CN1242931A - Method for planting medical plant eucommia in the north which usually planted in the south - Google Patents
Method for planting medical plant eucommia in the north which usually planted in the south Download PDFInfo
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- CN1242931A CN1242931A CN 99113123 CN99113123A CN1242931A CN 1242931 A CN1242931 A CN 1242931A CN 99113123 CN99113123 CN 99113123 CN 99113123 A CN99113123 A CN 99113123A CN 1242931 A CN1242931 A CN 1242931A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for planting medicinal plant eucommia ulmoides in the North of China, including the method for planting sapling of eucommia ulmoides produced in the South of China in the North of China and another method for cultivating seedling in the North of China by using eucommia ulmoides seed produced in the South of China.
Description
What the present invention relates to is a kind of cultivation method of medicinal plant, particularly with south growth medicinal arbor---gutta-percha tree is transplanted northerly successful methods.
The bark of eucommia has another name called river Zhong popular name and pulls a skin, thinks the second month in a season, silk flosssilk wadding skin, five skins etc.It is a kind of conventional Chinese medicine material, is grown in southern a kind of deciduous tree, and plant can be up to 20 meters.In the conventional at all times prescription, be used as medicine, have strengthening the bones and muscles, kidney tonifying, function such as antiabortive with its bark, be used for the treatment of suffer from a deficiency of the kidney, disease such as Low Back Pain, waist-leg weakness, fetal irritability; Modern medicine thinks that it also has the effect of cholesterol reducing, and leaf also is used as the raw material of " kidney tea ".
Along with the development of China's traditional Chinese medicine and going deep into of open policy; the demand of the bark of eucommia increases day by day; for many years; medicinal bark of eucommia market is tight slightly always; especially in recent years, some areas were not enough to wild medicine source protection, the supporting regardless of medicinal trees of gathering by all means; even chop at a tree and strip off the skin, cause the source exhaustion of bark of eucommia medicine." take measures as early as possible, save bark of eucommia seeds " just once appealed in the Guizhou Province of one of major production areas of the bark of eucommia in 1991 " Guizhou daily paper ".Meanwhile, the price of bark of eucommia medicinal material goes up rapidly, and per kilogram rose to 50 yuan of per kilograms from 0.8 yuan so far from 80 years, had gone up more than 60 times.Purchase the requirement of bark of eucommia medicinal material in the past and scrape off tertia, need not remove tertia now, the root skin that the past, nobody want, a branch skin have also all been gone into medicinal, and bark of eucommia leaf is also purchased and sold Japan, and visible bark of eucommia medicinal material society is badly in need of and the situation of medicine source shortage.
The bark of eucommia is a kind of perennial woody plant, and vegetative period is long, could picking leaves after 1 year, can receive bark after 10 years, and though it is slow to plant the gutta-percha tree income on the other hand, it is again the big and permanent reliable industry of being benefited of investment once of income.The bark of eucommia also has multiple use in addition, and the research of carrying out the bark of eucommia also has the wide world.How enlarging the plantation scope of the bark of eucommia, satisfy the needs of society to bark of eucommia medicinal material fast, for society opens up new growth engines, is the problem of some prophet's thinkings.The area of bark of eucommia suitable growth is 98 °-119 ° of east longitudes, between 20 °-35 ° of the north latitude, and the mountain area that height above sea level is about 1000 meters, annual precipitation is more than 1000mm, and humidity is more than 70%, and promptly it is grown in subtropics or warm temperate zone, usually the coldest month 0 ℃ of temperature---8 ℃, year-round average temperature is at 25 ℃.The main area that distributes is the some areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Guangxi, Chongqing and Shaanxi, Henan, Gansu.And China's Liaoning Area is positioned at 119 ° of east longitudes---between 126 °, between 39 °-43 ° of the north latitude, relative moisture 30%---50%, the coldest month temperature-20 ℃----8 ℃, winter is long, and mean temperature of air is low, and dry and rainless, therefore since the dawn of human civilization, the Northeast does not cultivate into the merits and demerits precious Chinese herbal medicine---the precedent of the bark of eucommia.
Purpose of the present invention is exactly, and provides a series of barks of eucommia northerly cultivation method, reaches planting in the north which usually planted in the south, enlarges the cultivation scope, creates the condition of carrying out the new manor of bark of eucommia plant scientific research.
