路331号)的培养物保藏和研究中心(CCRC)请求得到这两种微生物,R.azygosporus的保藏目录号为CCRC31158,A.taiwanensis的保藏目录号为CCRC31159。
培养真菌的方法是本领域众所周知的。例如,可用真菌接种YM琼脂,于25℃至37℃将经接种的琼脂保温3至6天。将得自真菌的孢子悬浮于液体中以得到104至107cfu/ml的原种。用该原种直接接种发酵培养基。
发酵培养基的初始pH为3至8,其可含有10至100g/L碳源(如葡萄糖、蔗糖、玉米淀粉、糖蜜或豆油)、5至60g/L氮源(如豆粉、蛋白胨或玉米浸出汁)、0.5至20g/L酵母浸膏、0.01至30g/L(NH4)2SO4、0至3g/L K2HPO4、0至3g/L NaCl、0至15g/L MgSO4·7H2O和/或0至0.3g/L CaCl2。将真菌在发酵培养基中再培养2至4天。
可使用标准方法从真菌菌丝体中分离和纯化脱乙酰壳多糖。例如,可按McGahren等人,生物化学方法,19:88-90,1984中所述,使用碱和酸处理以分离脱乙酰壳多糖。分离脱乙酰壳多糖的其它细节和步骤可参见欧洲申请0531991A2;Yokoi等人,发酵与生物工程杂志,85:246-249,1998;美国专利5,232,842;Rane等人,食品生物技术,7:11-33,1993;和Hang,生物技术通讯,12:911-912,1990。
一般,从发酵肉汤中分离出细胞块并用蒸馏水洗涤。然后用0.5至2N NaOH处理细胞,将该碱性混合物于121℃保温15分钟。离心沉淀固体物并用蒸馏水和乙醇洗涤。用2%醋酸溶液处理经洗涤过的沉淀物,并于95℃保温12小时。离心分离所得悬浮液,产生酸溶性上清液(含有脱乙酰壳多糖)和酸不溶性沉淀物(含有壳多糖)。
用2N NaOH将上清液的pH调节至10,从而沉淀出脱乙酰壳多糖。最后用蒸馏水洗涤脱乙酰壳多糖并冻干。酸不溶性的沉淀物也用蒸馏水洗涤并冻干。该酸不溶性和碱不溶性组分是纯化的壳多糖。
无需进一步详述,本领域技术人员可基于上述内容和下文的描述最大程度地利用本发明。下列实施例仅用于阐明本领域技术人员如何实施本发明,而不以任何方式限制其所公开的内容。说明书中提及的任何出版物都列入本文作为参考。
下列实施例的结果简述于实施例后出现的表1。
实施例1
将Rhizopus azygosporus 4天斜面培养物的孢子悬浮液直接接种于含有100ml新鲜发酵培养基的250ml摇瓶中。于28℃,以200rpm振荡发酵48小时。每升培养基含有10g氮源(豆粉、蛋白胨或玉米浸出汁)、20g碳源(葡萄糖或玉米淀粉)、1g酵母浸膏、5g(NH4)2SO4、1gK2HPO4、1g NaCl、5g MgSO4·7H2O和0.1g CaCl2。
从发酵肉汤中回收细胞块,于121℃用1N NaOH处理细胞15分钟,将碱不溶性物质悬浮于2%醋酸中,于95℃将所得混合物保温12小时以溶解脱乙酰壳多糖。通过将酸溶性上清液的pH调节至10以沉淀出脱乙酰壳多糖。然后洗涤,干燥和称重脱乙酰壳多糖。对酸不溶性物质壳多糖也进行洗涤,干燥和称重。以每升培养物中壳多糖或脱乙酰壳多糖的克数计算产量,结果示于表1。使用含有玉米淀粉和蛋白胨的培养基得到了最高产量的壳多糖和脱乙酰壳多糖。
实施例2
将Actinomucor taiwanensis 4天斜面培养物的孢子悬浮液直接接种于含有100ml发酵培养基的250ml摇瓶中。按实施例1所述进行发酵和脱乙酰壳多糖和壳多糖的分离,结果示于表1。使用含有玉米浸出汁和葡萄糖的培养基得到了最高产量的壳多糖和脱乙酰壳多糖。
实施例3
按实施例1所述培养和处理R.azygosporus,所不同的是所有培养基含有蛋白胨作为氮源,碳源在葡萄糖、玉米淀粉、蔗糖、糖蜜和豆油中变动。玉米淀粉的加入使脱乙酰壳多糖和壳多糖达到0.9g/L的高产量,而豆油的加入使本实施例中壳多糖的最高产量为1.5g/L(表1)。
实施例4
按实施例2所述培养和处理A.taiwanensis,所不同的是所有培养基含有玉米浸出汁作为氮源,碳源在葡萄糖、玉米淀粉、蔗糖、糖蜜和豆油中变动。作为碳源的葡萄糖的加入使本实施例中壳多糖和脱乙酰壳多糖达到最高产量(表1)。
实施例5
按实施例1所述培养和处理R.azygosporus,所不同的是每升培养基含有30g玉米浸出汁,50g葡萄糖,2g酵母浸膏,2.5g(NH4)2SO4和0.05g CaCl2。此培养物的脱乙酰壳多糖产量高达1.1g/L(表1)。
实施例6
按实施例2所述培养和处理A.taiwanensis,所不同的是每升培养基含有30g玉米浸出汁,50g葡萄糖,2g酵母浸膏,2.5g(NH4)2SO4和0.05g CaCl2。此培养物的脱乙酰壳多糖(1.7g/L)和壳多糖(1.1g/L)的联合产量最高(表1)。
实施例7
按实施例6所述培养和处理A.taiwanensis,所不同的是每升培养基含有0.5g K2HPO4以取代CaCl2。此培养物的脱乙酰壳多糖产量高达1.4g/L。
表1中所用缩写如下:“R.a.”表示Rhizopus azygosporus;“A.t.”表示Actinomucor taiwanensis,“S.M.”表示豆粉;“C.S.L.”表示玉米浸出汁;“C.S.”表示玉米淀粉;“S.O.”表示豆油。表1中描述的所有培养物都含有酵母浸膏。
上述实施例1至7的结果表明(1)A.taiwanensis和R.azygosporus是壳多糖和脱乙酰壳多糖的超级生产者,(2)含有玉米浸出汁、葡萄糖和硫酸铵的培养基可增加由真菌产生的壳多糖和脱乙酰壳多糖的产量。
应理解尽管结合详细描述描述了本发明,但上述描述仅想阐明而不是限制由所附权利要求书的范围所限定的本发明范围。其它方面、优点和改动也包括在本发明的范围之内。
表1
实施例/菌株 | 氮源 | 碳源 | 盐 | 产量(g/L) | |||||||||||
S.M. | 蛋白胨 | C.S.L. | 葡萄糖 | C.S. | 蔗糖 | 糖蜜 | S.O. | (NH4)2SO4 | K2HPO4 | NaCl | MgSO4 | CaCl2 | 脱乙酰壳多糖 | 壳多糖 | |
1/R.a | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 0.3 | 0.9 | ||||||
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 0.7 | 0.6 | |||||||
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 0.5 | 0.7 | |||||||
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 0.2 | 0.7 | |||||||
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 0.9 | 0.9 | |||||||
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 0.4 | 0.8 | |||||||
