CN1523887A - 可调适图框速率转换的方法及装置 - Google Patents

可调适图框速率转换的方法及装置 Download PDF

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CN1523887A
CN1523887A CNA2004100038946A CN200410003894A CN1523887A CN 1523887 A CN1523887 A CN 1523887A CN A2004100038946 A CNA2004100038946 A CN A2004100038946A CN 200410003894 A CN200410003894 A CN 200410003894A CN 1523887 A CN1523887 A CN 1523887A
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熊家豪
曹盛哲
邱安德
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Abstract

一种可调适图框速率转换的方法及装置,包含:一移动向量提取单元,提取输入影像的各区块的移动向量;一移动向量计算单元,比较及计算各区块的移动向量,其中,分别将所提取的各区块的移动向量先与第一限定值做比较,继而累加其移动向量超出第一限定值的区块个数进而产生一移动判断值;一微处理器,比较移动判断值与第二限定值,产生一比较结果以供选取适当的图框速率转换方式;一视频处理单元,依据微处理器的选取,执行抽掉/插入图框的图框速率转换方式或抽掉/插入图场的图框速率转换方式;以及一存储器单元,储存视频数据以供视频处理单元提取及处理。

Description

可调适图框速率转换的方法及装置
技术领域
本发明是有关于图框速率的转换,特别是有关于一种用于视频格式转换技术中可调适图框速率转换的方法及装置。
背景技术
传统的视频格式转换技术是以抽掉/插入图框的方式来进行图框速率的转换。例如:欲将NTSC视频格式转换成PAL视频格式时,由于NTSC的视频格式为每秒钟30张图框(30 frames/sec),而PAL的视频格式则为每秒钟25张图框(25 frames/sec),因此两者之间的图框数差异为每秒钟5张图框,也就是说,NTSC的视频格式在每秒钟的转换过程中必须被抽掉5张图框以符合PAL的视频格式;反之,当PAL的视频格式在被转换成NTSC的视频格式的过程中,则必须被插入5张图框以符合NTSC的视频格式。如图1A所示,每隔6张NTSC视频格式的图框必须被抽掉1张以符合所要转换的PAL视频格式的每秒钟图框数,因此,图框F05、F11......等,在每秒钟的转换过程中会被抽离而舍弃不用。藉此,图框数由每秒钟30张图框降至每秒钟25张图框,而完成不同视频格式间的图框速率转换。反之,如图1B所示,每隔5张PAL视频格式的图框必须被插入1张图框以符合所要转换的NTSC视频格式的每秒图框数,因此,图框F04、F09......等,在每秒钟的转换过程中会被复制且插入成为图框F041、F091......等,藉此,图框数由每秒钟25张图框增至每秒钟30张图框而完成不同视频格式间的图框速率转换。上述的图框速率转换方式并非仅局限于NTSC及PAL的视频规格。
然而,所述的抽掉/插入图框的转换方式对于影像快速移动的画面容易产生跳格/停顿的现象,因为抽掉一张图框会导致此图框的相邻两图框间的时间跳跃间距变大,而使得影像的连续性降低;反之,插入一张图框则会因相同的图框停留播放两次,而导致影像有停顿的现象。如图1C所示,图框F01~F03显示一物体A由屏幕的左侧等速移动至屏幕的右侧,此时若抽掉图框F02,如图1D所示,则物体A的移动会变成瞬间由屏幕的左侧跳至屏幕的右侧而造成影像跳格的现象;反之,若插入复制图框F021,如图1E所示,则物体A的移动会变成停留在屏幕中间的时间较长而造成影像停顿的现象。
藉此,另一视频格式转换技术是以抽掉/插入图场的方式来进行图框速率的转换。由于一个图框是由顶场(top field)及底场(bottom field)所组成,因此,抽掉一图场所产生的时间跳跃间距会比抽掉一图框(两个图场)所产生的时间跳跃间距来得小,藉此以降低时间跳跃间距过大在影像快速移动画面中所造成的影响。反之,插入一图场所产生的播放时间停留也会比插入一图框(两个图场)所产生的播放时间停留来得短,藉此以改善影像停顿的现象。
