CN1231212C - 抑制vla-4介导的白细胞粘着的多环化合物 - Google Patents
抑制vla-4介导的白细胞粘着的多环化合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1231212C CN1231212C CNB008029423A CN00802942A CN1231212C CN 1231212 C CN1231212 C CN 1231212C CN B008029423 A CNB008029423 A CN B008029423A CN 00802942 A CN00802942 A CN 00802942A CN 1231212 C CN1231212 C CN 1231212C
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- Prior art keywords
- base
- substituted
- adamantane
- alkyl
- aryl
- Prior art date
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- C07C233/85—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom of an acyclic unsaturated carbon skeleton
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- C07C233/87—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom of a carbon skeleton containing six-membered aromatic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C237/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups
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- C07C237/22—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton having nitrogen atoms of amino groups bound to the carbon skeleton of the acid part, further acylated
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Abstract
本发明公开了结合VLA-4的化合物。其中一些化合物还能抑制白细胞粘着,特别是VLA-4介导的白细胞粘着。本发明化合物可用于治疗哺乳动物患者例如人中的炎性疾病,诸如哮喘、阿尔茨海默氏病、动脉粥样硬化、AIDS-痴呆、糖尿病、炎性肠病、类风湿关节炎、组织移植、肿瘤转移和心肌缺血。本发明化合物还可用于治疗炎性脑病诸如多发性硬化。
Description
相关申请案介绍
本申请要求下列两件美国专利申请为优先权,其中第一件于1999年1月22日提出申请,申请号60/116,735,第二件于1999年1月29提出申请,申请号60/117,743;这两份申请全文引入本发明以供参考。
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及抑制白细胞粘着,尤其是VAL-4介导的白细胞粘着的化合物。
相关文献
下列出版物、专利和专利申请以上标数字的形式引述于本申请:
1Hemler和Takada,欧洲专利申请出版物No.330,506,1989年8月30日出版
2Elices等人,细胞(Cell),60:577-584(1990)
3Springer,自然(Nature),346:425-434(1990)
4Osborn,细胞(Cell),62:3-6(1990)
5Vedder等人,外科手术(Surgery),106:509(1989)
6Pretolani等人,J.Exp.Med.,180:795(1994)
7Abraham等人,J.Clin.Invest.,93:776(1994)
8Mulligan等人,免疫学杂志(J.Immunology),150:2407(1993)
9Cybulsky等人,科学(Science),251:788(1991)
10Li等人,动脉硬化与血栓(Arterioscler.Thromb.),13:197(1993)
11Sasseville等人,美国病理学杂志(Am.J.Path.),144:27(1994)
12Yang等人,Proc.Nat.Acad.Science(USA),90:10494(1993)
13Burkly等人,糖尿病(Diabetes),43:529(1994)
14Baron等人,J.Clin.Invest.,93:1700(1994)
15Hamann等人,免疫学杂志(J.Immunology),152:3238(1994)
16Yednock等人,自然(Nature),356:63(1992)
17Baron等人,J.Exp.Med.,177:57(1993)
18van Dinther-Janssen等人,免疫学杂志(J.Immunology),147:4207(1991)
19van Dinther-Janssen等人,风湿病纪事(Annals.RheumaticDis.),52:672(1993)
20Elices等人,J.Clin.Invest.,93:405(1994)
21Postigo等人,J.Clin.Invest.,89:1445(1991)
22Paul等人,Transpl.Proceed.,25:813(1993)
23Okarhara等人,癌症研究(Can.Res.),54:3233(1994)
24Paavonen等人,国际癌症杂志(Int.J.Can.),58:298(1994)
25Schadendorf等人,病理学杂志(J.Path.),170:429(1993)
26Bao等人,Diff.,52:239(1993)
27Lauri等人,英国癌症杂志(British J.Cancer),68:862(1993)
28Kawaguchi等人,日本癌症研究杂志(Japanese J.CancerRes.),83:1304(1992)
29Kogan等人,美国专利US 5,510,332,1996年4月23日颁布30国际专利申请公开号WO 96/01644
所有上述出版物、专利和专利申请均全文引入本文以供参考,如同特别地、单独地表示各篇出版物、专利和专利申请全文引入本文以供参考一样。
现有技术
VLA-4(也称为α4β1整联蛋白和CD49d/CD29),最先由Hemler和Takada1鉴定为细胞表面受体β1整联蛋白家族的一员,它们各自包含两个亚单元,一个α链和一个β链。VLA-4包含一个α4链和一个β1链。至少存在9种β1整联蛋白,它们都具有相同的β1链,但各自具有不同的α链。这九种受体都结合不同细胞基质分子的不同补体,例如纤连蛋白、层粘连蛋白、和胶原。例如VLA-4与纤连蛋白结合。VLA-4还与通过内皮细胞和其它细胞表达的非基质分子结合。这些非基质分子包括VCAM-1,该分子在处于培养物中的细胞因子激活的人脐静脉内皮细胞上表达。VLA4的不同表位负责与纤连蛋白和VCAM-1的结合活性,据显示,这两种活性的每一种可单独被抑制。2
通过VLA-4和其它细胞表面受体介导的分子间粘着与多种炎症反应有关。在损伤或其它炎症刺激部位,被活化的血管内皮细胞表达粘着于白细胞的分子。白细胞粘着于内皮细胞的机制部分包括白细胞上的细胞表面受体对内皮细胞上相应的细胞表面分子的识别和结合。一旦结合,白细胞迁移通过血管壁进入受损伤部位并释放化学介质同炎症对抗。关于免疫系统粘着受体的综述,参见例如Springer3和Osborn4。
炎性脑病,例如实验性自身免疫脊髓炎(EAE),多发性硬化(MS)和脑膜炎是其中内皮细胞/白细胞粘着机理破坏健康脑组织的中枢神经系统疾病的实例。大量白细胞迁移穿过这些炎性疾病患者的血脑屏障(BBB)。白细胞释放毒性介质,这些介质导致广泛的组织损伤,由此损害神经传导并导致麻痹。
在其它器官系统中,组织损伤还通过导致白细胞迁移或活化的粘着机制发生。例如,据显示心肌缺血后的对心脏组织的最初损伤可由于白细胞进入受损组织引起进一步的损伤而变得复杂(Vedder等人5)。其它通过粘着机制介导的炎性病症包括,例如哮喘6-8、阿尔茨海默氏病、动脉粥样硬化9-10、AIDS痴呆11、糖尿病12-14(包括急性青少年起病型糖尿病)、炎性肠病15(包括溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩氏病)、多发性硬化16-17、类风湿关节炎18-21、组织移植22、肿瘤转移23-28、脑膜炎、脑炎、中风和其它脑损伤、肾炎、视网膜炎、特应性皮炎、牛皮癣、心肌缺血和急性白细胞介导的肺损伤,例如发生于成人呼吸窘迫综合症中的肺损伤。
综上所述,用于测定含VLA-4生物样品中VLA-4水平的分析方法将是有用的,例如用于诊断VLA-4介导的病症。此外,尽管这些进展解释了白细胞粘着,但现有技术仅在最近阐述了粘着抑制剂在治疗炎性脑病和其它炎性病症中的应用29-30。本发明将说明这些和其它需求。
发明概述
本发明提供了能结合VLA-4的化合物。这样的化合物可用于例如测定样本中存在的VLA-4,和用于药物组合物中来抑制VLA-4介导的细胞粘着,例如VCAM-1与VLA-4的结合。以IC50表示的本发明化合物对VLA-4的结合亲和力为约15μM或更低(如使用下文实施例A中所述方法测定的),本发明化合物以式I定义:
其中
环A是多环桥连环烷基、多环桥连环烯基或多环桥连杂环基,条件是所述多环桥连杂环基不含有内酰胺,并且其中所述多环桥连环烷基、多环桥连环烯基或多环桥连杂环基在其可取代的任意环原子上可任选地被选自下列的1-3个取代基取代:烷基、取代的烷基、烷氧基、取代的烷氧基、酰基、酰基氨基、硫代羰基氨基、酰氧基、氨基、脒基、烷基脒基、硫代脒基、氨基酰基、氨基羰基氨基、氨基硫代羰基氨基、氨基羰氧基、芳基、取代的芳基、芳氧基、取代的芳氧基、芳氧基芳基、取代的芳氧基芳基、氰基、卤素、羟基、硝基、氧代基、羧基、羧基烷基、羧基-取代的烷基、羧基-环烷基、羧基-取代的环烷基、羧基芳基、羧基-取代的芳基、羧基杂芳基、羧基-取代的杂芳基、羧基杂环基、羧基-取代的杂环基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、胍基、胍基砜、巯基、烷硫基、取代的烷硫基、芳硫基、取代的芳硫基、环烷硫基、取代的环烷硫基、杂芳硫基、取代的杂芳硫基、杂环硫基、取代的杂环硫基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基、取代的杂环基、环烷氧基、取代的环烷氧基、杂芳氧基、取代的杂芳氧基、杂环氧基、取代的杂环氧基、氧羰基氨基、氧硫代羰基氨基;-OS(O)2-烷基、-OS(O)2-取代的烷基、-OS(O)2-芳基、-OS(O)2-取代的芳基、-OS(O)2-杂芳基、-OS(O)2-取代的杂芳基、-OS(O)2-杂环基、-OS(O)2-取代的杂环基、-OSO2-NRR,其中各个R彼此独立地是氢或烷基;-NRS(O)2-烷基、-NRS(O)2-取代的烷基、-NRS(O)2-芳基、-NRS(O)2-取代的芳基、-NRS(O)2-杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-取代的杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-杂环基、-NRS(O)2-取代的杂环基、-NRS(O)2-NR-烷基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的烷基、-NRS(O)2-NR-芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-杂环基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的杂环基,其中R是氢或烷基;-N[S(O)2-R’]2和-N[S(O)2-NR’]2,其中各个R’彼此独立地选自烷基、取代的烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基和取代的杂环基;单-和二-烷基氨基、单-和二-(取代的烷基)氨基、单-和二-芳基氨基、单-和二-取代的芳基氨基、单-和二-杂芳基氨基、单和二-取代的杂芳基氨基、单-和二-杂环基氨基、单-和二-取代的杂环基氨基、带有不同取代基的不对称二-取代的胺,所述取代基选自烷基、取代的烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基和取代的杂环基;带有被常规保护基,例如Boc、Cbz和甲酰基等保护的氨基的取代烷基;或者被下列基团取代的烷基/取代烷基:-SO2-烷基、-SO2-取代的烷基、-SO2-链烯基、-SO2-取代的链烯基、-SO2-环烷基、-SO2-取代的环烷基、-SO2-芳基、-SO2-取代的芳基、-SO2-杂芳基、-SO2-取代的杂芳基、-SO2-杂环基、-SO2-取代的杂环基和-SO2NRR,其中R是氢或烷基;
R1选自下列基团:
(a)-(CH2)x-Ar-R5,其中R5选自-O-Z-NR6R6'其中R6和R6’独立地选自氢、烷基、取代的烷基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、杂环基、取代的杂环基,或R6和R6’相连形成一个杂环或取代杂环,R7选自杂环和取代杂环,并且Z选自-C(O)-和-SO2-,
Ar是芳基、杂芳基、取代的芳基或取代的杂芳基,
x是1-4的整数;
(b)Ar1-Ar2-C1-10烷基-、Ar1-Ar2-C2-10链烯基-和Ar1-Ar2-C2-10炔基-,其中Ar1和Ar2独立地为芳基或杂芳基,它们各自可任选地被1-4个独立地选自Rb的取代基取代;烷基、链烯基和炔基可任选地被1-4个独立地选自Ra的取代基取代;
(c)-(CH2)x-Ar-R8,其中R8是杂环基或取代的杂环基;
Ar是芳基、杂芳基、取代的芳基或取代的杂芳基,
x是1-4的整数;
(d)-(CH2)x-Ar-R9,其中R9是-C1-10烷基、-C2-10链烯基和-C2-10炔基,其中烷基、链烯基和炔基可任选地被1-4个选自Ra的取代基取代;
Ar是芳基、杂芳基、取代的芳基或取代的杂芳基,
x是1-4的整数;
(e)-(CH2)x-Cy,其中Cy任选被1-4个选自Rb的取代基取代
R2选自氢、C1-10烷基、C2-10链烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基、芳基C1-10烷基、杂芳基、和杂芳基C1-10烷基,其中烷基、链烯基和炔基可任选地被1-4个选自Ra的取代基取代,并且芳基和杂芳基可任选地被1-4个独立地选自Rb的取代基取代;
R3选自氢、任选地被1-4个独立地选自Ra的取代基取代的C1-10烷基、和任选地被1-4个独立地选自Rb的取代基取代的Cy;
Ra选自Cy、-ORd、-NO2、卤素、-S(O)mRd、-SRd、-S(O)2ORd、-S(O)mNRdRe、-NRdRe、-O(CRfRg)nNRdRe、-C(O)Rd、-CO2Rd、-CO2(CRfRg)nCONRdRe、-OC(O)Rd、-CN、-C(O)NRdRe、-NRdC(O)Re、-OC(O)NRdRe、-NRdC(O)ORe、-NRdC(O)NRdRe、-CRd(N-ORe)、CF3和-OCF3;其中Cy可任选地被1-4个独立地选自Rc的取代基取代;
Rb选自Ra、C1-10烷基、C2-10链烯基、C2-10炔基、芳基C1-10烷基、杂芳基C1-10烷基,其中所述烷基、链烯基、芳基、杂芳基可任选地被独立地选自Rc的取代基取代;
Rc选自卤素、氨基、羧基、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、芳基、芳基C1-4烷基、羟基、CF3和芳氧基;
Rd和Re彼此独立地选自氢、C1-10烷基、C2-10链烯基、C2-10炔基、Cy和Cy-C1-10烷基,其中所述烷基、链烯基、炔基和Cy可任选被1-4个独立地选自Rc的取代基取代;或者Rd和Re与它们所连接的原子一起形成含有0-2个独立地选自氧、硫和氮的另外的杂原子的5-7元杂环;
Rf和Rg彼此独立地选自氢、C1-10烷基、Cy和Cy-C1-10烷基;或者Rf和Rg与它们所连接的原子一起形成含有0-2个独立地选自氧、硫和氮的另外的杂原子的5-7元杂环;
Rh选自氢、C1-10烷基、C2-10链烯基、C2-10炔基、氰基、芳基、芳基C1-10烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基C1-10烷基、或-SO2Ri;其中所述烷基、链烯基、和炔基可任选被1-4个独立地选自Ra的取代基取代;且所述芳基和杂芳基可任选地被1-4个独立地选自Rb的取代基取代;
Ri选自C1-10烷基、C2-10链烯基、C2-10炔基、和芳基;其中所述烷基、链烯基、炔基和芳基可任选被1-4个独立地选自Rc的取代基取代;
Cy是环烷基、杂环基、芳基或杂芳基;
X1选自-C(O)ORd、-P(O)(ORd)(ORe)、-P(O)(Rd)(ORe)-、S(O)mORd、-C(O)NRdRh、和-5-四唑基;
m是1-2的整数;
n是1-10的整数;
及其可药用盐。
优选的本发明化合物是式II化合物及其可药用盐:
其中R1、R2和R3如上所定义;
Y选自氢、Rd、Cy、-ORd、-NO2、卤素、-S(O)mRd、-SRd、-S(O)2ORd、-S(O)mNRdRe、-NRdRe、-O(CRfRg)nNRdRe、-C(O)Rd、-CH(OH)Rd、-CO2Rd、-CO2(CRfRg)nCONRdRe、-OC(O)Rd、-CN、-C(O)NRdRe、-NRdC(O)Re、-OC(O)NRdRe、-NRdC(O)ORe、-NRdC(O)NRdRe、-CRd(N-ORe)、CF3、和-OCF3;其中Cy可任选被1-4个独立地选自Rc的取代基取代;且Cy、Rc、Rd、Re、Rf、Rg、Rh、m和n如上所定义;
R4选自烷基、取代的烷基、烷氧基、取代的烷氧基、酰基、酰基氨基、硫代羰基氨基、酰氧基、氨基、脒基、烷基脒基、硫代脒基、氨基酰基、氨基羰基氨基、氨基硫代羰基氨基、氨基羰氧基、芳基、取代的芳基、芳氧基、取代的芳氧基、芳氧基芳基、取代的芳氧基芳基、氰基、卤素、羟基、硝基、氧代基、羧基、羧基烷基、羧基-取代的烷基、羧基-环烷基、羧基-取代的环烷基、羧基芳基、羧基-取代的芳基、羧基杂芳基、羧基-取代的杂芳基、羧基杂环基、羧基-取代的杂环基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、胍基、胍基砜、巯基、烷硫基、取代的烷硫基、芳硫基、取代的芳硫基、环烷硫基、取代的环烷硫基、杂芳硫基、取代的杂芳硫基、杂环硫基、取代的杂环硫基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基、取代的杂环基、环烷氧基、取代的环烷氧基、杂芳氧基、取代的杂芳氧基、杂环氧基、取代的杂环氧基、氧羰基氨基、氧硫代羰基氨基、- OS(O)2-烷基、-OS(O)2-取代的烷基、-OS(O)2-芳基、-OS(O)2-取代的芳基、-OS(O)2-杂芳基、-OS(O)2-取代的杂芳基、-OS(O)2-杂环基、-OS(O)2-取代的杂环基;-OSO2-NRR,其中各个R彼此独立地是氢或烷基;-NRS(O)2-烷基、-NRS(O)2-取代的烷基、-NRS(O)2-芳基、-NRS(O)2-取代的芳基、-NRS(O)2-杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-取代的杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-杂环基、-NRS(O)2-取代的杂环基、-NRS(O)2-NR-烷基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的烷基、-NRS(O)2-NR-芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-杂环基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的杂环基,其中R是氢或烷基;-N[S(O)2-R’]2和-N[S(O)2-NR’]2,其中各个R’彼此独立地选自烷基、取代的烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基和取代的杂环基;单-和二-烷基氨基、单-和二-(取代的烷基)氨基、单-和二-芳基氨基、单-和二-取代的芳基氨基、单-和二-杂芳基氨基、单和二-取代的杂芳基氨基、单-和二-杂环基氨基、单-和二-取代的杂环基氨基、带有不同取代基的不对称二-取代的胺,所述取代基选自烷基、取代的烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基和取代的杂环基;带有被常规保护基,例如Boc、Cbz和甲酰基等保护的氨基的取代烷基;或者被下列基团取代的烷基/取代烷基:-SO2-烷基、-SO2-取代的烷基、-SO2-链烯基、-SO2-取代的链烯基、-SO2-环烷基、-SO2-取代的环烷基、-SO2-芳基、-SO2-取代的芳基、-SO2-杂芳基、-SO2-取代的杂芳基、-SO2-杂环基、-SO2-取代的杂环基和-SO2NRR,其中R是氢或烷基;或Rb,其中Rb如上所定义;
X2选自羟基、烷氧基、取代的烷氧基、链烯氧基、取代的链烯氧基、环烷氧基、取代的环烷氧基、环烯氧基、取代的环烯氧基、芳氧基、取代的芳氧基、杂芳氧基、取代的杂芳氧基、杂环氧基、取代的杂环氧基和-NR″R″,其中每一R″独立地选自氢、烷基、取代的烷基、链烯基、取代的链烯基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基和取代的杂环基;或Rd,其中Rd如上所定义;
v是0-3的整数。
在上述式I和II中,当X1是-CO2Rd,且Rd不是氢,或者X2不是-OH或其可药用盐时,Rd和X2优选为在体内可转化(例如水解、代谢等)成其中Rd是氢或X2是-OH或其盐的化合物的取代基。因此,合适的X2基是任何本领域认可的可药用基团,该基团在体内将水解或经其它方式转化为羟基或其盐,包括,例如酯(X2是烷氧基、取代的烷氧基、环烷氧基、取代的环烷氧基、链烯氧基、取代的链烯氧基、环烯氧基、取代的环烯氧基、芳氧基、取代的芳氧基、杂芳氧基、取代的杂芳氧基、杂环氧基、取代的杂环氧基等)。
在式I化合物中,环A优选为这样的多环桥连环烷基、多环桥连环烯基或多环桥连杂环基,它们具有与金刚烷或金刚烷甲酸甲酯的空间体积(没有考虑存在于该环上的任何其它取代基)大体相等的空间体积,即A环的空间体积为金刚烷或金刚烷甲酸甲酯空间体积的约100%±20%、优选100%±10%。存在多种估算空间体积的方法。比较Corey-Pauling-Kolton(CPK)空间装填模型可用于确定空间体积(描述在例如A.Leo等人,J.Med.Chem.1976,19,611-615中)。从晶体结构可计算出更精确的值(描述在例如RS Bohacek和WC Guida,J.Mol.Graph.1989,7,113-117中),并与金刚烷的已知值(描述在例如J.P.Amoureux和M.Foulon,Acta Cryst.1987,B43,470-479)或金刚烷甲酸的已知值(描述在例如P.Harvey等人,Can.J.Chem.1990,68,1163-1169中)比较。也可以使用分子模型程序来计算和比较空间体积(描述在例如B.B.Masek等人,J.Med.Chem.1993,36,1230-1238以及在该出版物参考1中引用的文献)。此外,现有技术中已描述了很多物理化学和理论参数,并且可以作为总空间体积的精确预测变量。摩尔折射率(MR)是其中一个这样的参数。人们对MR已进行过广泛研究,并且认为MR是空间体积的良好预测变量,因为它与分子量成正比。摩尔折射率描述在例如C.Hansch等人,Exploring QSAR,Fundimentals and Applications inChemistry and Biology,S.Heller,Editor,AmericanChemical Society,p.78-85,1995中,并且可用得自DaylightChemical Information Systems,419 Palace Ave.,Santa Fe,NM 87501 USA的PC Models Program,Version 4.6.1或在C.Hansch等人,p.81-84中记载的运算表进行计算。在这点上,环A具有约2.86-约6.68、优选约3.34-约6.2的摩尔折射率(MR)。
