CN1272963C - 动态影像去交错算法的选择方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种动态影像去交错算法的选择方法,包括:检视播放系统硬件资源,当播放系统硬件资源符合线段去交错算法执行条件时,选择线段去交错算法以执行去交错处理;当播放系统硬件资源不符合线段去交错算法执行条件时,再检视输入影像是否含有P画面(Predicted frame;P-frame)资料。当输入影像资料含有P画面资料时,播放系统可选择区块去交错算法来执行去交错处理,进而可再选择是否以全图为处理单位,以决定一图框去交错算法,以及一视场去交错算法,进而提供观赏者较佳画质的动态影像输出与选择弹性。
Description
技术领域
本发明是关于一种影像的去交错处理的方法,特别是有关于一种可依播放系统性能与输入影像编码条件决定的动态影像去交错算法的选择方法。
背景技术
在数字化趋势的下,多媒体应用蓬勃发展,因此影音播放及显示系统也随着潮流而必须具有将模拟信号转移至数字信号的功能。以目前模拟电视的扫描标准而言,计有National Television StandardsCommittee(NTSC)及Phase Alternation by Line(PAL)两种扫描方式。在日本或美国是采用NTSC方式,以525条的扫描线来构成一个图框(frame)(或称为画面),也就是以1秒30图框的速度重复显示。但构成一个图框的525扫描线并非一次扫描就完成,而是以隔行扫描的方式来重现一个画面。换句话说,在第1条扫描线完成后,紧接而来的并非第2线,而是以3、5、7的顺序进行,直至第525线,然后再回到第2线,然后以4、6、8的顺序重复进行,因此实际上所获得光滑且清晰的图框,是由奇数、偶数、奇数的方式去构成的,这就是「隔行扫描」,也称为「交错扫描(Interlacing)」的编辑方式。详言之,交错视频信号是由两个视场(field)所组成,其中每一个视场只包含影像的奇数线或偶数线。在进行影像捕捉(image capture)时,电视摄影机会在一个瞬间输出影像的奇数线,然后在16.7毫秒后,再输出影像的偶数线。在输出影像的奇数线及偶数线的过程之间,会产生一个时间的位移(temporal shift),而该时间的位移必须要在以图框基准(framebased)来处理的系统中被定位。此方式在静态影像的播放时固然可得到画质良好的画面,但对于动态影像而言,则会在影像的边缘产生锯齿状(serration)而影响画质,即所谓的毛边(feathering)现象。此外,由于奇数场和偶数场是由一半的扫描线(即262.5条线)所组成,因此每个奇数场和偶数场只有原来影像一半的分辨率(resolution),因此当画面放大时,观赏者便会感到扫描线粗大,甚至会觉得画面模糊。基于交错扫描具有前述缺点,「顺序扫描(progressive scan)」技术已被提出。「顺序扫描」是以1、2、3连续至525条线,一次顺序描绘出所有的扫描线,并且以1秒60个画面的速度重现,因此其扫描速度是交错扫描的两倍,所显示的画面较为纤细清晰,也因此目前先进的影音设备大都已采用此方式来扫描及显示。
然而,由于NTSC系统的影像信号仍是采用交错扫描方式,因此若将此交错扫描所组成的画面在「顺序扫描」的显示系统来显示时,例如将一经由交错扫描编辑成的DVD影片,直接在高分辨率电视(HDTV)上播放时,则只能显示奇数场和偶数场的画面,因此会使得影像的分辨率变差而必须使用「去交错(De-interlace)」的技术来克服。换句话说,「去交错」就是在交错扫描转换成顺序扫描过程中,用以避免产生影像对准误差(misalignment)的一种方法。
