CN1274358A - 磷有机化合物的制备方法 - Google Patents
磷有机化合物的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1274358A CN1274358A CN99801304A CN99801304A CN1274358A CN 1274358 A CN1274358 A CN 1274358A CN 99801304 A CN99801304 A CN 99801304A CN 99801304 A CN99801304 A CN 99801304A CN 1274358 A CN1274358 A CN 1274358A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- acid
- salt
- butyl
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
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- Granted
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- -1 phosphor organiccompounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 40
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical class CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 22
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical class N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical class NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-guanidine Natural products CNC(N)=N CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OWIUPIRUAQMTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbazic acid Chemical class NNC(O)=O OWIUPIRUAQMTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003571 thiolactams Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical class [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonous acid Chemical class OPO XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000005538 phosphinite group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 44
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 37
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 14
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 13
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 229960003742 phenol Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- RRTCFFFUTAGOSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene;phenol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1.OC1=CC=CC=C1 RRTCFFFUTAGOSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 8
- FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrotriazine Chemical compound C1NNNC=C1 FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ICKWICRCANNIBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol Chemical class CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 ICKWICRCANNIBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 7
- FQUNFJULCYSSOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisoctrizole Chemical compound N1=C2C=CC=CC2=NN1C1=CC(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C=2)C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)O)=C1O FQUNFJULCYSSOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine Substances CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1 RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
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- 229940042795 hydrazides for tuberculosis treatment Drugs 0.000 description 6
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- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- GXURZKWLMYOCDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;dihydroxyphosphanyl dihydrogen phosphite Chemical compound OP(O)OP(O)O.OCC(CO)(CO)CO GXURZKWLMYOCDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940059574 pentaerithrityl Drugs 0.000 description 5
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
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- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N d-alpha-tocopherol Natural products OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229920006242 ethylene acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 description 3
- HJIAMFHSAAEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxyphenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HJIAMFHSAAEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-thione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(S)=NC2=C1 YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIXRDRQSWYSVNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1O UIXRDRQSWYSVNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- MSGFMKMFGGXSTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(C)(C)C=1C=C(C(=CC1O)CN)CCCC Chemical compound C(C)(C)(C)C=1C=C(C(=CC1O)CN)CCCC MSGFMKMFGGXSTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 2
