CN1261996A - 多模式直接变频接收机 - Google Patents

多模式直接变频接收机 Download PDF

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CN1261996A
CN1261996A CN98806831A CN98806831A CN1261996A CN 1261996 A CN1261996 A CN 1261996A CN 98806831 A CN98806831 A CN 98806831A CN 98806831 A CN98806831 A CN 98806831A CN 1261996 A CN1261996 A CN 1261996A
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signal
frequency
receiver
band
communication
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CN1123134C (zh
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M·伊斯贝里
B·林德奎斯特
P·雅科布松
J·塞兰德
K·古斯塔夫松
L·P·昆克尔
T·卡尔松
J·曼纳斯塔勒
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06Receivers
    • H04B1/16Circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02Terminal devices
    • H04W88/06Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03JTUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS
    • H03J5/00Discontinuous tuning; Selecting predetermined frequencies; Selecting frequency bands with or without continuous tuning in one or more of the bands, e.g. push-button tuning, turret tuner
    • H03J5/24Discontinuous tuning; Selecting predetermined frequencies; Selecting frequency bands with or without continuous tuning in one or more of the bands, e.g. push-button tuning, turret tuner with a number of separate pretuned tuning circuits or separate tuning elements selectively brought into circuit, e.g. for waveband selection or for television channel selection
    • H03J5/242Discontinuous tuning; Selecting predetermined frequencies; Selecting frequency bands with or without continuous tuning in one or more of the bands, e.g. push-button tuning, turret tuner with a number of separate pretuned tuning circuits or separate tuning elements selectively brought into circuit, e.g. for waveband selection or for television channel selection used exclusively for band selection
    • H03J5/244Discontinuous tuning; Selecting predetermined frequencies; Selecting frequency bands with or without continuous tuning in one or more of the bands, e.g. push-button tuning, turret tuner with a number of separate pretuned tuning circuits or separate tuning elements selectively brought into circuit, e.g. for waveband selection or for television channel selection used exclusively for band selection using electronic means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/005Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/005Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges
    • H04B1/0053Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges with common antenna for more than one band
    • H04B1/0057Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges with common antenna for more than one band using diplexing or multiplexing filters for selecting the desired band
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/005Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges
    • H04B1/0053Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges with common antenna for more than one band
    • H04B1/006Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges with common antenna for more than one band using switches for selecting the desired band
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/40Circuits
    • H04B1/403Circuits using the same oscillator for generating both the transmitter frequency and the receiver local oscillator frequency
    • H04B1/406Circuits using the same oscillator for generating both the transmitter frequency and the receiver local oscillator frequency with more than one transmission mode, e.g. analog and digital modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Superheterodyne Receivers (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
  • Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)

Abstract

一种多模式接收机,采用了直接变频(用频率在接收信号频带范围内的中频信号处理接收到的信号)而不是超外差式电路,从而能够重复使用接收机硬件,而不是在接收机里为每一频带都制作相同的部件。公布了各种实施方案,其中的低通滤波器、混频器、正交信号发生器、振荡器和放大器都是重复使用的。