优选的A环基团包括例如金刚烷基、奎宁环等。
在本发明优选的实施方案中,R1选自由于被下述基团取代而产生的所有可能的异构体:
3-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(CH3)2NS(O)2O-]苄基,
4-[(哌啶-1’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(哌啶-4’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(1’-甲基哌啶-4’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(4’-羟基哌啶-1’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(4’-甲酰氧基哌啶-1’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(4’-乙氧羰基哌啶-1’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(4’-羧基哌啶-1’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(3’-羟基甲基哌啶-1’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(4’-羟基甲基哌啶-1’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(4’-苯基-1’-Boc-哌啶-4’-基)-C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(4’-哌啶酮-1’-基乙二醇缩酮)C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(哌嗪-4’-基)-C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(1’-Boc-哌嗪-4’-基)-C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(4’-甲基哌嗪-1’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(4’-甲基高哌嗪-1’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(4’-(2-羟基乙基)哌嗪-1’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(4’-苯基哌嗪-1’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(4’-(吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(4’-(4-三氟甲基吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(4’-(嘧啶-2-基)哌嗪-1’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(4’-乙酰基哌嗪-1’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(4’-(苯基C(O)-)哌嗪-1’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(4’-(吡啶-4-基C(O)-)哌嗪-1’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(4’-(苯基NHC(O)-)哌嗪-1’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(4’-(苯基NHC(S)-)哌嗪-1’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(4’-甲磺酰基哌嗪-1’-基-C(O)O-)苄基,
4-[(4’-三氟甲磺酰基哌嗪-1’-基-C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(吗啉-4’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
3-硝基-4-[(吗啉-4’-基)-C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(硫代吗啉-4’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(硫代吗啉-4’-基砜)-C(O)O-]苄基,
(另一命名4-[(1,1-二氧代硫代吗啉-4-基)-C(O)O-]苄基),
4-[(吡咯烷-1’-基C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(2’-甲基吡咯烷-1’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(2’-(甲氧羰基)吡咯烷-1’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(2’-(羟基甲基)吡咯烷-1’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(2’-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基)(CH3)NC(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(2’-(N-甲基-N-甲苯-4-磺酰基氨基)乙基)(CH3)N-C(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(2’-(吗啉-4’-基)乙基)(CH3)NC(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(2’-(羟基)乙基)(CH3)NC(O)O-]苄基,
4-[二(2’-(羟基)乙基)NC(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(2’-(甲酰氧基)乙基)(CH3)NC(O)O-]苄基,
4-[(CH3OC(O)CH2)NHC(O)O-]苄基,
4-[2’-(苯基NHC(O)O-)乙基]HNC(O)O-]苄基,
3-氯-4-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基,
3-氯-4-[(4一甲基哌嗪-1’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
3-氯-4-[(4’-(吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,
3-氯-4-[(硫代吗啉-4’-基)C(O)O-]苄基,和
3-氟-4-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基。
在该实施方案中,Ar优选为芳基或取代的芳基,更优选为苯基或取代的苯基。x优选为1。
在另一优选实施方案(包括优选方案)中,R1相当于在国际专利申请WO 98/53817中记载的R6,该申请全文引入本发明以作参考。在该实施方案中,R1优选为-CH2-Ar2-Ar1。
R2优选为氢。优选地,R1和R2源自L-氨基酸或具有类似构型的其它物质。或者,可使用外消旋混合物。
R3优选为氢。
R4优选为氢。当R4不是氢时,v优选为1或2。
在上述式I化合物中,X1优选为-C(O)2Rd。在式II化合物中,X2优选为羟基或烷氧基。
在式II化合物中,Y优选为氢、-C(O)ORd、-S(O)mRd、-C(O)NRdRh、-NRdC(CO)ORe、-C(O)Rd或-CH(OH)Rd。当Y是-C(O)ORd时,R9优选为氢或烷基。
本发明还提供了结合生物样本中的VLA-4的方法,所述方法包括将生物样本与上述式I或II化合物在其中所述化合物结合VLA-4的条件下接触。
一些上述式I或II化合物还可用于在体内降低VLA-4介导的炎症。
本发明还提供了包含可药用载体和治疗有效量的一种或多种上述式I或II化合物的药物组合物。
本发明药物组合物可用于治疗VLA-4介导的疾病。这类病症包括,例如,哮喘、阿尔茨海默氏病、动脉粥样硬化、艾滋病性痴呆、糖尿病(包括急性青少年起病型糖尿病)、炎性肠病(包括溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩氏病)、多发性硬化、类风湿关节炎、组织移植、肿瘤转移、脑膜炎、脑炎、中风和其他脑损伤、肾炎、视网膜炎、特应性皮炎、牛皮癣、心肌缺血和急性白细胞介导的肺损伤,例如发生于成人呼吸窘迫综合症中的肺损伤。
其它病症包括但不限于炎性病症,例如结节性红斑、变应性结膜炎、眼神经炎、眼色素层炎、变应性鼻炎、僵硬性脊椎炎、牛皮癣性关节炎、结节性脉管炎、莱特尔氏病、系统性红斑狼疮、进行性系统性硬化、多肌炎、皮肤肌炎、韦格内氏肉芽肿病、主动脉炎、肉样瘤病、淋巴细胞减少、暂时性动脉炎、心包炎、心肌炎、充血性心衰、结节性多动脉炎、高血压综合症、变态反应、嗜曙红细胞过多综合症、Churg-Strauss综合症、慢性阻塞性肺病、过敏性肺炎、慢性活动性肝炎、间质性膀胱炎、自身免疫性内分泌衰竭、原发性肝胆硬化、自身免疫性再生障碍性贫血、慢性顽固性肝炎和甲状腺炎。
因此,本发明还提供了治疗患者中VLA-4介导的炎性疾病的方法,该方法包括对所述患者施用上述的药物组合物。
优选的本发明化合物包括在下表中列出的化合物:
表I
实施例序号 | R | R′ | X′ |
1 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基- | -OH |
2 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基- | -OC(CH3)3 |
3 | 金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基- | -OC(CH3)3 |
4 | 金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基- | -OH |
5 | 3-N-甲基-N-苄基氨基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基- | -OC(CH3)3 |
6 | 金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(1,1-二氧代硫代吗啉-4-基)C(O)O]苄基- | -OH |
7 | 3-N-甲基-N-苄基氨基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基- | -OH |
8 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基- | -OC2H5 |
9 | 3-羧基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基- | -OC(CH3)3 |
1O | 3-羧基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基- | -OH |
11 | 3-叔丁氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基- | -OH |
12 | 3-(2-丙氧基)羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基- | -OH |
13 | 3-N-甲基氨基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基- | -OH |
14 | 3-氨基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基- | -OH |
15 | 3-甲基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基- | -OH |
16 | 3-甲氧基羰基氨基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基- | -OCH3 |
17 | 3-甲基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基- | -OCH3 |
18 | 3-(1-羟基乙基)金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基- | -OH |
19 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(哌嗪-1-基)C(O)O-]苄基 | -OH |
20 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)C(O)O-]苄基- | -OH |
21 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)C(O)O-]苄基- | -OCH(CH3)2 |
22 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(哌嗪-1-基)C(O)O-]苄基 | -OCH(CH3)2 |
23 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)C(O)O-]苄基- | -OC(CH3)3 |
24 | 奎宁环-2-基-C(O)- | 对-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基- | -OH |
25 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(1-甲基-2-吡啶酮-3-基)C(O)O-]苄基- | -O-苄基 |
26 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(1-甲基-2-吡啶酮-3-基)C(O)O-]苄基- | -OH |
27 | 3-羧基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 4-(2-NC-Ph-)苄基- | -OH |
28 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 4-(2-CH3O-Ph-)苄基- | -OCH3 |
29 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 4-(2-F-Ph-)苄基- | -OCH3 |
3O | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 4-(1,3-二甲基-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基)苄基- | -OCH3 |
31 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 4-(2,4-二甲氧基嘧啶-5-基)苄基- | -OCH3 |
32 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 4-(2-吡啶基)苄基- | -OCH3 |
33 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 4-(1-氧代-2-吡啶基)苄基- | -OCH3 |
34 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 4-(1-氧代-2-吡啶基)苄基- | -OH |
35 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 4-(1-甲基-2-氧代-3-吡啶基)苄基- | -OH |
36 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 4-(1-甲基-2-氧代哌啶-3′-基)苄基- | -OCH3 |
37 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 4-[(CH3)2NC(O)CH2-]苄基- | -OH |
38 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 4-[(CH3)2NC(O)CF2-]苄基- | -OH |
39 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 4-[(CH3)3COC(O)]哌嗪-1-基-CH2- | -OCH3 |
40 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 哌嗪-1-基-CH2- | -OCH3 |
41 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 哌嗪-1-基-CH2- | -OCH3 |
42 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 4-[(CH3)2NC(O)CH2-]-哌嗪-1-基-CH2- | -OH |
43 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 4-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]-环己-1-基-CH2- | -OH |
44 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 4-[(CH3)2NC(O)CH=]-环己-1-基-CH2- | -OH |
45 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | (CH3)3COC(O)NH-(CH2)4- | -OCH3 |
46 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | (CH3)2NC(O)NH-(CH2)4- | -OCH3 |
47 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | (CH3)2NC(O)NH-(CH2)4- | -OH |
48 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | (CH3)2NC(O)NH-(CH2)3- | -OH |
49 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | H-C≡C-CH2- | -OH |
50 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | (CH3)2NC(O)-C≡C-CH2- | -OH |
51 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | (CH3)2NC(O)CH2-C≡C-CH2- | -OH |
52 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 3-(2-CH3O-Ph-)异噁唑-5-基 | -OH |
53 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 3-(2-NO2-Ph-)异噁唑-5-基 | -OH |
54 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 3-(2-NC-Ph-)异噁唑-5-基 | -OH |
55 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | (CH3)3OC(O)NHCH2-C≡C-CH2- | -OCH3 |
56 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | (CH3)2NC(O)NHCH2-C≡C-CH2- | -OCH3 |
57 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | (CH3)2NC(O)NHCH2-C≡C-CH2- | -OH |
58 | 3-N,N-二甲基氨基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基- | -OCH(CH3)2 |
59 | 3-N,N-二甲基氨基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基- | -OH |
60 | 3-[CH3C(O)-]金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基- | -OCH(CH3)2 |
61 | 3-[CH3C(O)-]金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基- | -OH |
62 | 3-(1-HO-乙-1-基)金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基- | -OCH(CH3)2 |
63 | 3-(1-HO-乙-1-基)金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 对-[(CH3)2NC(O)O-]苄基- | -OH |
64 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 4-[(CH3)2NC(O)CH=CH-]-苄基- | -OCH3 |
65 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 2-[(CH3)2NC(O)NH-]噻唑-4-基-CH2- | -OCH3 |
66 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 2-[(CH3)2NC(O)NH-]噻唑-4-基-CH2- | -OH |
67 | 3-甲氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基-C(O)- | 2-吡啶基-CH2- | -OCH3 |
因此,本发明还涉及下述各个化合物:
N-(金刚烷-1-基羰基)-L-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸叔丁酯,
