CN1269420C - 包含不易消化的多糖的营养组合物的应用 - Google Patents
包含不易消化的多糖的营养组合物的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1269420C CN1269420C CNB008136386A CN00813638A CN1269420C CN 1269420 C CN1269420 C CN 1269420C CN B008136386 A CNB008136386 A CN B008136386A CN 00813638 A CN00813638 A CN 00813638A CN 1269420 C CN1269420 C CN 1269420C
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种或者多种不易消化的多糖在制备用于降低高分子量物质、过敏原及微生物经由肠壁吸收,特别是用于降低高分子量物质、过敏原及微生物通过肠紧密结合部转运的营养组合物中的应用,所述多糖选自于以下组中:分子量为8-40000kD的葡聚糖、分子量为0.5-1000kD的经水解的(葡)甘露聚糖和分子量为0.5-1000kD的经水解的(半乳)甘露聚糖,其中由于多糖导致的组合物粘度升高不超过20mPa·s。本发明的营养组合物可用于防止或者治疗过敏、过敏反应、脓毒病和炎性疾病,例如在情感和物理压力下产生的那些,缺血,手术期间以及之后的再灌注损伤,放射治疗和/或化学治疗癌症患者以及炎性肠道疾病,腹泻和过敏。
Description
本发明涉及包含特定类别的不易消化的葡聚糖、经水解的(半乳)甘露聚糖和/或经水解的(葡)甘露聚糖的营养组合物。本发明的组合物降低高分子量物质、过敏原和微生物经由肠壁的吸收。具体而言,本发明涉及降低上述物质经由肠紧密结合部(tightjunction,TJ)的自由转运,但不阻碍低分子量物质如营养素通过肠上皮的转运。该组合物可用于防止肠壁渗透性由于各种原因增加,以及由此导致的肠腔中存在的毒素、抗原和病原微生物的渗透。
紧密结合部的结构及功能描述于例如Ann.Rev.Physiol.60,121-160(1998)以及Ballard T.S.等人,Annu.Rev.Nutr.,1995,15:35-55中。紧密结合部对于由肠腔通过肠上皮向血流中的扩散以及相反方向的扩散都不是刚性屏障,但起到重要的作用。
紧密结合部的渗透性是高度可调的,而且会受到疾病以及肠腔中某些毒素的干扰。调节作用由神经系统、激素系统以及免疫系统进行。当紧密结合部开放时,高分子量的物质、过敏原以及甚至微生物会由该紧密结合部中通过。高分子量物质的转移在某些条件下可使免疫系统致敏,并在随后的接触中导致过敏反应。病原微生物的转移对免疫系统施加更大的压力,而且特别是在抵抗力降低时,可导致人和动物产生疾病。这对于例如能够从上皮层中通过并能够到达血流中的细菌毒素也是相同的。
本发明涉及一种或者多种不易消化的多糖在降低高分子量物质、过敏原及微生物经由肠壁吸收中的应用,所述多糖选自于以下组中:分子量为8-40000kD的葡聚糖、分子量为0.5-1000kD的经水解的(葡)甘露聚糖和分子量为0.5-1000kD的经水解的(半乳)甘露聚糖,其前提是由于多糖导致的组合物粘度升高不超过20mPa·s。
更具体而言,本发明涉及上述组合物在降低高分子量物质、过敏原和微生物通过肠紧密结合部转运中的应用。
除显著降低有害物质及微生物的转运外,本发明的显著优点是仍基本上保留有用物质(营养素)如葡萄糖、氨基酸、二肽或者微量元素的正常转运。
根据本发明,不易消化的多糖应理解为在身体的主要条件下不或者几乎不被人消化酶消化或者转化的多糖。必须指出的是,一些不易消化的多糖可被肠道(结肠、盲肠以及部分回肠)中存在的微生物发酵。不希望囿于任何理论,但认为多糖对副细胞(paracellular)转运的作用不是通过发酵产物进行的。
多糖的消化程度可使用Minekus,M.,博士论文,University of Utrecht,1998,Development and validation of a dynamic model of the gastrointestinaltract,Section 2描述的方法来测定。根据本发明的多糖低于50%、优选低于30%是可消化的。
根据本发明的葡聚糖可理解为通过(生物)合成途径得到的葡聚糖或者天然的葡聚糖。此等葡聚糖的分子量可如下进行调节:对葡聚糖分子进行部分酸解或者酶解,然后重复地用醇进行分离和沉淀或者进行超滤。这些本领域技术人员已知的方法必须按照以下方式进行:葡聚糖的分子量在8-40000kD的范围内。
优选使用分子量为20-2000kD的葡聚糖。
术语(葡)甘露聚糖是指甘露聚糖和葡甘露聚糖。这同样适用于(半乳)甘露聚糖。半乳甘露聚糖的例子是瓜尔胶、刺槐豆胶和tara胶。这些(半乳)甘露聚糖和(葡)甘露聚糖是以水解形式使用。分子量在0.5-1000kD之间。
也可使用葡聚糖、(半乳)甘露聚糖和(葡)甘露聚糖的混合物。
根据本发明经水解的(半乳)甘露聚糖或者(葡)甘露聚糖可例如借助于合适的酶通过部分但较大程度的水解来制备,由此制备大量链长为3-5600、优选4-1000的寡糖。