Description

多模式直接变频接收机
发明领域
本发明总的涉及多频带无线通信装置和系统。具体地说,本发明涉及采用直接变频方式而不是采用超外差式电路的多频带无线通信装置和系统。
发明背景
由于无线通信领域持续地快速发展,所用系统和频带数量的不断增加跟用户对移动性的要求相冲突。也就是说,不同的消费者加入技术标准不同的无线通信系统时会出现问题。为了避免出现这一问题,出现了全球标准系统,其中所有无线通信系统都使用同一个频带。然而,这一解决方案并不现实,因为无线通信系统的运营商都希望从它们已经投了资的许多不同现存系统或正在建设中的系统中获得最大的回报。此外,历史经验告诉我们,要让所有制造商都同意采用同一个标准是极其困难的。
在存在多个无线通信系统的地方最大限度地提供移动性的另一个方案是,将双模式或多模式功能集成到无线通信装置里去,让用户能够在不同的无线通信系统里通信。在不同的无线通信系统用不同的载频或频带工作,但采用相同调制方案和相同基带信号处理方案的地方,尤其需要这一解决方案。著名的全球移动通信系统(GSM)、个人通信业务(PCS)和数字通信系统(DCS)都有这种类似的地方。
但几乎所有已知的无线通信装置都是单频带型的,因为限定了尺寸和成本以后,很难将多频带功能集成到一个无线通信装置里去。更进一步,多数无线通信装置的接收机都采用超外差电路,其中收到的第一个频率的信号都变换成一个或更多的第二个中频信号,交给接收机处理。中频可以跟第一个频率完全不同。图1说明了一种示例性的已知超外差式接收机,其中的天线10收到信号,用带通滤波器12滤波,放大器14放大,并用混频器16和本地振荡器LO 1变换到第一个中频。然后由带通滤波器18、放大器20处理第一中频信号,并由混频器22和本地振荡器LO 2变换到第二中频。第二中频信号在带通滤波器24里滤波并由其它的电路(没有画出)进一步处理。由于超外差式接收机要用多个频率来处理信号,因此接收机里没有许多重复的硬件就很难获得多模式功能。
所以,非常需要一种无线通信系统,它能接收多频带信号,而同时又能使重复的接收机硬件最少。
发明简述
本发明的无线通信装置能够接收多频带信号,同时又不需要明显重复的硬件,从而解决了上面提到的难题,除此以外它还有许多其它的优点。为此,本发明的无线通信装置采用了直接变频,其中或者不使用中频,或者所有的频率变换都限制在接收频带以内。
本发明第一个实施方案中的多频带通信接收机包括一付天线或者其它接收装置,用来从多个频带中的一个接收通信信号;一个或多个带通滤波器,用来对多个频带中的每一个信号滤波;放大器,用于有选择性地放大经过了滤波的多个频带之一的信号;一个或多个正交信号发生器,利用放大了的信号产生同相和正交信号;低通滤波器,用来对同相和正交信号滤波;以及基带信号处理电路,用来处理经过低通滤波的同相和正交信号。正交信号的频率在接收信号的频率范围以内。
本发明重复使用接收机电路的某些部分以简化电路。因此,本发明其它实施方案里的低噪声放大器被分成频率专用放大器部分和普通放大器部分,其中的混频器、正交信号发生器和/或压控振荡器都是重复使用的。因为采用的是直接变频,所以可以用低通滤波器对正交信号滤波,从而取代一般超外差式接收机中的带通滤波器。由于低通滤波器比带通滤波器更容易实现,因此接收机电路可以进一步简化。
附图简述
通过阅读下面的优选实施方案详述并参考附图,可以获得对本发明更全面的了解,附图中相似的标识用来表示相似的部件,其中:
图1是普通超外差式接收机的框图;
图2是本发明第一个优选实施方案中直接变频接收机的框图;
图3是本发明第二个优选实施方案中直接变频接收机的框图;
图4是本发明第三个优选实施方案中直接变频接收机的框图;和
图5是本发明第四个优选实施方案中直接变频接收机的框图。
优选实施方案详述
图2是本发明直接变频接收机第一个优选实施方案的框图。这一接收机有一付天线10用于接收信号,和一个频带分离器30用来从接收信号中分出第一和第二个频带的信号。第一个和第二个带通滤波器12a和12b分别对第一个和第二个频带的信号滤波。这些带通滤波器都是频率(频带)专用的,如果接收机的线性较好就可以省略它们。另外,如果用了带通滤波器,就可以省略频带分离器30。多数情况下,需要带通滤波器来降低功耗。作为另一种选择,有一个输入端和多个输出端(每个频带一个输出)的一个多频带滤波器可以替代频带分离器30和带通滤波器12a和12b。滤波器12a和12b输出的信号分别交给处理单元32a和32b,将经过带通滤波了的信号变成基带信号用于进一步处理。根据选择的是哪一个频带,处理单元32a和32b产生第一个频带或第二个频带信号的同相和正交分量。频带选择可以由用户来完成,或者由收到的通信信号中提供的控制信号来进行。处理单元32a和32b中分别有低噪声放大器34a和34b,以及混频电路。因为每一个处理单元32a和32b的混频电路都基本相同,所以这里只介绍处理单元32a中的混频电路。处理单元32a中的混频电路有一个用于产生振荡信号的压控振荡器(VCO)36a、将振荡器信号分成同相(I)和正交(Q)分量(即信号在相位上相差90°)的正交信号发生器38a和分别将放大器34a的输出跟I信号和Q信号混频的混频器40a和41a。处理单元32b的混频电路同样输出同一频带的I和Q信号。正交信号发生器38a和38b产生驱动混频器的正交信号。
根据直接变频原理,混频器40a、b和41a、b的输出信号跟收到的信号都是同一频带的信号。因此,振荡器36a和36b的信号跟收到的信号都属于同一频带,尽管第一频带跟第二频带不同。这样,在直接变频中,接收机的许多硬件都可以重复使用,因为没有一个中频超出收到信号的频带范围。在图2里,低通滤波器42a和42b都被重复使用。
