CN1272271C - 有薄的多层薄膜的防晒和/或隔热窗玻璃 - Google Patents
有薄的多层薄膜的防晒和/或隔热窗玻璃 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明的目的是一种窗玻璃,该窗玻璃包括至少一种透明基材,其上带有薄的多层薄膜,该多层薄膜包括交替的n层功能层和n+1层涂层,该功能层具有在红外光区和/或太阳辐射范围中的反射性能,该涂层由一层或多层电介质材料层组成,以便每个功能层置于两个涂层之间。至少一层可见光吸收层插入在至少一层所述涂层的两层电介质材料层之间。
Description
本发明涉及透明的基材,特别是硬的无机材料的基材,例如玻璃(或有机材料,例如硬的或软的聚合物基材)制成的透明基材,所述的基材覆盖有薄的多层薄膜(empilement de couches minces),此薄的多层薄膜包括至少一层具有能对太阳辐射和/或长波长红外辐射起作用的金属类性能的层。
更具体地,本发明涉及这样一些基材在生产隔热和/或防晒窗玻璃中的应用。还准备将这种窗玻璃安装在建筑物和汽车上,目的特别在于降低空调负荷和/或减少因不断大量增加在住所安装的玻璃表面所造成的过度过热。
一类已知的赋予基材具有这样一些性能的多层薄膜由至少一层金属层构成,如银层,该层置于两个金属氧化物类电介质材料层之间。这种多层薄膜一般是采用真空技术进行连续沉积得到的,如任选地借助磁场实施的阴极溅射。如果在氧存在下采用阴极溅射在银层上沉积氧化物层,为了避免银的降解,在银层两侧还可以有两层非常薄的金属层,作为连接层、成核层的下层,以及作为保护层或“牺牲”层的上层。
于是,由欧洲专利EP-0 611 213、EP-0 678 484和EP 0 638 528了解到是有一层或两层银基层的这类多层薄膜。
由专利EP-0 847 965还了解到具有已知双层银层的多层薄膜,此银层是,通过使用氮化硅类氧屏蔽层和用于稳定银层的层而使多层薄膜能够承受弯曲或淬火类的热处理而无严重的光学变化。
最后,由专利EP-0 844 219知道具有厚度大不相同的双银层的多层薄膜,能够使窗玻璃日光因子(facteur solaire)降低到至少32%(日光因子FS是通过所研究窗玻璃局部的总能量与入射太阳能量之比)。
一般地,但更特别地在用于住所的双层窗玻璃领域中,有意义的是能够在一定范围内调节窗玻璃的光透射水平,而无须每次完全重新调整薄的多层薄膜。
为满足这个目的已经提出过许多解决办法:专利FR-2 751 666提出在玻璃与第一电介层之间插入一层氧化铁基吸收层。专利FR-2 708262提出插入一层与银层接触的,并在银层上的氮化钛类吸收层。而这些解决办法在薄的多层薄膜受到退火、弯曲或淬火类热处理的情况下具有两方面的缺陷:吸收层发生显著光学变化和/或在体系中这些层的多层薄膜发生光学改变。
事实上,如果吸收层与玻璃或银接触时,在热的作用下,该吸收层易于氧化,易于破坏或以或多或少可控方式易于破坏相邻层。因此,如果吸收层与银层直接接触,该吸收层在被氧化时易于去稳定。如果吸收层与玻璃接触,该层可被来自玻璃的碱金属离子的扩散作用改性。
本发明的目的是调节有前述薄的多层薄膜的窗玻璃光透射水平,没有上述的缺陷,即在热处理的情况下,多层薄膜不产生严重的光学变化。
其次,本发明还有一个目的是调节窗玻璃的光透射水平和/或选择性,而没有非常显著地增加外部光的反射水平,优选地将这种光反射限制在低于20%的值。
然后,本发明还有一个目的是相对简单地达到控制这种光透射的水平,并且可以以工业规模灵活实施。
首先,本发明的主题是一种窗玻璃,该窗玻璃包括至少一种透明基材,其上有薄的多层薄膜,该多层薄膜包括交替的n层功能层和n+1层涂层,该功能层具有红外光区和太阳辐射的反射性能,该涂层由两层或多层电介质材料层组成,以便每个功能层置于两个涂层之间。另外,至少一层可见光吸收层插入在所述涂层的两层电介质材料层之间。在这种结构中,吸收层既不与玻璃直接接触(这样制约了在热作用下氧和碱金属的扩散问题),也不与银直接接触(这样制约了也是在热的作用下与其接触的吸收层的氧化所诱发的银层破坏问题)。
根据第一个方案,多层薄膜包括在两层涂层之间仅有一层功能层(n=1的情况)。
根据第二个方案,多层薄膜包括与三层涂层交替配置的双层功能层(n=2的情况)。
有利地,一层或多层功能层是银基或含银的金属合金基的层。
该吸收层(或多层吸收层,本发明不限于仅插入一层的吸收层)可以选自不同的材料:可以是Ti、Nb、Zr或NiCr类金属或金属合金。还可以是金属氧化物,如氧化铬、氧化铁,或低于化学计量的钛或锌氧化物。最后还可以是金属氮化物,如氮化钛、氮化铌、氮化锆、氮化铬或NiCr氮化物。
优选地,本发明的可见光吸收层厚度限制至很低的值:其厚度有利地低于或等于7纳米,甚至低于5或3纳米。通常地,选择1-3纳米的厚度;上面提到吸收层的第一个特征是没有与玻璃或与银层直接接触。其第二个特征是其薄:非常薄,它不是用于显著降低透射,而是用于以百分之几精确调节。