2/A.t. | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 0.5 | 0.4 | ||||||
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 0.7 | 0.6 | |||||||
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 0.9 | 0.9 | |||||||
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 0.5 | 0.8 | |||||||
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 0.6 | 1.0 | |||||||
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 0.6 | 0.6 | |||||||
3/R.a. | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 0.7 | 0.6 | ||||||
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 0.9 | 0.9 | |||||||
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 0.4 | 0.7 | |||||||
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 0.8 | 0.6 | |||||||
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 0.5 | 1.5 | |||||||
4/A.t. | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 0.9 | 0.9 | ||||||
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 0.6 | 0.6 | |||||||
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 0.6 | 0.4 | |||||||
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 0.3 | 0.3 | |||||||
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 0.2 | 0.7 | |||||||
5/R.a. | X | X | X | X | 1.1 | 0.6 | |||||||||
6/A.t. | X | X | X | X | 1.7 | 1.1 | |||||||||
7/A.t. | X | X | X | X | 1.4 | 0.7 |
Claims (8)
1.生产脱乙酰壳多糖或壳多糖的方法,所述方法包括在培养基中培养Rhizopus azygosporus真菌以形成培养物,并从培养物中分离脱乙酰壳多糖或壳多糖。
2.权利要求1的方法,进一步包括从培养物中分离真菌细胞,其中从所述分离出的真菌细胞中分离脱乙酰壳多糖或壳多糖。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中所述培养基含有5至60g/L的玉米浸出汁。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中所述培养基含有30g/L的玉米浸出汁。
5.权利要求3的方法,其中所述培养基还含有10至100g/L的葡萄糖和0.01至30g/L的硫酸铵。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中所述培养基含有30g/L的玉米浸出汁,50g/L的葡萄糖和2.5g/L的硫酸铵。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中所述培养基含有5至60g/L的玉米浸出汁,10至100g/L的葡萄糖和0.01至30g/L的硫酸铵。
8.权利要求7的方法,其中所述培养基含有30g/L的玉米浸出汁,50g/L的葡萄糖和2.5g/L的硫酸铵。
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US6485946B1 (en) * | 1999-07-08 | 2002-11-26 | Food Industry Research And Development Institute | Production of chitosan and chitin |
DE19960632A1 (de) * | 1999-12-16 | 2001-07-05 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh | Kosmetische Mittel enthaltend natürliche Chitosane |
TW583190B (en) * | 2001-04-04 | 2004-04-11 | Dainichiseika Color Chem | Purified chitins and production process thereof |
BE1014638A6 (fr) * | 2002-02-12 | 2004-02-03 | Univ Liege | Methode de preparation de derives de la paroi cellulaire a partir de biomasse. |
WO2004033502A1 (ja) * | 2002-10-08 | 2004-04-22 | Ricom Corporation | キトサン含有多糖、その製造方法及び用途 |
US6890913B2 (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2005-05-10 | Food Industry Research And Development Institute | Chitosans |
CN1328291C (zh) * | 2003-03-31 | 2007-07-25 | 食品工业发展研究所 | 新的脱乙酰壳多糖 |
ITMI20061373A1 (it) * | 2006-07-14 | 2008-01-15 | Sirc S P A Natural & Dietetic Foods | Chitine e chitosani in forma attivata e loro proprieta' dimagranti ipoglicemizzanti e ipolipemizzanti |