N-(金刚烷-1-基羰基)-L-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸,
N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-L-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸,
N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-L-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸叔丁酯,
N-[3-(N-苄基-N-甲基氨基羰基)金刚烷-1-基羰基]-L-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸叔丁酯,
N-(金刚烷-1-基羰基)-L-4-(1,1-二氧代硫代吗啉-4-基羰基氧基)苯基丙氨酸,
N-[3-(N-苄基-N-甲基氨基羰基)金刚烷-1-基羰基]-L-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸,
N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-L-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸乙酯,
N-(3-羧基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-L-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸叔丁酯,
N-(3-羧基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-L-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸,
N-(3-叔丁氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-L-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸,
N-(3-异丙氧基羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-L-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸,
N-[3-(N-甲基氨基羰基)金刚烷-1-基羰基]-L-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸,
N-[3-(氨基羰基)金刚烷-1-基羰基]-L-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸,
N-(3-甲基羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-L-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸,
N-(3-甲氧羰基氨基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-L-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸,
N-(3-甲基羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-L-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯,
N-[3-(1-羟基乙基)金刚烷-1-基羰基]-L-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸,
N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-L-4-(哌嗪-1-基羰基氧基)苯基丙氨酸,
N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-L-4-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基羰基氧基)苯基丙氨酸,
N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-L-4-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基羰基氧基)苯基丙氨酸异丙酯,
N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-L-4-(哌嗪-1-基羰基氧基)苯基丙氨酸异丙酯,
N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-L-4-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基羰基氧基)苯基丙氨酸叔丁酯,
N-(奎宁环-2-基羰基)-L-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸,
N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-L-4-(1-甲基-2-吡啶酮-3-基)苯基丙氨酸苄酯,
N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-L-4-(1-甲基-2-吡啶酮-3-基)苯基丙氨酸,
和它们的可药用盐。
发明详述
如上所述,本发明涉及抑制白细胞粘附,尤其是VAL-4介导的白细胞粘附的化合物。然而,在进一步描述本发明之前,先对下列术语进行定义。
定义
如本文所述,″烷基″是指优选具有1-10碳原子,更优选具有1-6个碳原子的烷基。该术语的实例是,例如甲基、叔丁基、正庚基和辛基等。
″取代的烷基″是指优选具有1-10个碳原子的烷基,该烷基可带有1-5个选自下列的取代基:烷氧基、取代的烷氧基、酰基、酰氨基、硫代羰基氨基、酰氧基、氨基、脒基、烷基脒基、硫代脒基、氨基酰基、氨基羰基氨基、氨基硫代羰基氨基、氨基羰基氧基、芳基、取代的芳基、芳氧基、取代的芳氧基、芳氧基芳基、取代的芳氧基芳基、氰基、卤素、羟基、硝基、羧基、羧基烷基、羧基-取代的烷基、羧基-环烷基、羧基-取代的环烷基、羧基芳基、羧基-取代的芳基、羧基杂芳基、羧基-取代的杂芳基、羧基杂环基、羧基-取代的杂环基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、胍基、胍基砜、巯基、烷硫基、取代的烷硫基、芳硫基、取代的芳硫基、环烷硫基、取代的环烷硫基、杂芳硫基、取代的杂芳硫基、杂环硫基、取代的杂环硫基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基、取代的杂环基、环烷氧基、取代的环烷氧基、杂芳氧基、取代的杂芳氧基、杂环基氧基、取代的杂环基氧基、氧羰基氨基、氧硫代羰基氨基;-OS(O)2-烷基、-OS(O)2-取代的烷基、-OS(O)2-芳基、-OS(O)2-取代的芳基、-OS(O)2-杂芳基、-OS(O)2-取代的杂芳基、-OS(O)2-杂环基、-OS(O)2-取代的杂环基、-OSO2-NRR,其中R是氢或烷基;-NRS(O)2-烷基、-NRS(O)2-取代的烷基、-NRS(O)2-芳基、-NRS(O)2-取代的芳基、-NRS(O)2-杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-取代的杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-杂环基、-NRS(O)2-取代的杂环基、-NRS(O)2-NR-烷基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的烷基、-NRS(O)2-NR-芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-杂环基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的杂环基,其中R是氢或烷基;单-和二-烷基氨基、单-和二-(取代的烷基)氨基、单-和二-芳基氨基、单-和二-取代的芳基氨基、单-和二-杂芳基氨基、单-和二-取代的杂芳基氨基、单-和二-杂环基氨基、单-和二-取代的杂环基氨基、带有不同取代基的不对称二-取代的胺,所述取代基选自烷基、取代的烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基和取代的杂环基;带有被常规保护基,例如Boc、Cbz和甲酰基等保护的氨基的取代烷基;或被下列基团取代的烷基/取代的烷基:-SO2-烷基、-SO2-取代的烷基、-SO2-链烯基、-SO2-取代的链烯基、-SO2-环烷基、-SO2-取代的环烷基、-SO2-芳基、SO2-取代的芳基、-SO2-杂芳基、-SO2-取代的杂芳基、-SO2-杂环基、-
SO2-取代的杂环基和-SO2NRR,其中R是氢或烷基。
″烷氧基″是指基团″烷基-O-″,包括,例如甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、叔丁氧基、仲丁氧基、正戊氧基、正己氧基和1,2-二甲基丁氧基等。
″取代的烷氧基″是指基团″取代的烷基-O-″。
″链烯氧基″是指基团″链烯基-O-″。
″取代的链烯氧基″是指基团″取代的链烯基-O-″。
″酰基″是指基团H-C(O)-、烷基-C(O)-、取代的烷基C(O)-、链烯基-C(O)-、取代的链烯基-C(O)-、炔基-C(O)-、取代的炔基-C(O)-、环烷基-C(O)-、取代的环烷基-C(O)-、芳基-C(O)-、取代的芳基-C(O)-、杂芳基-C(O)-、取代的杂芳基-C(O)、杂环基-C(O)-和取代的杂环基-C(O)-,其中烷基、取代的烷基、链烯基、取代的链烯基、炔基、取代的炔基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基和取代的杂环基如本文所定义。
″酰氨基″是指基团-C(O)NRR,其中各个R独立地选自下列基团:氢、烷基、取代的烷基、链烯基、取代的链烯基、炔基、取代的炔基、芳基、取代的芳基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基、取代的杂环基,其中各个R与氮原子相连形成杂环基或取代的杂环基,其中烷基、取代的烷基、链烯基、取代的链烯基、炔基、取代的炔基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基和取代的杂环基如本文中所定义。
″硫代羰基氨基″是指基团-C(S)NRR,其中各个R独立地选自下列基团:氢、烷基、取代的烷基、链烯基、取代的链烯基、炔基、取代的炔基、芳基、取代的芳基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基、取代的杂环基,其中各个R与氮原子相连形成杂环基或取代的杂环基,其中烷基、取代的烷基、链烯基、取代的链烯基、炔基、取代的炔基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基和取代的杂环基如本文中所定义。
″酰氧基″是指基团烷基-C(O)O-、取代的烷基C(O)O-、链烯基-C(O)O-、取代的链烯基-C(O)O-、炔基-C(O)O-、取代的炔基-C(O)O-、芳基-C(O)O-、取代的芳基-C(O)O-、环烷基-C(O)O-、取代的环烷基-C(O)O-、杂芳基-C(O)O-、取代的杂芳基-C(O)O-、杂环基-C(O)O-和取代的杂环基-C(O)O-,其中烷基、取代的烷基、链烯基、取代的链烯基、炔基、取代的炔基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基和取代的杂环基如本文中所定义。
″链烯基″是指优选具有2-10个碳原子,更优选具有2-6个碳原子并且具有至少一个,优选具有1-2个链烯基不饱和位置的链烯基。
″取代的链烯基″是指带有1-5个选自下列取代基的链烯基:烷氧基、取代的烷氧基、酰基、酰氨基、硫代羰基氨基、酰氧基、氨基、脒基、烷基脒基、硫代脒基、氨基酰基、氨基羰基氨基、氨基硫代羰基氨基、氨基羰基氧基、芳基、取代的芳基、芳氧基、取代的芳氧基、芳氧基芳基、取代的芳氧基芳基、氰基、卤素、羟基、硝基、羧基、羧基烷基、羧基-取代的烷基、羧基-环烷基、羧基-取代的环烷基、羧基芳基、羧基-取代的芳基、羧基杂芳基、羧基-取代的杂芳基、羧基杂环基、羧基-取代的杂环基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、胍基、胍基砜、巯基、烷硫基、取代的烷硫基、芳硫基、取代的芳硫基、环烷硫基、取代的环烷硫基、杂芳硫基、取代的杂芳硫基、杂环硫基、取代的杂环硫基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基、取代的杂环基、环烷氧基、取代的环烷氧基、杂芳氧基、取代的杂芳氧基、杂环基氧基、取代的杂环基氧基、氧羰基氨基、氧硫代羰基氨基;-OS(O)2-烷基、-OS(O)2-取代的烷基、-OS(O)2-芳基、-OS(O)2-取代的芳基、-OS(O)2-杂芳基、-OS(O)2-取代的杂芳基、-OS(O)2-杂环基、-OS(O)2-取代的杂环基、-OSO2-NRR,其中R是氢或烷基;-NRS(O)2-烷基、-NRS(O)2-取代的烷基、-NRS(O)2-芳基、-NRS(O)2-取代的芳基、-NRS(O)2-杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-取代的杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-杂环基、-NRS(O)2-取代的杂环基、-NRS(O)2-NR-烷基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的烷基、-NRS(O)2-NR-芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-杂环基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的杂环基,其中R是氢或烷基;单-和二-烷基氨基、单-和二-(取代的烷基)氨基、单-和二-芳基氨基、单-和二-取代的芳基氨基、单-和二-杂芳基氨基、单-和二-取代的杂芳基氨基、单-和二-杂环基氨基、单-和二-取代的杂环基氨基、带有不同取代基的不对称二-取代的胺,所述取代基选自烷基、取代的烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基和取代的杂环基;带有被常规保护基,例如Boc、Cbz和甲酰基等保护的氨基的取代链烯基;或被下列基团取代的链烯基/取代的链烯基:-SO2-烷基、-SO2-取代的烷基、-SO2-链烯基、-SO2-取代的链烯基、-SO2-环烷基、-SO2-取代的环烷基、-SO2-芳基、SO2-取代的芳基、-SO2-杂芳基、-SO2-取代的杂芳基、-SO2-杂环基、-SO2-取代的杂环基和-SO2NRR,其中R是氢或烷基。
″炔基″是指具有2-10个碳原子,更优选具有3-6个碳原子、并且具有至少一个,优选1-2个炔基不饱和位置的炔基。
″取代的炔基″是指具有1-5个选自下列取代基的炔基:烷氧基、取代的烷氧基、酰基、酰氨基、硫代羰基氨基、酰氧基、氨基、脒基、烷基脒基、硫代脒基、氨基酰基、氨基羰基氨基、氨基硫代羰基氨基、氨基羰基氧基、芳基、取代的芳基、芳氧基、取代的芳氧基、芳氧基芳基、取代的芳氧基芳基、氰基、卤素、羟基、硝基、羧基、羧基烷基、羧基-取代的烷基、羧基-环烷基、羧基-取代的环烷基、羧基芳基、羧基-取代的芳基、羧基杂芳基、羧基-取代的杂芳基、羧基杂环基、羧基-取代的杂环基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、胍基、胍基砜、巯基、烷硫基、取代的烷硫基、芳硫基、取代的芳硫基、环烷硫基、取代的环烷硫基、杂芳硫基、取代的杂芳硫基、杂环硫基、取代的杂环硫基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基、取代的杂环基、环烷氧基、取代的环烷氧基、杂芳氧基、取代的杂芳氧基、杂环基氧基、取代的杂环基氧基、氧羰基氨基、氧硫代羰基氨基;-OS(O)2-烷基、-OS(O)2-取代的烷基、-OS(O)2-芳基、-OS(O)2-取代的芳基、-OS(O)2-杂芳基、-OS(O)2-取代的杂芳基、-OS(O)2-杂环基、-OS(O)2-取代的杂环基、-OSO2-NRR,其中R是氢或烷基;-NRS(O)2-烷基、-NRS(O)2-取代的烷基、-NRS(O)2-芳基、-NRS(O)2-取代的芳基、-NRS(O)2-杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-取代的杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-杂环基、-NRS(O)2-取代的杂环基、-NRS(O)2-NR-烷基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的烷基、-NRS(O)2-NR-芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-杂环基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的杂环基,其中R是氢或烷基;单-和二-烷基氨基、单-和二-(取代的烷基)氨基、单-和二-芳基氨基、单-和二-取代的芳基氨基、单-和二-杂芳基氨基、单-和二-取代的杂芳基氨基、单-和二-杂环基氨基、单-和二-取代的杂环基氨基、带有不同取代基的不对称二-取代的胺,所述取代基选自烷基、取代的烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基和取代的杂环基;带有被常规保护基,例如Boc、Cbz和甲酰基等保护的氨基的取代炔基;或被下列基团取代的炔基/取代的炔基:-SO2-烷基、-SO2-取代的烷基、-SO2-链烯基、-SO2-取代的链烯基、-SO2-环烷基、-SO2-取代的环烷基、-SO2-芳基、SO2-取代的芳基、-SO2-杂芳基、-SO2-取代的杂芳基、-SO2-杂环基、-SO2-取代的杂环基和-SO2NRR,其中R是氢或烷基。
″脒基″是指基团H2NC(=NH)-,术语″烷基脒基″是指带有1-3个烷基的化合物,(如,烷基HNC(=NH)-)。
″硫代脒基″是指基团RSC(=NH)-,其中R是氢或烷基。
″氨基酰基″是指基团-NRC(O)烷基、-NRC(O)取代的烷基、-NRC(O)环烷基、-NRC(O)取代的环烷基、-NRC(O)链烯基、-NRC(O)取代的链烯基、-NRC(O)炔基、-NRC(O)取代的炔基、-NRC(O)芳基、-NRC(O)取代的芳基、-NRC(O)杂芳基、-NRC(O)取代的杂芳基、-NRC(O)杂环基和-NRC(O)取代的杂环基,其中R是氢或烷基,其中烷基、取代的烷基、链烯基、取代的链烯基、炔基、取代的炔基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基和取代的杂环基如本文中所定义。
″氨基羰基氧基″是指基团-NRC(O)O-烷基、-NRC(O)O-取代的烷基、-NRC(O)O-链烯基、-NRC(O)O-取代的链烯基、-NRC(O)O-炔基、-NRC(O)O-取代的炔基、-NRC(O)O-环烷基、-NRC(O)O-取代的环烷基、-NRC(O)O-芳基、-NRC(O)O-取代的芳基、-NRC(O)O-杂芳基、-NRC(O)O-取代的杂芳基、-NRC(O)O-杂环基和-NRC(O)O-取代的杂环基,R是氢或烷基,其中烷基、取代的烷基、链烯基、取代的链烯基、炔基、取代的炔基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基和取代的杂环基如本文中所定义。
″氧羰基氨基″是指基团-OC(O)NH2、-OC(O)NRR、-OC(O)NR-烷基、-OC(O)NR-取代的烷基、-OC(O)NR-链烯基、-OC(O)NR-取代的链烯基、-OC(O)NR-炔基、-OC(O)NR-取代的炔基、-OC(O)NR-环烷基、-OC(O)NR-取代的环烷基、-OC(O)NR-芳基、-OC(O)NR-取代的芳基、-OC(O)NR-杂芳基、-OC(O)NR-取代的杂芳基、-OC(O)NR-杂环基和-OC(O)NR-取代的杂环基,其中R是氢、烷基,或者其中各个R与氮原子相连一起形成杂环基或取代的杂环基,并且其中烷基、取代的烷基、链烯基、取代的链烯基、炔基、取代的炔基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基和取代的杂环基如本文中所定义。
″氧硫代羰基氨基″是指基团-OC(S)NH2、-OC(S)NRR、-OC(S)NR-烷基、-OC(S)NR-取代的烷基、-OC(S)NR链烯基、-OC(S)NR-取代的链烯基、-OC(S)NR-炔基、-OC(S)NR取代的炔基、-OC(S)NR-环烷基、-OC(S)NR-取代的环烷基、-OC(S)NR-芳基、-OC(S)NR-取代的芳基、-OC(S)NR-杂芳基、-OC(S)NR-取代的杂芳基、-OC(S)NR-杂环基和-OC(S)NR-取代的杂环基,其中R是氢、烷基或者其中各个R与氮原子相连一起形成杂环基或取代的杂环基,其中烷基、取代的烷基、链烯基、取代的链烯基、炔基、取代的炔基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基和取代的杂环基如本文中所定义。
″氨基羰基氨基″是指基团-NRC(O)NRR、-NRC(O)NR-烷基、-NRC(O)NR-取代的烷基、-NRC(O)NR-链烯基、-NRC(O)NR-取代的链烯基、-NRC(O)NR-炔基、-NRC(O)NR-取代的炔基、-NRC(O)NR-芳基、-NRC(O)NR-取代的芳基、-NRC(O)NR-环烷基、-NRC(O)NR-取代的环烷基、-NRC(O)NR-杂芳基、-NRC(O)NR-取代的杂芳基、-NRC(O)NR-杂环基和-NRC(O)NR-取代的杂环基,其中各个R彼此独立地是氢、烷基或者其中各个R与氮原子相连一起形成杂环基或取代的杂环基,和其中的一个氨基被常规取代基,例如Boc、Cbz和甲酰基等保护,其中烷基、取代的烷基、链烯基、取代的链烯基、炔基、取代的炔基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基和取代的杂环基如本文中所定义。
″氨基硫代羰基氨基″是指基团-NRC(S)NRR、-NRC(S)NR-烷基、-NRC(S)NR-取代的烷基、-NRC(S)NR-链烯基、-NRC(S)NR-取代的链烯基、-NRC(S)NR-炔基、-NRC(S)NR-取代的炔基、-NRC(S)NR-芳基、-NRC(S)NR-取代的芳基、-NRC(S)NR-环烷基、-NRC(S)NR-取代的环烷基、-NRC(S)NR-杂芳基、-NRC(S)NR-取代的杂芳基、-NRC(S)NR-杂环基和-NRC(S)NR-取代的杂环基,其中各个R彼此独立地是氢、烷基或者其中各个R与氮原子相连一起形成杂环基或取代的杂环基,和其中一个氨基被常规的保护基,例如Boc、Cbz和甲酰基等保护,并且其中烷基、取代的烷基、链烯基、取代的链烯基、炔基、取代的炔基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基和取代的杂环基如本文中所定义。