根据本发明的一个优选实施方式,可见光吸收层是在两层电介质之间,其中至少一层电介质是氮化硅和/或氮化铝基的层。
在第一个方案中,该层是在两层氮化物之间,该氮化物是这些氮化物中的一种。事实上这里涉及这种最佳结构,这种结构能最好地“密封”吸收层,还能隔离与有氧化或降解吸收层的危险的物质(espèce)的相互作用(空气或玻璃或相邻氧化物层中的氧,在热作用下银层的扩散物质)。事实上,氮化硅和/或氮化铝的高化学惰性,甚至在高温下的化学惰性是已知的。它们不仅起到具有光学功能和银层保护功能的电介质的一般作用(折射指数约为2),而且它们对可见光吸收层还起到屏蔽层的作用。
在这种结构中,退火、弯曲或淬火类热处理并不影响(或非常小)吸收层,这些氮化物层构成氧的屏蔽层并阻止氧化。因此,在体系中多层薄膜的光透射变化没有所观察到的无吸收层多层薄膜的变化显著(例如变化至多为3%)。
在第二个方案中,可见光吸收层置于在以一种或多种金属氧化物(或氧化硅)为基的层与氮化铝和/或氮化硅层之间的涂层中。优选的结构是,氧化物层在吸收层之下,其上为氮化物层。根据这种方案,吸收层与氧化物层之间直接接触。因此,在热处理的情况下,吸收层可能受到氧化作用,但一方面限制了该层(特别氮化物置于该层之上时,隔离了空气中的氧),另一方面这种氧化作用从吸收层会“捕获”氧,防止多层薄膜的其它层氧化这个意义上说可能还是有益的。这时一般观察到该多层薄膜光透射的变化,这种变化比在第一种方案的情况下略高些,例如可以达到直至4-5%。
本发明多层薄膜中至少一层涂层包括至少一层选自至少一种下述氧化物的氧化物层:氧化锌、氧化锡、二氧化钛、二氧化硅、氧化钽、氧化铌和氧化锆。如在上述专利EP-0 847 965中所公开的,事实上有意义的是这些涂层同时包括金属氧化物层和氮化硅或氮化铝层。
因此,有利的是在至少一功能层下面有一层氧化锌基的层,有利于银基功能层的粘附和结晶,因此,易于提高其质量和高温稳定性。
在氧化锌基的层下面有一层或至少一层功能层对改善功能层的粘附性是很有利的。
为了保证多层薄膜能经受住非常强的退火、淬火或弯曲类热处理而无光学变化,优选的是这些涂层中的每个涂层含有至少一层氮化硅和/或氮化铝层。
任选地,薄的金属层或低于化学计量的金属氧化物(任选地氮化的)层可以插入每个功能层和在功能层上放置的涂层和/或在功能层之下放置的涂层之间。这可包括钛、铌、镍-铬合金层,这些层在多层薄膜沉积期间任选地部分或全部被氧化(当接下来的一层在氧存在下采用反应性阴极溅射时)。它们通常称之连接层(对于在下面的层)或牺牲层或“阻断剂”层(对于在上面的层),厚度小于2nm。
根据一种优选方案,该多层薄膜包括两层银基功能层和三个涂层,可见光吸收层插在所谓“中间”涂层之中,即置于两个功能层之间的可见光吸收层,和/或一层或多层可见光吸收层插入置于第二功能层之上的“上层”涂层中。曾发现正是在这种结构中,吸收层似乎更稳定/隔离得更好,并且窗玻璃的外部反射情况更好。一个本发明多层薄膜实例如下:
透明基材/Si3N4/ZnO/Ag/ ZnO/Si3N4/TiN或NbN/Si3N4/ZnO/Ag/ZnO/Si3N4,任选地在至少一个银层面上有钛类金属薄层(任选地部分氧化的)。
本发明涉及任何有这些多层薄膜的窗玻璃;层压窗玻璃(其中在硬基材上或在聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯PET类软基材上沉积多层薄膜,用热塑性薄板将其多层薄膜与两个硬基材组合起来),所谓非对称层压窗玻璃,以及双窗玻璃类的多层窗玻璃,优选在窗玻璃2面或3面(一旦装到位,通常从窗玻璃最外面的面到里面的面数基材的面)有多层薄膜的多层窗玻璃。
更特别地,本发明涉及双-窗玻璃,这种双-窗玻璃具有:
·光透射TL至多为75%,特别地至多为70%或65%,特别地至少为40%,或55-65%或45-55%,特别约50-60%,
·和/或外部光反射RL低于或等于20%,特别地至多为17%,
·和/或外部光反射中的a*和b*值低于或等于1,优选为负值(甚至在受到淬火类热处理后),在具有双银层多层薄膜的情况下尤其如此。
因此,本发明的关键点是在通常的多层薄膜中以特别方式插入可见光吸收层,能够在热处理的情况下调节光透射而无光学变化和/或在基材反射时不影响外观。
有利地,本发明的一层或多层吸收层具有固有的光吸收至少为3%,特别地4-15%或6-12%(如果本发明使用多层吸收层,每层或所有所述的吸收层)。
通过下面的实施例更详细地描述本发明。
在所有这些实施例中,这些多层薄膜都沉积在6毫米厚的硅-钠-钙透明玻璃基材上。该基材然后与第二个同样的玻璃基材组装成双窗玻璃,以便该多层薄膜是在面2上,两块玻璃之间嵌入的气体薄层是氩气,厚度为12毫米。这些窗玻璃基本上用于建筑物作为隔热/控制太阳的窗玻璃。
在所有这些实施例中,第一种安装是用有非淬火层的玻璃首先安装成双-窗玻璃,然后第二种安装使用具有多层薄膜的玻璃,该玻璃已在该领域中的一般条件下进行了淬火(包括玻璃在640℃下加热几分钟)。
