CN1281467A - 结晶特立帕肽 - Google Patents
结晶特立帕肽 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1281467A CN1281467A CN98812144A CN98812144A CN1281467A CN 1281467 A CN1281467 A CN 1281467A CN 98812144 A CN98812144 A CN 98812144A CN 98812144 A CN98812144 A CN 98812144A CN 1281467 A CN1281467 A CN 1281467A
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- pth
- hormone
- solution
- concentration
- parathyroid hormone
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Abstract
本发明描述了甲状旁腺素特别是特立帕肽的纯的稳定的结晶形式,以及制备和纯化方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及甲状旁腺素的纯结晶形式。更具体地说,本发明涉及特立帕肽,PTH(1-34)的结晶形式以及该激素片段的制备和纯化方法。
发明背景
甲状旁腺激素(PTH)是一种哺乳动物甲状旁腺分泌的,84个氨基酸的产物,其通过对多种组织包括骨的作用控制血清钙水平。某些形式的PTH对人类的研究证明其具有对骨的合成代谢作用,在将其用于治疗骨质疏松症和相关骨疾病方面引起相当明显的关注。
以牛和人激素的N-末端34个氨基酸(所有公开报道均认为其生物学上等同于全长激素)为例,已经证实,当经皮下途径以脉动方式对人给药甲状旁腺激素时,甲状旁腺激素尤其促进骨生长。已经证明,与PTH略微不同的一种形式,人PTH(1-38)具有相似的结果。
PTH制剂由新鲜或冻干激素重构,并加入各种形式的载体、赋形剂和介质。大多数在水基介质如盐水、或通常用乙酸酸化的水中制备,用于稳定激素。大多数报道的制剂还加入白蛋白作为稳定剂(参见,例如,Reeve等,英国医学杂志(Br.Med.J.),1980,280:6228;Reeve等,柳叶刀,1976,1:1035;Reeve等,Calcif.Tissue Res.,1976,21:469;Hodsman等,Bone Miner,1990,9(2):137;Tsai等,临床内分泌代谢杂志(J.Clin.Endocrinol Metab.),1989,69(5):1024;Isaac等,激素代谢研究(Horm.Metab.Res.)1980,12(9):487;Law等,临床研究杂志(J.C1in Invest.)1983,72(3):1106;和Hulter,J.Clin Hypertens,1986,2(4):360)。其他报道的制剂中加入赋形剂,例如甘露醇,其存在于冻干激素中或者存在于重构介质中。应用于人类研究的代表性制剂包括:人PTH(1-34)(SEQ ID NO:2)制剂,其在重构之后,由甘露醇、热灭活的人血清白蛋白,和作为吸收增强子的己酸(蛋白酶抑制剂)组成。(参见,Reeve等,1976,Calcif.Tissue Res.,21,增刊,469-477);人PTH(1-38)制剂,在盐水介质中重构(参见,Hodsman等,1991,14(1),67-83);和牛PTH(1-34)制剂,其在由乙酸调节pH的水介质中,并含有白蛋白。还有一种人PTH(1-84)(SEQ ID NO:1)的国际参照制剂,其由100ng与250μg人血清白蛋白偶联的激素和1.25mg乳糖组成(1981),以及牛PTH(1-84),其由0.01M乙酸中的10μg冻干激素和0.1%w/v甘露醇组成(参见Martindale,附加药典(The Extra Pharmacoepia),药学出版社,伦敦,第29版,1989,1338页)。
甲状旁腺激素的商业开发需要研制一种在储藏稳定性和易于制备方面可接受的制剂。因为它是一种蛋白质,因此与传统小分子量药物相比非常不稳定,然而,甲状旁腺激素制剂面临着制药工业不常遇到的挑战。而且,象其它已经成功地配制的蛋白质一样,PTH对氧化、脱酰胺基和水解尤其敏感,需要其N-末端和C-末端序列保持完整,以便保留生物活性。