制剂中多糖的量优选使肠道中这些多糖的浓度为0.1-20g/l,优选0.5-10g/l,并最优选为1-6g/l。活性物质的最小量是使通过紧密结合部的转运显著降低时所观察到的量。
将多糖给药于副细胞转运受到干扰的位置处不是必须的。在胃与受影响部位之间的肠道位置处存在活性物质就已足够。
根据本发明使用的一些多糖具有粘度升高作用,这将阻碍营养成分的吸收。制剂中的成分不应阻碍正常的跨细胞转运。
更具体而言,根据本发明的营养组合物具有低于100mPa·s、优选低于40mPa·s、甚至更优选低于30mPa·s的粘度。对于本发明特别重要的是,无论组合物的其他组成如何,多糖仅具有低的粘度升高作用。组合物中活性多糖的粘度升高作用必须低于20mPa·s、并优选低于10mPa·s,而且例如可以是3mPa·s。产物的粘度因此主要是由产物中多糖以外的组分产生的。
粘度是在每秒100的剪切速率和20℃下使用Carri-med测定的。
对于干燥产物,在产物复原后上述粘度限制也是适用的。
因此,通常情况下,多糖的类型(分子量)及其浓度的选择应使效果和粘度得到最佳组合。不仅分子大小,而且分枝程度和负载量也决定活性、粘度和/或发酵性质。
根据本发明的多糖防止高分子量物质、过敏原以及微生物通过肠壁紧密结合部的自由转运。在此方面,高分子量物质应理解为在正常条件下不能由紧密结合部中通过或者仅在少量时能够如此通过而且由其产生毒性或过敏作用的物质。这些物质通常具有大于4000道尔顿的分子尺寸。抗原是激活免疫系统的物质,其通常为肽,可以是或者不是糖苷化的,经常具有超过10000道尔顿的分子量。过敏原是导致过敏反应的抗原,其通常是由免疫球蛋白E介导的。
在本发明中,微生物应特别理解为在肠道腔中存在的微生物。因此,在某些情况下,由于该紧密结合部与这些微生物的接触增加,导致微生物在小肠中的生长。
根据本发明的另一个方面提供包含这些不易消化的多糖的食品或制剂。这些食品可以是:
-完全食品;
-食品增补剂;
-促进健康的制剂;以及
-管喂食料。
根据本发明的组合物可用于防止或者治疗特定类型的过敏、过敏反应、脓毒病和炎性疾病,例如在情感和物理压力下产生的那些,缺血,手术期间以及之后的再灌注损伤,放射治疗和/或化学治疗癌症患者以及炎性肠道疾病,腹泻和过敏。
如上所述的完全食品和食品增补剂可特别用于治疗或预防肠道炎性疾病,如溃疡性结肠炎、炎性肠疾病和局限性回肠炎。可掺入在所述食品及增补剂中的其他具体组分是生长激素、谷氨酰胺、n-3 LCPUFA以及必须量的常量成分和微量成分。
另外,根据本发明的食品可在手术前和手术后使用。具体而言,在手术期间,常引起肠道缺血和再灌注损伤,其结果是导致紧密结合部开放。在手术前和手术后向肠道中引入根据本发明的多糖,可防止非受控的副细胞转运。在化疗之后给药这些多糖也是有益的。
如果是腹泻,也会发生许多与紧密结合部的渗透性增加有关的病理-形态变化。这些变化可发生在旅行者腹泻、抗生素治疗后的腹泻以及食物中毒后的腹泻中。根据本发明的完全食品和食品增补剂可用于抵消该渗透性增加引起的负面后果。
在物理以及情感压力期间,紧密结合部也会开放,其结果是发生细菌转移。发生该现象的情感压力的一个例子是在将猪运送至屠宰场时发生的压力。其结果是发生猪肉污染。另一个例子是在阉割小猪时发生的压力。可在压力之前、期间或之后给药根据本发明的多糖。
借助于根据本发明的多糖,还可制备适用于对食物如牛奶或花粉过敏的患者的制剂。可防止由于接触过敏原导致的渗透性增加。这些制剂的配制应使其中不包含所述过敏原。
现在将根据以下实施例并参考附图更为详细地说明本发明,在附图中:
图1显示了实施例中所使用的Ussing腔室;
图2显示了葡聚糖对癸酸盐作用的抑制作用;
图3显示了经水解的tara胶对马耳他素导致的副细胞渗透性增加的抑制作用;
图4显示了葡聚糖对HRP流量的影响;
图5显示了葡聚糖对麻醉下的猪中HRP流量的影响;以及
图6显示了葡聚糖对微绒毛包含(microvillus inclusion)患者的肠道渗透性增加的影响。
实施例
I、产物的实施例
以下给出各种产品的组成的例子,其中活性成分为葡聚糖。
各种类型的产品可以是完全肠溶食品,可为患者自己使用或者作为管喂食品。产品可为液体形式或者是粉末形式,后者可在溶解后备用。活性成分也可在其他食品(例如面包)或者食品增补剂中使用,例如长条形面包,奶制品如酸牛奶,或者为小袋形式的粉末。
实施例1
在手术之前或者之后使用的立即可食的液体完全食品。每100ml产品具有以下组成:
蛋白质 7.0g
脂肪 4.0g
碳水化合物 21g
葡聚糖 0.2g
每100ml产品中,以推荐日允许量(RDA)的1/15添加矿物质。以略高的量,如2/15 RDA,添加微量元素和维生素。产品的配制使患者必须消耗1500ml。
实施例2
用管向炎性肠疾病患者给药完全食品。该产品每100ml包含以下成分:
以酪蛋白为基础的蛋白质:7.0g
以植物油及10%鱼油和20%MCT为基础的脂肪;亚油酸含量为20%,而α-亚麻酸含量为4.5%
与常规形式的微量元素、维生素和矿物质Na、K、Ca、Mg、P、Zn、Fe、Mn、Cu、维生素B1、B2、维生素PP、A、D、K、B6、B12、泛酸、叶酸的预混物
葡聚糖:0.6g
实施例3
用于食品过敏患者的食品增补剂。
以大豆奶为基础的酸牛奶。该酸牛奶每100ml包含以下成分:
蛋白质:4.0g,脂肪3.9g,碳水化合物12.3g,0.1 RDA的维生素和微量元素
Na=80,K=135,Cl=125,Ca=50,P=50,Mg=20mg
经水解的半乳甘露聚糖:0.5g
实施例4
运动员用的能量饮料。
每100ml液体包含以下成分:
碳水化合物: 7.0g
葡萄糖: 0.2g
果糖: 1.8g
乳糖: 0.4g
蔗糖: 1.7g
多糖: 2.5g
有机酸: 0.4g
矿物质:
Na: 37mg
K: 17mg
Cl: 58mg
Ca: 8mg
Mg: 1mg
维生素C: 15mg
葡聚糖: 0.1g
实施例5
用于猪或小猪饲料的预混物。
A/预混物由90%玉米粉和10%的150kD葡聚糖组成。
B/预混物由合适的维生素、微量元素和矿物质的预混物以及10%葡聚糖组成。
预混物A、B或者它们的混合物可以猪饲料的形式使用。这些混合物特别适合用作以下时期的饲料:在运输猪或者在圈中不同的位置转移或者抵抗力下降时。
这些预混物还可用作阉割后的小猪饲料,作为已知的小猪饲料的添加剂或者替代品。
II、对经由肠紧密结合部的转运的影响
使用已确立的模型来测定所用多糖的作用。
使实验动物如大鼠或豚鼠麻醉。然后切开胃壁,结扎回肠。取出肠组织,并从其上剥离肌肉层。将所得的肠组织在两个室之间拉伸,并通过这两个室流入加氧溶液(图1)。肠组织用缓冲液(对照或者零值)或者在缓冲液中的癸酸盐处理,以使紧密结合部开放(100%渗透性),或者用在缓冲液中的癸酸盐与特定浓度的多糖组合处理。作为渗透性的量度,根据已知的方法测量HRP(辣根过氧化酶)跨过肠组织的转运。
实验结果如图2-5所示。
图2显示了葡聚糖(70kD)对癸酸盐导致的豚鼠肠上皮中HRP流量增加的体外影响。
图3显示了经水解的tara胶(900D)对2μM马耳他素影响下的Caco-2细胞中HRP流量的体外作用。可以看出,tara胶抑制了马耳他素导致的副细胞渗透性增加。
图4显示了各种葡聚糖对2μM马耳他素影响下的Caco-2细胞中HRP流量的体外作用。图中Phar代表Pharmacosmos。
图5显示了葡聚糖对缺血导致的猪肠中HRP流量增加的影响。该图涉及完全麻醉下的猪,其中截取空肠尾侧的部分。测定猪中5.6g/l葡聚糖(70kD)(D)在原位缺血再灌注模型中随缺血持续时间的作用,以与对照(C)相比,在对照组中,在缺血期间没有在肠腔中引入葡聚糖。在葡聚糖的影响下,发现与对照值相比HRP流量明显下降。
由患有微绒毛包含疾病(MVID)的儿童中抽取十二指肠活检组织。在Ussing腔室中,这些组织所显示的对HRP的渗透性比正常值高4倍。在Ussing腔室中向空室添加70kD葡聚糖使浓度为4.2g/l,则渗透性降低至正常水平。用电子显微镜在副细胞空间或者紧密结合部中没有进一步检测出HRP。用分子量为150kD的葡聚糖得到相应的值。
图6显示了用分子量为70kD的葡聚糖进行的该实验的结果。在120分钟后,在添加和未添加葡聚糖的组中,检测到渗透性有明显的差异。
Claims (11)
1、一种或者多种不易消化的多糖在制备用于通过降低高于4000Da的高分子量物质、过敏原经由肠壁吸收来防止或者治疗过敏、过敏反应和炎性疾病的营养组合物中的应用,所述多糖选自于以下组中:经水解的甘露聚糖、经水解的葡甘露聚糖和经水解的半乳甘露聚糖,所述多糖的分子量为0.5-1000kD,
其前提是由于所述多糖导致的组合物粘度升高不超过20mPa·s。
2、如权利要求1所述的应用,其是用于降低高于4000Da的高分子量物质及过敏原通过肠紧密结合部的转运。
3、如权利要求1或2所述的应用,其是用于防止或者治疗在情感和物理压力下产生的过敏、过敏反应和炎性疾病,缺血,手术期间以及之后的再灌注损伤,放射治疗和/或化学治疗癌症患者以及炎性肠道疾病,腹泻和过敏。
4、一种或者多种不易消化的多糖在制备用于通过降低高于4000Da的高分子量物质、过敏原和微生物经由肠壁吸收来防止或者治疗脓毒病的营养组合物中的应用,所述多糖选自于以下组中:分子量为8-40000kD的葡聚糖、分子量为0.5-1000kD的经水解的甘露聚糖、分子量为0.5-1000kD的经水解的葡甘露聚糖和分子量为0.5-1000kD的经水解的半乳甘露聚糖,
其前提是由于所述多糖导致的组合物粘度升高不超过20mPa·s。
5.如权利要求4所述的应用,其中所述葡聚糖的分子量为20-2000kD。
6.如权利要求4或5所述的应用,其是用于降低高于4000Da的高分子量物质、过敏原及微生物通过肠紧密结合部的转运。
7、如权利要求1或2所述的应用,其中组合物中所述多糖的量使肠道中这些多糖的浓度为0.1-20g/l。
8、如权利要求7的应用,其中所述肠道中多糖的浓度为0.5-10g/l。
9.如权利要求7的应用,其中所述肠道中多糖的浓度为1-6g/l。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的应用,其中所述营养组合物为完全食品的形式。
11.如权利要求1或2所述的应用,其中所述营养组合物为食品增补剂的形式。
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NL1013175A NL1013175C2 (nl) | 1999-09-29 | 1999-09-29 | Voedingssamenstellingen die niet-verteerbare polysacchariden bevatten en gebruik ervan voor het verminderen van transport door tight junctions. |