所有的多层薄膜都是在磁场下采用阴极溅射沉积的:(在氧气存在下,采用反应性阴极溅射金属靶或任选低于化学计量陶瓷靶的氧化物层,在氮气存在下,采用反应性阴极溅射的氮化物层)。
对比实施例1
多层薄膜如下:(下面的表以纳米表示层厚)
对比例1 | |
玻璃 | 纳米 |
Si3N4 | 31 |
ZnO | 10 |
Ag | 9.5 |
Ti | 0.8 |
ZnO | 10 |
Si3N4 | 64 |
ZnO | 10 |
Ag | 17.5 |
Ti | 0.8 |
ZnO | 10 |
Si3N4 | 21.5 |
因为在两个电介质层之间没有可见光吸收层。在银层之上两层钛层是非常薄的,在后面ZnO层沉积期间会被氧化(至少部分)(完全如下述
实施例)。
本发明的实施例2和3
这些实施例重复实施例1的多层薄膜,同时在两层银层之间的电介质涂层的Si3N4层正中加氮化钛层。这是本发明的第一个方案,其中通过包住吸收层的这两层可防止吸收层氧化。
下面的表汇集了以纳米表示的每层厚度。
实施例2 | 实施例3 | |
玻璃 | - | - |
Si3N4 | 31 | 31 |
ZnO | 10 | 10 |
Ag | 9.5 | 9.5 |
Ti | 0.8 | 0.8 |
ZnO | 10 | 10 |
Si3N4 | 32 | 32 |
TiN | 0.7 | 1.4 |
Si3N4 | 32 | 32 |
ZnO | 10 | 10 |
Ag | 17.5 | 17.5 |
Ti | 0.8 | 0.8 |
ZnO | 10 | 10 |
Si3N4 | 21.5 | 21.5 |
下面的表汇集了实施例1-3的每个数据:
·根据光源D65,以%表示的透射率TL;
·透射的主波长λD以纳米表示;
·外部光反射值Rlext,以%表示;
·根据色标系统(L,a*,b*),光反射的a*和b*值;
·根据DIN标准的日光因子FS。
列出了未淬火多层玻璃的双窗玻璃(“未淬火”)与已淬火多层玻璃的双窗玻璃的数据(“已淬火”)。
实施例 | TL | λD | RL,ext | a* | b* | SF |
对比实施例1 | ||||||
未淬火已淬火 | ||||||
63.4 | 516 | 17.1 | -4.4 | -3.5 | 34 | |
65.3 | 508 | 21.1 | -3.8 | -4.7 | 34 | |
实施例2 | ||||||
未淬火已淬火 | 60.2 | 496 | 16.4 | -3.9 | 0.7 | 33 |
62.3 | 493 | 17.4 | -0.6 | -2.5 | 33 | |
实施例3 | ||||||
未淬火已淬火 | 57.6 | 501 | 13.4 | -4.6 | -5.0 | 31 |
59.5 | 497 | 14.5 | -2.7 | -7.8 | 31 |
由这些数据可以得出下述结论:
·有本发明的TiN附加层时,通过调节其厚度,TL可以控制从2%降低到7%或8%,同时保持适当的外部反射水平,明显低于20%(让银层明显增厚,也能够使TL降低到相同水平,但不利于外部光反射)。
·使用非常薄的层可以进行这种调节:2纳米以下的TiN,不严重延缓多层薄膜的生产周期,不显著增加成本,也不提高复杂性。
·添加这层吸收层作为直接的结果FS增加至少1-3点。
·甚至不淬火时,本发明的吸收层对外部反射也有有益的效果,将反射降低至少1-4%(在可比较的TL水平),该层还能够保持a*和b*值为负值(即反射余下的颜色为蓝-绿色,这是实际最希望达到的色调)。
·甚至多层薄膜进行淬火时都保持所有这些优点:当然,TL或RL有微小变化,但余下的光反射仍然在20%以下(与对比实施例相反,该实施例增加近4%,超过20%阈值)。这证明了TiN层是稳定的,借助于“包封”在两种氮化物之间而没有(很少)发生光学变化。
还应指出,优选包住TiN层的两层氮化物层的厚度不是一样,离基材越远可能越厚,例如一层是另一层的三分之一(约20、30或40%),反之亦然。
还应指出,可以用NbN层或用Ti、Nb或Zr类金属层代替TiN层。
最后指出两银层厚度非常不对称性,这是特别遵循前述专利EP-0844 219的教导。
实施例4、5和5B
这些实施例与实施例3相似,使用TiN(实施例4)和NbN(实施例5)层作为吸收层。它们都是根据本发明第一种方案实施的。
下面的表汇集了以纳米表示的各个多层薄膜厚度:
实施例4 | 实施例5 | 实施例5B | |
玻璃 | - | - | - |
Si3N4 | 31 | 31 | 29 |
ZnO | 10 | 10 | 10 |
Ag | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 |
Ti | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