″芳基″或″Ar″是指具有一个单环(如苯基)或多个稠合环(如萘基或蒽基)的6-10个碳原子的不饱和芳族碳环基团,所述稠合环可以是芳族的或非芳族的(如2-苯并噁唑啉酮和2H-1,4-苯并恶嗪-3(4H)-酮-7-基等)。优选的芳基包括苯基和萘基。取代的芳基是指被1-3个选自下列的基团取代的芳基:羟基、酰基、酰氨基、硫代羰基氨基、酰氧基、烷基、取代的烷基、烷氧基、取代的烷氧基、链烯基、取代的链烯基、炔基、取代的炔基、脒基、烷基脒基、硫代脒基、氨基、氨基酰基、氨基羰基氧基、氨基羰基氨基、氨基硫代羰基氨基、芳基、取代的芳基、芳氧基、取代的芳氧基、环烷氧基、取代的环烷氧基、杂芳氧基、取代的杂芳氧基、杂环基氧基、取代的杂环基氧基、羧基、羧基烷基、羧基-取代的烷基、羧基-环烷基、羧基-取代的环烷基、羧基芳基、羧基取代的芳基、羧基杂芳基、羧基-取代的杂芳基、羧基杂环基、羧基-取代的杂环基、羧基酰氨基、氰基、巯基、烷硫基、取代的烷硫基、芳硫基、取代的芳硫基、杂芳硫基、取代的杂芳硫基、环烷硫基、取代的环烷硫基、杂环硫基、取代的杂环硫基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、胍基、胍基砜、卤素、硝基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基、取代的杂环基、环烷氧基、取代的环烷氧基、杂芳氧基、取代的杂芳氧基、杂环基氧基、取代的杂环基氧基、氧羰基氨基、氧硫代羰基氨基、-S(O)2-烷基、-S(O)2-取代的烷基、-S(O)2-环烷基、-S(O)2-取代的环烷基、-S(O)2-链烯基、-S(O)2-取代的链烯基、-S(O)2-芳基、-S(O)2-取代的芳基、-S(O)2-杂芳基、-S(O)2-取代的杂芳基、-S(O)2-杂环基、-S(O)2-取代的杂环基;OS(O)2-烷基、-OS(O)2-取代的烷基、-OS(O)2-芳基、-OS(O)2-取代的芳基、-OS(O)2-杂芳基、-OS(O)2-取代的杂芳基、-OS(O)2-杂环基、-OS(O)2-取代的杂环基、-OSO2-NRR,其中R是氢或烷基;-NRS(O)2-烷基、-NRS(O)2-取代的烷基、-NRS(O)2-芳基、-NRS(O)2-取代的芳基、-NRS(O)2-杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-取代的杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-杂环基、-NRS(O)2-取代的杂环基、-NRS(O)2-NR-烷基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的烷基、-NRS(O)2-NR-芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR取代的杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-杂环基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的杂环基,其中R是氢或烷基;单-和二-烷基氨基、单和二-(取代的烷基)氨基、单-和二-芳基氨基、单-和二取代的芳基氨基、单-和二-杂芳基氨基、单-和二取代的杂芳基氨基、单-和二-杂环基氨基、单-和二取代的杂环基氨基、带有不同取代基的不对称二-取代的胺,所述取代基选自烷基、取代的烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基和取代的杂环基;被常规保护基,例如Boc、Cbz和甲酰基等保护的在取代芳基上的氨基;或者被-SO2NRR取代,其中R是氢或烷基。
″芳氧基″是指基团芳基-O-,包括,例如苯氧基、萘氧基等。
″取代的芳氧基″是指取代的芳基-O-基。
″芳氧基芳基″是指基团-芳基-O-芳基。
″取代的芳氧基芳基″是指在一或两个芳环上被1-3个选自下列的取代基取代的芳氧基芳基:羟基、酰基、酰氨基、硫代羰基氨基、酰氧基、烷基、取代的烷基、烷氧基、取代的烷氧基、链烯基、取代的链烯基、炔基、取代的炔基、脒基、烷基脒基、硫代脒基、氨基、氨基酰基、氨基羰基氧基、氨基羰基氨基、氨基硫代羰基氨基、芳基、取代的芳基、芳氧基、取代的芳氧基、环烷氧基、取代的环烷氧基、杂芳氧基、取代的杂芳氧基、杂环基氧基、取代的杂环基氧基、羧基、羧基烷基、羧基-取代的烷基、羧基-环烷基、羧基取代的环烷基、羧基芳基、羧基-取代的芳基、羧基杂芳基、羧基-取代的杂芳基、羧基杂环基、羧基-取代的杂环基、羧基酰氨基、氰基、巯基、烷硫基、取代的烷硫基、芳硫基、取代的芳硫基、杂芳硫基、取代的杂芳硫基、环烷硫基、取代的环烷硫基、杂环硫基、取代的杂环硫基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、胍基、胍基砜、卤素、硝基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基、取代的杂环基、环烷氧基、取代的环烷氧基、杂芳氧基、取代的杂芳氧基、杂环基氧基、取代的杂环基氧基、氧羰基氨基、氧硫代羰基氨基、-S(O)2-烷基、-S(O)2-取代的烷基、-S(O)2-环烷基、-S(O)2-取代的环烷基、-S(O)2-链烯基、-S(O)2-取代的链烯基、-S(O)2-芳基、-S(O)2-取代的芳基、-S(O)2-杂芳基、-S(O)2-取代的杂芳基、-S(O)2-杂环基、-S(O)2-取代的杂环基、-OS(O)2-烷基、-OS(O)2-取代的烷基、-OS(O)2-芳基、-OS(O)2-取代的芳基、-OS(O)2-杂芳基、-OS(O)2-取代的杂芳基、-OS(O)2-杂环基、-OS(O)2-取代的杂环基、-OSO2-NRR,其中R是氢或烷基;-NRS(O)2-烷基、-NRS(O)2-取代的烷基、-NRS(O)2-芳基、-NRS(O)2-取代的芳基、-NRS(O)2-杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-取代的杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-杂环基、-NRS(O)2-取代的杂环基、-NRS(O)2-NR-烷基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的烷基、-NRS(O)2-NR-芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-杂环基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的杂环基,其中R是氢或烷基;单-和二-烷基氨基、单和二-(取代的烷基)氨基、单-和二-芳基氨基、单-和二取代的芳基氨基、单-和二-杂芳基氨基、单-和二取代的杂芳基氨基、单-和二-杂环基氨基、单-和二取代的杂环基氨基、带有不同取代基的不对称二-取代的胺,所述取代基选自烷基、取代的烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基和取代的杂环基;被常规保护基,例如Boc、Cbz和甲酰基等保护的在取代芳基上的氨基;或者被-SO2NRR取代,其中R是氢或烷基。
“环烷基”是指具有3-8个碳原子的单环环状烷基,例如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基环辛基等。″多环桥连环烷基″是指具有2个或更多环和一个或多个碳桥原子的环烷基。多环桥连环烷基的实例包括金刚烷基等。
“环烯基”是指具有一个或多个不饱和键的3-8个碳原子的环状链烯基,但不包括芳族基团。″多环桥连环烯基″是指具有2个或更多环和一个或多个碳桥原子的环烯基。
″取代的环烷基″和″取代的环烯基″是指优选3-8个碳原子的环烷基和环烯基,它们具有1-5个选自下列的取代基:氧代(=O)、硫代(=S)、烷氧基、取代的烷氧基、酰基、酰氨基、硫代羰基氨基、酰氧基、氨基、脒基、烷基脒基、硫代脒基、氨基酰基、氨基羰基氨基、氨基硫代羰基氨基、氨基羰基氧基、芳基、取代的芳基、芳氧基、取代的芳氧基、芳氧基芳基、取代的芳氧基芳基、卤素、羟基、氰基、硝基、羧基、羧基烷基、羧基-取代的烷基、羧基-环烷基、羧基-取代的环烷基、羧基芳基、羧基-取代的芳基、羧基杂芳基、羧基-取代的杂芳基、羧基杂环基、羧基-取代的杂环基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、胍基、胍基砜、巯基、烷硫基、取代的烷硫基、芳硫基、取代的芳硫基、环烷硫基、取代的环烷硫基、杂芳硫基、取代的杂芳硫基、杂环硫基、取代的杂环硫基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基、取代的杂环基、环烷氧基、取代的环烷氧基、杂芳氧基、取代的杂芳氧基、杂环基氧基、取代的杂环基氧基、氧羰基氨基、氧硫代羰基氨基;-OS(O)2-烷基、-OS(O)2取代的烷基、-OS(O)2-芳基、-OS(O)2-取代的芳基、-OS(O)2-杂芳基、-OS(O)2-取代的杂芳基、-OS(O)2-杂环基、-OS(O)2-取代的杂环基、-OSO2-NRR,其中R是氢或烷基;-NRS(O)2-烷基、-NRS(O)2-取代的烷基、-NRS(O)2-芳基、-NRS(O)2-取代的芳基、-NRS(O)2-杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-取代的杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-杂环基、-NRS(O)2-取代的杂环基、-NRS(O)2-NR-烷基、-NRS(O)2-NR取代的烷基、-NRS(O)2-NR-芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-杂环基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的杂环基,其中R是氢或烷基;单-和二-烷基氨基、单-和二-(取代的烷基)氨基、单-和二-芳基氨基、单-和二-取代的芳基氨基、单-和二-杂芳基氨基、单-和二-取代的杂芳基氨基、单-和二-杂环基氨基、单-和二-取代的杂环基氨基、带有不同取代基的不对称二-取代的胺,所述取代基选自烷基、取代的烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基和取代的杂环基;带有被常规保护基,例如Boc、Cbz和甲酰基等保护的氨基的取代炔基;或被下列取代基取代的炔基/取代的炔基:-SO2-烷基、-SO2-取代的烷基、-SO2-链烯基、-SO2-取代的链烯基、-SO2-环烷基、-SO2-取代的环烷基、-SO2-芳基、-SO2-取代的芳基、-SO2-杂芳基、-SO2-取代的杂芳基、-SO2-杂环基、-SO2-取代的杂环基和-SO2NRR,其中R是氢或烷基。
″环烷氧基″是指-O-环烷基。
″取代的环烷氧基″是指-O-取代的环烷基。
″环烯氧基″是指-O-环烯基。
″取代的环烯氧基″是指-O-取代的环烯基。
″胍基″是指基团-NRC(=NR)NRR、-NRC(=NR)NR-烷基、-NRC(=NR)NR-取代的烷基、-NRC(=NR)NR链烯基、-NRC(=NR)NR-取代的链烯基、-NRC(=NR)NR-炔基、-NRC(=NR)NR-取代的炔基、-NRC(=NR)NR-芳基、-NRC(=NR)NR-取代的芳基、-NRC(=NR)NR-环烷基、-NRC(=NR)NR-杂芳基、-NRC(=NR)NR-取代的杂芳基、-NRC(=NR)NR-杂环基和-NRC(=NR)NR-取代的杂环基,其中各个R彼此独立地是氢和烷基,以及所述氨基中的一个被常规保护基,例如Boc、Cbz和甲酰基等保护,其中烷基、取代的烷基、链烯基、取代的链烯基、炔基、取代的炔基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基和取代的杂环基如本文中所定义。
″胍基砜″是指基团-NRC(=NR)NRSO2-烷基、-NRC(=NR)NRSO2-取代的烷基、-NRC(=NR)NRSO2-链烯基、-NRC(=NR)NRSO2-取代的链烯基、-NRC(=NR)NRSO2-炔基、-NRC(=NR)NRSO2-取代的炔基、-NRC(=NR)NRSO2-芳基、-NRC(=NR)NRSO2-取代的芳基、-NRC(=NR)NRSO2-环烷基、-NRC(=NR)NRSO2-取代的环烷基、-NRC(=NR)NRSO2-杂芳基和-NRC(=NR)NRSO2-取代的杂芳基、-NRC(=NR)NRSO2-杂环基和-NRC(=NR)NRSO2-取代的杂环基,其中各个R独立地选自氢和烷基,并且其中的烷基、取代的烷基、链烯基、取代的链烯基、炔基、取代的炔基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基和取代的杂环基如本文中所定义。
″Halo″或″卤素″是指氟、氯、溴和碘,并且优选是氯或溴。
″杂芳基″是指环内具有2-10个碳原子和1-4个选自氧、氮和硫的杂原子的芳族碳环基。这类杂芳基可以是单环(如吡啶基或呋喃基)或者多稠合环(如吲嗪基或苯并噻吩基)。优选的杂芳基包括吡啶基、吡咯基、吲哚基和呋喃基。
″取代的杂芳基″是指被1-3个选自下列的基团取代的杂芳基:羟基、酰基、酰氨基、硫代羰基氨基、酰氧基、烷基、取代的烷基、烷氧基、取代的烷氧基、链烯基、取代的链烯基、炔基、取代的炔基、脒基、烷基脒基、硫代脒基、氨基、氨基酰基、氨基羰基氧基、氨基羰基氨基、氨基硫代羰基氨基、芳基、取代的芳基、芳氧基、取代的芳氧基、环烷氧基、取代的环烷氧基、杂芳氧基、取代的杂芳氧基、杂环基氧基、取代的杂环基氧基、羧基、羧基烷基、羧基-取代的烷基、羧基-环烷基、羧基-取代的环烷基、羧基芳基、羧基-取代的芳基、羧基杂芳基、羧基-取代的杂芳基、羧基杂环基、羧基-取代的杂环基、羧基酰氨基、氰基、巯基、烷硫基、取代的烷硫基、芳硫基、取代的芳硫基、杂芳硫基、取代的杂芳硫基、环烷硫基、取代的环烷硫基、杂环基硫基、取代的杂环基硫基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、胍基、胍基砜、卤素、硝基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基、取代的杂环基、环烷氧基、取代的环烷氧基、杂芳氧基、取代的杂芳氧基、杂环基氧基、取代的杂环基氧基、氧羰基氨基、氧硫代羰基氨基、-S(O)2-烷基、-S(O)2-取代的烷基、-S(O)2-环烷基、-S(O)2-取代的环烷基、-S(O)2-链烯基、-S(O)2-取代的链烯基、-S(O)2-芳基、-S(O)2-取代的芳基、-S(O)2杂芳基、-S(O)2-取代的杂芳基、-S(O)2-杂环基、-S(O)2-取代的杂环基;-OS(O)2-烷基、-OS(O)2-取代的烷基、-OS(O)2-芳基、-OS(O)2-取代的芳基、-OS(O)2-杂芳基、-OS(O)2-取代的杂芳基、-OS(O)2-杂环基、-OS(O)2-取代的杂环基、-OSO2-NRR,其中R是氢或烷基;-NRS(O)2-烷基、-NRS(O)2-取代的烷基、-NRS(O)2-芳基、-NRS(O)2-取代的芳基、-NRS(O)2-杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-取代的杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-杂环基、-NRS(O)2-取代的杂环基、-NRS(O)2-NR-烷基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的烷基、-NRS(O)2-NR-芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-杂环基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的杂环基,其中R是氢或烷基;单-和二-烷基氨基、单-和二-(取代的烷基)氨基、单-和二-芳基氨基、单-和二-取代的芳基氨基、单-和二-杂芳基氨基、单-和二-取代的杂芳基氨基、单-和二-杂环基氨基、单-和二-取代的杂环基氨基、带有不同取代基的不对称二-取代的胺,其中所述取代基选自烷基、取代的烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基和取代的杂环基;被常规保护基,例如Boc、Cbz和甲酰基等保护的在取代芳基上的氨基;或被-SO2NRR取代,其中R是氢或烷基。
″杂芳氧基″是指基团-O-杂芳基,″取代的杂芳氧基″是指基团-O-取代的杂芳基。
″杂环″或″杂环基″是指具有单环或多个稠合环、在环中包含1-1O个碳原子和1-4个选自氮、硫或氧的杂原子的饱和或不饱和基团,其中在稠合环系中有一个或多个环可以是芳基或杂芳基。″多环桥连杂环基″是指具有两个或更多个环和一个或多个桥原子的杂环基。多环桥连杂环基的实例包括奎宁环基等。
″取代的杂环基″是指被1-3个选自下列的取代基取代的杂环基:氧代(=O)、硫代(=S)、烷氧基、取代的烷氧基、酰基、酰氨基、硫代羰基氨基、酰氧基、氨基、脒基、烷基脒基、硫代脒基、氨基酰基、氨基羰基氨基、氨基硫代羰基氨基、氨基羰基氧基、芳基、取代的芳基、芳氧基、取代的芳氧基、芳氧基芳基、取代的芳氧基芳基、卤素、羟基、氰基、硝基、羧基、羧基烷基、羧基-取代的烷基、羧基-环烷基、羧基-取代的环烷基、羧基芳基、羧基-取代的芳基、羧基杂芳基、羧基-取代的杂芳基、羧基杂环基、羧基-取代的杂环基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、胍基、胍基砜、巯基、烷硫基、取代的烷硫基、芳硫基、取代的芳硫基、环烷硫基、取代的环烷硫基、杂芳硫基、取代的杂芳硫基、杂环硫基、取代的杂环硫基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基、取代的杂环基、环烷氧基、取代的环烷氧基、杂芳氧基、取代的杂芳氧基、杂环基氧基、取代的杂环基氧基、氧羰基氨基、氧硫代羰基氨基;-OS(O)2-烷基、-OS(O)2取代的烷基、-OS(O)2-芳基、-OS(O)2-取代的芳基、-OS(O)2-杂芳基、-OS(O)2-取代的杂芳基、-OS(O)2-杂环基、-OS(O)2-取代的杂环基、-OSO2-NRR,其中R是氢或烷基;-NRS(O)2-烷基、-NRS(O)2-取代的烷基、-NRS(O)2-芳基、-NRS(O)2-取代的芳基、-NRS(O)2-杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-取代的杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-杂环基、-NRS(O)2-取代的杂环基、-NRS(O)2-NR-烷基、-NRS(O)2-NR取代的烷基、-NRS(O)2-NR-芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的杂芳基、-NRS(O)2-NR-杂环基、-NRS(O)2-NR-取代的杂环基,其中R是氢或烷基;单-和二-烷基氨基、单-和二-(取代的烷基)氨基、单-和二-芳基氨基、单-和二-取代的芳基氨基、单-和二-杂芳基氨基、单-和二-取代的杂芳基氨基、单-和二-杂环基氨基、单-和二-取代的杂环基氨基、带有不同取代基的不对称二-取代的胺,所述取代基选自烷基、取代的烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环基和取代的杂环基;带有用常规保护基,例如Boc、Cbz、甲酰基等保护的氨基的炔基;或被下列取代基取代的炔基/取代的炔基:-SO2-烷基、-SO2-取代的烷基、-SO2-链烯基、-SO2-取代的链烯基、-SO2-环烷基、-SO2-取代的环烷基、-SO2-芳基、-SO2-取代的芳基、-SO2-杂芳基、-SO2-取代的杂芳基、-SO2-杂环基、-SO2-取代的杂环基和-SO2NRR,其中R是氢或烷基。
杂环基和杂芳基的实例包括但不限于,氮杂环丁烷、吡咯、咪唑、吡唑、吡啶、吡嗪、嘧啶、哒嗪、吲嗪、异吲哚、吲哚、二氢吲哚、吲唑、嘌呤、喹嗪、异喹啉、喹啉、酞嗪、萘基吡啶、喹喔啉、喹唑啉、噌啉、蝶啶、咔唑、咔啉、菲啶、吖啶、菲咯啉、异噻唑、吩嗪、异噁唑、吩卓嗪、吩噻嗪、咪唑烷、咪唑啉、哌啶、哌嗪、二氢吲哚、肽酰亚胺、1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉、4,5,6,7-四氢苯并[b]噻吩、噻唑、噻唑烷、噻吩、苯并[b]噻吩、吗啉代、硫代吗啉代、哌啶基、吡咯烷和四氢呋喃基等。
″杂环氧基″是指基团-O-杂环,″取代的杂环氧基″是指基团-O-取代的杂环。
″内酰胺″是指含有基团-C(O)-NR-作为环一部分的环,其中R是烷基、取代的烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、环烷基、取代的环烷基、杂环基、取代的杂环基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基和-C(O)OR。
″巯基″是指基团-SH。
″烷硫基″是指基团-S-烷基。
″取代的烷硫基″是指基团-S-取代的烷基。
″环烷硫基″是指基团-S-环烷基。
″取代的环烷硫基″是指基团-S-取代的环烷基。
″芳硫基″是指基团-S-芳基,″取代的芳硫基″是指基团-S-取代芳基。
″杂芳硫基″是指基团-S-杂芳基,″取代的杂芳硫基″是指基团-S-取代的杂芳基。
″杂环硫基″是指基团-S-杂环,″取代的杂环硫基″是指基团-S-取代的杂环。
″可药用盐″是指式I化合物的可药用盐,该盐由本领域众所周知的各种有机和无机的反荷离子衍生而来,包括例如钠、钾、钙、镁、铵和四烷基铵等;当分子含碱性官能团时,可形成有机酸或无机酸的盐,例如盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、酒石酸盐、甲磺酸盐、乙酸盐、马来酸盐、草酸盐等。
化合物制备
本发明的化合物可由简便易得的原料采用下列通用方法制备。应该清楚,其中给出了典型性的或优选的方法条件(即反应温度、时间、反应物的摩尔比、溶剂、压力等),除非另有说明,也可采用其它方法条件。最佳的反应条件随使用的特定反应物或溶剂不同而变化,然而这种条件可由本领域普通技术人员通过常规最佳化方法确定。
另外,为防止某些官能团发生不希望的反应,需要使用常规的保护基,这对于本领域普通专业技术人员是显而易见的。对于各种官能团的适宜保护基以及对特定官能团保护和脱保护是本领域众所周知的技术。例如许多保护基记载于T.W.Greene和G.M.Wuts,《有机合成中的保护基》(Protecting Groups in OrganicSynthesis),第二版,Wiley,New York,1991,该书在此引入以作参考。
另外,本发明的化合物一般含有一个或多个手性中心。因此,如果需要,可将这类化合物制备或分离为纯净的立体异构体,即,旋光对映体或非对映体单体,或者富含立体异构体的混合物。除非另有说明,所有这类立体异构体(和富含其的混合物)均包括在本发明的范围之内。纯净的立体异构体(或富含其的混合物)可采用,例如光学活性的原料或本领域众所周知的立体选择性试剂制备。或者,可使用,例如手性柱色谱、手性拆分试剂等分离这类化合物的外消旋混合物。
在优选的合成方法中,式I化合物是通过在常规氨基酸偶合条件下将式III多环桥连环甲酸衍生物:
其中A环如本文中所定义,
与式IV氨基酸衍生物偶合而制得的:
其中R1、R2、R3和X2如本文中所定义。在某些情况下,例如当X2是羟基时,可能需要常规保护基以阻止不希望发生的副作用。在这样的情况下,通常采用酯,即X2是烷氧基的式IV化合物。
该偶合反应一般是用众所周知的偶合试剂例如碳二亚胺、BOP试剂(六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基氧基三(二甲基氨基)膦)等进行的。合适的碳二亚胺包括例如二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)、1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺(EDC)等。如果需要的话,还可以使用聚合物载体形式的碳二亚胺偶合试剂,包括例如在Tetrahedron Letters,34(48),7685(1993)中描述的偶合试剂。此外,还可以使用众所周知的偶合促进剂例如N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺、1-羟基苯并三唑等来促进偶合反应。