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- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/46—Phosphinous acids [R2POH], [R2P(= O)H]: Thiophosphinous acids including[R2PSH]; [R2P(=S)H]; Aminophosphines [R2PNH2]; Derivatives thereof
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- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
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Abstract
本发明涉及一个新的制备亚膦酸盐或亚次膦酸盐的方法,其中使弗瑞德—克来福特反应的生成物与醇或酚进行化学反应,并分离除掉所形成的副产物,其特征在于用一个亲质子化合物,或用一个金属的氧化物,氢氧化物,碳酸(氢)盐或磷酸(氢)盐,或用一个含氮化合物,或者用上述一个或多个化合物的结合体对上述化学反应产物进行后处理,由此可制得具有低卤化物和铝含量的产品,该产品具有显著改进的清晰溶解性,而且作为一个稳定剂对聚合物料显示改进的稳定性作用。
Description
本发明涉及亚膦酸酯或亚次膦酸酯,特别是芳香族的亚膦酸酯或亚次膦酸酯的制备方法。其中的反应产物明显地改进了其对聚合物的稳定作用。本发明方法所制备的产品的特征是:具有更高的活性、改进的水解稳定性与清晰的溶解度,以及明显地降低的不希望有的副产物含量。
本领域技术人员都知道,可以用弗瑞德-克来福特反应方法(反应式1)制备芳香族的亚膦酸酯或亚次膦酸酯,其中使芳香族化合物与卤化磷化合物,如三氯化磷、三溴化磷进行反应,分别形成烷基二卤化膦化物或芳基二卤化膦化物。通过已知方法(反应式1a)用叔胺或磷酰氯进行再配位反应,使最初形成的卤化铝加成化合物发生解离。在随后的反应中(反应式2),使上述反应生成物芳基二卤化膦、烷基苯基卤化膦或二芳基卤化膦,在有或没有惰性溶剂和/或酸结合剂,如叔胺参与反应的条件下,与醇或(苯)酚进行反应,从而制得所需的亚膦酸酯或亚次膦酸酯。上述的“卤素”是指氯化物或溴化物,但优先采用氯化物。上述人们早已知晓的反应步骤已在文献中记载(例如,Michaelis,Ann.,293,193(1896);Kosolapoff,G.M.有机磷化合物,John Wiley &Sons,纽约,1972)。下列反应式明显地包括以芳族底物作为反应物的反应式1和反应式2。例如,使二苯基物与两个当量的三氯化磷进行反应的弗瑞德-克来福特反应。在上述反应中的各个反应参与物的加入量可以是等于、少于或多于化学计算量。这类反应式已在英国专利文献GB 1372528中揭示。
反应式2
a)在酸性中和剂存在的情况下:
b)未使用酸性中和剂
上述反应式相互无关,式中的
R是一个脂族、环脂族或芳族的含有1~36碳原子的有机基团,其中还可含有杂原子(N、O、P、S);
R’是卤素或R;
R”是一个脂族、环脂族或芳族的、含有1~36个碳原子的有机基团,其中还可以含有杂原子(N、O、P、S);
R是一个脂族、环脂族或芳族的,含有1~36个碳原子的有机基团,其中还可以含有杂原子(N、O、P、S),或N(R)3,如吡啶或烷基取代的吡啶;
Hal是Cl或Br;
n可以是0~5;
m=1,当R’=R时,当R’=Hal时,m=2。
在某些情况下,上述反应混合物还可以包括有机的或有机磷的化合物,例如(苯)酚、醇、胺或亚磷酸盐、膦酸盐、磷酸盐等。它们同样也是在亚膦酸酯/亚次膦酸酯合成反应中形成的,并在反应终止时作为余物剩留在混合物中,要不就是谨慎地添加进去。
弗瑞德-克来福特反应的生成物与醇或(苯)酚进行反应生成亚膦酸酯或亚次膦酸酯。该反应可以不用溶剂,而在隋性非极性溶剂(例如脂族烃、环脂烃或其混合物)参与反应的条件下进行,或者也可在有等于或多于化学计算量的酸性接受剂参与反应的条件下进行(参见反应式2a)。
上述制备方法都共同使生成物中含有一定量的所不希望有的副产物。这些副产物是由于卤化磷化物的不完全反应所造成的,或者是由于少量的卤化铝残留物或胺氢卤化物盐所形成的。根据传统方法,必须用复杂的并且成本高的净化方法,例如结晶法、蒸馏法、过滤法、薄膜法或离子交换化,除掉产品中的副产物以得到纯产品。如果产品中残留这些副产物时,就会损害其适用于聚合物稳定剂的特性。因而,会降低其清晰溶解性,尤其是在非极性溶剂中,或聚合物的透明性。由于存在有卤化物离子,会加速金属的腐蚀性,而且还会加速所不希望有的分解过程,例如化合物本身的水解反应或可水解的聚合物,如聚酯或聚碳酸酯的水解反应。
本发明的目的是用简易与低成本的方法显著降低产品中的所不希望有的副产物的含量,而且同时提高活性物质的产率。
我们令人惊奇地发现,在用上述方法制备含有亚膦酸酯和/或亚次膦酸酯的反应混合物后,单独加入少量的一种或多种亲质子化合物,例如醇、氨、伯胺、仲胺或水,或者最好是把上述化合物与一个金属的氧化物、氢氧化物、碳酸(氢)盐或磷酸(氢)盐一起配合加入,经适当的反应时间后,就能轻易地分离出少量生成的固体物。由此,可显著地降低产品中的卤化物含量,改进了在非极性溶剂中的清晰溶解性,其中的铝含量也降低了,使所得的反应产品比现有技术的亚膦酸盐/亚次膦酸盐具有更好的对聚合物的稳定性作用。
或者也可以单独地加入一个或多个的含氮物质,如碳酸酰胺、硫代碳酸酰胺、碳酸酰亚胺、硫代碳酸酰亚胺、内酰胺、硫代内酰胺、碳酸酰肼、脲(尿素)、硫脲、对称和不对称取代的脲与硫脲衍生物、氨基甲酸乙酯(聚氨酯)、尿酰亚胺、胍及其盐或蜜胺及其衍生物,包括所有同类的聚合物,或者一个金属的氧化物、氢氧化物、碳酸(氢)盐或磷酸(氢)盐、或者最好是将其与前述的一个亲质子化合物一起配合加入进去,这样也可以导致类同前述的好结果。
此外,把一个或多个亲质子化合物和/或一个或多个含氮物质(如前述所有物质)与一个金属的氧化物、氢氧化物、碳酸(氢)盐或磷酸(氢)盐一起配合使用,可以改进所得的亚膦酸盐/亚次膦酸盐的特性。
Aryl表示一个取代或未取代的芳基或杂芳基;
R表示一个含有1~36个碳原子的有机基,它也可含有杂原子;
A可以是R或OR;
Aryl具有如同上述含义;
Hal是卤素;
A’是Hal或R;
与具有下列化学式(III)的化合物进行反应,化学式(III)中的R具有如
R-OH (III)
R同上述含义。接着分离除掉所形成的副产物,其特征在于,用一个亲质子化合物,如醇、氨、伯胺、仲胺或水,或用一个金属的氧化物、氢氧化物、碳酸(氢)盐或磷酸(氢)盐、或用一个含氮化合物,如碳酸酰胺、硫代碳酸酰胺、碳酸酰亚胺、硫代碳酸酰亚胺、内酰胺、硫代内酰胺、碳酸酰肼、脲(尿素)、硫脲、对称和不对称取代的脲与硫脲的衍生物、氨基甲酸乙酯(聚氨酯)、尿酰亚胺,以及胍与其盐或蜜胺及其衍生物,包括所有同类的聚合物,或者用一个或多个的上述化合物的相配合物质,在没有溶剂或在一个惰性的非极性溶剂中进行后处理,使生成物中的副产物再次被分离除掉。
根据本发明的化学反应是在没有溶剂或是在惰性非极性的溶剂中进行的。该惰性非极性溶剂包括(链)烷烃或芳烃(例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯、吡啶)或其混合物,但最好是(链)烷烃(如,庚烷、环己烷、异辛烷、萘烷)、烷烃混合物(如石油醚的沸点馏分)或者只含有少量芳烃的工业级的烷烃混合物。在本方法的反应中可以避免使用原先最常用的氯代芳烃溶剂,如氯苯或二氯苯。
上述方法可以使除掉副产物的过程显著地简化。因为这些副产物连同一些辅助剂,只是少量地生成,而且是以容易除掉的方式存在的。
在综合加工亚膦酸酯/亚次膦酸酯的过程中,最好使用由醇或水与碱金属及碱土金属或锌的氧化物、氢氧化物或碳酸盐,或者与一个含氮化合物所组成的混合物。在该情况下也可以有其它的化合物,如亚磷酸盐、(苯)酚及胺类。
在综合加工芳烃的亚膦酸酯/亚次膦酸酯的过程中,最好使用由水与碱金属及碱土金属的氧化物或氢氧化物或者含氮化合物,如碳酸酰胺、酰亚胺、内酰胺、脲、硫脲、取代脲、蜜胺及其衍生物以及所有同类的聚合物所组成的混合物,在该情况下也可以有其它的化合物,如亚磷酸盐、(苯)酚及胺类。
在综合加工芳烃的亚膦酸酯/亚次膦酸酯的过程中,最好使用由水与镁或钙的氧化物及钙、镁、钾与钠的氢氧化物,或者碳酸酰胺、脲或蜜胺,所组成的混合物,其中还可以有如亚磷酸盐、(苯)酚及胺类的化合物。
对于亚膦酸盐/亚次膦酸盐的用量,上述亲质子化合物的用量是0.1~50摩尔%,而金属的氧化物、氢氧化物、碳酸(氢)盐或磷酸(氢)盐的用量,或含氮化合物的用量是0.1~50摩尔%。
相对于亚膦酸盐/亚次膦酸盐的用量,上述亲质子化合物的用量最好是0.5~35摩尔%,而锌及元素周期表中第I、II及III族的金属的氧化物、氢氧化物、碳酸(氢)盐、磷酸(氢)盐的用量、或含氮化合物的用量最好是0.5~35摩尔%。
相对于亚膦酸盐/亚次膦酸盐的用量,上述亲质子化合物的用量最好是1~25摩尔%,而元素周期表中第I及II族的金属的氧化物或氢氧化物最好是1~25摩尔%,而含氮化合物的用量最好是5~30摩尔%。
本发明特别适用于对以2,4-二叔丁基苯酚与由二苯基和磷三氯化物所组成的弗瑞德-克来福特反应生成物进行反应所形成的产物为基础的反应混合物进行综合加工(参看化学文摘119345-01-6;商标名为SandostabP-EPQ)。
还可以把含氮化合物、亲质子化合物与金属的氧化物、氢氧化物、碳酸(氢)盐或磷酸(氢)盐一起配合用于后处理过程。最适用的化合物包括碱金属、碱土金属与锌的上述有关化合物。上述一起配合使用的化合物总量,相对于亚膦酸盐/亚次膦酸盐的量,可以是0.1~50摩尔%,优选为0.5~35摩尔%,最优选为1~25摩尔%。
根据本发明方法所制备的亚膦酸盐或亚次膦酸盐的特点在于只含有很低的卤化物,具有改进性的在非极性溶剂中的清晰溶解性,其中的铝含量降低,其对聚合物的稳定性作用得到加强。与现有技术方法制备的亚膦酸盐或亚次膦酸盐进行比较,发现按现有技术方法制得的产品,根据银量滴定法分析,含有至少0.8%的氯化物或可水解的氯,而根据本发明方法制备的亚膦酸盐或亚次膦酸盐中的氯含量低于0.5%,在特别纯的情况下,甚至低于0.3%。用原子反射光谱法/感应耦合等离子法(AES/ICP)测定,发现在根据现有技术方法制备的产品中含有至少800ppm的铝含量,而根据本发明方法制备的产品中只含有低于500ppm的铝。可以根据在10%浓度的异辛烷溶液中的混浊测定法测出它们在非极性溶液中的清晰溶解性。