此外,在动态影像压缩技术中,目前均使用MPEG(Motion PicturesExperts Group)的压缩标准来执行。在MPEG压缩(或称为编码)过程中,采用了3种不同的方式来压缩每个画面,即I画面(Intra-frame)、B画面(Bi-directional frame)跟P画面(Predicted frame)。其中I画面将画面分割为16×16像素(pixel)的宏区块(macro block)来处理,而每个宏区块又可由4个8×8像素的亮度(Luminance;Y)区块、一个8×8像素的Cr区块及一个8×8像素的Cb区块组成,并且不需要考虑与其它画面之间的关系,其所储存的是一张完整的画面;P画面同样是以宏区块为单位,以前面的I画面作为参考图像,利用移动补偿(motion compensation)技巧将一画面与其参考画面(referenceframe)的位移差异加以计算与储存,以根据此计算所得的移动向量(Motion Vector;MV)显示该影像为一动态影像;B画面的原理跟P画面的原理相同,只是它的每一个宏区块的参考画面可以是从前面的I画面(或P画面),也可以是后面的P画面(或I画面)得到,或者是两者的平均。
现行的激光视盘(Video CD;VCD)或多功能数字光盘(DVD)使用交错扫描系统所拍摄的影像编辑而成,故其播放时仍是以交错处理来构成一画面,因此为了避免此交错扫描所组成的画面在顺序扫描的显示系统显示时产生的相关问题,去交错算法的选用不可或缺。然而,在VCD或DVD编辑过程中,对于将一些影音资料以静态影像压缩标准(Joint Photographic Experts Group;JPEG)或是只以MPEG标准的I画面编辑在一片光盘,以及影像完全未经压缩的情况,由于动态影像可能仅包含了I画面的编码资料,或是完全只有动态影像的影像资料,因此当影音播放系统在播放此类光盘影像时,就会因为无法检测到移动向量而产生译码不兼容(incompatible)的所谓”挑片”问题,致使影音播放系统无法播放此类未提供移动向量的影片,而造成观赏者的不方便。此外,对于某些未提供选择机制的影音播放系统而言,当受限于硬件性能的限制,例如内存不足,以及频宽不够大时,某些需要较多系统硬件需求相配合的去交错算法将无法执行,却又缺乏选择去交错算法相关机制,因而无法显示最佳的影像品质。
发明内容
有鉴于去交错法对于影音播放系统的输出画质改善的重要性,以及增进使用者操作的便利性与弹性诸多考量,本发明提供一种动态影像去交错算法的选择方法,包括下述步骤:
首先,检视播放系统硬件资源,当播放系统硬件资源符合线段去交错算法的执行条件时,依据动态影像编码信息选择线段去交错算法;以及,当播放系统硬件资源不符合线段去交错算法的执行条件时,再检视该播放系统硬件资源是否为P画面资料;其中该播放系统硬件资源为P画面的资料时,则依据动态影像编码信息选择一区块去交错算法。其中该播放系统硬件资源不为P画面资料,则依据动态影像编码信息选择以全图为处理单位的去交错算法。其中,以全图为处理单位的去交错算法可为一图框去交错算法,以及一视场去交错算法,而其选择分别根据以图框及以视场为去交错处理单位而定。
本发明尚提供一种动态影像去交错算法的选择方法,包括:
分别至少计算该动态影像执行一线段去交错算法、一区块去交错算法、一图框去交错算法,以及一视场去交错算法所需的硬件资源,以产生复数个计算结果;
分别比较该播放系统硬件资源以及该复数个计算结果,输出该播放系统硬件资源可执行的去交错法名称,以产生该可选择去交错法选单;
显示该可选择去交错法选单,供该播放系统使用者选择一去交错法。
通过本发明以选择适用于解决影音播放系统(例如VCD及DVDPlayer)的扫描显示方式转换,以及兼容性等问题的诸多去交错处理方法,不仅使得播放系统能够依据硬件性能、动态影像编码信息与去交错处理单位大小来选择一较佳的去交错算法,以获得良好画质的动态影像输出,并且尚可利用播放系统所具有的自动选择功能,使操作者不须经过繁复的操作程序就能观赏,增进了使用选择的多样性与便利性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的动态影像去交错法选择方法流程图。
具体实施方式