该偶合反应一般是通过将式III中间体与约1-约2当量的式IV氨基酸衍生物在惰性稀释剂例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、乙腈、四氢呋喃、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺等中接触来进行的。该反应一般在约0℃-约37℃进行约12-约24小时。反应完全后,通过常规方法,包括中和、萃取、沉淀、色谱、过滤等收集式IA化合物。
或者,可将中间体III转化成酰卤,再将酰卤与氨基酸衍生物IV偶合以生成式I化合物。式III的酰卤可通过将III与无机酰卤例如亚硫酰氯、三氯化磷、三溴化磷或五氯化磷、或优选与草酰氯在常规条件下接触而制得。该反应一般是在约0℃-约80℃温度下,不使用溶剂或者在惰性溶剂例如二氯甲烷或四氯化碳中,用约1-5摩尔当量的无机酰卤或草酰氯进行约1-约48小时。在该反应中还可以使用催化剂例如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
然后将中间体III的酰卤与至少1当量、优选约1.1-约1.5当量的氨基酸衍生物IV在惰性稀释剂例如二氯甲烷中于约-70℃-约40℃进行约1-约24小时。该反应优选在合适的碱存在下进行以清除在反应期间形成的酸。合适的碱包括例如,叔胺如三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、N-甲基吗啉等。或者,可在使用碱例如氢氧化钠等的水溶液的Schotten-Baumann-型条件下进行该反应。反应完全后,通过常规方法,包括中和、萃取、沉淀、色谱、过滤等收集式I化合物。
在上述偶合反应中采用的式III多环桥连环化合物可商购获得,或者可用常规方法和试剂由市售原料制得。可用于该反应的优选多环桥连环化合物包括1-金刚烷甲酸衍生物和2-奎宁环甲酸衍生物。
用于上述反应的式IV氨基酸衍生物是已知化合物或者可通过常规合成方法由已知化合物制得。例如,式IV氨基酸衍生物可通过用烷基或取代的烷基卤化物将市售2-乙酰氨基丙二酸二乙酯(Aldrich,Milwaukee,Wisconsin,USA)C-烷基化来制备。该反应一般如下进行:在回流乙醇中,用至少一当量的乙醇钠和至少一当量的烷基或取代的烷基卤化物将2-乙酰氨基丙二酸二乙酯处理约6-约12小时。然后通过在盐酸水溶液中加热回流约6-约12小时,使所得的C-烷基化的丙二酸酯脱乙酰化、水解并脱羧,得到氨基酸(通常以盐酸盐形式获得)。
适用于上述反应的式IV氨基酸衍生物的实例包括但不限于L-酪氨酸甲酯、L-3,5-二碘代酪氨酸甲酯、L-3-碘代酪氨酸甲酯、β-(4-羟基-萘-1-基)-L-丙氨酸甲酯、β-(6-羟基-萘-2-基)-L-丙氨酸甲酯、L-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯丙氨酸乙基酯等。当然,如果需要,也可使用上述化合物的其它酯或酰胺。
为了便于合成,式I化合物通常是以酯的形式,即其中X2是烷氧基或取代烷氧基等的形式制得。如果需要的话,可采用常规条件和试剂将酯基水解,以获得相应的羧酸。该反应通常是这样进行的:在约0℃-约24℃温度下,在惰性稀释剂例如甲醇或甲醇与水的混合物中,用至少1当量碱金属氢氧化物将酯处理约1-约12小时。或者,苄酯可使用钯催化剂例如披钯炭通过氢化除去。如果需要的话,可用如上所述的常规偶合试剂和条件将所得羧酸与胺例如β-丙氨酸乙酯、羟基胺例如羟基胺和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺、烷氧基胺和取代的烷氧基胺如O-甲基羟基胺和O-苄基羟基胺等偶合。
在另一优选的合成方法中,将式III多环桥连环甲酸与式V结合在聚合物上的氨基酸衍生物偶合:
其中R1、R2和R3如本文中所定义,且(p)代表聚合物或树脂。结合在聚合物上的氨基酸可商购获得,或者可通过常规方法制得。使用上述偶合方法,可将式I化合物与结合在聚合物上的氨基酸衍生物V偶合,然后从聚合物上裂解下来以获得式I化合物。制备、偶合以及裂解结合在聚合物上的氨基酸的方法是众所周知的。这样的方法描述在例如出版于1998年12月3日的国际出版物WO 98/53814中,该公开物全文引入本发明以作参考。
对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的是,在上述的合成反应之前或之后,除了氨基甲酸酯类型的官能团外,存在于式I或II化合物的任意取代基上的其它官能团也可被方便地修饰或衍化。例如,可通过在钯催化剂存在下氢化将存在于式I化合物或其中间体的取代基上的硝基方便地还原,得到相应的氨基。该反应通常在惰性稀释剂,例如甲醇中,于约20℃-约50℃下进行约6-24小时。例如,在上述偶联反应中使用4-硝基苯丙氨酸衍生物等可制备R3和/或R3取代基上带有硝基的化合物。
同样,在酸性稀释剂中,在铂催化剂,例如氧化铂的存在下可将吡啶基氢化为相应的哌啶基类似物。该反应通常如下进行:在酸性稀释剂,例如甲醇和盐酸水溶液的混合物中,于约20℃-50℃下,在催化剂的存在下,用约20psi-约60psi,优选约40psi压力的氢气将吡啶化合物处理约2-24小时。
另外,当式I或II化合物或其中间体的R1取代基含有伯氨基或仲氨基时,在上述偶联反应之前或之后,可进一步将这类氨基衍化,得到例如酰胺、磺酰胺、脲、硫脲、氨基甲酸酯、仲胺或叔胺等。如上所述,R1取代基上带有伯氨基的化合物可,例如通过还原相应的硝基化合物来制备。
为进行举例说明,带有包含伯氨基或仲氨基的取代基,例如其中R1是(4-氨基苯基)甲基的式I或II化合物或其中间体可用常规的酰化试剂和条件很容易被N-酰化,得到相应的酰胺。该酰化反应通常如下进行:在惰性稀释剂,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、乙腈、四氢呋喃、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺等中,于约0℃-37℃的温度下,在偶联试剂,例如碳二亚胺、BOP试剂(六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基氧-三(二甲氨基)膦)用至少1当量,优选约1.1-约1.2当量的羧酸将氨基化合物处理约4-约24小时。为促进酰化反应,优选使用促进剂,例如N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺、1-羟基苯并三唑等。适用于该反应的羧酸实例包括但不限于,N-叔丁基氧羰基甘氨酸、N-叔丁基氧羰基-L-苯丙氨酸、N-叔丁基氧羰基-L-天冬氨酸苄基酯、苯甲酸、N-叔丁基氧羰基六氢异烟酸、N-甲基六氢异烟酸、N-叔丁基氧羰基3-哌啶甲酸、N-叔丁基氧羰基-L-四氢异喹啉-3-羧酸、N-(甲苯-4-磺酰基)-L-脯氨酸等。
或者,包含伯氨基或仲氨基的式I或II化合物或其中间体可使用酰卤或羧酸酐进行N-酰化,得到相应的酰胺。该反应通常如下进行:在惰性稀释剂,例如二氯甲烷中,于约-70℃-40℃温度下,将氨基化合物与至少1当量,优选约1.1-1.2当量的酰卤或羧酸酐接触约1-24小时。如果需要,可使用酰化催化剂,例如4-(N,N-二甲氨基)吡啶以促进酰化反应。该酰化反应优选在适宜碱存在下进行,以清除该反应期间形成的酸。适宜的碱包括,例如叔胺如三乙胺、二异丙基乙基胺、N-甲基吗啉等。或者,该反应可在使用碱例如氢氧化钠等的水溶液的Schotten-Baumann类型条件下进行。
适用于该反应的酰卤和羧酸酐的实例包括但不限于,2-甲基丙酰氯、三甲基乙酰氯、苯基乙酰氯、苯甲酰氯、2-溴苯甲酰氯、2-甲基苯甲酰氯、2-三氟甲基苯甲酰氯、异烟酰氯、烟酰氯、吡啶甲酰氯、乙酸酐、琥珀酸酐等。为得到脲,该反应也可使用氨基甲酰氯,例如N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氯、N,N-二乙基氨基甲酰氯等。同样,为得到氨基甲酸酯,也可使用二碳酸酯,例如二碳酸二叔丁基酯。
类似地,含伯氨基或仲氨基的式I或II化合物或其中间体可使用磺酰卤或磺酸酐进行N-磺酰化形成磺酰胺。适用于该反应的磺酰卤和磺酸酐包括但不限于,甲磺酰氯、氯甲磺酰氯、对甲苯磺酰氯、三氟甲磺酸酐等。同样,使用氨磺酰氯,例如二甲基氨磺酰氯可得到磺酰胺(如,>N-SO2-<)。
此外,存在于式I或II化合物或其中间体的取代基上的伯氨基或仲氨基可与异氰酸酯或硫代异氰酸酯反应,分别得到脲或硫脲。该反应通常如下进行:在惰性稀释剂,如甲苯等中,于约24℃-约37℃下,使氨基化合物与至少1当量,优选约1.1-约1.2当量的异氰酸酯或硫代异氰酸酯接触约12-约24小时。用于该反应的异氰酸酯或硫代异氰酸酯是市售的或可采用熟知的合成方法由市售化合物制备。例如,异氰酸酯或硫代异氰酸酯很容易通过适当的胺与光气或硫光气反应来制备。适用于该反应的异氰酸酯或硫代异氰酸酯包括,但不限于,异氰酸乙酯、异氰酸正丙基酯、4-氰基苯基异氰酸酯、3-甲氧基苯基异氰酸酯、2-苯乙基异氰酸酯、硫代异氰酸甲酯、硫代异氰酸乙酯、2-苯乙基硫代异氰酸酯、3-苯丙基硫代异氰酸酯、3-(N,N-二乙氨基)丙基硫代异氰酸酯、硫代异氰酸苯基酯、硫代异氰酸苄基酯、3-吡啶基硫代异氰酸酯、荧烷二醇异硫代氰酸酯(异构体I)等。
此外,当式I或II化合物或其中间体含有伯氨基或仲氨基时,可使用醛或酮将氨基还原烷基化,形成仲氨基或叔氨基。该反应通常如下进行:在惰性稀释剂,例如甲醇、四氢呋喃或其混合物等中,于约0℃-约50℃温度下,使氨基化合物与至少1当量,优选约1.1-约1.5当量的醛或酮和至少1当量(基于氨基化合物的)金属氢化物还原剂,例如氰基硼氢化钠接触约1-约72小时。适用于该反应的醛和酮包括,但不限于,苯甲醛、4-氯代苯甲醛、戊醛等。
类似地,当式I或II化合物或其中间体具有含羟基的取代基时,在上述偶联反应之前或之后,可进一步将该羟基取代基修饰或衍化,以得到,例如醚、氨基甲酸酯等。在上述反应中,R1取代基上带有羟基的化合物,可使用例如由酪氨酸衍生的氨基酸衍生物制备。
例如,带有含羟基的取代基,例如其中R1是(4-羟基苯基)甲基的式I或II化合物或其中间体很容易进行O-烷基化,以形成醚。该O-烷基化反应通常如下进行:在惰性稀释剂,如丙酮、2-丁酮等中,将所述羟基化合物与适宜的碱金属或碱土金属碱,例如碳酸钾接触,形成该羟基的碱金属或碱土金属盐。该盐通常不需要分离,可与至少1当量的烷基卤化物或取代的烷基卤化物或磺酸酯,如烷基氯、溴、碘、甲磺酸酯、甲苯磺酸酯在原位反应得到醚。该反应一般在约60℃-约150℃下进行约24-约72小时。当反应中使用烷基氯或烷基溴时,优选向反应混合物中加入催化量的碘化钠或碘化钾。
适用于该反应的烷基卤化物或取代的烷基卤化物和磺酸酯的实例包括但不限于,溴乙酸叔丁基酯、N-叔丁基氯乙酰胺、1-溴乙基苯、α-溴苯基乙酸乙酯、2-(N-乙基-N-苯基氨基)乙基氯、2-(N,N-乙基氨基)乙基氯、2-(N,N-二异丙基氨基)乙基氯、2-(N,N-二苄基氨基)乙基氯、3-(N,N-乙基氨基)丙基氯、3-(N-苄基-N-甲基氨基)丙基氯、N-(2-氯乙基)吗啉、2(环己基亚氨基)乙基氯、3-(N-甲基哌嗪)丙基氯、1-(3-氯苯基)-4-(3-氯丙基)哌嗪、2-(4-羟基-4-苯基哌啶)乙基氯、N-叔丁基氧羰基-3-哌啶甲基甲磺酸酯等。
或者,存在于式I或II化合物或其中间体的取代基上的羟基可用Mitsunobu反应进行O-烷基化。在该反应中,在惰性稀释剂,如四氢呋喃中,于约-10℃-约5℃下,使约1.0-约1.3当量的三苯基膦与约1.0-约1.3当量的偶氮二甲酸二乙酯反应约0.25-1小时。然后加入约1.0-约1.3当量的羟基化合物,例如N-叔丁基酪氨酸甲酯,将该反应混合物在约0℃-约30℃下搅拌约2-约48小时,得到O-烷基化产物。
类似地,包含芳羟基的式I或II混合物或其中间体可与芳基碘反应,得到二芳基醚。该反应通常如下进行:在惰性稀释剂,例如二甲苯中,于约-25℃-约10℃温度下,用适宜的碱,如氢化钠形成羟基的碱金属盐。然后在约10℃-约30℃下,用约1.1-1.5当量溴化亚铜-二甲基硫醚复合物将该盐处理约0.5-2.0小时,之后再用约1.1-约1.5当量的芳基碘,例如2-碘代苯甲酸钠等处理。然后将该反应在约70℃-约150℃加热约2-约24小时,以得到二芳基醚。
或者,含羟基的化合物很容易衍生形成氨基甲酸酯。制备这类氨基甲酸酯的方法之一是,在惰性稀释剂,例如二氯甲烷中,于约-25℃-约0℃下,使式I或II羟基化合物或其中间体与约1.0-约1.2当量的4-硝基苯基氯氨基甲酸酯接触约0.5-约2.0小时。将所得碳酸酯用过量,优选约2-约5当量的三烷基氨,如三乙胺处理约0.5-约2小时,然后用约1.0-约1.5当量的伯胺或仲胺处理,得到氨基甲酸酯。适用于该反应的胺包括但不限于,哌嗪、1-甲基哌嗪、1-乙酰基哌嗪、吗啉、硫代吗啉、吡咯烷、哌啶等。
或者,在制备氨基甲酸酯的另一种方法中,在惰性稀释剂,如二氯甲烷中,于约25℃-约70℃下,将含羟基的化合物与约1.0-约1.5当量的氨基甲酰氯接触约2-约72小时。该反应通常在适宜碱存在下进行,以除去该反应期间形成的酸。适宜的碱包括例如叔胺,如三乙胺、二异丙基乙基胺、N-甲基吗啉等。或者,为有助于反应的进行,优选往该反应混合物中加入至少1当量(基于羟基化合物)的4-(N,N-二甲氨基)吡啶。适用于该反应的氨基甲酰氯的实例包括,例如二甲基氨基甲酰氯、二乙基氨基甲酰氯等。
同样,当式I或II化合物或其中间体包含伯羟基或仲羟基时,这样的羟基很容易转化为离去基团或者被置换,以形成例如胺、硫化物和氟化物。当这些反应中使用手性化合物时,与衍化羟基相连的碳原子的立体化学通常被反转。
这些反应通常如下进行:首先在吡啶中用至少1当量的磺酰卤,如对甲苯磺酰氯等处理羟基化合物,将羟基转化为离去基团,如甲磺酸酯基。该反应一般在约0℃-约70℃下进行约1-约48小时。然后可用叠氮化钠置换所得甲磺酸酯,例如在惰性稀释剂,如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和水的混合物中,于约0℃-约37℃下,将甲磺酸酯与至少1当量的叠氮化钠接触约1-约12小时,以得到相应的叠氮基化合物。然后可将叠氮基还原,例如使用披钯炭催化剂通过氢化将其还原,以生成氨基(-NH2)化合物。
类似地,甲磺酸酯基可容易地被巯基置换形成硫化物。该反应一般如下进行:在惰性稀释剂,如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,于约0℃-约37℃下,在适宜碱例如1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)存在下,将甲磺酸酯与至少1当量的硫醇,如苯硫酚接触约1-约12小时,得到硫化物。另外,在惰性稀释剂,如二氯甲烷中,于约0℃-37℃下,用吗啉代三氟化硫处理甲磺酸酯约12-约24小时可得到相应的氟代化合物。
此外,对于具有包含碘芳基的取代基的式I或II化合物或其中间体,例如其中R1是(4-碘苯基)甲基的式I或II化合物,可在上述偶合反应之前或之后将其容易地转化成联芳基化合物。该反应一般是这样进行的:在约24℃-约30℃温度下,在惰性稀释剂例如四氢呋喃中,在钯催化剂例如四(三苯基膦)钯存在下,用约1.1-约2当量的芳基锌碘化物例如2-(甲氧羰基)苯基锌碘化物处理碘芳基化合物,直至反应完全。该反应进一步描述在例如Rieke,J.Org.Chem.1991,56,1445中。出版于1998年12月3日的国际出版物WO 98/53817中描述了制备联芳基衍生物的其它方法,该公开物全文引入本发明以作参考。
在某些实例中,式I或I I化合物或其中间体可包含具有一个或多个硫原子的取代基。当存在时,可在上述偶合反应之前或之后用常规试剂和反应条件将硫原子氧化,以获得亚砜或砜化合物。用于将硫化物化合物氧化成亚砜的合适试剂包括例如过氧化氢、3-氯过苯甲酸(MCPBA)、高碘酸钠等。该氧化反应一般是这样进行的:在约-50℃-约75℃温度下,在惰性稀释剂例如二氯甲烷中,将硫化物化合物与约0.95-约1.1当量的氧化剂接触约1-约24小时。对于所得亚砜,可通过将其与另外至少1当量的氧化剂例如过氧化氢、MCPBA、或高锰酸钠等接触来进一步氧化成相应的砜。或者,可通过将硫化物与至少2当量、优选过量氧化剂接触而直接制备砜。这样的反应进一步描述在March,″Advanced Organic Chemistry″,4th Ed.,pp.1201-1202,Wiley Publisher,1992中。
在下文的实施例中描述了制备本发明化合物的其它方法。
药物制剂
当用作药物时,本发明化合物通常是以药物组合物的形式给药。这些化合物可通过多种途径给药,包括口服给药、直肠给药、透皮给药、皮下给药、静脉内给药、肌内给药、和鼻内给药。这些化合物以注射和口服组合物的形式施用都是有效的。这样的组合物是按照制药领域众所周知的方法制得的,并包含至少一种活性化合物。
本发明还包括含有一种或多种式I或II化合物作为活性组分和可药用载体的药物组合物。在制备本发明组合物过程中,通常是将活性组分与赋形剂混合,用赋形剂稀释,或者包封在可以呈胶囊、药囊、填充纸或其它容器形式的载体中。当赋形剂起稀释剂的作用时,其可以是固体、半固体、或液体物质,并用作活性组分的赋形剂、载体或介质。因此,本发明组合物可制成片剂、丸剂、粉剂、锭剂、药囊、酏剂、悬浮剂、乳剂、溶液剂、糖浆剂气雾剂(呈固体或者在液体介质中)、含有例如最高达10%重量活性化合物的膏剂、软和硬明胶胶囊、栓剂、无菌注射液、和无菌包装粉末的形式。
在制备制剂时,可能需要将活性化合物在与其它组分混合之前预先碾磨以使其具有适当粒径。如果活性化合物基本上是不溶的,通常将其碾磨至粒径小于200目。如果活性化合物基本上溶于水,一般是通过碾磨调节其粒径,以在制剂中基本上均匀地分布,例如以约40目的粒径均匀分布。
适当赋形剂的一些实例包括乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、山梨醇、甘露醇、淀粉、阿拉伯胶、磷酸钙、藻酸盐、西黄蓍胶、明胶、硅酸钙、微晶纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、纤维素、水、糖浆和甲基纤维素。制剂还可以包含:润滑剂例如滑石、硬脂酸镁、和矿物油;润湿剂;乳化剂和悬浮剂;防腐剂例如羟基苯甲酸甲酯和羟基苯甲酸丙酯;和矫味剂。可通过本领域已知方法配制本发明组合物,以使得施用给患者后能迅速、持续或延迟释放活性组分。
优选将本发明组合物制成单位剂型,每个单位剂型含有约5-约100mg、更经常是约10-约30mg活性组分。术语“单位剂型”是指适于用作人类受治疗者和其它哺乳动物的剂量单位的物理不连续单位,每一单位含有为产生所需疗效所计算出的预定量的活性组分和合适的药物赋形剂。
本发明活性化合物在很宽的剂量范围内有效,并且通常是以药物有效量施用。然而,应当理解,本发明化合物的实际给药量应当由医师根据相关因素来确定,这些相关因素包括所治疗的病症、所选的给药途径、施用的具体化合物、个体患者的年龄、体重、和反应、患者症状的严重程度等。
为了制备固体组合物例如片剂,将主要活性组分与药物赋形剂混合,以形成含有本发明化合物的均匀混合物的固体预配制组合物。当提及这些预配制组合物是均匀的时,这是表示活性组分均匀地分散在整个组合物中,这样就易于将组合物细分成同等有效的单位剂型例如片剂、丸剂和胶囊。然后将固体预配制组合物细分成含有例如0.1-约500mg本发明活性组分的上述类型单位剂型。
可将本发明片剂或丸剂包衣或复合,以提供具有延长作用优点的剂型。例如,本发明片剂或丸剂可包含内剂量组分和外剂量组分,后者呈包裹在前者上面的形式。这两部分组分可通过肠溶层隔开,该肠溶衣层的作用是阻止在胃中崩解,并使内组分保持完整地进入十二指肠或者延迟释放。有多种材料可用于这样的肠溶层或包衣,这样的材料包括多种聚合酸和聚合酸与诸如虫胶、鲸蜡醇、和乙酸纤维素这样的材料的混合物。
包含本发明新组合物的口服或注射给药用液体剂型包括用糖浆适当调味的水溶液,水或油悬浮液,和含有食用油例如棉子油、椰子油、或花生油的调味乳剂,以及酏剂和类似药物载体。
吸入或吹入用组合物包括在可药用水或有机溶剂或它们的混合物中的溶液和悬浮液,和粉剂。这样的液体或固体组合物可含有如上所述的合适可药用赋形剂。这样的组合物优选通过经口或经鼻呼吸途径给药,以获得局部或系统效果。在优选可药用溶剂中的组合物可用惰性气体喷雾。喷雾溶液可从喷雾装置中直接吸入,或者可将喷雾装置连接在面罩、或间歇式正压呼吸机上。溶液、悬浮液或粉末组合物可优选经口或经鼻从以适当方式递送制剂的装置中给药。
下述制剂实施例举例说明本发明药物组合物。
制剂实施例1
制备含有下列组分的硬明胶胶囊:
量
组分
(mg/胶囊)
活性组分 30.0
淀粉 305.0
硬脂酸镁 5.0
将上述组分混合,并以340mg的量填充到硬明胶胶囊中。
制剂实施例2
使用下列组分制备片剂:
量
组分
(mg/片)
活性组分 25.0
微晶纤维素 200.0
胶态二氧化硅 10.0
硬脂酸 5.0
将各组分混合,并压制成每片重240mg的片剂。
制剂实施例3
制备含有下列组分的干粉吸入器制剂:
组分重量 %
活性组分 5
乳糖 95
将活性混合物与乳糖混合,将该混合物加到干粉吸入用具中
制剂实施例4
如下所述制备每片含有30mg活性组分的片剂:
量
组分
(mg/片)
活性组分 30.0mg
淀粉 45.0mg
微晶纤维素 35.0mg
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮
(10%水溶液的形式) 4.0mg
羧基甲基淀粉钠 4.5mg
硬脂酸镁 0.5mg
滑石粉 1.0mg
总共 120mg
将活性组分、淀粉和纤维素过No.20目U.S.筛,并充分混合。将所得粉末与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液混合,然后过16目U.S.筛。将所制得的颗粒在50-60℃干燥,并过16目U.S.筛。然后将预先过30目U.S.筛的羧甲基淀粉钠、硬脂酸镁、和滑石粉加到上述颗粒中,混合,然后在制片机上压制成每片重150mg的片剂。
制剂实施例5
如下所述制备每粒含40mg药物的胶囊:
量
组分
(mg/胶囊)
活性组分 40.0mg
淀粉 109.0mg
硬脂酸镁 1.0mg
总共 150.0mg
将活性组分、纤维素、淀粉、和硬脂酸镁混合,过No.20目U.S.筛,以150mg的量填充到硬明胶胶囊中。
制剂实施例6
如下所述制备每粒含有25mg活性组分的栓剂:
组分
量
活性组分 25mg
饱和脂肪酸甘油酯 至 2,000mg
将活性组分过No.60目U.S.筛,悬浮在预先用最小必需热量熔化的饱和脂肪酸甘油酯中。然后将该混合物倒入2.0g容量规格的栓剂模子中,并使之冷却。
制剂实施例7
如下所述制备每50ml剂量含有50mg药物的悬浮剂:
组分
量
活性组分 50.0mg
黄原胶 4.0mg
羧甲基纤维素钠(11%)
微晶纤维素(89%) 50.0mg
蔗糖 1.75g
苯甲酸钠 10.0mg
矫味剂和着色剂适量
纯化水 至 5.0ml
将药物、蔗糖和黄原胶混合,过No.10目U.S.筛,然后与预先制备的微晶纤维素和羧甲基纤维素钠的水溶液混合。用一些水将苯甲酸钠、矫味剂和着色剂稀释,并在搅拌下加入。然后加入足量水以产生所需体积。
制剂实施例8
量
组分
(mg/胶囊)
活性组分 15.0mg
淀粉 407.0mg
硬脂酸镁 3.0mg
总共 425.0mg
将活性组分、纤维素、淀粉、和硬脂酸镁混合,过No.20目U.S.筛,并以560mg的量填充到硬明胶胶囊中。
制剂实施例9
如下所述制备静脉内给药制剂:
组分
量
活性组分 250.0mg
等渗盐水 1000ml
制剂实施例10
如下所述制备局部施用制剂:
组分
量
活性组分 1-10g
乳化蜡 30g
液体石蜡 20g
白色软石蜡 至 100g
将白色软石蜡加热至熔化。加入液体石蜡和熔化蜡,并搅拌直至溶解。加入活性组分,并继续搅拌直至其均匀分散。然后将该混合物冷却直至形成固体。