发明概述
本发明提供制备迄今为止没有报道过的甲状旁腺素(PTH)片段的结晶形式的制备方法。该激素的结晶形式的优点在于产物的纯度和贮存稳定性。因此,例如,PTH的结晶形式可以容易地溶解于用于非经肠给药的小瓶中的灭菌溶液中。作为结晶物质,如果期望,PTH还可以配制成其它组合物,例如片剂、胶囊剂或栓剂。
因此,本发明的第一方面是选自PTH(1-34),PTH(1-37),PTH(1-38)和PTH(1-41)的甲状旁腺素的新的结晶形式,特别是结晶人PTH(1-34)(SEQID NO:2),一般公知为特立帕肽,呈四方体片状晶体或立方体晶体形式,两者具有P422间隔基和下面的晶胞常数:a=b=91.071埃,c=37.665埃,α=β=γ=90°。
本发明第二方面是纯化甲状旁腺素的方法,包括步骤:
(a)以每毫升大约5-40mg的浓度提供所述激素的水溶液;
(b)将所述溶液与一贮存溶液混合,该贮存溶液含有浓度为约5至约50体积百分比的有机溶剂和一缓冲液,该缓冲溶液的浓度为将pH保持在约6.0和约12.0之间;和
(c)使得到的溶液在大约室温和大约4℃之间的温度下静置预定时间,直到片状结晶形成。
本发明的第三方面是纯化甲状旁腺素的方法,其中包括步骤:
(a)提供浓度为约5-40mg/ml的所述激素的水溶液;
(b)将所述溶液与一贮存溶液混合,该贮存溶液含有浓度为大约0.5M至2.5M的磷酸盐或甲酸盐沉淀剂和任选一含水缓冲溶液,该缓冲溶液的浓度为将pH保持在约4.0和6.0之间;和
(c)使得到的溶液在大约室温和大约4℃之间的温度下静置预定时间,直到立方体结晶形成。
本发明的第四方面是选自PTH(1-34),PTH(1-37),PTH(1-38)和PTH(1-41)的甲状旁腺素的新的结晶形式,特别是具有P622间隔基和下面的晶胞常数的六方晶形式的结晶人PTH(1-34)(SEQ ID NO:2):a=b=30.169埃,c=110.597埃,α=β=90°,γ=120°。
最后,作为第五方面,本发明提供纯化甲状旁腺素的方法,包括:
(a)以在大约10至大约30体积百分比的甘油中的大约5-40mg/ml的浓度提供选自PTH(1-34),PTH(1-37),PTH(1-38)和PTH(1-41)的甲状旁腺素的溶液;
(b)所述溶液与一贮存溶液混合,该贮存溶液含有浓度为大约5至大约50体积百分比的有机溶剂、浓度为大约0.5M至3.0M的硫酸铵和一缓冲液,该缓冲液的浓度为保持溶液的pH在大约3.0和大约7.0之间;和
(c)使得到的溶液在大约室温和大约4℃之间的温度下静置预定时间,直到六方晶形成。
附图的简要描述
图1是从实施例1生长的PTH(1-34)晶体的照片。
图2是从实施例4生长的PTH(1-34)晶体的照片。
发明详述
本发明涉及最稳定贮存形式的甲状旁腺素片段的纯结晶形式和在用于对人类患者给药的药物组合物中的直接应用。
结晶材料还可以加入作为活性成分的人PTH片段或其变体,或大鼠、猪或牛的PTH,按照Kimmel等(内分泌学,1993,32(4):1577)的报道经骨质疏松症卵巢切除大鼠模型证明该PHT具有人PTH的活性。
甲状旁腺激素片段最好加入至少头34个N-末端残基,例如PTH(1-34)(SEQ ID NO;2)、PTH(1-37)、PTH(1-38)和PTH(1-41)。PTH的变体形式的替代物加入改善PTH稳定性和半衰期的1-5个氨基酸取代基,例如在8和/或18位用亮氨酸或其它改善PTH抗氧化稳定性的疏水氨基酸取代蛋氨酸残基,和在25-27区用对胰蛋白酶不敏感的氨基酸(例如组氨酸或其它改善PTH抗蛋白酶稳定性的氨基酸)取代氨基酸。这些形式的PTH都包括在本文一般使用的术语“甲状旁腺激素”中。优选的激素是也公知为特立帕肽的人PTH(1-34)(SEQ ID NO:2)。该激素可以通过已知的重组或合成方法得到,例如美国专利4086196(引入本文作为参考)所述。
本发明所涉及的PTH结晶可以从含有缓冲液和任选地,有机溶剂或盐的贮存或沉淀溶液中制备或生长,将试剂的浓度和pH小心控制在规定的范围内。任何公知的基本结晶技术可以用于激素晶体的生长。例如,通过使用定位滴定(sitting drop),悬滴(hanging drop),引晶和/或批量结晶仪器,在室温和低至约4℃下,生长晶体。对于大规模制备,批量方法显然是优选的。