ZnO | 10 | 10 | 10 |
Si3N4 | 31 | 31 | 30 |
吸收层 | NbN:1.4 | TiN:1.4 | TiN:2 |
Si3N4 | 31 | 31 | 30 |
ZnO | 10 | 10 | 1O |
Ag | 17.0 | 17.0 | 20.2 |
Ti | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
ZnO | 10 | 10 | 10 |
Si3N4 | 23 | 23 | 20 |
应指出,本发明实施例2-5B在淬火后具有良好的光学质量,没有出现腐蚀斑点或小的浸湿缺陷(défauts de mouillage)。
下面的表汇集了这三个实施例与前面实施例1-3同样光度(données photométrique)测定数据,采用相同的惯例,还有:
·以百分数表示的透射纯度pe;
·无单位的反射ΔE值,在比色系统(L,a*,b*)中,其值是根据公式[(a*f-a*i)2+(b*f-b*i)2+(L*f-L*i)2]1/2计算的,其中a*i,b*i,L*i为淬火前的值,a*f,b*f,L*f是淬火后的值。
实施例 | TL | λp | PT | RL,ext | a* | b* | ΔE | SF |
实施例4 | ||||||||
淬火前淬火后 | 58.5 | 537 | 3.4 | 14.2 | -1.0 | -7.8 | - | 32 |
59.6 | 521 | 2.2 | 15.7 | -2.7 | -9.0 | 2.9 | 33 | |
实施例5 | ||||||||
淬火前淬火后 | 58.6 | 542 | 4.6 | 14.4 | -0.7 | -9.0 | - | 32 |
60.4 | 531 | 2.8 | 16.0 | -2.1 | -10.1 | 2.7 | 33 | |
实施例5B | ||||||||
淬火前淬火后 | 49.4 | 500 | 6.4 | 16.2 | -1.9 | -5.3 | - | 26 |
50.6 | 494 | 2.8 | 17.9 | -1.6 | -6.2 | - | 26 |
应该指出,在淬火后光透射的增加是非常有限的:根据其厚度,NbN层约1.5%,TiN层约2%或1.2%。这里还应指出,外部反射颜色在淬火后变化不大:a*和b*值仍然是负的,a*值降低约-2,b*值变化是±1。实施例5B在这一点特别好,a*值只是变化+0.3,b*值只是变化-0.9。
实施例6
这个实施例按照本发明第二个方案实施:吸收层是在氧化物层与氮化物层之间的电介质涂层上层(第二银层之上)中。
下面的表汇集了以纳米表示的各个多层薄膜厚度:
实施例6 | |
玻璃 | 纳米 |
Si3N4 | 31 |
ZnO | 10 |
Ag | 8.5 |
Ti | 0.8 |
ZnO | 10 |
Si3N4 | 62 |
ZnO | 10 |
Ag | 17.0 |
Ti | 0.8 |
ZnO | 10 |
TiN | 1.4 |
Si3N4 | 23 |
如前面一样未淬火,然后在淬火后将这种玻璃装成双窗玻璃。在淬火后光学变化如下:
·ΔTL=淬火后的TL-淬火前的TL=+2.4%,
·外部反射Δb*=淬火后的b*-淬火前的b*=2,
·淬火后RL EXT=16.5%,
·TL/FS比=约62-63/33。
没有腐蚀斑点,即使没有很好调整沉积参数,浸湿缺陷也非常小,数量也不多。
通过试验在氧化物层与氮化物层之间的吸收层的多种结构以评价淬火后的光学质量。这些是下面详细说明的实施例6变通方式(除吸收层厚度之外,所有层的厚度与实施例6的相同):
实施例6.1
基材/Si3N4/ZnO/Ag/Ti/ZnO/TiN(1-3纳米)/Si3N4/ZnO/Ag/Ti/ZnO/Si3N4
实施例6.2
基材/Si3N4/ZnO/Ag/Ti/ZnO/Si3N4/TiN(1-3纳米)/ZnO/Ag/Ti/ZnO/Si3N4
实施例6.3
基材/Si3N4/ZnO/Ag/Ti/ZnO/Si3N4/ZnO/Ag/Ti/ZnO/TiN(1-3纳米)/Si3N4
实施例6.4
基材/Si3N4/ZnO/Ag/Ti/ZnO/TiN(1-2纳米)/Si3N4/ZnO/Ag/Ti/ZnO/TiN(1-2纳米)/Si3N4
这个实施例使用了两个吸收层。
采用2微米以下的缺陷密度和采用至少为2微米的缺陷密度评价这些玻璃淬火后的光学质量。最有利的结构是实施例6.3和实施例6.4的结构:
·对于实施例6.3,使用2纳米和3纳米吸收层,没有任何大于2纳米或小于2纳米的缺陷。
·对于实施例6.4,两层吸收层每一层厚度为1纳米时,缺陷数量不太多,如果从基材开始第一层厚度为1纳米,第二层厚度为2纳米,则无任何缺陷。(可以认为实施例6.3的结构比实施例6.4的好,因为在一种情况下(实施例6.3)避免了所有2纳米缺陷,在另一种情况(实施例6.4)下避免了至少2+1纳米缺陷)。