在本发明方法中使用的另一优选制剂是透皮释放装置(″贴剂″)。这样的透皮贴剂可用于使本发明化合物以可控方式连续或不连续地释放。用于递送药物活性剂的透皮贴剂的构造和应用是本领域众所周知的。参见例如于1991年6月11日出版的U.S.专利5,023,252,该专利文件引入本发明以作参考。可将这样的贴剂构建成能连续、脉冲式、或按照需要释放药物活性剂的贴剂。
在需要或必需时,可使用直接或间接定位技术来将药物组合物引入到脑中。直接技术通常包括将药物递送导管放置到宿主的心室系统中以绕过血脑屏障。U.S.专利5,011,472中描述了一种用于将生物因子运送到身体特定解剖区域的可植入释放系统,该专利文件引入本发明以作参考。
间接技术通常是优选的,其一般包括配制组合物以通过将亲水性药物转化成脂溶性药物来提供药物的潜伏化作用。潜伏化作用一般是这样实现的:将药物上存在的羟基、羰基、硫酸根、和伯胺基团阻断,以使药物具有更强的脂溶性,并且能够穿越血脑屏障。或者,可通过动脉内输注能短暂打开血脑屏障的高渗溶液来促进亲水性药物的递送。
应用
本发明化合物可用于结合生物样本中的VLA-4(α4β1整联蛋白),因此可用于测定生物样本中的VLA-4。在这样的测定中,可将本发明化合物固定在固体载体上,并向其中加入VLA-4样本。可通过常规方法例如使用夹心ELISA测定法测定VLA-4的量。或者,可在竞争性测定中使用标记的VLA-4来测定样本中存在的VLA-4的量。其它合适的测定方法是本领域众所周知的。
此外,一些本发明化合物能在体内抑制VLA-4介导的白细胞与内皮细胞的粘着,并因此可用于治疗VLA-4介导的疾病。这样的疾病包括哮喘、阿耳茨海默氏病、动脉粥样硬化、AIDS痴呆、糖尿病(包括急性青少年起病型糖尿病)、炎性肠病(包括溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩氏病),多发性硬化、类风湿性关节炎、组织移植、肿瘤转移、脑膜炎、脑炎、中风、和其它脑损伤、肾炎、视网膜炎、特应性皮炎、牛皮癣、心肌缺血、和急性白细胞介导的肺损伤例如发生于成年呼吸窘迫综合征中。
可在多种系统中测定本发明化合物的上述生物活性。例如,可将化合物固定在固体表面上,并可以测定表达VLA-4的细胞的粘着。使用这样的模型可筛选大量化合物。适用于该测定的细胞包括已知能表达VLA-4的任何白细胞,例如T细胞、B细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、和嗜碱细胞。还可以使用大量白细胞细胞系,其实例包括Jurkat和U937。
还可以测定测试化合物竞争性地抑制VLA-4与下述物质结合的能力,即VLA-4与VCAM-1的结合,或者VLA-4与已知能结合VLA-4的标记化合物例如本发明化合物或VLA-4的抗体之间的结合。在这些测定中,可将VCAM-1固定在固体表面上。在这些测定中,VCAM-1也可以作为具有Ig尾(例如IgG)的重组融合蛋白表达,这样就可以在免疫测定中检测与VLA-4的结合。或者,可使用表达VCAM-1的细胞,例如激活的内皮细胞或VCAM-1转染的成纤维细胞。对于测定阻断与脑内皮细胞粘着的能力的测定法,在国际专利申请WO 91/05038中描述的测定法是特别优选的。该专利申请全文引入本发明以作参考。
许多测定方法使用标记的测定组分。标记系统可以有多种形式。可依据本领域众所周知的方法将标记物直接或间接偶合到所要测定的组分上。可使用各种各样的标记物。可使用数种方法中的任一种将组分标记。最常用的方法是使用3H、125I、35S、14C、或32P标记的化合物的放射自显影法。非放射性标记物包括能与标记抗体结合的配体、荧光团、化学发光剂、酶、和能充当标记配体特异结合对成员的抗体。标记物的选择取决于所需的灵敏度、与化合物缀合的容易程度、稳定性要求和可采用的仪器。
用于测定治疗炎性反应的效力的适当体内模型包括在小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠或灵长目动物中的EAE(实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎)、以及取决于α4整联蛋白的其它炎症模型。
可按照需要将具有所需生物活性的化合物修饰,以提供所需性质例如改进的药理学特性(例如体内稳定性、生物利用度)、和在诊断应用中被检测到的能力。例如,在本发明磺胺类药中引入一个或多个D-氨基酸通常能提高体内稳定性。可通过多种方法测定稳定性,例如通过测定蛋白在与肽酶或人血浆或血清培养期间的半衰期来确定其稳定性。现有技术中已经描述了多种这样的蛋白稳定性测定法(参见例如Verhoef等人,Eur.J.Drug Metab.Pharmacokinet.,1990,15(2):83-93)。
对于诊断应用,可将各种标记物连接到能直接或间接提供可检测信号的化合物上。因此,可根据各种最终目的通过多种方法将本发明化合物修饰,同时保持生物活性。此外,可在末端引入用来连接颗粒、固体底物、大分子等的各种反应位点。
标记化合物可在多种体内或体外应用中使用。可使用多种标记物,例如放射性核素(如放射γ射线的放射性同位素例如锝-99或铟-111)、荧光物质(例如荧光素)、酶、酶底物、酶辅因子、酶抑制剂、化学发光化合物、生物发光化合物等。本领域技术人员知道用于结合复合物的其它合适标记物,或者能通过常规实验确定出合适的标记物。使用本领域普通技术人员众所周知的标准技术可实现这些标记物的结合。
体外应用包括诊断应用,例如通过检测表达VLA-4的白细胞的存在来检查炎性反应。本发明化合物还可用于分离或标记这样的细胞。此外,如上所述,本发明化合物可用于鉴定VLA-4/VCAM-1相互作用的潜在抑制剂。
为了体内诊断成象以确定例如炎症位点,一般是依据众所周知的技术使用放射性同位素。可将放射性同位素直接或者使用中间官能团间接结合到肽上。例如,人们已使用螯合剂例如二亚乙基三胺五乙酸(DTPA)和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)以及类似分子来将蛋白结合到金属离子放射性同位素上。
为了体内诊断,例如众所周知的磁共振成象(MRI)或电子自旋共振(ESR),还可以用顺磁性同位素将复合物标记。一般可使用任何造影诊断成象常规方法。对于摄影成象,通常使用发射γ射线和正电子的放射性同位素,对于MRI,通常使用顺磁性同位素。因此,可使用本发明化合物来监视个体中炎性反应改善的过程。通过测定表达VLA-4的淋巴细胞的增加或减少,可以确定为改善疾病所制定的特定治疗方案是否有效。
本发明的药物组合物可用于阻断或抑制与多种疾病和障碍有关的细胞粘着。例如,有多种炎性病症与整联蛋白或白细胞有关。能用本发明组合物治疗的病症包括例如移植排斥(例如同种移植物排斥)、阿耳茨海默氏病、动脉粥样硬化、AIDS痴呆、糖尿病(包括急性青少年起病型糖尿病)、视网膜炎、癌症转移、类风湿性关节炎、急性白细胞介导的肺损伤(例如成人呼吸窘迫综合征)、哮喘、肾炎、包括特应性皮炎在内的急性和慢性炎症、牛皮癣、心肌缺血、和炎性肠病(包括克罗恩氏病和溃疡性结肠炎)。在优选的实施方案中,使用本发明的药物组合物来治疗炎性脑病,例如多发性硬化(MS)、病毒性脑膜炎和脑炎。
炎性肠病是称为克罗恩氏病和溃疡性结肠炎的两种类似疾病的统称。克罗恩氏病是自发的慢性溃疡缩窄性炎性疾病,其特征是由于肉芽肿炎性反应而导致肠壁的所有层都发生明显分界且典型的跨壁现象。从口腔到肛门的任何胃肠道部分都有可能发生该疾病,但是该疾病主要影响末端回肠和/或结肠。溃疡性结肠炎是主要局限在结肠粘膜和粘膜下层的炎症。在炎性肠病的病变中有大量淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞,它们可能是导致炎性损伤的原因。
哮喘的特征是,气管支气管树对各种加强支气管的阵发性收缩的刺激的响应能力增强。刺激引起包被有IgE的肥大细胞释放各种炎性介质,包括组胺、嗜酸性和嗜中性趋化因子、白三烯、前列腺素和血小板活化因子。这些因子的释放使得嗜碱细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、和嗜中性细胞汇集,从而导致炎性损伤。
动脉粥样硬化是动脉(例如冠状动脉、颈动脉、主动脉和髂动脉)的疾病。基本病变-动脉粉瘤由内膜内隆起的病灶斑构成,该病灶斑具有脂质核心以及纤维性覆盖罩。动脉粉瘤危害动脉血流并削弱受影响的动脉。心肌梗塞和脑梗塞是该疾病的主要后果。巨噬细胞和白细胞汇集在动脉粉瘤上并导致炎性损伤。
类风湿性关节炎是主要引起关节损伤和破坏的慢性、复发性炎性疾病。类风湿性关节炎一般首先影响手和脚的小关节,但是之后可能会影响腕、肘、踝和膝盖。这样的关节炎是由于从循环血流渗入到关节滑液内层中的白细胞与滑液细胞的相互作用而引起的。参见例如Paul,Immunology(3d ed.,Raven Press,1993)。
本发明化合物的另一适应征是治疗VLA-4介导的器官或移植物排斥。近几年,移植组织和器官例如皮肤、肾、肝脏、心脏、肺、胰腺和骨髓的外科技术的功效已有显著改善。也许最主要的突出问题是缺乏能诱导接受者对移植的同种移植物或器官的免疫耐受性的令人满意的活性剂。当同种异体细胞或器官被移植到宿主中时(即供体和受体是相同物种的不同个体),宿主免疫系统可能会对移植物中的外来抗原产生免疫反应(宿主-对-移植物疾病),导致移植的组织被破坏。CD8+细胞、CD4细胞和单核细胞都在移植组织的排斥中涉及到。能结合α-4整联蛋白的本发明化合物可特别用于阻断受体中的异体抗原诱导的免疫反应,因此能阻止这样的细胞参与破坏移植的组织或器官。参见,例如Paul等人,Transplant International 9,420-425(1996);Georczynski等人,Immunology 87,573-580(1996);Georcyznski等人,Transplant.Immunol.3,55-61(1995);Yang等人,Transplantation 60,71-76(1995);Anderson等人,APMIS 102,23-27(1994)。
能结合VLA-4的本发明化合物的相关应用是调节在″移植物-对-宿主″疾病(GVHD)中所涉及的免疫反应。参见例如Schlegel等人,J.Immunol.155,3856-3865(1995)。GVHD是当把免疫活性细胞转移到同种异体接受者中时发生的可能致死的疾病。在该情形下,供体的免疫活性细胞可攻击接受者的组织。皮肤、肠上皮和肝脏组织是主要攻击目标,并且可能在GVHD期间被破坏。当移植免疫组织例如骨髓移植时,该疾病是尤其严重的问题;但是对于其它移植,包括心脏和肝脏移植,很少有关于严重GVHD的报道。本发明治疗剂能特别用于阻断供体T-细胞的激活,从而影响它们溶解宿主靶细胞的能力。
本发明化合物的另一应用是抑制肿瘤转移。据报道有几种肿瘤细胞并表达VLA-4,结合VLA-4的化合物能阻断这样的细胞与内皮细胞的粘着。Steinback等人,Urol.Res.23,175-83(1995);Orosz等人,Int.J.Cancer 60,867-71(1995);Freedman等人,Leuk.Lymphoma 13,47-52(1994);Okahara等人,Cancer Res.54,3233-6(1994)。
本发明化合物的另一应用是治疗多发性硬化。多发性硬化是进行性神经病性自身免疫性疾病,在美国估计有250,000-350,000人患有该疾病。人们认为多发性硬化是特异性自身免疫性反应导致的,在这样的自身免疫性反应中,一些白细胞攻击并导致髓磷脂—覆盖神经纤维的绝缘鞘的破坏。在一个多发性硬化动物模型中,已经证明抗VLA-4的鼠单克隆抗体阻断白细胞与内皮细胞的粘着,并因此在该动物中阻止了中枢神经系统的炎症和继发性麻痹16。
本发明药物组合物适于在各种给药系统中使用。适用于本发明的制剂参见Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,MacePublishing Company,Philadelphia,PA,17th ed.(1985)。
为了延长血清半衰期,可将本发明化合物包封在胶囊中,置于脂质体腔中,制成胶体,或者采用能延长本发明化合物血清半衰期的其它常用技术。制备脂质体的各种方法描述在例如Szoka,等人的US专利4,235,871、4,501,728和4,837,028中,这些专利文件引入本发明以作参考。
给患者的施用量将取决于所施用的化合物、给药目的例如是预防还是治疗、患者的身体状况、给药方式等。对于治疗应用,以足以治愈或至少部分抑制疾病及其并发症的症状的量将组合物施用给已经患有疾病的患者。能足以达到该目的的量定义为″治疗有效剂量″。对于该应用,有效量将取决于所治疗的疾病以及临床医师根据诸如炎症严重程度、患者年龄、体重和身体一般状况等因素所作的判断。
组合物是以上述药物组合物的形式施用给患者。可通过常规灭菌技术将这些组合物灭菌,患者可将组合物无菌过滤。可将所得水溶液照原样包装以供使用,或者可将所得水溶液冷冻干燥,在临给药前再用无菌含水载体配制冷冻干燥制剂。本发明化合物制剂的pH一般为3-11、更优选为5-9、最优选为7-8。应当理解,一些上述赋形剂、载体或稳定剂可能会导致形成药物盐。
本发明化合物的治疗剂量将随例如治疗的特定应用、化合物的给药方式、患者的健康和状况、以及处方医师的判断等而变。例如,对于静脉内给药,剂量一般为约20μg-约500μg/kg体重、优选约100μg-约300μg/kg体重。对于鼻内给药,合适的剂量一般为约0.1pg-1mg/kg体重。可从得自体外或动物模型试验系统的剂量-反应曲线推导出有效剂量。
本发明化合物还能结合或拮抗α6β1、α9β1、α4β7、αdβ2、αeβ7整联蛋白(虽然在本发明中α4β1和α9β1是优选的)的作用。因此,本发明化合物还可用于预防或治愈由于这些整联蛋白与其各自配体结合所引起的症状、病症或疾病。
例如,1998年12月3日出版的国际专利WO 98/53817(该出版物全文引入本发明以作参考)及其所引用的文献描述了由α4β7介导的病症。该专利文件还描述了测定依赖于α4β7的结合VCAM-Ig融合蛋白的拮抗作用的测定法。
此外,结合αdβ2和αeβ7整联蛋白的化合物特别适用于治疗哮喘以及相关肺病。参见,例如M.H.Grayson等人,J.Exp.Med.1998,188(11)2187-2191。结合αeβ7整联蛋白的化合物还可用于治疗系统性红斑狼疮(参见,例如M.Pang等人,Arthritis Rheum.1998,41(8),1456-1463);克罗恩氏病、溃疡性结肠炎和炎性肠病(IBD)(参见,例如D.Elewaut等人,Scand J.Gastroenterol 1998,33(7)743-748);斯耶格伦氏综合征(参见,例如U.Kroneld等人,Scand J.Gastroenterol 1998,27(3),215-218);和类风湿性关节炎(参见,例如Scand J.Gastroenterol 1996,44(3),293-298)。结合α6β1的化合物可用于阻止受精(参见,例如H.Chen等人,Chem.Biol.1999,6,1-10)。
下述合成和生物实施例是用于举例说明本发明,而不应当理解为以任何方式对本发明范围的限制。除非另有说明,所有温度都是以摄氏度表示的。
实施例
在下述实施例中,下列缩写具有下述含义。如果缩写未被定义,则其具有通常所接受的含义。
aq或aq.=含水的
AcOH=乙酸
bd=宽双峰
bm=宽多重峰
bs=宽单峰
Bn=苄基
Boc=N-叔丁氧基羰基
Boc2O=二碳酸二叔丁酯
BOP=六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基氧基三(二甲基氨基)膦
Cbz=苄氧羰基
CHCl3=氯仿
CH2C12=二氯甲烷
(COCl)2=草酰氯
d=双峰
dd=双双峰
dt=双三重峰
DBU=1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一-7-烯
DCC=1,3-二环己基碳二亚胺
DMAP=4-N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶
DME=乙二醇二甲基醚
DMF=N,N-二甲基甲酰胺
DMSO=二甲亚砜
EDC=1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐
Et3N=三乙胺
Et2O=乙醚
EtOAc=乙酸乙酯
EtOH=乙醇
eq或eq.=当量
Fmoc=N-(9-芴基甲氧羰基)
FmocONSu=N-(9-芴基甲氧羰基)琥珀酰亚胺
g=克
h=小时
H2O=水
HBr=氢溴酸
HCl=盐酸
HOBT=1-羟基苯并三唑水合物
hr=小时
K2CO3=碳酸钾
L=升
m=多重峰
MeOH=甲醇
mg=毫克
MgSO4=硫酸镁
mL=毫升
mm=毫米
mM=毫摩尔
mmol=毫摩尔
mp=熔点
N=标准的
NaCl=氯化钠
Na2CO3=碳酸钠
NaHCO3=碳酸氢钠
NaOEt=乙醇钠
NaOH=氢氧化钠
NH4Cl=氯化铵
NMM=N-甲基吗啉
Phe=L-苯基丙氨酸
Pro=L-脯氨酸
psi=磅/平方英寸
PtO2=氧化铂
q=四重峰
quint.=五重峰
rt=室温
s=单峰
sat=饱和
t=三重峰
t-BuOH=叔丁醇
TFA=三氟乙酸
THF=四氢呋喃
TLC或tlc=薄层色谱
Ts=甲苯磺酰基
TsCl=甲苯磺酰氯
TsOH=甲苯磺酸
μl=微升
可使用下述方法来制备本发明化合物。
方法A
甲酯制备方法
可用Brenner和Huber Helv.Chim.Acta 1953,36,1109的方法制备氨基酸甲酯。
方法B
BOP偶合法
通过下述方法制备所需的二肽酯:将羧酸(1当量)与适当氨基酸酯或氨基酸酯盐酸盐(1当量)、六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基氧基三(二甲基氨基)磷[BOP](2.0当量)、三乙胺(1.1当量)、和DMF反应。将该反应混合物在室温搅拌过夜。通过快速色谱法纯化纯化粗产物,获得了所需的二肽酯。
方法C
氢化方法I
在甲醇中使用10%披钯炭(10%重量)于30psi氢化过夜。将该混合物经由硅藻土垫过滤,将滤液浓缩,获得了所需化合物。
方法D
水解方法I
向适当酯的冷却的(0℃)THF/H2O溶液(2∶1,5-10mL)中加入LiOH(或NaOH)(0.95当量)。将温度保持在0℃,反应在1-3小时内完全。用乙酸乙酯萃取该反应混合物,将水相冷冻干燥,获得了所需的羧酸盐。
方法E
酯水解方法II
向适当酯的冷却的(0℃)THF/H2O溶液(2∶1,5-10mL)中加入LiOH(或NaOH)(1.1当量)。将温度保持在0℃,反应在1-3小时内完全。将该反应混合物浓缩,残余物置于水中,并用盐酸将pH调节至2-3。用乙酸乙酯萃取产物,合并的有机相用盐水洗涤,用MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,获得了所需的酸。
方法F
酯水解方法III
将适当酯溶于二氧杂环己烷/H2O(1∶1)中,加入0.9当量0.5NNaOH。将该反应搅拌3-16小时,然后浓缩。将所得残余物溶于水中,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将水相冷冻干燥,获得了所需的羧酸钠盐。
方法G
BOC除去法
在0℃,向适当Boc-氨基酸酯的甲醇溶液中通15分钟的无水氯化氢(HCl)气体,将该反应混合物搅拌3小时。将该溶液浓缩至浆状液,溶于Et2O并再次浓缩。重复该操作,将所得固体在高度真空下放置过夜。
方法H
叔丁酯水解方法I
将叔丁酯溶于CH2Cl2中,并用TFA处理。反应在1-3小时内完全,然后将该反应混合物浓缩,把残余物溶于水中,冷冻干燥,获得了所需的酸。
方法I
EDC偶合法I
向羧酸(1当量)的二氯甲烷溶液(5-20mL)中混合入适当氨基酸酯盐酸盐(1当量)、N-甲基吗啉(1.1-2.2当量)和1-羟基苯并三唑(2当量),置于冰浴中,然后加入1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺(1.1当量)。将该反应升至室温,并搅拌过夜。将该反应混合物倒入水中,依次用饱和NaHCO3、盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4或Na2SO4),过滤并浓缩。通过柱色谱纯化粗产物。
方法J
EDC偶合法II
向羧酸(1当量)的DMF溶液(5-20mL)中混合入适当氨基酸酯盐酸盐(1当量)、Et3N(1.1当量)和1-羟基苯并三唑(2当量),置于冰浴中,然后加入1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺(1.1当量)。将该反应升至室温,并搅拌过夜。将该反应混合物在EtOAc和水之间分配,将有机相依次用0.2N柠檬酸、水、饱和NaHCO3、盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4或Na2SO4),过滤并浓缩。通过柱色谱或制备TLC纯化粗产物。
方法K
叔丁酯水解方法II
将叔丁酯溶于CH2Cl2(5mL)中,并用TFA(5mL)处理。反应在1-3小时内完全,然后将该反应混合物浓缩,把残余物溶于水中,并浓缩。将残余物再溶于水中,冷冻干燥,获得了所需产物。
方法L
氨基甲酸酯形成方法I
将15.2mmol,1.0eq.羟基原料化合物(一般是酪氨酸衍生物)和1.86g(15.2mmol,1.0eq)DMAP合并在反应瓶中。然后加入二氯甲烷(50mL)、三乙胺(2.12mL,1.54g,15.2mmol,1.0eq)、和二甲基氨基甲酰氯(1.68mL,1.96g,18.2mmol,1.2eq)。将该反应瓶紧密封盖,把反应溶液涡漩以形成均匀溶液。然后将该反应溶液加热至40℃。48小时后,对所得无色溶液进行的TLC分析表明转化已完全。如下所述对该反应溶液进行后处理:向该反应混合物中加入50mL EtOAc和50mL己烷,将所得混合物依次用0.5M柠檬酸(3×50mL)、水(2×50mL)、10%K2CO3(2×50mL)、和饱和NaCl(1×50mL)洗涤,用MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发,获得了所需化合物。
方法M
氨基甲酸酯形成方法II
将84.34mmol(1.0eq)羟基原料化合物(一般是酪氨酸衍生物)和17.0g(84.34mmol,1.0eq)氯甲酸4-硝基苯基酯合并到反应瓶内。加入二氯甲烷(700mL),并用隔膜将该反应瓶封盖。连接上氮气管线,在搅拌下将该反应瓶浸泡在4∶1水/乙醇干冰浆液中以冷却至-15℃。在搅拌下用5分钟加入三乙胺(29.38mL,21.33g,210.81mmol,2.5eq),并在-10--15℃继续搅拌1小时。在搅拌下用3分钟加入N-甲基哌嗪(9.35mL,8.45g,84.34mmol,1.0eq),继续搅拌过夜,同时温热至室温。用700mL己烷将该反应混合物稀释,用10%K2CO3反复洗涤所得化合物直至水层中观察不到任何黄色(4-硝基苯酚的颜色)。然后将该混合物用饱和NaCl洗涤,用MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发。把残余物溶于500mL乙醇中,并蒸发以除去三乙胺。将残余物再次溶于500mL乙醇中,蒸发以除去三乙胺。然后将该残余物溶于400mL乙醇中,在搅拌下加入600mL水,以沉淀出固体或油状物。
如果形成的是油状物,则剧烈搅拌该油状物以使其固化。然后通过过滤分离出固体。将溶解、沉淀、和过滤重复一次,用水洗涤所得固体以除去微量黄色物质。然后将该固体置于高度真空下,直至质量保持恒定,由此获得了所需的氨基甲酰氧基化合物。
实施例1
合成N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-L-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸
用1M ANaOH在3∶1甲醇∶水中的溶液将1,3-金刚烷二甲酸二甲酯进行单皂化。使用在方法B、L和K中描述的方法制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ=9.25(bs,1H),7.12(d,2H),7.03(d,2H),6.37(d,1H),4.86(m,1H),3.65(s,3H),3.22(m,2H),3.09(s,3H),3.00(s,3H),2.10-1.60(m,14H).