具有改进特性的反应生成物亚膦酸盐或亚次膦酸盐,或者它们与上述其它化合物的混合物,可用做聚合物的稳定剂。所述的聚合物可包括以下物质:
1.一烯或二烯属的聚合物,例如聚丙烯、聚异丁烯、聚1-丁烯、聚1,4-甲基戊烯、异戊二烯或聚丁二烯,以及环烯的聚合物,例如环戊烯或降冰片烯;此外,还有聚乙烯(可随意交联),例如高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、直线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、支链低密度聚乙烯(BLDPE)。聚烯烃,例如一烯属的聚合物,特别是聚乙烯与聚丙烯,可以用许多方法制备,特别是按下述方法制备:
a).自由基聚合方法(通常是高温高压的条件下);
b).催化剂聚合方法,通常该催化剂含有一个或多个的元素周期表中的第IVb、Vb、VIb或VIII族的金属。这些金属一般有一个或多个配位体,例如氧化物、卤化物、醇盐、酯、醚、胺、烷基类、链烯基类和/或芳基类,它们可以是π或α配位。这些金属配(复)合物可以是游离的或固定在载体上。例如固定在活化的氯化镁、氯化钛、氧化铝或氧化硅载体上。这些催化剂可以溶于或不溶于聚合介质中。这些催化剂可以在聚合过程被活化,或还可以使用其它的活化剂,例如烷基金属、氢化金属、金属烷基卤化物、金属烷基醚,或金属烷基噁烷,其中的金属可以是元素周期表中第Ia、IIa和/或IIIa族的金属。还可以用酯、醚、胺或甲硅烷基醚对上述活化剂进行改性。上述催化剂系列一般称为Phillips,Standard Oil Indiana,Ziegler(Natta),TNZ(DuPont),金属茂或单作用位点催化剂(SSC)。
2.上述1中的聚合物的混合物,例如聚丙烯与聚异丁烯的混合物、聚丙烯与聚乙烯的混合物(例如PP/HDPE、PP/LDPE),以及不同型的聚乙烯的混合物(例如LDPE/HDPE)。
3.一烯或二烯属之间的共聚物,或与其它乙烯基单体的共聚物,例如乙烯-丙烯共聚物、直线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)的共聚物、丙烯与1-丁烯的共聚物、丙烯-异丁烯共聚物、乙烯与1-丁烯的共聚物、乙烯-己烯共聚物、乙烯-甲基戊烯共聚物、乙烯-庚烯共聚物、乙烯-辛烯共聚物、丙烯-丁二烯共聚物、异丁烯与异戊二烯的共聚物、乙烯-烷基丙烯酸酯共聚物、乙烯-烷基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、乙烯-乙烯基乙酸酯共聚物,以及它们与一氧化碳的共聚物或乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物及其盐(离子交联聚合物),还有乙烯与丙烯及二烯属,如己二烯、二环戊二烯或亚乙基-降冰片烯所组成的三元共聚物;此外还有上述共聚物之间的混合物,或上述共聚物与上述1中聚合物的混合物,例如聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯共聚物、LDPE/乙烯-乙烯基乙酸酯共聚物、LDPE/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、LLDPE/乙烯-乙烯基乙酸酯共聚物、LLDPE/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物,以及交变或无规的聚亚烷基-一氧化碳共聚物,以及它们与其它聚合物,如聚酰胺的混合物。
4.烃类树脂(例如C5-C9),包括加氢改性的烃树脂(例如增粘性树脂),以及淀粉与聚亚烷基物的混合物。
5.聚苯乙烯、聚(对甲基苯乙烯)、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯)。
6.苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯与二烯烃或丙烯衍生物的共聚物,例如苯乙烯-丁二烯、苯乙烯-丙烯腈、苯乙烯-烷基丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯-丁二烯-丙烯酸烷基酯、苯乙烯-丁二烯-烷基丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯-马来酸酐、苯乙烯-丙烯腈-甲基丙烯酸酯;高冲击强度的苯乙烯共聚物与其它聚合物的混合物,例如聚丙烯酸酯、二烯属聚合物或乙烯-丙烯-二烯属的三元共聚物;苯乙烯的嵌段共聚物,例如苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯或苯乙烯-乙烯/丙烯-苯乙烯。
7.苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯的接枝共聚物,例如苯乙烯在聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚物、苯乙烯在聚丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物上的接枝共聚物,或苯乙烯在聚丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物上的接枝共聚物、苯乙烯与丙烯腈(或甲基丙烯腈)在聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚物;苯乙烯、丙烯腈与甲基丙烯酸甲酯在聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚物;苯乙烯与马来酸酐在聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚物;苯乙烯、丙烯腈与马来酸酐或马来酰亚胺,在聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚物;苯乙烯与马来酰亚胺在聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚物;苯乙烯与丙烯酸烷基酯或烷基丙烯酸甲酯在聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚物,苯乙烯与丙烯腈在乙烯-丙烯-二烯属三元共聚物上的接枝共聚物、苯乙烯与丙烯腈在聚丙烯酸烷基酯或聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯上的接枝共聚物,苯乙烯与丙烯腈在丙烯酸酯-丁二烯共聚物上的接枝共聚物,以及它们与上述6中的共聚物所组成的混合物,例如众所周知的ABS,MBS,ASA或AES聚合物。
8.含卤聚合物,例如聚氯丁二烯,氯化橡胶,氯化或磺氯化聚乙烯,乙烯与氯化乙烯的共聚物,表氯醇均聚物与共聚物,特别是含卤乙烯基化合物的聚合物,例如,聚氯乙烯,聚偏二氯乙烯,聚氟乙烯,聚偏氟乙烯,以及它们的共聚物,例如氯乙烯-二氯乙烯共聚物,氯乙烯-乙酸乙烯基酯共聚物或二氯乙烯-乙酸乙烯基酯共聚物。
9.由α,β-不饱和酸及其衍生物形成的聚合物,例如聚丙烯酸酯,聚甲基丙烯酸酯,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,用丙烯酸丁酯改进其冲击性的聚丙烯腈与聚丙烯酰胺。
10.上述9中单体相互之间的共聚物或该单体与其它的不饱和单体的共聚物,例如丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚物,丙烯腈-丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物,丙烯腈-丙烯酸烷氧基烷基酯共聚物,丙烯腈-乙烯基卤化物共聚物或者丙烯腈-甲基丙烯酸烷基酯-丁二烯三元共聚物。
11.由不饱和醇与胺或酰基衍生物或其乙缩醛所形成的聚合物,例如聚乙烯醇,聚乙酸乙烯酯,聚硬脂酸乙烯酯,聚苯甲酸乙烯酯,聚马来酸乙烯酯,聚丁酸乙烯酯,聚邻苯二甲酸烯丙基酯或聚烯丙基密胺;以及其与上述1中烯属的共聚物。
12.环醚的共聚物及均聚物,例如聚亚烷基二醇,聚环氧乙烷,聚环氧丙烷或它们与二缩水甘油醚的共聚物。
13.聚缩醛类,例如聚氧化亚甲基及那些含有共聚用单体,例如环氧乙烷的聚氧化亚甲基类;用热塑聚氨基甲酸乙酯,丙烯酸酯或MBS改性的聚缩醛类。
14.聚苯氧类与聚苯硫类,以及它们与苯乙烯聚合物或聚酰胺的混合物。
15.由具有羟基端的聚醚,聚酯及聚丁二烯与脂族或芳族的聚异氰酸酯所组成的聚氨基甲酸乙酯及其前体。
16.由二胺类及二羧基酸类形成的聚酰胺与共聚多酰胺,和/或由氨基羧基酸类或对应的内酰胺,如尼龙-4,尼龙-6,尼龙-6/6,6/10,6/9,6/12,4/6,12/12,尼龙-11及尼龙-12,所形成的聚酰胺与共聚多酰胺,以及由间二甲苯,二胺及己二酸所形成的芳族聚酰胺类;由己亚甲基二胺和间苯二酸和/或对苯二酸制成的聚酰胺类,其中可以用或可以不用弹体,如聚2,4,4-三甲基己亚甲基对苯二酸酰胺或聚间亚苯基间苯二酸酰胺,作为改性剂;上述聚酰胺类与聚烯烃,烯烃共聚物,离子交联聚合物,或者化学结合的或接枝的弹体共同形成的嵌段共聚物,或者上述聚酰胺类与聚醚,如聚乙二醇,聚丙二醇或聚亚丁基二醇共同形成的嵌段共聚物。此外还有用EPDM或ABS改性的聚酰胺或共聚多酰胺,以及在反应过程中缩聚的聚酰胺(“RIM聚酰胺反应体系”)。
17.聚脲类,聚酰亚胺,聚酰胺-酰亚胺及聚苯并咪唑。
18.由二羧基酸和二醇所形成的聚酯类,和/或由羟基羧基酸或相对应的内酰胺,如聚对苯二甲酸乙酯,聚对苯二甲酸丁酯,聚1,4-二羟甲基环己烷对苯二酸酯,多羟基苯甲酸酯,所形成的聚酯类及由具有羟基端的聚醚所形成的嵌段聚酸酯类;此外还有用聚碳酸酯或MBS改性的聚酯类。
19.聚碳酸酯和聚酯碳酸酯。