Content of the present invention comprises the method that southern bark of eucommia sapling is grown seedlings and cultivates in the method and the southern eucommia bark seed north of north:
(1) southern sapling is in the method for north: the little sapling that will gather in south, culture transferring is to the method in the north in the fall, and at first dried through preventing, the low temperature method of preserving moisture is handled, and tides over first winter, in booth, carry out winter protection adaptability after the beginning of spring and plant, and in booth, tide over second winter; The 3rd is to the sapling in the booth, carries out trunk bark and thicken the processing of winter protection method when July; The 4th, the sapling after above-mentioned processing is implanted the earth second spring; The 5th, the little tree of implanting the earth is implemented antifreezing measures to root and limb before passing the winter; The 6th, according to circumstances improve soil regime, increase corresponding nutrient.
Saidly anti-do, the low temperature method of preserving moisture is handled, and is after the sapling of gathering from south is transported to the north, oblique cutting dense planting in pure damp sand, only treetop exposes, and adds a cover the stalk kind covering above again until the next spring.
Said winter protection adaptability is planted, be with low temperature preserve moisture tide over winter under the situation the dense planting of little tree seedling in plastic tunnel, keep being not less than subzero 5 ℃ temperature, and in booth, cross second winter through the summer after autumn.
Said trunk bark thickens the winter protection method, is that the sapling of planting in booth grew after July, will cut out several uniform opennings along the height of tree is suitable at the trunk bark more than the surface with small blade, is deep to phloem.To autumn Mo bark can obviously thicken because of cut channel, and look more firm with xylem.
Said little usage tree root and limb antifreezing measures are to dig a garden shape groove around little usage tree root, fill up winnow remaining grass, shell composite soil or ash in the groove, also cover this type of composite soil and cover ranker again on root buries soil.On limb, adopt pack etc. antifreeze.
(2) eucommia bark seed of gathering from south stores in the north and passes the winter, and the method that plantation is grown seedlings in the beginning of spring: at first adopt vacuum cold to protect oil process preservation seed and spend the autumn and winter; Germinate the seed of keeping spring in indoor low-temperature germination method, at last seeds germinated is implanted in plastic tunnel or the hut, and adopts the oxygenation planting method to grow saplings.
It is that seed is packed in the vacuum tank that said vacuum cold is protected oil process, pumps air, remains between subzero 2 ℃ to 5 ℃ above freezing.
Said low-temperature germination method is that the seed of vacuum cold is taken out, and after soaking in 20 ℃ of warm water, mixes thoroughly with sand and to be placed in the wooden case, and it is indoor that germinating box is placed on 5 ℃ of left and right sides, and with rising naturally of room temperature in spring, seed is sprouted naturally.
Said oxygenation planting method be when growing seedlings on the seedbed the broken leaf of shop one deck earlier, loam cake thin layer seedling soil above then the seed of sprouting being sprinkling upon, covers the skim leaf mould on seed; Also can adopt the method that isothermal replenishes air in another canopy.
Advantage of the present invention is, it passes through analysis of science, grasped the key of bark of eucommia medicinal material planting in the north which usually planted in the south, thereby taked measure targetedly, northern area and bark of eucommia original producton location have been solved in temperature, humidity, soil composition, acid-base value and moisture content, the difference of the variation of weather or the like factor, go through the test in 10 years, southern bark of eucommia sapling is cultivated successfully vegetatively non-, and make eucommia bark seed successfully be saved in spring in the north and grow seedlings successfully, these two achievements are that solid foundation has been laid in the northerly cultivation of gutta-percha tree, increased new growth engines for northern agriculture and forestry economically, on social effect, left new road, provide condition for the new purposes of the developmental research bark of eucommia from scientific research for the shortage of alleviating bark of eucommia herb resource.
Details of the present invention describes in detail by following examples:
One, southern sapling is transplanted the method in the north:
The general southern planting-season is sold seedling also in the fall in the fall, selects healthy and strong anosis sapling, and root is stained with and is wrapped up in pure mud, with transporting to the north behind the wet straw bag parcel.For little tree seedling safety is passed the winter, next spring normally survives, and is implanted in Liaoning the earth, must take the low temperature processing of preserving moisture earlier, way is to prepare pure damp sand, and humidity is kept more than 70%, sapling is inserted dense planting in the damp sand with 45 ° of directions that tilt to face south, and treetop exposes the outer 20cm of sand.Topped damp sand thickness is at 20cm---covering covering 30cm such as beanstalk or corn stalk above the 30cm damp sand again---40cm.The little tree shoot survival percent of preserving like this is 80%-90%.