US8343741B2 (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2013-01-01 | Washington State University Research Foundation | Pelletization process to control filamentous fungi morphology for enhanced reactor rheology bioproduct formation |
US8460897B1 (en) | 2009-12-17 | 2013-06-11 | Eclipse Bioproducts, LLC | Methods of culturing fungi and producing cellulases and chitin |
BR112012015501A8 (pt) * | 2009-12-23 | 2018-02-06 | Agrinos AS | Processo de biodegradação e composição |
PL2531607T3 (pl) * | 2010-02-01 | 2015-05-29 | Fpinnovations | Kleje z chitozanu modyfikowanego przez grzyby i kompozyty drzewne wykonane z klejów |
WO2011097566A1 (en) * | 2010-02-08 | 2011-08-11 | Renewable Process Technologies Llc | System and method for producing biomaterials |
EP2940045B1 (en) | 2014-04-28 | 2016-11-02 | Bioenol S.r.l. | Process for the production of soluble chitosane aggregates |
CN111620965A (zh) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-09-04 | 颜如玉医药科技有限公司 | 一种金针菇壳多糖的制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH05199892A (ja) | 1991-09-11 | 1993-08-10 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | キトサンの製造方法 |
JPH07505048A (ja) * | 1991-12-11 | 1995-06-08 | サステック(プロプライアトリー) リミテッド | γ−リノレン酸を含有するシングルセルオイルの製造方法 |
JP2560257B2 (ja) | 1994-06-27 | 1996-12-04 | 工業技術院長 | キトサンーキチン系中空繊維の製造方法 |
US5905035A (en) * | 1997-04-15 | 1999-05-18 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Fungus useful for chitin production |
JPH10316702A (ja) * | 1997-05-22 | 1998-12-02 | Rengo Co Ltd | 微生物由来のキトサンおよびその製造方法 |
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1999
- 1999-07-08 US US09/349,807 patent/US6255085B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-11-10 TW TW088119619A patent/TW530089B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 2000-02-10 DE DE60020777T patent/DE60020777T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-10 EP EP04017525A patent/EP1471149A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-02-10 EP EP00102209A patent/EP1067197B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-10 DE DE60039201T patent/DE60039201D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-07 CN CN03120031.1A patent/CN1289686C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-07 CN CNA2006100049371A patent/CN1900125A/zh active Pending
- 2000-07-07 CN CN00121059.9A patent/CN1128883C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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HK1066565A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 |
CN1282792A (zh) | 2001-02-07 |
TW530089B (en) | 2003-05-01 |
US6255085B1 (en) | 2001-07-03 |
DE60020777D1 (de) | 2005-07-21 |
EP1471148A3 (en) | 2004-11-03 |
EP1067197A2 (en) | 2001-01-10 |
EP1067197A3 (en) | 2001-05-02 |
DE60039201D1 (de) | 2008-07-24 |
EP1471148B1 (en) | 2008-06-11 |
EP1067197B1 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
CN1900125A (zh) | 2007-01-24 |
DE60020777T2 (de) | 2005-11-24 |
EP1471149A1 (en) | 2004-10-27 |
CN1515676A (zh) | 2004-07-28 |
US6399338B1 (en) | 2002-06-04 |
EP1471148A2 (en) | 2004-10-27 |
CN1128883C (zh) | 2003-11-26 |
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