20.聚矾、聚矾醚和聚酮醚。
21.由醛和(苯)酚,脲或密胺所组成的交联聚合物,例如酚醛树脂,脲醛树脂,密胺甲醛树脂。
22.干性与非干性醇酸树脂。
23.由饱和与不饱和的二羧基酸的共聚酯类形成的不饱和的聚酯树脂,其中用多元醇和乙烯基化合物作为交联剂,而且也有含卤的低燃点改性剂。
24.由取代丙烯酸酯,如环氧丙烯酸酯,聚氨酯丙烯酸酯或聚酯丙烯酸酯所形成的交联丙烯酸树脂。
25.与密胺树脂交联的丙烯酸树脂,聚酯树脂,醇酸树脂,尿素树脂,聚异氰醇或环氧树脂。
26.由聚环氧化物,如双缩水甘油醚或环脂族二环氧化物形成的交联环氧树脂。
27.天然聚合物,例如纤维素,天然橡胶,明胶及其衍生物,其中已用聚合物同交化方法对其进行化学改性,例如乙醇纤维素,丙酸纤维素与丁酸纤维素或纤维素醚,如甲基纤维素,以及松香与衍生物。
28.前述的聚合物的混合物(高聚物混体),例如PP/EPDM,聚酰胺/EPDM或ABS,PVC/EVA,PVC/ABS,PVC/MBS,PC/ABS,PBTP/ABS,PC/ASA,PC/PBT,PVC/CPE,PVC/丙烯酸酯,POM/热塑性PUR,PC/热塑性PUR,POM/丙烯酸酯,POM/MBS,PPO/HIPS,PPO/PA6.6,以及共聚物PA/HDPE,PA/PP,PA/PPO。
29.天然与合成的,构成纯单体的化合物的有机物质或其混合物,例如矿物油,动物或植物的油脂,油及蜡,或者以合成酯(例如苯二甲酸酯类,己二酸酯类,磷酸酯或偏苯三酸酯类)为基的油脂,蜡或油,以及合成酯类与矿物油的按所需重量比例所配的混合物料,例如纺丝油剂及含水乳剂。
30.天然或合成橡胶的含水乳剂,例如天然橡胶的胶乳或羧酸酯化苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物的胶乳。
还可以向上述聚合物中加入下列添加剂:
1.抗氧化剂
1.1 烷基化一元酚,例如2,6-叔丁基-4-甲基酚,2-丁基-4,6-二甲基酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-正丁基酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-异丁基酚,2,6-二环戊基-4-甲基酚,24a-甲基环己基-4,6-二甲基酚,2,6-双十八烷基-4-甲基酚,2,4,6-三环己基酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基甲基酚,2,6-二壬基-4-甲基酚,2,4-二甲基-6-(1’-甲基-1’-十一烷基)酚,2,4-二甲基-6-(1’-甲基十七烷基)酚,2,4-二甲基-6-(1’-甲基-1’-十三烷基)酚,以及其混合物。
1.2 烷基硫代甲基酚,例如2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-叔丁基酚、2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-甲基酚、2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-乙基酚、2,6-双十二烷基-硫代甲基-4-壬基酚。
1.3 氢醌和烷基化氢醌,例如2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基酚,2,5-二叔丁基氢醌,2,5-二叔戊基氢醌,2,6-二苯基-4-十八烷氧化酚,2,6-二叔丁基氢醌,2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基硬脂酸酯,双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)己二酸酯。
1.4 生育酚,例如α-生育酚,β-生育酚,γ-生育酚,δ-生育酚及其混合物(维生素E)。
1.5 羟基化的硫代二苯基醚类,例如2,2’-硫代双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基酚),2,2’-硫代双(4-辛基酚),4,4’-硫代双(6-叔丁基-3-甲基酚),4,4’-硫代双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基酚),4,4’-硫代双(3,6-二仲戊基酚),4,4’-双(2,6-二甲基-4-羟基苯甲)二硫化物(disulphic)。
1.6 亚烷基二酚,例如2,2’-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基酚),2,2’-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-乙基酚),2,2’-亚甲基双[4-甲基-6-(α-甲基环己基)酚],2,2’-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-环己基酚),2,2’-亚甲基双(6-壬基-4-甲基酚),2,2’-亚甲基双(4,6-二叔丁基酚),2,2’-亚乙基双(4,6-二叔丁基酚),2,2’-亚乙基双(6-叔丁基-4-异丁基酚),2,2’-亚甲基双[6-(α-甲基苄基)-4-壬基酚),2,2’-亚甲基双[6-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-4-壬基酚],4,4’-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基酚),4,4’-亚甲基双[6-叔丁基-1,2-甲基酚),1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷,2,6-双(3-叔丁基-5-甲基-2-羟基苄基)-4-甲基酚,1,1,3-三(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷,1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-3-正十二烷基巯基丁烷,乙二醇双[3,3-双(3’-叔丁基-4’-羟基苯基)丁酸酯],双(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)二环戊二烯,双[2-(3’-叔丁基-2’-羟基-5’-甲基苄基)-6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯基]对苯二甲酸酯,1,1-双(3,5-二甲基-2-羟基苯基)丁烷,2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷,2,2-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-4-正十二烷基巯基丁烷,1,1,5,5-四-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)戊烷。
1.7 O-苄基,N-苄基与S-苄基化合物,例如3,5,3’,5’-四叔丁基-4,4’-二羟基二苄基醚,十八烷基4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苄基巯基乙酸酯,三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)胺,双(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)二硫代对苯二甲酸酯,双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)硫化物,异辛基3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基巯基乙酸酯。
1.8 羟基苄基化丙二酸酯,例如双十八烷基2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-2-羟基苄基)丙二酸酯,二十八烷基2-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苄基)丙二酸酯,二十二烷基巯基乙基-2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸酯,双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基],2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸酯。
1.9 芳族的羟基苄基化合物,例如1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基)-4-羟基苄基-2,4,6-三甲基苯,1,4-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,3,5,6-四甲基苯,2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)(苯)酚。
1.10 三嗪化合物,例如2,4-二辛基巯基-6-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,2,3-三嗪,1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯,1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)民氰脲酸酯,2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基乙基)-1,3,5-三嗪,1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙基)六氢-1,3,5-三嗪,1,3,5-三(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯。