在悬滴方法中,将一小滴蛋白质溶液放置在盖玻片或玻璃板上,将其倒置在溶液孔上并密封。孔中的溶液含有沉淀剂,其也以较少量存在于蛋白质滴中。沉淀剂的功能是两方面的。首先,孔中的溶液最初处于比蛋白质滴低的蒸汽压下,使得蒸发以蒸汽压间的差别所限定的速度和蒸汽(通常是水)必须扩散的距离进行。第二,沉淀剂通过与蛋白质竞争可得的溶剂而降低了溶液中蛋白质的溶解度,因此由于从蛋白质滴蒸发,使得溶液变得蛋白质过饱和。在包括pH,蛋白质浓度和温度的合适的条件下发生蛋白质或大分子的结晶。
批量方法通常包括向蛋白质水溶液中缓慢加入沉淀剂直到溶液正好变得混浊,在此时密封容器并无干扰放置预定时间。
用上述任何方法使用碱性条件或者酸性条件都可以获得PTH结晶。
在碱性条件下,首先以纯化冻干的形式获得PTH片段。冻干的蛋白质以大约5mg/ml至大约40mg/ml的浓度,优选以大约5mg/ml至大约20mg/ml的浓度,溶解于水中。然后,该含水的蛋白质溶液与含有大约5至大约50体积百分比、优选大约10至大约20体积百分比的有机溶剂和保持pH范围大约为6.0-12.0的量的缓冲液的贮存溶液混合。水溶液与贮存溶液优选以1∶1的比例混合。
作为例子,但是不作为限制,所用的有机溶剂可以是甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、MPD、聚乙二醇、乙二醇、或者它们的混合物。可以便用任何缓冲液,优选任何生物缓冲液,例如三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷盐,例如马来酸盐或盐酸盐,或者甘氨酸缓冲液。根据所期望的pH,也可以使用碱金属盐。例如可以使用如柠檬酸钠这样的柠檬酸盐源作为弱碱性缓冲液。
碱性条件下的结晶作用提供片状结晶。特别地,例如,使用上述碱性条件在室温和4℃下在大约48小时内生长出特立帕肽片状结晶,其大约尺寸是0.1mm×0.1mm×0.05mm。
在酸性条件下,用相同的方法在大约5mg/ml至大约40mg/ml的浓度,优选大约5mg/ml至大约20mg/ml的浓度的水溶液中制备PTH片段。含有蛋白质的水溶液与含有盐和/或将pH保持在大约4.0和6.0之间的量的缓冲液的贮存溶液混合。蛋白质和缓冲溶液优选以1∶1比例混合。
贮存溶液含有沉淀剂盐,例如浓度为大约0.5M至大约2.5M的磷酸盐、甲酸盐。
贮存溶液中使用的缓冲液可以是pH范围为4.0-6.0的任何生物可接受的缓冲液。这样的缓冲液是例如以其各自碱金属盐例如钠和/或钾形式的各种磷酸盐,甲酸盐,乙酸盐,酒石酸盐等等,包括它们的混合物。当将磷酸盐或甲酸盐用作沉淀剂盐时,只有在需要是才可以加入另外的缓冲液。
酸性介质中的结晶作用提供立方体状晶体。因此,例如,使用上述酸性条件在室温和4℃下在大约48小时内生长出特立帕肽立方体状晶体,其大约大小是0.1mm×0.1mm×0.1mm。
本发明优选的实施方案是特立帕肽,人PTH(1-34)(SEQ ID NO:2)的结晶形式。通过上述方法制备的结晶特立帕肽通过X-射线结晶学表征为具有对称或P422间隔基和具有下面晶胞常数的下列细胞大小的四面体片状或立方体晶体的晶体体系:
a=b=91.071埃,
c=37.665埃,
α=β=γ=90°。
在另一个实施方案中,如上所述获得的PTH片段溶解于含有大约10至大约30体积百分比,优选大约20体积百分比甘油的其中蛋白质浓度是大约5mg/ml至大约40mg/ml,优选大约5mg/ml至大约20mg/ml的溶液中。然后,将甘油蛋白质溶液与一贮存溶液混合,该贮存溶液含有大约5至大约50体积百分比、优选大约5至20体积百分比的有机溶剂和将pH范围保持在大约3.0至大约7.0的量的缓冲液。蛋白质溶液和贮存溶液优选以1∶1比例混合。
有机溶剂是前面描述的那些。异丙醇是优选的。前面描述的缓冲液也可以根据3-7范围内所需的pH使用。优选的缓冲液是柠檬酸盐,例如柠檬酸钠。除上述溶剂和缓冲液外,贮存溶液含有大约0.5M-3.0M浓度的沉淀剂盐,例如硫酸铵。
甘油介质中的结晶作用提供六方晶状晶体。因此,例如,使用上述条件在室温和4℃下在大约12-24小时内生长了人PTH(1-34)(SEQ ID NO:2)的六方晶状晶体,其大约大小是0.2mm×0.2mm×0.6mm。该六方晶状晶体的X-射线结晶学显示具有对称或P622间隔基和具有下面晶胞常数的下面晶胞大小的晶体体系:
a=b=30.169 埃,
c=110.597埃,
α=β=90°,γ=120°。