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ=177.38,177.21,173.49,155.25,150.37,133.18,130.38,121.62,52.71,51.64,40.89,40.7,39.69,37.85,37.81,37.67,36.55,36.29,35.06,27.65.
使用本领域众所周知的方法制得了表I所示的实施例2-26化合物。
实施例27
合成N-(3-羧基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(2’-氰基苯基)苯基丙氨酸
步骤A:制备4-碘-(L)-苯基丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐
使用方法A,由市售4-碘-(l)-苯基丙氨酸制得了本标题中间体。
步骤B:制备N-叔丁氧基羰基-4-碘-(L)-苯基丙氨酸甲酯
按照Schwabacher在J.Org.Chem,59,15,1994,4206中描述的方法制备本标题中间体。
步骤C:制备N-叔丁基羰基-(L)-4-(三甲基甲锡烷基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯
按照Morera和Ortar Synlett 1997,1403描述的方法,由N-叔丁氧基羰基-(L)-4-碘苯基丙氨酸甲酯制得了本标题中间体。
步骤D:制备N-叔丁氧基羰基-(L)-4-(2’-氰基苯基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯
向N-叔丁氧基羰基-(L)-4-(三甲基甲锡烷基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯在甲苯内的溶液中加入2-溴苯甲腈(1.0eq)。将该溶液在氮气氛下脱气。加入二氯化二(三苯基膦)钯(II)(0.03%),将该反应混合物在100℃加热2小时。再加入2-溴苯甲腈(1.0eq),将该反应再加热1小时。将该反应混合物冷却,并加入乙酸乙酯。然后将该溶液用水和饱和盐水洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥。通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂,通过硅胶色谱纯化残余物(乙酸乙酯/己烷1∶3),获得了本标题化合物。
步骤E:制备(L)-4-(2’-氰基苯基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯三氟乙酸盐
使用方法H,由N-叔丁氧基羰基-(L)-4-(2’-氰基苯基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯制得了本标题化合物。
步骤F:制备N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(2’-氰基苯基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯
通过使用方法J将(L)-4-(2’-氰基苯基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯三氟乙酸盐与3-(甲氧羰基)金刚烷-1-甲酸偶合,获得了本标题化合物。
步骤G:制备N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(2’-氰基苯基)苯基丙氨酸
通过使用方法E将N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(2’-氰基苯基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯水解,制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ1.67(m,14H);3.08(m,2H);4.75(m,1H);3.62(s,3H);6.39(bs,1H);7.35(d,2H);7.46(d,2H);7.54(m,1H);7.70(m,1H);7.81(m,1H)
步骤H:制备N-(3-羧基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(2’-氰基苯基)苯基丙氨酸
使用方法E,通过将N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(2’-氰基苯基)苯基丙氨酸水解制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ20.72;27.61;29.59;34.99;36.77;37.44;37.66;39.46;40.72;52.97.
实施例28
合成N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(2’-甲氧基苯基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯
按照类似于实施例27的方法,在步骤D中使用适当芳基溴或芳基碘制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ7.39(d,2H),7.24(m,2H),7.05(d,2H),6.96(m,2H),6.05(d,1H),4.85(m,1H),3.71(s,3H),3.67(s,3H),3.54(s,3H),3.16-2.99(m,2H),2.07-1.57(m,14H).
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ177.15,176.36,172.25,156.37,137.25,134.36,130.67,130.01,129.56,128.89,128.58,120.74,111.12,55.26,52.50,52.14,51.49,40.83,40.62,39.77,37.90,37.86,37.64,37.16,35.06,27.64.
实施例29
合成N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(2’-氟苯基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯
按照类似于实施例27的方法,在步骤D中使用适当芳基溴或芳基碘制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ7.49-7.08(m,8H),6.11(d,1H),4.92(m,1H),3.75(s,3H),3.63(s,3H),3.26-3.09(m,2H),2.15-1.65(m,14H).
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ177.27,176.45,172.27,161.44,135.40,134.61,130.66,129.46,129.11,128.96,128.46,124.35,116.24,115.94,52.58,52.28,51.60,40.94,40.73,39.87,38.01,37.98,37.73,37.32,35.15,27.72.
实施例30
合成N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(1’,3’-二甲基-2’,4′-二氧代嘧啶-5-基)苯基丙氨酸
按照类似于实施例27的方法,在步骤D中使用适当芳基溴或芳基碘制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ7.45(d,2H),7.11(d,2H),6.12(d,1H),4.88(d,1H),3.74(s,3H),3.65(s,3H),3.48(s,3H),3.41(s,3H),3.42(m,1H),3.22(m,2H),2.16-1.66(m,14H).
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ52.58,52.23,51.58,40.91,40.70,39.90,37.96,37.73,37.25,36.91,35.13,28.06,27.72.
实施例31
合成N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(2’,4’-二甲氧基嘧啶-5-基)苯基丙氨酸
按照类似于实施例27的方法,在步骤D中使用适当芳基溴或芳基碘制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ8.24(s,1H),7.44(d,2H),7.15(d,2H),6.13(d,1H),4.91(m,1H),4.03(s,3H),4.01(s,3H),3.77(s,3H),3.64(s,3H),3.27(m,2H),2.15-1.66(m,14H).
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ176.96,176.16,171.99,167.91,164.31,157.36,135.29,131.90,129.30,128.69,115.56,54.69,53.93,52.53,52.25,51.58,40.91,40.71,39.86,38.00,37.71,37.27,35.13,27.73.
实施例32
合成N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(2’-吡啶基)苯基丙氨酸
按照类似于实施例27的方法,在步骤D中使用适当芳基溴或芳基碘制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ8.61(d,1H),7.88(d,2H),7.67(m,1H),7.17(d+m,3H),6.14(d,1H),4.86(m,1H),3.67(s,3H),3.56(s,3H),3.20(m,2H),2.08-1.58(m,14H).
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ176.93,176.20,171.84,156.72,144.43,137.99,136.68,136.62,129.55,126.80,121.47,120.23,52.62,52.19,51.52,40.86,40.67,39.84,37.95,37.91,37.67,37.20,35.09,27.69.
实施例33
合成N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(1’-氧代-2’-吡啶基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯
将N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(2’-吡啶基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯(292mg,0.613mmol)溶于无水二氯甲烷中,用3分钟加入MCPBA(2.0eq,395mg)。将该反应混合物在氮气氛下于室温搅拌过夜。将有机层用碳酸氢钠饱和溶液、和盐水洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥。过滤后,将溶剂减压蒸发,通过柱色谱法纯化粗产物,用MeOH/CH2CI2 5∶95洗脱,获得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3)∶δ8.28(m,1H),7.75(d,2H),7.41(m,1H),7.30(m,1H),7.21(m,1H),7.17(d,2H),6.19(d,1H),4.87(m,1H),3.70(s,3H),3.59(s,3H),3.21(m,2H),2.10-1.61(m,14H)。
13C NMR(CDCl3)∶δ176.97,176.29,171.83,148.63,140.33,137.62,131.44,129.25,129.07,127.18,125.72,124.39,52.56,52.27,51.55,40.88,40.69,39.83,37.97,37.92,37.69,37.30,35.11,27.70.
实施例34
合成N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(1’-氧代-2’-吡啶基)苯基丙氨酸
使用本文中描述的方法制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3)∶δ8.41(d,1H),7.50(d,2H),7.66(m,1H),7.54(m,2H),4.75(m,1H),3.62(s,3H),3.36-3.08(m,2H),2.15-1.68(m,14H).
实施例35
合成N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(1’-甲基-2’-氧代-3’-吡啶基)苯基丙氨酸
步骤A:制备N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-碘苯基丙氨酸甲酯
使用方法J,通过将3-(甲氧羰基)金刚烷-1-甲酸与(L)-4-碘苯基丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐偶合,制得了本标题化合物。
步骤B:制备3-溴-1-甲基-1H-吡啶-2-酮
使用Tee和Oswald在J.Am.Chem.Soc.,104,15,1982,4142中描述的方法,由1H-吡啶-2-酮分两步制得了本标题化合物。
步骤C:制备N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(1’-甲基-2’-氧代-3’-吡啶基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯
将N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-碘苯基丙氨酸甲酯(144mg,0.2mmol)、二(频哪醇)二硼(1.1eq,67mg)、乙酸钾(3.0eq,71mg)、和[1,1’-二(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)与二氯甲烷的络合物(1∶1)(0.03eq)置于烧瓶中,并氮气冲洗。加入DMF(10mL),将该反应混合物在80℃搅拌2小时。将该反应混合物冷却至室温后,加入3-溴-1甲基-1H-吡啶-2-酮(2.eq,90mg)、2M Na2CO3(5.0eq,600μL)、和[1,1’-二(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II )与二氯甲烷的络合物(0.01eq)。将该反应混合物在氮气氛下于80℃搅拌过夜。将该溶液冷却至室温,并用乙醚萃取产物。用盐水洗涤有机层,并用硫酸镁干燥。通过柱色谱纯化残余物(硅胶;EtOAc/己烷1∶7),获得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ7.68(d,2H),7.53(dd,1H),7.36(dd,1H),7.14(d,2H),6.30(t,1H),6.17(d,1H),4.92(dd,1H),3.76(s,3H),3.66(s,3H),3.63(s,3H),3.19(m,2H),2.18-1.68(m,14H).
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ177.13,176.36,172.03,161.85,137.54,135.57,135.27,130.84,129.01,128.64,105.89,52.77,52.31,51.67,41.02,40.82,39.94,38.21,38.11,38.04,37.83,37.31,35.25,27.85,27.74.
步骤D:制备N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(1’-甲基-2’-氧代-3’-吡啶基)苯基丙氨酸
使用方法E将N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(1’-甲基-2’-氧代-3’-吡啶基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯水解,获得了本标题化合物。
实施例36
合成N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(1’-甲基-2’-氧代哌啶-3’-基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯
通过使用Parr氢化装置将N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(1’-甲基-1’H-吡啶-2’-酮基-3’-基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯氢化,制得了本标题化合物。该反应在50psi压力下于50℃进行48小时。将该反应混合物经由硅藻土垫过滤,然后减压蒸发,获得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ7.13(d,2H),7.03(d,2H),6.08(d,1H),4.87(m,1H),3.72(s,3H),3.60(2s,4H),3.47-3.25(m,2H),3.12(m,2H),3.01(s,(3H),2.40-1.56(m,18H).
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ177.06,176.22,171.98,170.42,140.34,133.94,129.22,128.30,52.63,52.18,51.58,50.13,47.95,40.94,40.71,39.85,37.73,37.09,35.16,34.91,30.36,30.21,27.75,20.48.
实施例37
合成N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基甲基)苯基丙氨酸
步骤A:制备N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(丙-2-烯-1-基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯
使用Tilley在J.Org.Chem.1990,55,3,906中描述的方法,由N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-碘苯基丙氨酸甲酯制得了本标题化合物。
步骤B:制备N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(羧基甲基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯
使用Tilley在J.Org.Chem.1990,55,3,906中描述的方法,由N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(丙-2-烯-1-基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯制得了本标题化合物。
步骤C:制备N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基甲基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯
使用方法J,通过将N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(羧基甲基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯与二甲基胺盐酸盐偶合制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ7.20(d,2H),7.05(d,2H),6.12(d,1H),4.86(d,1H),3.73(s,3H),3.70(s,2H),3.66(s,3H),3.18(m,2H),2.99(s,3H),2.97(s,3H),2.10-1.60(m,14H).
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ177.19,176.35,172.17,170.99,134.28,133.83,129.53,128.85,52.58,52.15,51.56,40.82,40.61,40.35,39.77,37.92,35.40,35.06,27.63.
步骤D:制备N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基甲基)苯基丙氨酸
使用方法E将N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(N,N二甲基氨基羰基甲基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯水解,获得了本标题化合物。
实施例38
合成N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-[1,1-二氟-1-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基)甲基]苯基丙氨酸
步骤A:制备2-(4-甲基苯基)-2-乙醛酸叔丁酯
使用Nimitz在J.Org.Chem.,46,1,1981,211中描述的方法制备本标题化合物。
步骤B:制备2,2-二氟-2-(4-甲基苯基)乙酸叔丁酯
使用Tilley在J.Med.Chem,34,3,1991,1125中描述的方法制得本标题化合物。
步骤C:制备2,2-二氟氟-2-(4-溴甲基苯基)乙酸叔丁酯
使用Tilley在J.Med.Chem,34,3,1991,1125中描述的方法制得本标题化合物。
步骤D:制备(3R,5R,6S)-4-(苄氧基羰基)-5,6-二苯基-3-[4-(1-叔丁氧基羰基-1,1-二氟甲基)苯基甲基]-2,3,5,6-四氢-4H-恶嗪-2-酮
使用Williams在J.Am.Chem.Soc.,113,24,1991,9276中描述的方法制得了本标题化合物。
步骤E:制备(3R,5R,6S)-4-(苄氧基羰基)-5,6-二苯基-3-[4-(1-N,N-二甲氨基羰基-1,1-二氟甲基)苯基甲基]-2,3,5,6-四氢-4H-恶嗪-2-酮
用Cbz保护,然后通过方法J制得了本标题化合物。
步骤F:制备(L)-4-[1,1-二氟-1-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基)甲基]苯基丙氨酸
使用Williams在J.Am.Chem.Soc.,113,24,1991,9276中描述的方法制得了本标题化合物。
步骤G:制备N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-[1,1-二氟-1-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基)甲基]苯基丙氨酸甲酯
使用方法A和方法J,由步骤F产物制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ7.50(d,2H),7.20(d,2H),6.11(d,1H),4.90(m,1H),3.75(s,3H),3.67(s,3H),3.28(m,2H),3.04(s,3H),2.96(s,3H),2.17-1.67(m,14H).
13C NMR(CDCl 3):δ177.27,176.54,172.06,163.52,139.16,132.50,129.79,125.50,115.60,52.54,52.43,51.72,40.95,40.77,39.92,38.06,37.74,37.49,37.26,37.19,37.13,36.95,35.14,27.72.
步骤H:制备N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-[1,1-二氟-1-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基)甲基]苯基丙氨酸
使用方法E,由适当原料制得了本标题化合物。
实施例39
合成2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-(4-叔丁氧基羰基哌嗪-1-基)丙酸甲酯
步骤A:制备2-苄基羰基氧基氨基-3-(4-叔丁氧基羰基哌嗪-1-基)丙酸甲酯
向N-苄氧羰基氧基去氢丙氨酸甲酯(2.0g,8.4mmol)中加入4-叔丁氧基羰基哌嗪(1.56g,1.0eq)、在6∶1乙腈/甲醇混合物中的氯化铁(0.220g,0.2eq)。将该反应混合物在室温搅拌2天。将该反应混合物减压蒸发。加入乙酸乙酯,用硫酸钠溶液洗涤有机层。将溶剂减压除去后,通过柱色谱纯化粗产物(硅胶;CH2Cl2∶MeOH4∶1),获得了本标题化合物。
步骤B:制备2-氨基-3-(4-叔丁氧基羰基哌嗪-1-基)丙酸甲酯
将步骤A标题化合物溶于含有催化量10%Pd/C的甲醇中。将该反应混合物在甲醇中在25psi的氢气压力下于室温氢化2小时。将该粗反应混合物经由硅藻土垫过滤后,把溶剂减压蒸发,获得了本标题化合物。
步骤C:制备2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-(4-叔丁氧基羰基哌嗪-1-基)丙酸甲酯
使用方法I,将3-(甲氧羰基)金刚烷-1-甲酸与步骤B标题化合物偶合,获得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ6.47(d,1H),4.44(m,1H),3.63(s,3H),3.54(s,3H),3.30(m,4H),2.62(d,2H),2.37(m,4H),2.10-1.58(m,14H),1.33(s,9H).
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ177.09,176.70,172.08,154.55,79.48,57.88,52.65,52.08,51.45,50.03,43.00,40.78,40.51,39.80,37.88,37.62,35.03,28.05,27.58.
实施例40
合成2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-(哌啶-1-基)丙酸甲酯
依据实施例13的方法,并使用步骤A中的哌啶,制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ6.78(d,1H),4.37(m,1H),3.64(s,3H),3.57(s,3H),2.63(m,2H),2.40-1.30(m,2H).
14C NMR(CDCl3):δ177.21,176.91,172.31,58.06,54.15,52.02,51.45,50.00,40.83,40.49,39.82,37.85,37.68,35.10,27.66,25.78,23.70.
实施例41
合成2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-(哌嗪-1-基)丙酸甲酯
将实施例39的标题化合物置于纯净的TFA中,将该反应混合物在室温搅拌1小时。将溶剂减压蒸发后,分离到了本标题化合物,为泡沫状物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ4.90(m,1H),3.78(s,3H),3.69(s,3H),3.65-3.45(m,10H),2.20-1.77(m,14H).
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ178.97,177.33,169.77,159.34,158.81,117.22,113.43,56.82,53.18,51.79,50.75,48.94,41.25,40.85,40.69,39.31,37.45,37.34,37.31,34.75,27.85,26.15.