1.11 苄基膦酸酯,例如二甲基2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸酯,二乙基3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸酯,二十八烷基3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸酯,二十八烷基5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苄基膦酸酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸的单乙基酯的钙盐。
1.12 酰基氨基苯酚类,例如4-羟基月桂酰胺,4-羟基N硬脂基酰苯胺,辛基N-(3,5-二叔丁基-羟基苯基)氨基甲酸酯。
1.13 β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸与一元醇或多元醇,如甲醇,乙醇,辛醇,十八烷醇,1,6-己二醇,1,9-壬二醇,乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇,新戊二醇,硫代二甘醇,二甘醇,三甘醇,季戊四醇,三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯,N,N’-双(羟乙基)草酰胺,3-硫杂十一烷醇,3-硫杂十五烷醇,三甲基己二醇,三羟甲基丙烷,4-羟基甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷,所组成的酯类。
1.14 β-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙酸与一元醇或多元醇,如甲醇,乙醇,辛醇,十八烷醇,1,6-己二醇,1,9-壬二醇,乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇,新戊二醇,硫代二甘醇,二甘醇,三甘醇,季戊四醇,三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯,N,N’-双(羟乙基)草酰胺,3-硫杂十一烷醇,3-硫杂十五烷醇,三甲基己二醇,三羟甲基丙烷,4-羟基甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷,所组成的酯类。
1.15 β-(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸与一元醇或多元醇,如甲醇,乙醇,辛醇,十八烷醇,1,6-己二醇,1,9-壬二醇,乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇,新戊二醇,硫代二甘醇,二甘醇,三甘醇,季戊四醇,三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯,N,N’-双(羟乙基)草酰胺,3-硫杂十一烷醇,3-硫杂十五烷醇,三甲基己二醇,三羟甲基丙烷,4-羟基甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷,所组成的酯类。
1.16 3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基乙酸与一元醇或多元醇,如甲醇,乙醇,辛醇,十八烷醇,1,6-己二醇,1,9-壬二醇,乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇,新戊二醇,硫代二甘醇,二甘醇,三甘醇,季戊四醇,三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯,N,N’-双(羟乙基)草酰胺,3-硫杂十一烷醇,3-硫杂十五烷醇,三甲基己二醇,三羟甲基丙烷,4-羟基甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷,所组成的酯类。
1.17 β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸的酰胺类,例如N,N’-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)六亚甲基二胺,N,N’-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)三亚甲基二胺,N,N’-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)肼。
2.紫外线吸收剂与抗光剂
2.1 2-(2’-羟苯基)苯并三唑,例如2-(2’-羟基-5’-甲基苯基)-苯并三唑,2-(3’,5’-二叔丁基-2’-羟苯基)苯并三唑, 2-(5’-叔丁基-2’-羟苯基)苯并三唑,2-(2’-羟基-5’-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3’,5’-二叔丁基-2’-羟苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑,2-(3-叔丁基-2’-羟基-5’-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑,2-(3’-仲丁基-5’-叔丁基-2’-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(2’-羟基-4’-辛基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3’,5’-二叔戊基-2’-羟苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3’,5’-双(α,α-二甲基苄基-2’-羟苯基)苯并三唑;2-(3’-叔丁基-2’-羟基-5’-(2-辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑,2-(3’-叔丁基-5’-[2-(2-乙基己氧基)羰基乙基]-2’-羟苯基)5-氯苯并三唑,2-(3’-叔丁基-2’羟基-5’-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑,2-(3’-叔丁基-2’-羟基-5’-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3’-叔丁基-2’-羟基-5’-(2-辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3’-叔丁基-5’-[2-(2-乙基己氧基)]羰基乙基]-2’-羟苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3’-十二烷基-2’-羟基-5’-甲基苯基)苯并三唑和2-(3’-叔丁基-2’-羟基-5’-(2-异辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基苯并三唑,2,2’-亚甲基-双[4(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-6-苯并三唑-2-苯酚]的混合物;2-[3-叔丁基-5’-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)-2’-羟基-苯基]苯并三唑与聚乙二醇300,[R-CH2CH2-COO(CH2)3]2的酯基转移反应生成物。上述R=3’-叔丁基-4’-羟基-5’-2H-苯并三唑-2-苯基。
2.2 2-羟基二苯酮,例如4-羟基,4-甲氧基,4-辛氧基,4-癸氧基,4-十二烷氧基,4-苄氧基,4,2’,4’-三羟基与2’-羟基-4,4’-二甲氧基的衍生物。
2.3 取代或未取代的苯甲酸的酯类,例如4-叔丁基苯基水杨酸酯,苯基水杨酸酯,辛基苯基水杨酸酯,二苯甲酰基间苯二醇,双(4-叔丁基苯甲酰基)间苯二醇、苯甲酰基间苯二醇、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2,4-二叔丁基苯基酯、十六烷基3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十八烷基酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2-甲基-4,6-二叔丁基-苯基酯。
2.4 丙烯酸酯,例如,α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸乙基酯或α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸异辛基酯、α-羰甲氧基肉桂酸甲基酯、α-氰基-β-甲基-对甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯或α-氰基-β-甲基-对甲氧基肉桂酸丁基酯、α-羰甲氧基-对甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯,以及N-(β-羰甲氧基-β-氰基乙烯基)-2-甲基二氢吲哚。
2.5 镍化合物,例如2,2’-硫代-双[4-(1,1,3,3)四甲基丁基)苯酚]的镍配(复)合物,例如1∶1或1∶2配合物,其中含有或不含有附加的配位体,如正丁基胺、三乙醇胺或N-环己二乙醇胺、镍的二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸酯、一元烷基酯的镍盐,例如4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基膦酸的甲基或乙基酯,酮肟的镍配合物,例如,2-羟基-4-甲基苯基十一烷基酮肟的镍配合物,含有或不含有附加的配位体的1-苯基-4-月桂基-5-羟基吡唑的镍配合物。