PTH片段尤其是特立帕肽的结晶形式的好处是一旦获得,该结晶物质提供最纯和最稳定形式的活性治疗成分。因此,本发明结晶物质可以以比激素或其溶液的先前形式更长的贮存期限贮存。然后,可以将结晶物质直接用来制备对患者给药的药物组合物。因此,例如,结晶PTH可以和无菌溶液一起直接溶解装入小瓶或药筒中,用于非经肠给药。
PTH溶液含有医学有效量的PTH,医学有效量是参考治疗或医学诊断中所用的量而使用。加入本制剂中的甲状旁腺激素的特定量可以根据选择的PTH的类型和该制剂的预期最终应用预先确定。在一项应用中,本制剂用于治疗目的,特别是用于治疗骨质疏松症。骨质疏松症治疗需要经注射、理想的是经皮下注射给药重构制剂,以反映规定的治疗方案的单位剂量给药,但,例如,对于人PTH(1-34)(SEQ ID NO:2),为每位患者25-1000μgPTH/ml注射液,理想的注射体积为0.02-1.3mL。因此,理想的是,将结晶PTH与缓冲剂和赋形剂相结合,形成含浓度范围为25-1000μg/ml,优选100-500μg/ml PTH的水溶液。
在一个实施方案中,提供了重构到约1mL(0.8-1.2 mL)重构介质中时,形成100-500μg人PTH(1-34)(SEQ ID NO:2)的单位容器形式的制剂,因此小瓶中装有约1mL PTH水溶液制剂,用于随后的冷冻干燥。
得到含所需量和浓度的缓冲剂、赋形剂和PTH的水溶液后,将各小瓶中装入所述溶液至所需体积。本发明的优点在于上述溶液可以用无菌水制备,不需要进行冷冻干燥处理。
除了其治疗用途外,可以配制并给药本发明的PTH组合物以辅助医学诊断,特别是协助诊断低血钙患者的甲状旁腺机能减退和假甲状旁腺机能减退。除了PTH的剂量,PTH制剂的组成将保持与本文所述的用于治疗用途的相同。静脉输注的、等于200国际单位PTH活性的单剂量的人PTH(1-34)(SEQ ID NO:2)制剂适用于该诊断目的。然后通过确定给药的PTH的效果或尿cAMP水平来进行诊断,其中cAMP升高表明甲状旁腺功能减退病症,而不是其假形。
既然现在获得纯结晶形式的PTH片段,从而可以制备用于治疗或诊断给药的其它剂型,例如片剂、胶囊剂和栓剂等等。
下列实施例用于说明本发明,而不是用于对其进行限制。
实施例
实施例1
从事先纯化和冻干的材料制备重组人rhPTH(1-34)(SEQ ID NO:2)。该冻干的蛋白质以5mg/ml至20mg/ml的浓度溶解于水中。在硅包被的玻璃盖玻片上将蛋白质与贮存溶液(20%异丙醇,0.2M柠檬酸钠,0.1M三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷的HCl缓冲液,pH=8.0)以1∶1的比例混合。将载玻片倒置并密封在含有1毫升贮存溶液的孔上方。在48-96小时内出现四方体片状结晶,大小是0.1mm×0.1mm×0.05mm。质谱证实了该产物。图1给出了晶体生长的照片。
该四方体片状晶体的X-射线结晶学显示具有P422间隔基和下面的晶胞常数:a=b=91.071埃,c=37.665埃,α=β=γ=90°。
实施例2
按照实施例1重复相同的实验,并且与10%异丙醇,10%聚乙二醇,pH=8.5的0.1M甘氨酸缓冲液的贮存溶液混合。
实施例3
批量结晶:浓度为10mg/ml的rhPTH(SEQ ID NO:1)与50%异丙醇、100mM三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷,pH=7.5,0.2M柠檬酸钠的贮存溶液以1∶1的比例在试管中混合。在48-96小时内出现结晶,大小是0.1mm×0.1mm×0.05mm。
实施例4
以和实施例1相同的方式制备蛋白质,并且以1∶1的比例与贮存溶液(0.8M磷酸钾,0.8M磷酸钠,pH5.0)混合。室温下,在48小时内出现立方体结晶,大小是0.1nm×0.1mm×0.1mm。图2给出了晶体生长的照片。
该立方体晶体的X-射线结晶学显示具有P422间隔基和下面的晶胞常数:a=b=91.071埃,c=37.665埃,α=β=γ=90°。
实施例5
以和实施例1相同的方式制备蛋白质,并且以1∶1的比例与贮存溶液(0.8M甲酸钠,pH4.5的0.1M乙酸钠缓冲液)混合。出现如实施例4的相同晶体。
实施例6