由于本发明中所利用到的一些压缩标准及编码相关的技术及方法,已于先前技术中详细说明,故下述说明中对于压缩技术的描述并不包括其完整流程。同时本发明对MPEG压缩技术所沿用的现有编码(encoding)及译码(decoding)技艺,在此仅作重点式的引用,以助本发明的阐述。而且下述内文中的方块图,亦并未依据实际的相关位置及完整的连接图来绘制,其作用仅在表达与本发明特征有关的示意图。
如前所述,经过去交错处理的动态影像可获得较佳的画质(Imagequality),而去交错处理可分为线段去交错处理(Line-segmentDe-interlacing)、区块去交错处理(Block-based De-interlacing)、视场去交错处理(Field-based De-interlacing)以及图框去交错处理(Frame-based De-interlacing)等,并且这些去交错处理又依输入影像的编码方式及播放系统的性能才能执行。去交错处理与输入影像的编码方式、播放系统的性能以及画质间的关系可表示于下表中:
画质 | 播放系统硬件性能要求 | 输入影像编码条件 | |
图框去交错 | 好(good) | 一般(simple) | 不限制 |
视场去交错 | 好(good) | 一般(simple) | 不限制 |
区块去交错 | 很好(very good) | 最低;最简单(simplest) | 需要含有P-picture |
线段去交错 | 最好(best) | 最高;最复杂(complicated) | 不限制 |
由上表可知,线段去交错处理可获得最佳的影像画质,这是因为线段去交错处理是以像素为单位来进行去交错处理,因此对输入影像的编码方式就没有限制,但因为其资料的处理及计算量均很大,因此对播放系统的性能与资源就有较复杂与较高的要求。举例来说,由于线段去交错处理须对每一线段的特征值进行存取,因此需要使用一定空间的内存作为特征值缓冲器,以一个720×460像素的画面而言,其影像的分辨率为331,200个像素,若以每一个像素作为一个线段宽度(即最小线段宽度)进行线段去交错处理时,则需使用约340K Byte的内存空间。对于区块去交错处理而言,可获得的画质仅次于线段去交错处理,系因为区块去交错处理是以宏区块为单位(即16×16像素),并撷取宏区块内所含有的移动向量来进行去交错处理,因此输入的影像的编码资料中就必须包含P画面的信息(因为移动向量是编码在P画面中,请参考背景说明);由于区块去交错处理系撷取输入影像的移动向量值,因此并未额外增加硬件需求,故其对播放系统的资源要求最低。对于视场去交错处理,由于其是依据各个奇数视场(odd field ortop field)与偶数视场(even field or bottom field)的移动向量值相加结果进行去交错处理,因此其输入影像的编码资料中须包含P画面信息才可获得很好的画质。最后是图框去交错处理,其运用每个图框中的亮度值(Y值)进行去交错处理,可获得不错的画质,但是其输入影像的编码资料不需要包含P画面。
据此,本发明提供一种动态影像去交错算法的选择方法,包括:检视播放系统硬件资源,当播放系统硬件资源符合线段去交错算法执行条件时,选择线段去交错算法执行去交错处理并输出一动态影像;当播放系统硬件资源不符合线段去交错算法执行条件时,再检视输入影像资料是否含有P画面资料;当输入影像资料含有P画面资料时,播放系统选择区块去交错算法来执行去交错处理;当输入影像资料未含有P画面的资料时,播放系统选择以全图为处理单位的去交错算法来执行去交错处理。其中,前述的以全图为处理单位的去交错算法可为一图框去交错算法,以及一视场去交错算法。