2.6 位阻胺,例如双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)癸二酸酯,双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)琥珀酸酯、双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)癸二酸酯、正丁基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基丙二酸的双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)酸,1-羟基乙基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶与琥珀酸的缩聚产物,N,N’-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-六亚甲基二胺和4-叔辛基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-s-三嗪的缩聚产物,三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)次氮基三乙酸酯、四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)1,2,3,4-丁烷四氧酸(butane tetraoate)、1,1’-(1,2-乙二基lethanedily)-双(3,3,5,5-四甲基哌嗪酮),4-苯甲酰基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-硬脂氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、双(1,2,2,6, 6-戊甲基哌啶基)2-正丁基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基)丙二酸酯,3-正辛基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺旋[4,5](triazaspiro)癸烷-2,4-二酮,双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)癸二酸酯,双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)琥珀酸酯,N,N’-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺和4-吗啉代-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的缩聚产物、2-氯-4,6-二(4-正丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪和1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩聚产物,2-氯-4,6-二(4-正丁基氨基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪和1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩聚产物,8-乙酰基-3-十二烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺旋[4,5](triagaspiro癸烷-2,4-二酮,3-十二烷基-1-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮,3-十二烷基-1-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮。
2.7 草酰胺,例如4,4’-二辛氧基N,N’-草酰二苯胺,2,2’-二乙氧基N,N’-草酰二苯胺,2,2’-二辛氧基-5,5’-二叔丁基N,N’-草酰二苯胺,2,2’-二十二烷氧基-5,5’-二叔丁基-N,N’-草酰苯胺,2-乙氧基-2’-乙基N,N’-草酰二苯胺,N,N’-双(3-二甲基氨基丙基)苯酰胺,2-乙氧基-5-叔丁基-2’-乙基N,N’-草酰二苯胺,以及其与2-乙氧基-2’-乙基-5,4’-二叔丁基N,N’-草酰二苯胺的混合物,以及邻位和对位甲氧基双取代的N,N’-草酰二苯胺与邻位和对位乙氧基双取代的N,N’-草酰二苯胺的混合物。
2.8 2-(2-羟苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,例如,2,4,6-三(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2,4-二羟基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2,4-双(2-羟基-4-丙氧基苯基)-6-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-双(4-甲基苯基)1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-十二烷氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-丁氧基丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-辛氧基丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪。
3.金属减活化剂,例如N,N’-二苯基草酰胺,N-水杨醛-N’-水杨酰基肼,N,N’-双(水杨酰基)肼,N,N’-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)肼,3-水杨酰基氨基-1,2,4-三吡咯,双(亚苄基)草酰基二酰肼,N,N’-草酰苯胺,间苯二酰基二酰肼,癸二酰基双苯基酰肼,N,N’-二乙酰基己二酰基二酰肼,N,N’-双(水杨酰基)草酰基二酰肼,N,N’-双(水杨酰基)硫化丙酰基二酰肼。
4.亚磷酸盐和亚膦酸盐,例如,亚磷酸三苯基酯,烷基亚磷酸二苯基酯,二烷基亚磷酸苯基酯,亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯,亚磷酸三月桂基酯,亚磷酸三十八烷基酯,季戊四醇二亚磷酸二硬脂基酯,亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯,季戊四醇二亚磷酸二异癸基酯,季戊四醇二亚磷酸双(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯,季戊四醇二亚磷酸双(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)酯,季戊四醇二亚磷酸双异癸氧基酯,季戊四醇二亚磷酸双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)酯,季戊四醇二亚磷酸双(2,4,6-三叔丁基苯基)酯,山梨糖醇三亚磷酸三硬脂基酯,4,4’-二亚苯基二亚膦酸四(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯,6-异辛氧基-2,4,8,10-四叔丁基-12H-二苯并(d,g)-1,3,2-二噁亚膦酸酯(phosphocin),6-氟-2,4,8,10-四叔丁基-12-甲基-二苯并[d,g]-1,3,2-二噁亚膦酸酯(phosphocin),双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)甲基亚磷酸酯,双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)乙基亚磷酸酯。
5.过氧化物清除剂,例如,β-硫代二丙酸的酯类,例如月桂基酯,硬脂基酯,十四烷基酯或十三烷基酯,巯基苯并咪唑,2-巯基苯并咪唑的锌盐,二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌酯,二十八烷基二硫化物,季戊四醇(β-十二烷基巯基)丙酸酯。
6.聚酰胺稳定剂,例如结合碘化物和/或磷化合物的铜盐,以及二价锰盐类。
7.碱性共同稳定剂,例如蜜胺,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,二氰二酰胺,氰脲酸三烯丙基酯,脲衍生物,肼衍生物,胺类,聚酰胺,聚氨基甲酸酯(聚氨酯类),碱金属和碱土金属的高脂肪酸盐类,例如硬脂酸钙盐,硬脂酸锌盐,山俞酯镁盐,硬脂酸镁盐,蓖麻酸钠盐,棕榈酸钾盐,邻苯二酚锑酯或邻苯二酚锡酯。
8.成核剂,例如苯甲酸,4-叔丁基苯甲酸,己二酸,二苯基乙酸及其盐类,磷酸盐,膦酸盐,次膦酸盐及其酸类或盐类,或澄清剂,例如二亚苄基山梨糖醇的衍生物。
9.填充料和增强剂,例如,碳酸钙,硅酸盐,玻璃纤维,石棉,滑石粉,高岭土,云母,硫酸钡,金属的氧化物和氢氧化物,炭黑,石墨。
10.其它添加剂,例如增塑剂,润滑剂,乳化剂,颜料,荧光增白剂,耐火剂,抗静电剂,发泡剂。
可以在加入本发明的稳定剂的同时,之前或之后,向聚合物中加入上述的添加剂。上述添加剂及本发明的稳定剂,可以以固体状,溶液或熔融状,或者以液体或固体混合物状的母炼胶物/提浓物方式加入到聚合物中。
用下列实施例表现出据本发明制备的化合物的优良特性,但它并不限制其在相似领域中的适用性。
制备实例1(产品1)
把由0.16摩尔二苯基,0.42摩尔氯化铝和0.35摩尔磷的三氯化物所组成的弗瑞德-克来福特反应生成物加入由0.63摩尔2,4-二叔丁基苯酚和溶于220毫升异辛烷的102毫升的吡啶所组成的溶液中。经过在约85℃、2小时的反应后,加入220毫升异辛烷以分离除掉所生成的铝配合物,用0.026摩尔的氧化钙和0.026摩尔的水混合所得的反应产物溶液。将混合物搅拌1小时,室温中过滤掉其中的固体物,真空下除掉溶剂,然后把熔状的残余物倒出,固化成如浅黄色透明玻璃状的物质。