After southern sapling passed the winter in damp sand, next dense planting in February in spring was carried out winter protection adaptability and is planted in plastic tunnel.This is to pass by never in the bark of eucommia growth.Greenhouse temperature keeps being not less than subzero 5 ℃, and summer, booth removed, and in the time of the year when autumn changes into winter, booth is erected passed the winter again.
The sapling of dense planting in booth carries out trunk bark in July and thickens the freeze proofing processing, promptly on the trunk more than the ground, cuts out three opennings that symmetry is uniform along short transverse with small blade, is deep to bast minister 8cm---10cm.Bark can obviously thicken because of cut channel during to autumn Mo, thickens 1.5 than cut channel not---and 2 times, and look more firm with xylem, thus strengthen the winter protection ability.
The sapling of tiding over second winter in booth is implanted the earth during again to spring, time of the year when autumn changes into winter will be done antifreeze processing: the circular groove that digs a radius 60cm around the sapling of plantation, dark 40cm---50cm, in ditch, insert winnow remaining grass, shell composite soil or ash, top, ground around trunk, it is thick to cover same composite soil or ash 15cm-20cm, cover the thick soil of 5cm again, the purpose of doing like this is that the root system of sapling and outer Jie's cold air are intercepted, can play antifreeze effect in two years, and composite soil also can be made fertilizer.Trunk can be antifreeze with pack.
Improve the soil: the soil in the north and the soil in bark of eucommia original producton location are in acid-base value, trace element, all there is difference aspects such as content of organics, when little tree shoot root system is flourishing inadequately, will be according to concrete mensuration, the material that needs are additional is mixed into nutrient and waters or spray.
Two, northerly storage of southern eucommia bark seed and seedling method.
Eucommia bark seed the south maturing stage 7---September, and time of Liaoning sowing generally about April, that is to say that seed transports to Liaoning and need deposit more than seven months.And eucommia bark seed is deposited three months germination rates and will be reduced greatly, deposits the half a year germination rate and reduces more than 50%, deposits and just loses the germination function in 1 year.Deposit and affirm more than seven months that major part has lost germinating capacity.For eucommia bark seed can also be kept normal germinating growth ability, and grow into little tree in exceed the time limit to deposit, we take following method to preserve seed and grow seedlings.
1, vacuum cold.The eucommia bark seed that south gathers is placed in the container airtight, pumps air, seed is in the vacuum environment, and container is placed-2---under 5 ℃ of indoor temperatures, can make seed " not run oil " like this, deposit seven months after, germinating capacity is preferably arranged as usual.
2, low-temperature germination.The seed of vacuum cold took out in the February in the coming year, was placed in 20 ℃ of warm water to soak 12 hours, mixed fine sand then in the seed and mixed thoroughly, and volume ratio is a sand 3: plant 1.About 5 kilograms of seeds need 170---200 kilograms of fine sands.Be placed on after mixing thoroughly in the vernalization wooden case, every case thickness is about 30cm, and germinating box is placed on above freezing about 5 ° indoor, and with the rising of temperature in spring, seed is sprouted gradually.
3, oxygenation is planted: during with the seed seedling-raising sprouted, need more oxygen, could improve germination rate.On the plastic tunnel or the seedbed in the hut of growing seedlings, spread the broken leaf of one deck earlier, thick about 3cm covers the 1cm fine earth above again, above the seed of sprouting is sprinkling upon, covers 2cm on the seed---the thick humus soil of 3cm.This method has improved the amount of oxygen that needs when germinateing greatly.Also can adopt during conditions permit and blow to this canopy from another canopy---the way of replenish air, but to notice that institute's air themperature of sending will be suitably.
4, the self-produced planting seed of Liaoning Area: adopt our the control oneself seed of the gutta-percha tree knot of planting 9 years, can vacuum cold to spring after low-temperature germination directly be seeded in again outdoor, strong many of the more southern seed of its cold resistance.Time of the year when autumn changes into winter is taked antifreezing measures as southern sapling.
The inventor introduced southern bark of eucommia sapling in Liaoning experimental culture since 1989, through nearly 10 years cultivation, maintenance, observation, making the bark of eucommia support to plant in Liaoning cultivates successfully, now, the gutta-percha tree of planting experimentally in Liaoning Area, the diameter of growth maximum is 17cm, nearly 8 meters of the height of tree, and born eucommia bark seed for the first time on the fertile soil northeastward.This self-produced seed can germinate through sowing, and growth has grown up to Xiao Du kind sapling.With the gutta-percha tree of inventor's method plantation Cheng Dashu tens strains, little tree 30,000 strains are arranged.Science, the practicality of inventive method have been proved.