从事先纯化和冻干的材料制备rhPTH(1-34)(SEQ ID NO:2)。该冻干的蛋白质以5mg/ml至20mg/ml的浓度溶解于20%的甘油中。蛋白质与贮存溶液(2.4M硫酸铵,5%异丙醇,0.2M柠檬酸钠缓冲液,pH=5.0)以1∶1的比例在硅包被的玻璃盖玻片上混合。将载玻片倒置并密封在含有1毫升贮存溶液的孔上方。在12-24小时内出现六方晶晶体,大小是0.2mm×0.2mm×0.6mm。
该六方晶晶体的X-射线结晶学显示具有P622间隔基和下面的晶胞常数:a=b=30.169埃,c=110.597埃,α=β=90°,γ=120°。
序列表>E1i Lilly和公司>结晶特立帕肽򘒵.16WO01>新申请򗶮-12-08ᡴ/069.875򗶭-12-18ɮ>PatentIn Ver.2.0ɭᢌ>PRT>人类ɭSer Val Ser Glu Ile Gln Leu Met His Asn Leu Gly Lys His Leu Asn1 5 10 15Ser Met Glu Arg Val Glu Trp Leu Arg Lys Lys Leu Gln Asp Val His20 25 30Asn Phe Val Ala Leu Gly Ala Pro Leu Ala Pro Arg Asp Ala Gly Ser35 40 45Gln Arg Pro Arg Lys Lys Glu Asp Asn Val Leu Val Glu Ser His Glu50 55 60Lys Ser Leu Gly Glu Ala Asp Lys Ala Asn Val Asp Val Leu Thr Lys65 70 75 80Ala Lys Scr Glnɮᡚ>PRT>人类ɮSer Val Ser Glu Ile Gln Leu Met His Asn Leu Gly Lys His Leu Asn1 5 10 15Ser Met Glu Arg Val Glu Trp Leu Arg Lys Lys Leu Gln Asp Val His20 25 30Asn Phe
Claims (22)
1.一种结晶形式的甲状旁腺素,其选自PTH(1-34)、PTH(1-37)、PTH(1-38)和PTH(1-41)。
2.权利要求1的结晶激素,所述激素是人PTH(1-34)。
3.权利要求2的结晶激素,是具有P422间隔基和下面的晶胞常数的四方体片状形式:a=b=91.071埃,c=37.665埃,α=β=γ=90°。
4.权利要求2的结晶激素,是具有P422间隔基和下面的晶胞常数的立方体结晶形式:a=b=91.071埃,c=37.665埃,α=β=γ=90°。
5.权利要求2的结晶激素,是具有P622间隔基和下面的晶胞常数的六方晶结晶形式:a=b=30.169埃,c=110.597埃,α=β=90°,γ=120°。
6.一种纯化甲状旁腺素的方法,包括:
(a)提供浓度为约5-40mg/毫升的甲状旁腺素的水溶液,该甲状旁腺素选自PTH(1-34),PTH(1-37),PTH(1-38)和PTH(1-41);
(b)将所述溶液与一贮存溶液混合,该贮存溶液含有浓度为约5-50体积百分比的有机溶剂和一缓冲液,该缓冲液的浓度为将溶液的pH保持在大约6.0和大约12.0之间;和
(c)使得到的溶液在大约室温和大约4℃之间的温度下静置预定时间,直到片状结晶形成。
7.权利要求6的方法,其中激素是人PTH(1-34)(SEQ ID NO:2)。
8.权利要求6的方法,其中有机溶剂选自甲醇,乙醇,异丙醇,MPD,聚乙二醇,乙二醇和它们的混合物。
9.权利要求6的方法,其中激素浓度是大约5-20mg/ml。
10.权利要求6的方法,其中有机溶剂的浓度是大约10-20体积百分比。
11.权利要求6的方法,其中水溶液和贮存溶液以大约1∶1的比例混合。
12.一种纯化甲状旁腺素的方法,包括:
(a)提供浓度为大约5-40mg/毫升的甲状旁腺素的水溶液,该甲状旁腺素选自PTH(1-34),PTH(1-37),PTH(1-38)和PTH(1-41);
(b)将所述溶液与一贮存溶液混合,该贮存溶液含有浓度为约0.5M-2.5M的磷酸盐或甲酸盐沉淀剂盐,和,任选一种含水缓冲液或其混合物,该缓冲液的浓度为将pH保持在大约4.0和大约6.0之间;和
(c)使得到的溶液在大约室温和大约4℃之间的温度下静置预定时间,直到立方体结晶形成。
13.权利要求12的方法,其中激素是人PTH(1-34)(SEQ ID NO:2)。
14.权利要求12的方法,其中缓冲液选自磷酸盐,甲酸盐,乙酸盐,酒石酸盐和它们的混合物。