·对于实施例6.2,观察到有3纳米吸收层的最佳结构(很少缺陷)
·对于实施例6.1,也观察到有3纳米吸收层的最佳结构(没有任何2纳米以下的缺陷,至少2纳米的缺陷不多)
·为了比较,如果省去吸收层重复实施例6.1,在淬火后同时有高密度的2纳米以下的缺陷和至少2纳米的缺陷,这是对商品不利的密度。
因此,可以看到,为了保证本发明多层薄膜在淬火后具有良好的光学质量,两个参数是需要考虑的:一层或多层吸收层在多层薄膜中的位置(优选地“在”最外面的电介质中或在具有两银层多层薄膜的中间电介质中),和它的或它们的厚度(随结构而变,但优选地至少1.5或2纳米,当吸收层是“在”中间电介质中时甚至约为3纳米)。
还可以看到,吸收层的存在可改善多层薄膜在系统中的热处理性能。
对比实施例7
这个实施例是作为对比给出的,这时吸收层是与玻璃直接接触的:
对比实施例7 | |
玻璃 | 纳米 |
TiN | 1.4 |
Si3N4 | 31 |
ZnO | 10 |
Ag | 8.5 |
Ti | 0.8 |
ZnO | 10 |
Si3N4 | 62 |
ZnO | 10 |
Ag | 17.8 |
Ti | 0.8 |
ZnO | 10 |
Si3N4 | 23 |
总是以同样方式装配双-窗玻璃,无淬火,然后在淬火后:ΔTL=+4%,外部反射时Δb*=-2至-3,光学质量非常差:大量腐蚀斑点。
这个实施例证明让该层与玻璃直接接触在淬火后对光学质量有灾难性的影响,并且TL显著升高。
总之,在氮化物和/或氧化物类电介质之间插入可见光吸收层(以及更多些)可精细控制光透射,FS增加,不用担心光学扰动,特别在外部反射中,并且特别当这些层受到热处理时:如果淬火,多层薄膜的总光学变化非常有限(TL在+/-3%以下,或甚至+/-2%),保持适度外部反射水平和令人满意的外部反射比色(colorimétrie)测定,令人满意的淬火后光学质量。
包括装有本发明多层薄膜基材的窗玻璃,也可以包括一个或多个其它功能性的层:例如它们可以包括以光催化TiO2为基的防污涂层、以含氟聚合物为基的疏水涂层、以SiO2或SiOC为基的亲水涂层、一层或多层抗反射涂层。这些涂层优选地置于窗玻璃的至少一个外面上(这些面朝向外部,就层压板而言与朝向内部热塑性塑料板的面相反,或在隔热窗玻璃中朝向空腔、气体或真空空腔的面相反)。
本发明的多层薄膜还可以采用适当的电源和线路进行加热。
Claims (27)
1、一种窗玻璃,该窗玻璃包括至少一种透明基材,基材备有薄的多层薄膜,该多层薄膜包括交替的n层功能层和n+1层涂层,该功能层具有红外光区和/或太阳辐射中的反射性能,该涂层由两层或多层电介质材料层组成,以便每个功能层置于两个涂层之间,其特征在于至少一层可见光吸收层插入在所述涂层的两层电介质材料层之间,并且一层或多层吸收层的固有光吸收率至少为3%。
2、根据权利要求1的窗玻璃,其特征在于该多层薄膜包括置于两层涂层之间的唯一一层功能层。
3、根据权利要求1的窗玻璃,其特征在于该多层薄膜包括与三层涂层交替排列的两层功能层。
4、根据权利要求1的窗玻璃,其特征在于一层或多层功能层是用银或含银金属合金制成的层。
5、根据权利要求1-4之一的窗玻璃,其特征在于一层或多层可见光吸收层选自以金属或金属合金为基的,以金属氧化物为基的,或以金属氮化物为基的可见光吸收层。
6.根据权利要求5的窗玻璃,其特征在于所述的金属或金属合金是Ti、Nb、Zr或NiCr,或者所述的金属氧化物是氧化铬、氧化铁,或低于化学计量的钛或锌氧化物,或者所述的金属氮化物是氮化钛、氮化铌、氮化锆、氮化铬或NiCr氮化物。
7、根据权利要求1-4之一的窗玻璃,其特征在于每层可见光吸收层的厚度小于或等于7纳米。
8.根据权利要求1-4之一的窗玻璃,其特征在于每层可见光吸收层的厚度是1-2纳米。
9、根据权利要求1-4之一的窗玻璃,其特征在于在可见光吸收层所插入其中的两层中,至少之一是用以氮化铝和/或氮化硅为基的电介质材料制成的。
10、根据权利要求9的窗玻璃,其特征在于一层或多层可见光吸收层插入在以氮化铝和/或氮化硅为基的两层之间。
11、根据权利要求9的窗玻璃,其特征在于一层或多层可见光吸收层置于在一种或多种金属氧化物层与氮化铝和/或氮化硅为基的层之间。
12、根据权利要求1-4之一的窗玻璃,其特征在于涂层中的至少一层涂层包括一层氧化物层,该氧化物选自氧化锌、氧化锡、二氧化钛、二氧化硅、氧化钽、氧化铌、氧化锆或它们之中至少两种氧化物的混合物。
13、根据权利要求1-4之一的窗玻璃,其特征在于功能层或每层功能层是在其最后层是以氧化锌为基材的涂层之上。
14、根据权利要求1-4之一的窗玻璃,其特征在于功能层或每层功能层是在其第一层是以氧化锌为基材的涂层之下。
15、根据权利要求1-4中任一权利要求的窗玻璃,其特征在于每层涂层包括至少一层氮化硅和/或氮化铝基的层。