如图2A所示,以每12个图框(24个图场)为一组,抽掉图框F02的底场B02及图框F03的底场B03,并将图框F02的顶场T02与图框F03的顶场T03(视为底场)合并成为一个新图框F021;同理,抽掉图框F08的顶场T08及图框F09的顶场T09,并将图框F08的底场B08(视为顶场)与图框F09的底场B09合并成为一个新图框F081,。藉此方式将NTSC视频格式的图框速率转换成PAL视频格式的图框速率。其中,选择T03而非B03以合成新图框F021,以及选择B08而非T08以合成新图框F081,乃是基于均匀选取的考虑。反之另一方面,如图2B所示,以每5个PAL视频格式的图框(10个图场)为一组,分别复制图框F02的顶场T02及底场B02成为底场B021及顶场T021,再进一步分别合并顶场T02及底场B021成为一新图框F021及合并顶场T021及底场B02成为另一新图框F022,。藉此,将PAL视频格式的图框速率转换成NTSC视频格式的图框速率。经由上述的抽掉/插入图场的方式,改善了时间跳跃间距及播放时间停留在快速移动画面中所产生的影响,进而减少影像跳格/停顿的现象。上述的图框速率转换方式并非仅局限于NTSC及PAL的视频规格。
然而,前述的抽掉/插入图场的转换方式对于连续静态影像的画面并无显著的功效,因为在连续静态影像的画面中抽掉/插入一图框(两个图场)及抽掉/插入一图场后再作处理所产生的转换效果是一样的,但其转换处理程序却比前者所述的方式复杂许多。
以上所述的两种转换方式各有其优缺点,例如:抽掉/插入图框的转换方式可被应用在连续静止画面的转换过程中以加快转换的速度及减少转换的复杂程序;而抽掉/插入图场的方式则可被应用在快速移动画面的转换过程中,藉以减少影像跳格/停顿的现象产生并提高影像的流畅度。所以,如何结合上述的两种转换方式的优点,以及如何在适当的情况下选取适当的转换方式,是此技术领域必然会遭遇的挑战,也是本发明所要解决的问题。
发明内容
鉴于上述的发明背景中,现有技术中的图框速率转换会有影像跳格/停顿及不适应处理程序等问题,本发明提供一种可适应图框速率转换的方法,其步骤包含:首先,比较及计算所提取的各区块的移动向量值,以产生一移动判断值,其中包括先提取输入影像(符合影像编码压缩特性)的各区块的移动向量以计算移动向量值,然后与第一限定值做比较,再累加移动向量超出第一限定值的区块个数以产生一移动判断值。接着将此移动判断值与第二限定值做比较,依据比较结果判断输入影像是静态影像或是动态影像。其中,当输入影像是一静态影像时,则采用抽掉/插入图框的转换方式以减少转换的复杂程序;另一方面,当输入影像是一动态影像时,则采用抽掉/插入图场的转换方式以提高影像的流畅度。
本发明还提供的一种可适应图框速率转换的装置,包含:一移动向量处理单元,是用以提取与计算一输入影像的复数个区块的移动向量,以产生一移动判断值,其中此移动向量处理单元更包含一移动向量提取单元,以提取输入影像的各区块的移动向量;以及一移动向量计算单元,以计算移动向量值与藉以比较,一第一限定值,继而累加此移动向量值超出此第一限定值的区块个数,以产生一移动判断值;一微处理器,将此移动判断值与一第二限定值做比较,藉以判断输入影像是一静态影像或是一动态影像,进而选取适当的图框速率转换方式;一视频处理单元,依据此微处理器的选取结果,执行抽掉/插入图框的转换方式或抽掉/插入图场的转换方式,其中可至一存储器单元提取视频影像。
附图说明
图1A是现有技术中以抽掉图框的转换方式转换NTSC图框速率为PAL图框速率的示意图;
图1B是现有技术中以插入图框的转换方式转换PAL图框速率为NTSC图框速率的示意图;
图1C、D、E是现有技术中以抽掉/插入图框的转换方式所产生的现象;
图2A是现有技术中以抽掉图场的转换方式转换NTSC图框速率为PAL图框速率的示意图;
图2B是现有技术中以插入图场的转换方式转换PAL图框速率为NTSC图框速率的示意图;
图3是本发明的可适应图框速率转换的概要步骤流程图;以及
图4是本发明的一较佳实施例的方块图。
图中的符号说明:
A     物体A
310~330本发明的处理步骤
400   移动向量处理单元
410   移动向量提取单元
420移动向量计算单元
430微处理器
440影像处理单元
450存储器单元
具体实施方式
本发明的一些实施例会详细描述如下。然而,除了详细描述外,本发明还可以广泛地在其它的实施例施行,且本发明的范围不受限定,其以之后的专利范围为准。并且,为提供更清楚的描述及更容易理解本发明,附图内各部分并没有依照其相对尺寸绘图,不相关的细节部分也未完全绘出,以求附图的简洁。
如图3所示,是本发明的可适应图框速率转换的方法的概要步骤流程图。在步骤310中,比较及计算所提取的各区块的移动向量,进而产生一移动判断值,其中,分别将所提取的各区块的移动向量与第一限定值做比较,例如:将一移动向量X轴方向的分量取绝对值加上此移动向量Y轴方向取绝对值的分量后,再与第一限定值做比较,其中上述的第一限定值为一变量值,用以调整判断移动向量的大小。累加移动向量超出第一限定值的区块个数,产生一移动判断值以供判断输入影像是一静态影像或是一动态影像。在步骤320中,将此移动判断值与第二限定值做比较,其中上述的第二限定值为一变量值,用以调整判断影像的移动,若此移动判断值大于第二限定值时,表示此影像为一动态影像,则采用抽掉/插入图场的转换方式;若此移动判断值小于第二限定值时,表示此影像为一静态影像,则采用抽掉/插入图框的转换方式。步骤330及步骤340分别为抽掉/插入图场的转换方式及抽掉/插入图框的转换方式,两者的处理程序已于先前技术中详细描述,在此不再累述。