为了更明确地说明本发明的动态影像去交错算法的选择方法,可参考第一图以说明其流程。首先,经由步骤110对播放系统进行自测(build-in test),于步骤120检视(detecting)播放系统硬件资源是否能够支持线段去交错处理的执行,若检视结果为播放系统的硬件性能可支持线段去交错处理时,则选择步骤130,以线段去交错处理来执行动态影像的去交错处理。另一方面,若检视结果为播放系统的硬件性能无法支持线段去交错处理时,例如硬件内存或是硬件的频宽不足以支持线段去交错算法的执行,则于步骤140检视输入影像中是否含有P画面信息。当检视出输入影像中含有P画面信息时,则选择步骤150,以区块去交错算法来执行动态影像的去交错处理。当检视出输入影像中未含有P画面信息时,则选择步骤160,选择以图框及视场二者的一为去交错单位;若以图框为单位,则于步骤170选择图框去交错处理来执行动态影像的去交错处理;若以视场为单位,则于步骤180选择视场去交错处理来执行动态影像的去交错处理。其中,图框及视场去交错处理的功能,则可由观赏者以人工控制来选择,例如利用遥控器来指定播放系统的选单画面及选项,以选择视场去交错算法来执行动态影像的去交错处理。另外,若观赏者决定由自行选择一种去交错算法加以执行,则系统可依据前述去交错算法的比较结果,以及该播放系统的硬件资源检视结果,提供一选单选项供观赏者选择一预设的去交错算法其中之一。
如前所述,常对于播放系统硬件资源要求较高的去交错算法往往能够产生较佳画质的输出动态影像,而画质此一考量通常是播放系统使用者对观赏影像的首要要求,因此本发明尚提供另一实施例,以画质作为去交错法选择依据,其说明如下:首先,分别至少计算输入的动态影像执行一线段去交错算法、一区块去交错算法、一图框去交错算法,以及一视场去交错算法等去交错算法所需的硬件资源,进而与该播放系统硬件资源比较,然后将该播放系统硬件资源足以执行的去交错法名称输出至一可选择去交错法选单,以供使用者选取其中的一选项。接着,显示所产生的可选择去交错法选单,供该播放系统使用者选择一去交错法,作为一动态影像的去交错处理依据。其中,该选单可包括一系统默认值选项,以增加使用者希望由系统自选一去交错法以进行去交错处理的弹性。
在此一提,由于本发明系提供一种动态影像去交错法的选择方式,因此关于本说明书所提及的线段去交错处理、区块去交错处理、视场去交错处理以及图框去交错处理等算法的详细说明,尚可参考与本发明相关的专利申请案:「用影像线段为操作单位的去交错方法」,以及「用影像视场或影像方块为操作单位的去交错方法」。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非用以限定本发明的申请专利权利;同时以上的描述,对于熟知本技术领域的专门人士应可明了及实施,因此其它未脱离本发明所揭示的精神下所完成的等效改变或修饰,均应包含在所述的申请专利范围中。
Claims (6)
1.一种动态影像去交错算法的选择方法,该方法步骤包括:
检视一播放系统硬件资源;
当该播放系统硬件资源符合一线段去交错算法的执行条件时,依据动态影像编码信息选择线段去交错算法;以及
当该播放系统硬件资源不符合线段去交错算法的执行条件时,检视该播放系统硬件资源是否为P画面资料,其中该播放系统硬件资源为P画面资料,则依据动态影像编码信息选择一区块去交错算法。
2.如权利要求1所述的动态影像去交错算法的选择方法,其中该播放系统硬件资源不为P画面资料,则依据动态影像编码信息选择以全图为去交错处理单位的去交错算法。
3.如权利要求2所述的动态影像去交错算法的选择方法,其中以全图为去交错处理单位的去交错算法为一图框去交错算法。
4.如权利要求2所述的动态影像去交错算法的选择方法,其中以全图为去交错处理单位的去交错算法为一视场去交错算法。
5.如权利要求1所述的动态影像去交错算法的选择方法,包括利用一选单显示可选择的去交错算法种类于一显示媒介,并以一应用于该播放系统的输入装置供使用者选择。
6.一种动态影像去交错算法的选择方法,包括:
分别至少计算该动态影像执行一线段去交错算法、一区块去交错算法、一图框去交错算法,以及一视场去交错算法所需的硬件资源,以产生复数个计算结果;
分别比较该播放系统硬件资源以及该复数个计算结果,输出该播放系统硬件资源可执行的去交错法名称,以产生该可选择去交错法选单;
显示该可选择去交错法选单,供该播放系统使用者选择一去交错法。
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