制备实例2(产品2)
把由0.16摩尔二苯基,0.42摩尔氯化铝和0.35摩尔磷的三氯化物所组成的弗瑞德-克来福特反应生成物加入由0.63摩尔2,4-二叔丁基苯酚和溶于220毫升异辛烷的102毫升的吡啶所组成的溶液中。经过在约85℃、2小时的反应后,加入220毫升异辛烷以分离除掉所生成的铝配合物,用0.032摩尔氢氧化钙和0.032摩尔的水混合所得的反应产物溶液。将混合物搅拌1小时,室温中过滤掉其中的固体物,真空下除掉溶剂,然后把熔状的残余物倒出,固化成如浅黄色透明玻璃状的物质。
制备实例3(产品3)
把由0.16摩尔二苯基,0.42摩尔氯化铝和0.35摩尔磷的三氯化物所组成的弗瑞德-克来福特反应生成物加入由0.63摩尔2,4-二叔丁基苯酚和溶于220毫升异辛烷的102毫升的吡啶所组成的溶液中。经过在约85℃、2小时的反应后,加入220毫升异辛烷以分离除掉所生成的铝配合物,用0.016摩尔氧化钙和0.016摩尔的氢氧化钠溶液(30重量%)混合所得的反应产物溶液。将混合物搅拌1小时,室温中过滤掉其中的固体物,真空下除掉溶剂,然后把熔状的残余物倒出,固化成如浅黄色透明玻璃状的物质。
制备实例4(产品4)
把由0.16摩尔二苯基,0.42摩尔氯化铝和0.35摩尔磷的三氯化物所组成的弗瑞德-克来福特反应生成物加入由0.63摩尔2,4-二叔丁基苯酚和溶于220毫升异辛烷的102毫升的吡啶所组成的溶液中。经过在约85℃、2小时的反应后,加入220毫升异辛烷以分离除掉所生成的铝配合物,用0.016摩尔的氢氧化钠溶液(30重量%)混合所得的反应产物溶液。将混合物搅拌1小时,室温中过滤掉其中的固体物,真空下除掉溶剂,然后把熔状的残余物倒出,固化成如浅黄色透明玻璃状的物质。
制备实例5(产品5)
把由0.16摩尔二苯基,0.42摩尔氯化铝和0.35摩尔磷的三氯化物所组成的弗瑞德-克来福特反应生成物加入由0.63摩尔2,4-二叔丁基苯酚和溶于220毫升异辛烷的102毫升的吡啶所组成的溶液中。经过在约85℃、2小时的反应后,加入220毫升异辛烷以分离除掉所生成的铝配合物,用0.016摩尔尿素和0.008摩尔水混合所得的反应产物溶液。将混合物搅拌1小时,室温中过滤掉其中的固体物,真空下除掉溶剂,然后把熔状的残余物倒出,固化成如浅黄色透明玻璃状的物质。
制备实例6(产品6)
把由0.16摩尔二苯基,0.42摩尔氯化铝和0.35摩尔磷的三氯化物所组成的弗瑞德-克来福特反应生成物加入由0.63摩尔2,4-二叔丁基苯酚和溶于220毫升异辛烷的102毫升的吡啶所组成的溶液中。经过在约85℃、2小时的反应后,加入220毫升异辛烷以分离除掉所生成的铝配合物,用0.045摩尔尿素混合所得的反应产物溶液。将混合物搅拌1小时,室温中过滤掉其中的固体物,真空下除掉溶剂,然后把熔状的残余物倒出,固化成如浅黄色透明玻璃状的物质。
制备实例7(产品7)
把由0.16摩尔二苯基,0.42摩尔氯化铝和0.35摩尔磷的三氯化物所组成的弗瑞德-克来福特反应生成物加入由0.63摩尔2,4-二叔丁基苯酚和溶于220毫升异辛烷的102毫升的吡啶所组成的溶液中。经过在约85℃、2小时的反应后,加入220毫升异辛烷以分离除掉所生成的铝配合物,用0.0065摩尔氧化钙和0.026摩尔水混合所得的反应产物溶液。将混合物搅拌1小时,室温中过滤掉其中的固体物,真空下除掉溶剂,然后把熔状的残余物倒出,固化成如浅黄色透明玻璃状的物质。
在下列应用实例中,所用的对比参照物是一种亚膦酸盐。它是市场上可购得的Clariant Huningue S.A.的Sandostab P-EPQ产品,它是根据英国专利文献GB 1372528的实例12制得的。
应用实例A
清晰溶解性的比较
把各为10克的上述产物1~6和对比参照物分别溶解于90克的异辛烷中,各形成10%浓度的溶液。根据本发明制备的产品1~6的溶液都呈无色透明液,而对比参照物的溶液则是不透明,并在静置短时间后形成沉淀。其结果是,根据本发明的产品,作为均质溶液,添加剂特别适合加入到均匀涂料系统与它们的预聚合物组份中,而且通常也用于透明的最终产品中,例如涂料,粉末涂料,聚碳酸酯,聚苯乙烯,聚乙烯对苯二甲酸酯,聚丁烯对苯二甲酸酯,聚氯乙烯,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯或环烯属共聚物(COC),也就是说,任何一个只含有少量结晶成份,但呈现高度非结晶性的聚合物。
应用实例B
氯化物含量的比较
用带有电势测定端头的,用于测定悬浮于水中的物质的银量滴定方法,测定有关物质的氯化物或可水解氯的含量,发现根据本发明制备的产品1~4的氯化物含量比对比参照物的氯化物含量明显地降低。
氯化物含量 | 产品1 | 产品2 | 产品3 | 产品4 | 产品5 | 产品6 | 对比参照物 |
% | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.15 | 0.29 | 0.86 |
本发明的产品中的氯化物含量,以一个数量级明显地降低,说明可以不用增加更多的物质和费用就可以对现有技术进行有效的改进。
应用实例C
铝含量的比较
用AES/ICP方法测定铝含量,发现根据本发明制备的产品1~6的铝含量比对比参照物的铝含量明显地降低。
铝含量 | 产品1 | 产品2 | 产品3 | 产品4 | 产品5 | 产品6 | 对比参照物 |
ppm | 275 | 330 | 450 | 400 | 250 | 500 | 940 |
本发明的产品中铝含量的降低,说明可以不用增加更多的物质和费用就可对现有技术进行有效的改进。
应用实例D
应用试验
样品制备:在一个混合器中把下述干燥的物料:
100份的LLDPE(直线型低密度聚乙烯,Mitsubishi F-30 FG-N)粉末
0.07份的位阻苯酚(Irganox 1076)及
0.075、0.10或0.125份的相关稳定剂
相互混合,并且首先放在一个Collin单螺杆挤压机中,在210℃下均匀搅拌混合。接着在成粒后,将上述物料放入一个Gottfert Extrusiometer挤压机中(压缩1∶3,70分-1),在240℃下挤压5次并成粒化。在第一,第三和第五个行程后,每次测定其熔体流动指数(MFI)(Zwick,190℃,2.16公斤),测得结果如下表所示:
MFI[g/10min] | Conc.[phr] | 产品1 | 产品2 | 对比参照物 |
第一行程 | 0.0750.1000.125 | 1.000.990.98 | 0.990.970.98 | 0.980.980.98 |
第三行程 | 0.0750.1000.125 | 0.930.970.99 | 0.940.990.99 | 0.910.990.98 |
第五行程 | 0.0750.1000.125 | 0.740.930.94 | 0.760.970.97 | 0.700.870.82 |
如表所示,本发明的产品1和产品2的稳定性作用都比对比参照物的稳定性作用有所改进。特别是当需要较高的稳定性作用时,即以较高的MFI值表示(LLDPE主要是因受交联作用而降解的,导致MFI值降低),而且尽可能保持该MFI值不变,特别是在第五次挤压行程后。
应实用实例E
应用试验
样品制备:在一个混合器中把下述干燥的物料:
100份的PP(聚丙烯,Solvay Polyolefins Eltex P HL001PF)粉末
0.05份的位阻苯酚(Irganox 1010)及各自的
0.04份的相关稳定剂
0.07份的相关稳定剂
分别进行混合,并且首先放在一个Collin单螺杆挤压机中,在210℃下均匀搅拌。接着在成粒后,将上述物料放入一个GottfertExtrusiometer(压缩1∶3,50分-1)挤压机中,在270℃下挤压5次,并成粒化。在第一,第三与第五个行程后,每次测定其熔体流动指数(MFI)(Zwick,230℃,2.16公斤),测得结果如下表所示:
MFI[/10min]0.04份稳定剂 | 产品2 | 产品7 | 对比参照物 |
第一行程 | 3.17 | 3.48 | 4.34 |
第三行程 | 4.61 | 5.83 | 8.80 |
第五行程 | 7.22 | 10.20 | 15.10 |
MFI[/10min]0.07份稳定剂 | 产品2 | 产品7 | 对比参照物 |
第一行程 | 2.58 | 2.75 | 2.81 |
第三行程 | 2.80 | 3.72 | 4.15 |
第五行程 | 3.76 | 4.62 | 6.11 |
如表所示,本发明产品2和7的稳定性作用都比对比参照物的稳定性作用有所改进,特别是当需要较高的稳定性作用时,即以较低的MFI值表示(PP是由于断链作用而降解的,导致MFI值增高),而且尽可能保持该MFI值不变,特别是在第五次挤压行程后。
我们发现稳定性作用与浓度无关。即稳定剂的用量没有最少限制,即使用少量的根据本发明制备的稳定剂也会比现有技术的稳定剂(对比参照物),在各种聚合物中显示出更好的稳定性作用。
Claims (10)
1.具有下列化学式(I)的亚膦酸盐或亚次膦酸盐的制备方法,式中的
Aryl表示一个取代或未取代的芳基或杂芳基;
R表示一个含有1~36个碳原子的有机基,它也可含有杂原子;
A可以是R或OR;
其中使具有下列化学式(II)的弗瑞德-克来福特反应生成物,式中的
Aryl如同上述含义;
Hal是卤素;
A’是Hal或R;
与一个具有下列化学式(III)的化合物进行反应,
R-OH (III)