如图4所示,是本发明的可适应图框速率转换的装置的一较佳实施例方块图。移动向量处理单元400可包括移动向量提取单元410,以及移动向量计算单元420,其中移动向量提取单元410提取输入影像的各区块的移动向量,其中,而输入影像为一符合影像编码压缩特性的影像。移动向量计算单元420比较及计算所提取的各区块的移动向量,其中,分别将所提取的各区块的移动向量先与第一限定值做比较,继而累加移动向量超出第一限定值的区块个数进而产生一移动判断值。微处理器430将移动判断值与第二限定值做比较,产生一比较结果以供判断输入影像是一静态影像或是一动态影像,进而选取适当的图框速率转换方式。其中,当输入影像被判断是一静态影像时,则采用抽掉/插入图框的转换方式以减少转换的复杂程序;当输入影像被判断是一动态影像时,则采用抽掉/插入图场的转换方式以提高影像的流畅度。视频处理单元440依据微处理器430的选取,执行抽掉/插入图框的转换方式或抽掉/插入图场的转换方式。其中,此两种图框速率转换方式的处理程序已于先前技术中详细描述,在此不再累述。存储器单元450储存视频影像资料并根据影像处理单元440所要求的图场/图框地址提供相对应的图场/图框数据。
综合上述,本发明更提供一种选取图框速率转换方式的判断方法,包含:比较及计算所提取的各区块的移动向量,进而产生一移动判断值,其中,分别比较各区块的移动向量与第一限定值(为一变量值用以调整判断移动向量的大小),累加移动向量超出第一限定值的区块个数进而产生移动判断值;以及比较移动判断值与第二限定值(为一变量值用以调整判断输入影像是一静态影像或是一动态影像),藉此判断一输入影像是一静态影像或是一动态影像。而其中分别比较各区块的移动向量与第一限定值的方法如下:
(|motion_vector_x|+|motion_vector_y|)-thresholdl,
其中,motion_vector_x表示一移动向量在X轴方向的分量,motion_vector_y表示此移动向量在Y轴方向的分量,而thresholdl则表示第一限定值。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非用以限定本发明的申请专利范围;凡其它为脱离本发明所揭示的精神下所完成的等效改变或修饰,均应包含在所述的申请专利范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种可调适图框速率转换的方法,包含:
比较及计算所提取的复数个区块的移动向量值,以产生一移动判断值;
比较该移动判断值与一限定值,以决定一图框速率转换方式;以及执行该图框速率转换方式。
2.如权利要求1所述可调适图框速率转换的方法,其中比较及计算所提取的该复数个区块的移动向量值,包括:
分别比较该复数个区块的移动向量值与一第一限定值;
累加该复数个移动向量超出该第一限定值的区块个数,以产生该移动判断值。
3.如权利要求2所述的可调适图框速率转换的方法,其中该复数个区块的移动向量值是一移动向量X轴方向分量的绝对值以及该移动向量Y轴方向分量的绝对值之和。
4.如权利要求1所述的可调适图框速率转换的方法,其中该比较该移动判断值与该限定值是用以判断该输入影像是一静态影像或一动态影像。
5.如权利要求1所述的可调适图框速率转换的方法,包括:
若该移动判断值本质上大于该限定值时,采用一抽掉/插入图场的图框速率转换方式;以及
若该移动判断值本质上小于该限定值时,采用一抽掉/插入图框的图框速率转换方式。
6.一种可调适图框速率转换的装置,包含:
一移动向量提取单元,提取一输入影像的复数个区块的移动向量,其中,该输入影像为一符合影像编码压缩特性的影像;
一移动向量计算单元,比较及计算该复数个区块的移动向量值,进而产生一移动判断值;以及
一微处理器,比较该移动判断值与一限定值,产生一比较结果,以作为选取一图框速率转换方式的依据。
7.如权利要求6所述的可调适图框速率转换的装置,其中该移动向量计算单元是用以分别比较该复数个区块的移动向量值与一第一限定值,继而累加该复数个移动向量值超出该第一限定值的区块个数。
8.如权利要求6所述的可调适图框速率转换的装置,包括一视频处理单元,是用以接收该微处理器的比较结果,以执行一图框速率转换方式。
9.一种可调适图框速率转换的装置,包含:
一移动向量处理单元,是用以提取与计算一输入影像的复数个区块的移动向量,以产生一移动判断值;
一微处理器,比较该移动判断值与一限定值,藉以决定一图框速率转换方式;
一视频处理单元,是用以执行该微处理器所决定的该图框速率转换方式。
10.如权利要求9所述的可调适图框速率转换的装置,其中该移动向量处理单元包括:
一移动向量提取单元,是用以提取一输入影像的复数个区块的移动向量;以及
一移动向量计算单元,是用以根据该移动向量计算该复数个区块的移动向量值,并且与一可调整的第一限定值比较,以产生该移动判断值。
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