NL1013175 | 1999-09-29 |
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CN1377235A CN1377235A (zh) | 2002-10-30 |
CN1269420C true CN1269420C (zh) | 2006-08-16 |
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US (1) | US6730661B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1217902B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2003513893A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1269420C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE279865T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU7971700A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60015167T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2225238T3 (zh) |
NL (1) | NL1013175C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2001033975A1 (zh) |
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AU4286401A (en) * | 2000-03-13 | 2001-09-24 | Id-Lelystad, Instituut Voor Dierhouderij En Diergezondheid B.V. | Intestinal uptake of macromolecules |
US20030004215A1 (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2003-01-02 | Van Laere Katrien Maria Jozefa | Dietetic preparation and method for inhibiting intestinal carbohydrate absorption |
JP4180258B2 (ja) * | 2001-08-06 | 2008-11-12 | 西川ゴム工業株式会社 | IgE抗体抑制剤および食品 |
US8685943B2 (en) * | 2003-03-12 | 2014-04-01 | Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. | Methods for reducing diarrhea in a companion animal |
ES2309901T3 (es) * | 2003-10-24 | 2008-12-16 | N.V. Nutricia | Oligosacaridos inmunomoduladores. |
JP4728572B2 (ja) * | 2003-11-11 | 2011-07-20 | 国立大学法人広島大学 | アレルギー体質改善剤 |
KR20060127874A (ko) * | 2003-12-12 | 2006-12-13 | 타이요 카가꾸 가부시키가이샤 | 장질환 개선용 조성물 |
DE102004041285A1 (de) * | 2004-08-25 | 2006-03-02 | Gudrun Kotthoff | Verwendung löslicher Ballaststoffe in Nahrungsmitteln |
US7265090B2 (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2007-09-04 | Gp Medical, Inc. | Nanoparticles for paracellular drug delivery |
EP2046347A2 (en) * | 2006-07-20 | 2009-04-15 | Gourmetceuticals, LLC | Phosphorylated glucomannan polysaccharide for receptor mediated activation and maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells |
JP6753109B2 (ja) * | 2015-04-01 | 2020-09-09 | 大正製薬株式会社 | リーキーガットの予防又は改善用組成物 |
DE102017115870A1 (de) * | 2017-07-14 | 2019-01-17 | Strathmann Gmbh & Co. Kg | Immunprophylaxe bei Allgemeininfektionen |
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GB153013A (en) * | 1915-04-26 | 1921-12-22 | Robert H Hassler Inc | Improvements in radius-rod attachment means |
GB8402573D0 (en) * | 1984-02-01 | 1984-03-07 | Fisons Plc | Oral formulation |
JPS60190717A (ja) * | 1984-03-09 | 1985-09-28 | Meito Sangyo Kk | 脂質低下剤 |
JP2639726B2 (ja) * | 1989-02-27 | 1997-08-13 | 森永乳業株式会社 | 水溶性食物繊維およびその製造法 |
JP2753726B2 (ja) * | 1989-03-22 | 1998-05-20 | 合同酒精株式会社 | 低分子グアーガム、その製造法およびそれを含有する飲食品 |
DE69108846T2 (de) * | 1990-10-24 | 1995-10-12 | Sandoz Nutrition Ltd | Vollwertnahrung aus hydrolysierten löslichen Faserstoffen. |
ITBO990139A1 (it) | 1999-03-26 | 2000-09-26 | Piero Brunetti | Sistema per la gestione informatica della decorazione di prodotti alimentari . |
-
1999
- 1999-09-29 NL NL1013175A patent/NL1013175C2/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-09-29 WO PCT/NL2000/000697 patent/WO2001033975A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-09-29 JP JP2001535996A patent/JP2003513893A/ja active Pending
- 2000-09-29 AT AT00970318T patent/ATE279865T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-09-29 CN CNB008136386A patent/CN1269420C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-09-29 DE DE60015167T patent/DE60015167T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-29 EP EP00970318A patent/EP1217902B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-29 ES ES00970318T patent/ES2225238T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-29 US US10/089,371 patent/US6730661B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US6730661B1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
NL1013175C2 (nl) | 2001-03-30 |
CN1377235A (zh) | 2002-10-30 |
ES2225238T3 (es) | 2005-03-16 |
ATE279865T1 (de) | 2004-11-15 |
JP2003513893A (ja) | 2003-04-15 |
EP1217902A1 (en) | 2002-07-03 |
EP1217902B1 (en) | 2004-10-20 |
DE60015167T2 (de) | 2006-02-02 |
DE60015167D1 (de) | 2004-11-25 |
WO2001033975A1 (en) | 2001-05-17 |
AU7971700A (en) | 2001-06-06 |
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