16、根据权利要求1-4中任一权利要求的窗玻璃,其特征在于金属或亚金属氧化物薄层插入到每层功能层与至少一层围绕它的涂层之间,该金属或亚金属氧化物薄层称为牺牲层,其厚度小于2纳米。
17.根据权利要求16的窗玻璃,其特征在于所述的牺牲层以钛、铌、镍-铬为基材。
18、根据权利要求1-4之一的窗玻璃,其特征在于多层薄膜包括在三层涂层之间的两层银基功能层,并且一层或多层可见光吸收层插入置于两层功能层之间的“中间”涂层中,和/或一层或多层可见光吸收层插入置于第二功能层之上的“上层”涂层中。
19、根据权利要求1-4之一的窗玻璃,其特征在于多层薄膜如下:
Si3N4/ZnO/Ag/ZnO/Si3N4/TiN或NbN/Si3N4/ZnO/Ag/ZnO/Si3N4或
Si3N4/ZnO/Ag/ZnO/Si3N4/ZnO/Ag/ZnO/TiN或NbN/Si3N4或
Si3N4/ZnO/Ag/Ti/ZnO/TiN/Si3N4/ZnO/Ag/Ti/ZnO/TiN/Si3N4
·
20.根据权利要求1-4之一的窗玻璃,其特征在于所述的多层薄膜还带有部分或全部氧化的金属薄层,它被置于在每个银层中的至少一个面上。
21、根据权利要求1-4之一的窗玻璃,其特征在于它呈层压窗玻璃、非对称窗玻璃或双窗玻璃类的多层窗玻璃形式。
22、根据权利要求1-4之一的窗玻璃,其特征在于一层或多层吸收层的固有光吸收率是4-15%。
23、根据权利要求1-4之一的双-窗玻璃,其特征在于该多层薄膜包括两层银基功能层,光透射TL至多为65%,外部光反射RL低于或等于20%,以及在外部光反射a*和b*值低于或等于1。
24.根据权利要求23的双-窗玻璃,其特征在于所述的光透射TL为40-65%,所述的外部光反射RL至多为17%,以及在外部光反射中a*和b*值是负值。
25、根据权利要求1-4之一的窗玻璃,其特征在于系统中的一层或多层可见光吸收层和/或多层的多层薄膜,在退火、弯曲、淬火类热处理的情况下没有光学变化。
26.根据权利要求1-4之一的窗玻璃,其特征在于系统中的一层或多层可见光吸收层和/或多层的多层薄膜,在退火、弯曲、淬火类热处理的情况下光透射的变化至多为4-5%。
27、根据权利要求1-4之一的窗玻璃,其特征在于它还含有至少一层防污涂层、疏水涂层、亲水涂层或抗反射涂层。
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FR00/16404 | 2000-12-15 | ||
FR0016404A FR2818272B1 (fr) | 2000-12-15 | 2000-12-15 | Vitrage muni d'un empilement de couches minces pour la protection solaire et/ou l'isolation thermique |
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EP (1) | EP1341732B2 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP4327455B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100823201B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1272271C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE380165T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2002217254A1 (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ306982B6 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60131776T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2298192T5 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2818272B1 (zh) |
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FR3101278B1 (fr) * | 2019-09-30 | 2023-11-24 | Saint Gobain | Vitrage feuillete a basse transmission lumineuse et haute selectivite |