Claims (9)
1, medicinal plant---the method for bark of eucommia planting in the north which usually planted in the south: the little sapling that will gather in south, culture transferring is to the method in the north in the fall, at first dried through preventing, the low temperature method of preserving moisture is handled, and tides over first winter, carries out winter protection adaptability after the beginning of spring and plant in plastic tunnel; And in booth, tide over second winter; The 3rd is the sapling in the plastic tunnel to be carried out trunk bark in July thicken the processing of winter protection method; The 4th, the sapling after above-mentioned processing, implant the earth second spring, and the 5th, to implanting the little tree of the earth, before passing the winter, root and limb are implemented antifreezing measures; The 6th, according to circumstances improve soil regime, increase corresponding nutrient.
2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, saidly anti-ly does, the low temperature method of preserving moisture handles, be after transporting to the north from the sapling that gather in south, oblique cutting dense planting in pure damp sand, treetop exposes, and adds a cover the stalk kind covering above again until the next spring.
3, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that said winter protection adaptability is planted, is low temperature to be preserved moisture tide over the little tree seedling dense planting in winter in plastic tunnel under the situation, keep being not less than subzero 5 ℃ temperature, and cross second winter after autumn the process summer again in booth.
4, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, it is that the sapling of planting in booth grew after the July that said trunk bark thickens the winter protection method, with small blade the trunk bark more than ground is cut out several uniform opennings along the height of tree is suitable, is deep to phloem.
5, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, said little usage tree root and limb antifreezing measures, be around little usage tree root, to dig a garden shape groove, fill up winnow remaining grass, shell composite soil or ash in the groove, on root buries soil, also cover this type of composite soil and cover ranker again, on limb, adopt pack etc. antifreeze.
6, medicinal plant---the method for bark of eucommia planting in the north which usually planted in the south, feature is to store in the north with the eucommia bark seed of gathering from south autumn and pass the winter, and plant the method for growing seedlings in the beginning of spring: at first adopt vacuum cold to protect oil process preservation seed and spend the autumn and winter; Then the seed of keeping is germinateed in indoor low-temperature germination method, at last seeds germinated is implanted in plastic tunnel or the hut, and adopt the oxygenation planting method to grow saplings.
7, method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, it is that seed is packed in the vacuum tank that said vacuum cold is protected oil process, pumps air, remains between subzero 2 ℃ to 5 ℃ above freezing.
8, method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, said low-temperature germination method is after the seed taking-up of vacuum cold is soaked in 20 ℃ of warm water, mix thoroughly with fine sand and to be placed in the wooden case, germinating box is placed on more than 5 ℃ indoor, and with the rising naturally of room temperature in spring, seed is sprouted naturally.
9, method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, said oxygenation planting method is when growing seedlings, on the seedbed of plastic tunnel, spread the broken leaf of one deck earlier, loam cake thin layer fine earth above then the seed of sprouting being sprinkling upon, covers the skim leaf mould on seed; Also can adopt the method for replenishing air from another canopy isothermal.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 99113123 CN1242931A (en) | 1999-07-21 | 1999-07-21 | Method for planting medical plant eucommia in the north which usually planted in the south |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 99113123 CN1242931A (en) | 1999-07-21 | 1999-07-21 | Method for planting medical plant eucommia in the north which usually planted in the south |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102972121A (en) * | 2012-11-25 | 2013-03-20 | 溧阳市天目湖保健品有限公司 | Treatment method of eucommia seed |
| CN105766510A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2016-07-20 | 重庆市万盛经开区黑山镇供销合作社有限公司 | Method for planting cortex eucommiae |
| CN106954503A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-07-18 | 东北林业大学 | A kind of northern leaf cultural method of bark of eucommia woods |
| CN110352803A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2019-10-22 | 黄晟语 | A kind of gold and silver grass cuttage implantation methods |
-
1999
- 1999-07-21 CN CN 99113123 patent/CN1242931A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102972121A (en) * | 2012-11-25 | 2013-03-20 | 溧阳市天目湖保健品有限公司 | Treatment method of eucommia seed |
| CN105766510A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2016-07-20 | 重庆市万盛经开区黑山镇供销合作社有限公司 | Method for planting cortex eucommiae |
| CN106954503A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-07-18 | 东北林业大学 | A kind of northern leaf cultural method of bark of eucommia woods |
| CN110352803A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2019-10-22 | 黄晟语 | A kind of gold and silver grass cuttage implantation methods |
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