式中的R具有如同上述含义。其中分离除掉所形成的副反应产物,其特征在于,用一个亲质子化合物,如醇、氨、伯胺或仲胺类或水,或用一个金属的氧化物、氢氧化物、碳酸(氢)盐或磷酸(氢)盐、或用一个含氮化合物,如碳酸酰胺类、硫代碳酸酰胺类、碳酸酰亚胺、硫代碳酸酰亚胺、内酰胺、硫代内酰胺、碳酸酰肼、脲、硫脲、对称和不对称取代的脲与硫脲的衍生物、尿烷(氨基甲酸乙酯)、尿酰亚胺,以及胍及其盐或蜜胺及其衍生物,包括所有上述物质的聚合物,或者用一个或多个上述化合物的相配合物质,在没有溶剂或在一个惰性的非极性溶剂中进行后处理,使生成物中的副产物再次被分离除掉。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于用一个亲质子化合物和一个金属的氧化物,氢氧化物,碳酸(氢)盐或磷酸(氢)盐的结合物料进行上述后处理。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征是用一个亲质子化合物与一个含氮化合物的结合物料进行上述后处理。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征是用一个金属的氧化物,氢氧化物,碳酸(氢)盐或磷酸(氢)盐与一个含氮化合物的结合物料进行上述后处理。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征是用一个亲质子化合物与一个金属的氧化物,氢氧化物,碳酸(氢)盐或磷酸(氢)盐以及一个含氮化合物的结合物料进行上述后处理。
6.根据权利要求1的方法使弗瑞德-克来福特反应生成物(II)与具有化学式(III)的羟基化合物进行反应,并随之净化后制得的具有化学式(I)的亚膦酸盐或亚次膦酸盐,其特征是产品中的氯化物或可水解氯的含量,根据银量滴定法测得,低于0.5%。
7.根据权利要求1的方法使弗瑞德-克来福特反应生成物(II)与具有化学式(III)的羟基化合物进行反应,并随之净化后制得的具有化学式(I)的亚膦酸盐或亚次膦酸盐,其特征是产品中的铝含量,根据AES/ICP法测得,低于500ppm。
8.根据权利要求6或7的亚膦酸盐,它是通过2,4-二叔丁基苯酚与由二苯基和磷的三氯化物所生成的弗瑞德-克来福特反应生成物进行反应制得的。
9.根据权利要求1~8的方法所制备的亚膦酸盐或亚次膦酸的用途,其中可用于对有机基(底)物的稳定性作用。
10.根据权利要求9的用途,其中可用于透明物质。
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EP (1) | EP1028966B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4584451B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100563947B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1215075C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE209653T1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9906616B1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69900491T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2168869T3 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1032593A1 (zh) |
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CN104860990A (zh) * | 2015-05-14 | 2015-08-26 | 营口市风光化工有限公司 | 一种亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂p-epq的制备方法 |
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JP3835169B2 (ja) * | 1999-01-06 | 2006-10-18 | 株式会社エーピーアイ コーポレーション | ホスホナイト化合物の製造方法 |
TWI226351B (en) * | 2000-07-14 | 2005-01-11 | Clariant Int Ltd | Synergistic mixtures of phosphorus-containing compounds for stabilizing polymers |
WO2002022707A1 (fr) * | 2000-09-12 | 2002-03-21 | Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha | Catalyseur de polymerisation pour polyester, polyester ainsi obtenu, et procede de production de polyester |
DE10226732A1 (de) * | 2002-06-14 | 2004-01-08 | Clariant Gmbh | Mischungen aus einem Phosphonit und anderen Komponenten |
CN108459015B (zh) * | 2018-05-04 | 2020-11-27 | 濮阳市盛源能源科技股份有限公司 | 一种用于生产异辛烷的醚后碳四原料气中硅含量的检测方法 |
JP7466742B1 (ja) | 2023-05-29 | 2024-04-12 | 住友化学株式会社 | プロピレン系樹脂組成物 |
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CH633297A5 (de) * | 1977-09-16 | 1982-11-30 | Sandoz Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von fluorenphosphoniten. |
US4764634A (en) * | 1986-01-06 | 1988-08-16 | Akzo America Inc. | Preparation of organic phosphinites |
GB8901517D0 (en) * | 1989-01-24 | 1989-03-15 | Sandoz Ltd | Improvements in or relating to organic compounds |
US5856550A (en) * | 1994-04-05 | 1999-01-05 | Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation | Enhancement of the storage stability of organic phosphites and phosphonites |
JPH08253491A (ja) * | 1995-01-20 | 1996-10-01 | Yoshitomi Pharmaceut Ind Ltd | ホスホナイト化合物の製造法 |
EP0725072A1 (de) * | 1995-01-31 | 1996-08-07 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Arylphosphinigsäurealkylestern |
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JP3835169B2 (ja) * | 1999-01-06 | 2006-10-18 | 株式会社エーピーアイ コーポレーション | ホスホナイト化合物の製造方法 |
DE19923617C2 (de) * | 1999-05-25 | 2001-10-31 | Clariant Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Phosphinsäureestern |
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CN104860990A (zh) * | 2015-05-14 | 2015-08-26 | 营口市风光化工有限公司 | 一种亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂p-epq的制备方法 |
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ES2168869T3 (es) | 2002-06-16 |
MXPA00002613A (es) | 2001-03-31 |
EP1028966B1 (en) | 2001-11-28 |
BR9906616B1 (pt) | 2011-06-28 |
KR20010015644A (ko) | 2001-02-26 |
EP1028966A1 (en) | 2000-08-23 |
ATE209653T1 (de) | 2001-12-15 |
BR9906616A (pt) | 2000-09-19 |
US6388121B2 (en) | 2002-05-14 |
HK1032593A1 (en) | 2001-07-27 |
DE69900491D1 (de) | 2002-01-10 |
CN1215075C (zh) | 2005-08-17 |
JP2002525287A (ja) | 2002-08-13 |
DE69900491T2 (de) | 2002-05-23 |
US6362358B1 (en) | 2002-03-26 |
JP4584451B2 (ja) | 2010-11-24 |
US20020010356A1 (en) | 2002-01-24 |
TWI224105B (en) | 2004-11-21 |
WO2000012518A1 (en) | 2000-03-09 |
MX210830B (es) | 2002-10-11 |
KR100563947B1 (ko) | 2006-03-29 |
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