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FR3103810B1 (fr) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-12-10 | Saint Gobain | Materiau comportant un empilement a sous-couche dielectrique fine d’oxide a base de zinc et procede de depot de ce materiau |
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EP3925938A1 (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2021-12-22 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Heatable low-e glazing comprising two layers based on titanium nitride |
CN114134458A (zh) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-04 | 上海交通大学 | 一种具有纳米多孔结构的周期性多层超薄隔热薄膜及其制备和应用 |
CN114934262A (zh) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-08-23 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | 一种多层交替低红外发射率耐腐蚀薄膜及其制备方法 |
WO2024042545A1 (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2024-02-29 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Glazing comprising a stack of thin layers having two functional layers based on silver and titanium nitride |
WO2024042551A1 (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2024-02-29 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Glazing comprising a stack of thin layers having three functional layers based on silver and on titanium nitride |
WO2024042546A1 (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2024-02-29 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Glazing comprising a stack of thin layers having one functional layer based on silver and multiple functional layers based on titanium nitride |
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-
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- 2000-12-15 FR FR0016404A patent/FR2818272B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-12-12 KR KR10-2003-7007806A patent/KR100823201B1/ko active IP Right Review Request
- 2001-12-12 EP EP01270195.9A patent/EP1341732B2/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-12 CZ CZ2003-1642A patent/CZ306982B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-12-12 AU AU2002217254A patent/AU2002217254A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-12-12 AT AT01270195T