15.权利要求12的方法,其中激素浓度是大约5-20mg/ml。
16.权利要求12的方法,其中激素水溶液和缓冲溶液以大约1∶1的比例混合。
17.一种纯化甲状旁腺素的方法,包括:
(a)提供浓度为在约10-30体积百分比甘油中的约5-40mg/毫升的甲状旁腺素的溶液,该甲状旁腺素选自PTH(1-34),PTH(1-37),PTH(1-38)和PTH(1-41);
(b)将所述溶液与一贮存溶液混合,该贮存溶液含有浓度为约5-50体积百分比浓度的有机溶剂、浓度为约0.5M-3.0M的硫酸铵和一缓冲液,该缓冲液的浓度为将溶液的pH保持在大约3.0和大约7.0之间;和
(c)使得到的溶液在大约室温和大约4℃之间的温度下静置预定时间,直到六方晶形成。
18.权利要求17的方法,其中激素是人PTH(1-34)(SEQ ID NO:2)。
19.权利要求17的方法,其中有机溶剂选自甲醇,乙醇,异丙醇,MPD,聚乙二醇,乙二醇和它们的混合物。
20.权利要求17的方法,其中激素浓度是大约5-20mg/ml。
21.权利要求17的方法,其中缓冲液是柠檬酸盐。
22.权利要求17的方法,其中激素溶液和缓冲溶液以大约1∶1的比例混合。
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- 1998-12-16 PT PT98123878T patent/PT926158E/pt unknown
- 1998-12-17 PE PE1998001242A patent/PE20000056A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2000
- 2000-06-16 NO NO20003131A patent/NO20003131D0/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102731643A (zh) * | 2012-06-26 | 2012-10-17 | 深圳翰宇药业股份有限公司 | 一种治疗骨质疏松多肽的制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2315103A1 (en) | 1999-06-24 |
KR20010033268A (ko) | 2001-04-25 |
NO20003131L (no) | 2000-06-16 |
AU748271B2 (en) | 2002-05-30 |
WO1999031137A1 (en) | 1999-06-24 |
EA200000672A1 (ru) | 2000-12-25 |
DE69816409D1 (de) | 2003-08-21 |
EP0926158A1 (en) | 1999-06-30 |
HUP0100075A2 (hu) | 2001-05-28 |
NO20003131D0 (no) | 2000-06-16 |
JP2002508395A (ja) | 2002-03-19 |
PE20000056A1 (es) | 2000-02-08 |
EP0926158B1 (en) | 2003-07-16 |
ATE245165T1 (de) | 2003-08-15 |
PL341209A1 (en) | 2001-03-26 |
TR200002179T2 (tr) | 2001-07-23 |
AU1632699A (en) | 1999-07-05 |
US6590081B1 (en) | 2003-07-08 |
ES2202729T3 (es) | 2004-04-01 |
IL136824A0 (en) | 2001-06-14 |
ZA9811407B (en) | 2000-07-13 |
PT926158E (pt) | 2003-11-28 |
BR9813740A (pt) | 2000-10-10 |
ID25660A (id) | 2000-10-19 |
DE69816409T2 (de) | 2004-06-09 |
DK0926158T3 (da) | 2003-11-10 |
AR038648A1 (es) | 2005-01-26 |
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