将选中的处理单元输出的同相(I)和正交(Q)信号分别提供给同相低通滤波器42a和正交低通滤波器42b。低通滤波器42a和42b的带宽最好是可编程的,以便让接收机适应带宽不同的两个频带。然后将滤波以后的I和Q信号传递给基带信号处理电路44,基带信号处理电路44可以是本领域里熟知的那种普通基带信号处理电路。显然,由于直接变频避免了使用接收信号频带范围以外的中频,因此处理单元32a和32b的输出信号可以用低通滤波器而不是带通滤波器滤波。相反,由于超外差式接收机使用接收信号频带以外的中频,带通滤波器就必不可少。这一差别使得直接变频有一个显著的优点,因为低通滤波器比带通滤波器更容易实现,而且可编程低通滤波器比可编程带通滤波器更容易实现。由于频道选择滤波可以用可编程低通滤波器来完成,因此可以让接收机实现双频带接收,其中的两个频带带宽不同。如果集成为模拟或数字滤波器,带宽可编程低通滤波器设计起来相对容易。相反,带通滤波器通常是分立器件,无法通过编程而实现不同的带宽。更进一步,图2中直接变频接收机相对简单的结构简化了无线通信装置的频率规划。显然,虽然这里只用双频带接收机进行说明,但本发明的原理完全可以用于设计三个或更多频带的接收机。
图3是本发明第二个实施方案的框图。在这一实施方案里,只用一个混频电路对放大过的所有频带的信号混频,该混频电路只有一个压控振荡器(VCO)36,有两个混频器40和41。混频电路产生同相(I)和正交(Q)信号,然后用低通滤波器42a和42b滤波。在这一实施方案里,压控振荡器36的带宽应该相对较宽,足以包括接收机能接收的所有频带。或者可以让压控振荡器36在多个振荡频率之间切换。还有,正交信号发生器38可以用一个分频器来代替,它利用压控振荡器36产生的振荡信号产生正交本振(LO)信号。将一个信号的频率二分频,可以得到两个正交信号。将频率为2f的差分信号进行二分频,用每一个信号的上升沿控制分频信号的边缘。因为频率为2f的信号的半波长等于频率为f的信号的四分之一波长,所以这样得到的信号就是正交信号。如果使用分频器,压控振荡器36的工作频率就应当是所需本振信号的频率的若干倍;例如,对于工作在一个或两个频率上的正交信号发生器,分频器分别用2或者2和4分频。这一方法需要更好的半导体工艺,更高fT或者更大的电流;但这一方法是一个更可靠的宽带方法,还可以减少杂散发射。尽管在这一个实施方案里只用了一个正交信号发生器和一个压控振荡器,但显然可以将多个压控振荡器(配备合适的开关装置)跟一个正交信号发生器一起使用,或者多个压控振荡器跟多个正交信号发生器一起使用,或者一个压控振荡器跟多个正交信号发生器一起使用。
图4是本发明第三个实施方案的框图。这一实施方案除了将放大器分开了以外,跟图3中的实施方案基本相似。具体地说,低噪声放大器34a和34b都是频带专用的,低噪声放大器34c则是适合于两个或更多频带的普通低噪声放大器,或者包括低噪声放大器的一部分,使得34a和34c的组合构成一个完整的低噪声放大器(换句话说,一个低噪声放大器的一部分可以用于多个频带)。将低噪声放大器分成频带专用部分和通用部分使得低噪声放大器装置的第一部分(放大器34a和34b)能够进行频带选择,通过重复使用低噪声放大器电路的一部分可以降低整个电路的复杂性。如果这一多频带接收机要接收GSM和DCS信号,那就最好是每一个频带都使用一个频带专用低噪声放大器,因为GSM低噪声放大器中的电流消耗要比DCS低噪声放大器中的电流消耗小;因此,将放大器分开可以降低接收机的电流消耗。
图5是本发明第四个实施方案的框图。图5中的实施方案说明的是接收三个频带(例如GSM、DCS和PCS)的三频带接收机。这一实施方案综合了图2和图3两个实施方案的特点;显然还可以设计出其它的组合方式。在这一实施方案里,频带分离器30将接收信号中的三个频带分离出来,带通滤波器12a、12b和12c对分离出来的信号滤波,得到三个频带的信号(在这一实例里分别是GSM、DCS和PCS)。GSM信号分支包括一个处理单元32a,它跟图2中的那一个单元基本相同。处理单元32a分别将同相(I)信号和正交(Q)信号输出给同相和正交低通滤波器42a和42b。这一电路的DCS和PCS分支各自都有自己的低噪声放大器34b和34d,它们还包括一个单独的混频电路单元,该单元有一个可调、可编程或可切换的宽带压控振荡器36,就象前面参考图4所描述的一样。公用的混频电路单元产生同相和正交信号并将这些信号分别提供给同相和正交低通滤波器42a和42b。
显然,按照本发明的原理,除了可以有上述电路组合以外,还可以有许多其它的电路组合。例如,可以轻而易举地修改图5里的实施方案,使其中公用的单个混频电路和压控振荡器电路分支包括频带专用和公用低噪声放大器。通过减少变频次数,使每一次变频得到的频率都处于接收信号的频带范围内(即直接变频),就可以在信号处理方面得到很大的好处。具体地说,通过重复使用低噪声放大器、正交信号发生器、混频器、压控振荡器和低通滤波器,可以大大地简化多模式通信接收机。此外,由于利用了直接变频原理,可以在通常需要超外差式电路的地方用低噪声放大器取代带通滤波器。由于实现可编程低通滤波器比实现带通滤波器更加容易,接收机电路可以进一步简化。
尽管前面的描述既具体又详细,但是应当知道,进行这些描述只是为了进行说明。对本领域里的普通技术人员来说,可以对它们进行许多的修改,而不会偏离本发明的实质和范围,这些实质和范围由以下权利要求和它们的法律等价条款来规定。