patent/ATE380165T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-12-12 ES ES01270195.9T patent/ES2298192T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-12 CN CNB018226922A patent/CN1272271C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-12 DE DE60131776.9T patent/DE60131776T3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-12 PT PT01270195T patent/PT1341732E/pt unknown
- 2001-12-12 JP JP2002549603A patent/JP4327455B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-12-12 PL PL362970A patent/PL200037B1/pl unknown
- 2001-12-12 US US10/450,162 patent/US7166360B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-12 WO PCT/FR2001/003955 patent/WO2002048065A1/fr active IP Right Grant
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2009
- 2009-03-23 JP JP2009069885A patent/JP2009143805A/ja active Pending
Cited By (2)
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US8842555B2 (en) | 2005-10-21 | 2014-09-23 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Methods and systems for adaptive encoding of real-time information in packet-switched wireless communication systems |
CN102918434A (zh) * | 2010-05-25 | 2013-02-06 | 旭硝子欧洲玻璃公司 | 阳光控制门窗玻璃 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE380165T1 (de) | 2007-12-15 |
WO2002048065A1 (fr) | 2002-06-20 |
DE60131776T2 (de) | 2008-11-20 |
PT1341732E (pt) | 2008-01-11 |
ES2298192T3 (es) | 2008-05-16 |
KR20030061843A (ko) | 2003-07-22 |
ES2298192T5 (es) | 2015-07-01 |
CZ306982B6 (cs) | 2017-11-01 |
EP1341732B2 (fr) | 2015-04-08 |
EP1341732B1 (fr) | 2007-12-05 |
US7166360B2 (en) | 2007-01-23 |
FR2818272B1 (fr) | 2003-08-29 |
JP2004522677A (ja) | 2004-07-29 |
KR100823201B1 (ko) | 2008-04-18 |
PL200037B1 (pl) | 2008-11-28 |
DE60131776T3 (de) | 2015-08-27 |
CZ20031642A3 (cs) | 2004-08-18 |
CN1489556A (zh) | 2004-04-14 |
JP4327455B2 (ja) | 2009-09-09 |
PL362970A1 (en) | 2004-11-02 |
US20050123772A1 (en) | 2005-06-09 |
DE60131776D1 (de) | 2008-01-17 |
FR2818272A1 (fr) | 2002-06-21 |
EP1341732A1 (fr) | 2003-09-10 |
JP2009143805A (ja) | 2009-07-02 |
AU2002217254A1 (en) | 2002-06-24 |
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