Claims (19)

1.一种多频带通信接收机,包括:
接收装置,用来接收多个频带之一的通信信号,收到的通信信号有一定的带宽;
放大装置,用来有选择地放大收到的多个频带中一个频带的通信信号;
正交信号发生装置,用于利用放大了的信号产生同相和正交信号;
低通滤波器装置,用于对同相和正交信号滤波;和
基带信号处理装置,用于处理滤波后的同相和正交信号。
2.权利要求1的接收机,还包括带通滤波装置,用于对多个频带中每一个频带的通信信号滤波。
3.权利要求1的接收机,其中的正交信号发生装置包括混频装置,用于将放大了的信号跟同相和正交振荡器信号混合,这一振荡器信号的频率处于接收到的通信信号的频带以内。
4.权利要求1的接收机,其中的低通滤波器装置有一个带宽可编程的低通滤波器。
5.权利要求1的接收机,其中的正交信号发生装置包括一个单独的压控振荡器。
6.权利要求1的接收机,其中的正交信号发生装置包括多个压控振荡器。
7.权利要求1的接收机,其中对于多个频带中的每一个频带,放大器装置都包括至少一个频带专用低噪声放大器。
8.权利要求7的接收机,其中的放大器装置还包括至少一个公用放大器,用于放大频率专用低噪声放大器的输出信号。
9.权利要求1的接收机,其中的正交信号发生装置包括一个正交信号发生器,由多个频带中的两个或更多个公用。
10.权利要求1的接收机,其中的正交信号发生装置包括多个正交信号发生器。
11.权利要求1的接收机,其中的正交信号发生装置包括至少一个可选振荡频率的振荡器。
12.权利要求1的接收机,其中的正交信号发生装置至少包括一个振荡器和一个分频装置,用于对至少一个振荡器中的一个产生的信号分频。
13.权利要求1的接收机,其中的多个频带每一个带宽都不相同。
14.接收通信信号的一种方法,包括以下步骤:
接收多个频带中任意一个的通信信号,通信信号有一定的带宽;
用带通滤波器对收到的通信信号滤波;
放大用带通滤波器滤过波的信号;
将经过带通滤波的信号跟同相和正交振荡器信号混频产生同相和正交接收信号;和
分别用一个低通同相滤波器和一个低通正交滤波器对同相接收信号和正交接收信号进行低通滤波。
15.权利要求14的方法,其中的同相接收信号和正交接收信号处于通信信号的频带以内。
16.权利要求14的方法,其中低通同相滤波器和低通正交滤波器的带宽都是可编程的,可以改变它们使它们适应不同带宽的通信信号。
17.权利要求14的方法,在混频步骤之前还包括从频率可变振荡器信号产生同相和正交振荡器信号的步骤。
18.权利要求14的方法,其中在放大步骤里,首先在频率专用低噪声放大器里放大经过了带通滤波的信号,然后在能够放大不同频率范围信号的普通低噪声放大器里放大经过第一次放大了的信号。
19.权利要求14的方法,在混频步骤之前还包括产生第一个振荡器信号,将这一振荡器信号分频,产生同相和正交振荡器信号的步骤。
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CA2295292A1 (en) 1999-01-14
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US6029052A (en) 2000-02-22
BR9810376A (pt) 2000-12-05
CN1123134C (zh) 2003-10-01
RU2202854C2 (ru) 2003-04-20
KR100540409B1 (ko) 2006-01-10
HK1029461A1 (en) 2001-03-30
EP0995267A2 (en) 2000-04-26
WO1999001933A2 (en) 1999-01-14
CA2295292C (en) 2008-06-10
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TR199903304T2 (xx) 2000-06-21
AU8135998A (en) 1999-01-25

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