实施例42
合成2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-[4-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基甲基)哌嗪-1-基]丙酸
步骤A:制备2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-[4-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基甲基)哌嗪-1-基]丙酸甲酯
将2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-(哌嗪-1-基)丙酸甲酯(114mg,0.28mol)溶于无水二氯甲烷中(10mL),加入Et3N(3.0eq)和N,N-二甲基2-氯乙酰胺(3.0eq)。将该反应混合物在50℃回流4小时。然后将溶剂减压蒸发,通过柱色谱纯化粗产物(硅胶;CHCl3/MeOH 9∶1),获得了本标题化合物。
步骤B:制备2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-[4-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基甲基)哌嗪-1-基]丙酸
用方法D将步骤A的酯水解,制得了本标题化合物。
实施例43
合成(2S)-2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-[4-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基氧基)环己-1-基]丙酸
步骤A:制备(2S)-2-氨基-3-(4-羟基环己-1-基)丙酸叔丁酯
使用10%Rh/Al2O3,在50psi氢气压力下,将L-酪氨酸叔丁酯(0.6g)在甲醇中于室温氢化2天。将该反应混合物经由硅藻土垫过滤,将溶剂减压蒸发,获得了本标题化合物,为泡沫状物。
步骤B:制备(2S)-2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-(4-羟基环己-1-基)丙酸叔丁酯
使用方法I,将(2S)-2-氨基-3-(4-羟基环己-1-基)丙酸叔丁酯与3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-甲酸偶合,制得了本标题化合物。
步骤C:制备(2S)-2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-[4-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基氧基)环己-1-基)丙酸叔丁酯
将步骤B化合物(1.6g)溶于无水吡啶(10mL)和N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氯(1.2eq,0.5mL)中,将该反应混合物在90℃加热几小时。冷却后,将溶剂减压蒸发,加入乙酸乙酯。然后用盐水洗涤有机层,用硫酸镁干燥,过滤并减压蒸发。通过柱色谱纯化粗产物(硅胶;EtOAc/己烷3∶7),获得了本标题化合物。
步骤D:制备(2S)-2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-[4-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基氧基)环己-1-基)丙酸
在室温将步骤C产物溶于甲酸中,将该反应混合物搅拌过夜。将溶剂减压蒸发后,分离到了本标题化合物,为固体。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ7.73(br,1H),6.19(m,1H),4.93(bs,0.5H),4.64(m,1H),4.56(m,0.5H),3.71(s,3H),2.95(s,3H),2.92(s,3H),2.30-1.00(m,25H).
实施例44
合成2S-2-(1-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-[4-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基次甲基)环己-1-基]丙酸
步骤A:制备2S-2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-(4-氧代环己-1-基)丙酸叔丁酯
在室温,将实施例21步骤B的(2S)-2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-(4-羟基环己-1-基)丙酸叔丁酯溶于无水二氯甲烷中,并加入PDC(1.0eq)。将该反应混合物在搅拌5小时。将溶剂减压蒸发后,通过柱色谱纯化粗产物(硅胶;EtOAc/己烷,1∶4),获得了本标题化合物。
步骤B:制备2S-2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-[4-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基次甲基)环己-1-基]丙酸叔丁酯
在室温,将氢化钠(60%油悬浮液)(1.0eq,0.013g)溶于0.7mL无水THF中。滴加二甲基氨基甲酰基甲基磷酸二乙酯(1.0eq,0.123g),该溶液变澄清。搅拌10分钟后,将步骤A化合物(0.1g,0.22mmol)加到该反应混合物中。将该溶液再搅拌15分钟。然后向反应混合物中加入2滴1M H3PO4以中止反应。将该反应混合物浓缩,粗产物在制备板上纯化(硅胶;EtOAc),获得了本标题化合物。
步骤C:制备2S-2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-[4-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基次甲基)环己-1-基]丙酸叔丁酯
使用实施例21步骤D中描述的方法,将步骤B的叔丁酯裂解,制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ8.15(s,1H),6.38(d,1H),5.75(s,1H),4.67(m,1H),3.71(s,3H),3.08(s,3H),3.06(s,3H),2.75(m,1H),2.40-1.00(m,24H).
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ177.33,177.27,175.19,169.96,163.41,152.13,151.80,114.80,51.80,50.01,49.92,41.12,40.91,39.92,39.73,38.14,37.86,35.73,35.26,35.06,34.26,33.68,33.42,32.75,29.80,29.64,27.88.
实施例45
合成N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-Nε-(叔丁氧基羰基)赖氨酸甲酯
使用方法I,通过将适当原料偶合,制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ6.31(d,1H),4.97(br,1H),4.59(m,1H),3.74(s,3H),3.67(s,3H),3.09(bq,2H),2.25-1.10(m,29H).
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ176.94,176.60,172.95,155.88,78.59,52.13,51.52,51.43,40.89,40.66,39.99,39.79,37.98,37.71,35.12,31.86,29.19,28.20,27.72,22.35.
实施例46
合成N-(1-甲氧羰基金刚烷-3-基羰基)-(L)-Nε-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基)赖氨酸甲酯
步骤A:制备N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-赖氨酸甲酯三氟乙酸盐
使用实施例41中描述的方法,将实施例施例45步骤A的化合物水解,获得了本标题中间体。
步骤B:制备N-(1-甲氧羰基金刚烷-3-基羰基)-(L)-Nε-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基)赖氨酸甲酯
将步骤A化合物(1mmol)溶于10mL无水苯中,加入Et3N(1.1eq,0.7mL)和N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氯(1.1eq,112μl)。将该反应混合物回流4小时。加入乙酸乙酯,将有机层用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液、和盐水洗涤。用硫酸镁将有机层干燥。过滤并减压蒸发,通过柱色谱纯化粗产物(硅胶;EtOAc),获得了本标题化合物。
实施例47
合成N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-Nε-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基)赖氨酸
使用方法E将实施例46的化合物水解,制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ10.80(br,1H),6.64(d,1H),5.30(br,1H),4.56(q,1H),3.63(s,3H),3.15(m,2H),2.88(s,6H),2.20-1.15(m,20H).
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ177.03,176.86,173.82,158.84,51.52,40.85,40.64,40.23,37.90,37.65,36.08,35.06,31.67,29.50,27.67,21.99.
实施例48
合成N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-Nδ-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基)鸟氨酸
使用实施例15、46和47中描述的方法,由适当原料制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ10.40(br,1H),6.57(d,1H),5.26(bs,1H),4.53(q,1H),3.60(s,3H),3.22(m,2H),2.86(s,6H),2.18-1.40(m,18H).
实施例49
合成2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)戊-4-炔酸
步骤A:制备2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)戊-4-炔酸叔丁酯
使用方法I,通过将适当原料偶合制得了本标题化合物。
步骤B:制备2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)戊-4-炔酸
按照实施例43步骤D中描述的方法,使用甲酸将步骤A所得化合物水解,制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ8.09(s,1H),6.72(a,1H),4.75(m,1H),3.68(s,3H),2.84(m,2H),2.21(bs,2H),2.09(m,1H),2.02(s,2H),1.87(bs,8H),1.70(bs,2H).
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ177.85,177.56,173.458,164.38,78.14,71.86,51.97,50.36,41.07,40.98,39.63,37.87,37.85,37.74,35.12,27.76,21.89.
实施例50
合成2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-5-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基)戊-4-炔酸
步骤A:制备2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-5-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基)戊-4-炔酸叔丁酯
将实施例49步骤A产物(0.389g,1mmol)溶于含有二氯化二(二苯基膦)钯(II)(0.02eq)、CuI(0.02eq)、Et3N(0.4eq,3mL)、和N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氯(1.0eq,92μL)的无水DMF(5mL)中。将该反应混合物在室温搅拌过夜,然后在70℃搅拌1小时。将该混合物经由硅藻土垫过滤,把溶剂减压除去。通过柱色谱纯化粗产物(硅胶;EtOAc/己烷,2∶3),获得了本标题化合物。
步骤B:制备2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-5-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基)戊-4-炔酸
按照实施例43步骤D中描述的方法将步骤A所得化合物水解,制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ8.14(s,1H),7.29(d,1H),4.82(m,1H),3.71(s,3H),3.26(s,3H),3.10(d,2H),3.05(s,3H),2.30-1.70(m,14H).
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ177.83,177.35,171.73,164.03,155.10,90.36,74.88,51.81,50.28,41.07,40.98,39.81,38.66,37.94,37.81,35.22,34.53,27.84,22.17.
实施例51
合成2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-6-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基)己-4-炔酸
步骤A:制备N,N-二甲基乙酰乙酰胺
使用Bartlett在J.Org.Chem,47,7,1982,1284中描述的方法制备本标题中间体。
步骤B:制备2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-6-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基)己-4-炔酸叔丁酯
在氮气氛下,将2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)戊-4-炔酸(0.44g)溶于0.8mL无水苯中。向该溶液中加入催化量的CuSO4,将该反应混合物回流。滴加过量N,N-二甲基乙酰乙酰胺。观察到氮气释放出来。30分钟后加入完全。然后将该反应再加热30分钟。将该反应混合物冷却后,把溶剂减压蒸发,通过制备板纯化粗产物(硅胶;EtOAc/己烷,2∶3),获得了本标题化合物,为油状物。
步骤C:制备2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-6-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基)己-4-炔酸
按照实施例43步骤D中描述的方法将步骤A所得化合物水解,制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ6.94(bd,1H),4.73(bs,1H),3.72(s,3H),3.47(bs,2H),3.13(s,3H),3.03(s,3H),2.87(m,2H),2.24(bs,2H),2.13(bs,2H),1.93(bs,8H),1.75(bs,2H).
实施例52
合成2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-[3-(2’-甲氧基苯基)异噁唑-5-基]丙酸
步骤A:制备2-甲氧基苯甲醛肟
按照Goldschmidt在Chem.Ber,23,1890,2740中描述的方法制备本标题中间体。
步骤B:制备2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-[3-(2’-甲氧基苯基)异噁唑-5-基]丙酸叔丁酯
在0℃,向5.25%NaOCl(1.33g,0.77mmol)在CHCl3内的含水溶液中滴加2-甲氧基苯甲醛肟(0.77mmol,0.116g)溶液,并加入2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)戊-4-炔酸叔丁酯(300mg,0.77mmol)和1滴三乙胺。然后将该反应混合物温热至室温并搅拌过夜。将溶剂减压蒸发,通过制备板纯化粗产物(硅胶;EtOAc/己烷,2∶3),获得了本标题化合物。
步骤C:制备2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-[3-(2’-甲氧基苯基)异噁唑-5-基]丙酸
按照实施例43步骤D中描述的方法将步骤A所得化合物水解,制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ8.11(s,1H),7.81(t,1H),7.43(t,1H),7.02(m,2H),6.73(d,1H),6.64(s,1H),4.95(bd,1H),3.89(s,3H),3.64(s,3H),3.62(m,1H),3.44(m,1H),2.30-1.50(m,14H).
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ177.89,177.45,173.37,167.42,164.45,160.04,157.19,131.50,129.38,120.93,117.23,111.49,104.96,55.46,51.88,50.88,41.04,40.90,39.63,37.90,37.83,37.73,35.11,28.53,27.77.
实施例53
合成2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-[3-(2’-硝基苯基)异噁唑-5-基]丙酸
按照实施例51的方法,使用适当原料制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ9.83(br,1H),7.91(d,1H),7.67(m,3H),6.69(,1H),6.25(s,1H),4.95(m,1H),3.65(s,3H),3.59(dd,1H),3.42(dd,1H),2.30-1.50(m,14H).
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ177.89,177.50,172.95,168.77,159.88,148.51,133.03,131.53,130.68,124.46,123.98,103.59,51.88,50.71,41.05,40.95,39.57,37.74,35.10,28.60,27.78.
实施例54
合成2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-[3-(2’-氰基苯基)异噁唑-5-基]丙酸
按照实施例51的方法,使用适当原料制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ8.85(br,1H),7.96(d,1H),7.81(d,1H),7.72(dt,1H),6.80(s,1H),6.61(d,1H),5.01(q,1H),3.67(s,3H),3.63(dd,1H),3.49(dd,1H),2.30-1.60(m,14H).
实施例55
合成2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-6-(叔丁氧基羰基氨基)己基-4-炔酸甲酯
步骤A:制备2-氨基-6-(叔丁氧基羰基氨基)己基-4-炔酸甲酯
使用Nispen在J.R.Neth.Chem.Soc,102,5,1983,276中描述的方法,由适当原料制得了本标题中间体。
步骤B:制备2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-6-(叔丁氧基羰基氨基)己基-4-炔酸甲酯
使用方法I,通过将适当原料偶合制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ6.44(d,1H),4.86(br,1H),4.69(m,(1H),3.87(bs,2H),3.78(s,3H),3.67(s,3H),2.74(m,2H),2.20(s,2H),2.02(s,2H),1.93(s,8H),1.70(s,2H),1.64(s,9H).
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ177.19,176.61,171.13,155.25,79.73,77.26,52.69,51.78,50.35,41.06,40.90,40.00,38.07,38.01,37.89,37.84,35.26,30.54,28.28,27.87,22.51.
实施例56
合成2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-6-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基氨基)己基-4-炔酸甲酯
使用实施例46中描述的方法制备本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ6.43(d,1H),4.78(bt,1H),4.64(m,1H),3.89(m,2H),3.70(s,3H),3.59(s,3H),2.85(s,6H),2.20(m,2H),2.20-1.60(m,14H).
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ177.38,176.85,171.36,157.93,80.73,77.09,52.59,51.65,50.38,40.95,40.78,39.90,37.93,37.88,37.76,37.73,36.00,35.13,30.77,27.74,22.54.
实施例57
合成2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-6-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基氨基)己基-4-炔酸
使用方法E将实施例56的化合物水解,制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ10.0-9.00(br,2H),6.72(d,1H),4.68(m,1H),3.97(m,2H),3.67(s,3H),2.94(s,6H),2.79(m,2H),2.20-1.60(m,14H).
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ177.33,177.17,172.43,158.42,79.81,57.83,51.76,50.66,41.02,40.86,39.94,37.93,37.87,37.77,36.24,35.18,31.05,27.81,22.51.
实施例58
合成N-(3-N,N-二甲基羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸异丙酯
使用方法I,由适当原料制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ7.07(dd,4H),6.11(d,1H),5.02(m,1H),4.73(m,1H),3.09(s,5H),3.02(s,6H),2.98(s,3H),2.15-1.64(m,14H),1.21(d,6H).
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ176.56,175.82,171.16,150.63,132.81,130.17,121.64,69.34,52.73,41.86,41.10,39.62,38.44,38.09,37.77,37.71,36.88,35.30,28.19,21.58.
实施例59
合成N-(3-N,N-二甲基羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸
本标题化合物是通过将实施例58的化合物在异丙醇/水(1∶1)中于室温水解过夜而制得的。加入乙酸乙酯,用1N盐酸将水层酸化至pH2.0。然后再加入乙酸乙酯,用硫酸镁将有机层干燥。过滤并将溶剂减压蒸发后,获得了本标题化合物,为泡沫状物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ7.34(d,1H),7.20(d,2H),6.99(d,2H),4.60(m,1H),3.30-3.00(m,2H),3.10(s,3H),3.06(s,3H),2.97(s,3H),2.67(s,3H),2.10-168(m,15H).
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ145.79,120.11,125.44,116.72,49.04,37.34,36.43,35.97,35.17,34.06,33.09,32.78,31.31,30.76,30.62,30.41,29.26,23.84,23.44.
实施例60
合成N-(3-乙酰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸异丙酯
步骤A:制备3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-甲酰氯
将3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-甲酸(1.0eq)悬浮在含有催化量DMF的二氯甲烷溶液中。然后将该混合物冷却至0℃,加入草酰氯(3.0eq)。15分钟后,将该反应混合物升至室温,并在室温搅拌30分钟,然后加热回流1小时。在回流期间,反应物变均匀。然后将该反应混合物冷却,并减压浓缩。把残余物置于乙醚中并过滤。将滤液减压浓缩,获得了本标题中间体,戊烷黄色液体。
步骤B:制备3-乙酰基金刚烷-1-甲酸甲酯
在氮气氛下,将冷的(0℃)碘化铜(I)(3.0eq)的乙醚悬浮液用甲基锂(6.0eq,1.4M乙醚溶液)处理。将所得溶液冷却至-78℃,10分钟后,用5分钟滴加冷的(-30℃)3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-甲酰氯的乙醚溶液。将该反应混合物在-78℃搅拌45分钟,然后用MeOH(11.0eq)处理并升至室温。加入乙醚和饱和氯化铵水溶液,将该混合物搅拌10分钟,然后将有机相依次用饱和NH4Cl、饱和NaHCO3、盐水洗涤,然后干燥(MgSO4),过滤并浓缩至挥发性油状物,无需进一步纯化直接使用。
步骤C:制备3-乙酰基金刚烷-1-甲酸
使用方法B由步骤B的化合物制得了本标题中间体。
步骤D:制备N-(3-乙酰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸异丙酯
使用方法I,由适当原料制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ7.08(dd,4H),6.10(d,1H),5.07(m,1H),4.76(m,1H),3.02(m,5H),2.98(s,3H),2.17,(m,2H),2.09(s,3H),1.84-1.65(m,12H),1.23(d,6H).
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ213.00,176.48,171.22,150.64,132.80,130.20,121.68,69.41,52.70,46.59,40.73,39.36,38.02,37.11,36.90,36.52,36.28,35.23,37.75,24.30,21.60,21.56.
实施例61
合成N-(3-乙酰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸
使用方法E,由实施例60的化合物制备本标题化合物。
实施例62
合成N-[3-(1-羟基乙-1-基)金刚烷-1-基羰基]-(L)-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸异丙酯
将实施例60化合物(1.0eq)溶于MeOH中,并用NaBH4(2.0eq)处理。将该反应混合物在室温搅拌1小时,然后浓缩。把残余物置于0.1N HCl中,并用乙酸乙酯萃取产物。用盐水洗涤合并的有机萃取液,用硫酸镁干燥,过滤并浓缩,通过制备薄层色谱纯化粗产物(EtOAc/己烷),获得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ7.10(m,4H),6.06(m,1H),5.07(m,1H),4.78(m,1H),3.28(m,1H),3.05(m,5H),2.99(s,3H),2.12(m,2H),1.74-1.41(m,12H),1.25(d,6H),1.09(d,3H).
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ177,171.47,158,151,132.99,130.31,121.76,75.06,69.39,52.52,41.07,39.26,39.18,38.72,38.62,37.10,36.95,36.61,36.33,35.99,28.07,21.67,16.47.
实施例63
合成N-[3-(1-羟基乙-1-基)金刚烷-1-基羰基]-(L)-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸
使用方法E,由实施例41的化合物制得了本标题化合物。
实施例64
合成N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-[2-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基)乙烯-1-基]苯基丙氨酸甲酯
步骤A:制备N-叔丁氧基羰基-(L)-4-(三氟甲基磺酰基氧基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯
按照Tilley等人,在J.Org.Chem.1990,55,906-910中描述的方法,将N-叔丁氧基羰基-L-酪氨酸甲酯转化成本标题化合物。
步骤B:制备N-叔丁氧基羰基-(L)-4-[2-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基)乙烯-1-基]苯基丙氨酸甲酯
将步骤A化合物(1.0eq)、N,N二甲基丙烯酰胺(2.0eq)和三乙胺(6.0eq)在DMF中的溶液用氮气脱气,然后加入二氯化二(三苯基膦)钯(II)(0.04eq.)。在氮气流下将该反应混合物在90℃加热16小时。将该反应混合物冷却,并用乙酸乙酯和水稀释,依次用0.2N柠檬酸、水、饱和NaHCO3、盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并浓缩。通过硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物,用乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱,获得了本标题化合物。
步骤C:制备(L)-4-[2-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基)乙烯-1-基]苯基丙氨酸甲酯三氟乙酸盐
将步骤B化合物溶于二氯甲烷中,并用三氟乙酸处理大约5小时。然后将该反应混合物浓缩,获得了本标题化合物。
步骤D:制备N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-l-基羰基)-(L)-4-[2-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基)乙烯-1-基]苯基丙氨酸甲酯
使用方法I,通过将适当原料偶合制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ7.63(d,1H),7.45(d,2H),7.07(d,2H),6.87(1H),6.06(d,1H),4.89-4.86(m,1H),3.75(s,3H),3.66(s,3H),3.18-3.01(m,8H),2.16(m,2H),1.91-1.54(m,12H).
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ177.1,176.2,172.0,166.6,141.7,137.5,134.2,129.7,127.9,117.3,52.6,52.4,51.7,41.0,40.8,40.0,38.1,37.8,37.6,35.2,27.8.
实施例65
合成2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-[2-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基氨基)噻唑-4-基]丙酸甲酯
步骤A:制备3-(2-氨基噻唑-4-基)-2-(叔丁氧基羰基氨基)丙酸甲酯
使用Leanna在Tett.Lett,34,28,1993,4485中描述的方法制备本标题中间体。
步骤B:制备3-[2-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基氨基)噻唑-4-基]-2-(叔丁氧基羰基氨基)丙酸甲酯
使用实施例46步骤B中描述的方法,由步骤A化合物制得了本标题化合物。
步骤C:制备3-[2-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基氨基)噻唑-4-基]-2-氨基丙酸甲酯三氟乙酸盐
使用实施例46步骤C中描述的方法,由步骤B化合物制得了本标题化合物。
步骤D:制备2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-羰基氨基)-3-[2-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基氨基)噻唑-4-基]丙酸甲酯
使用方法J,通过将适当原料偶合制得了本标题化合物。
实施例66
合成2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-[2-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基氨基)噻唑-4-基]丙酸
使用方法D将实施例65的化合物水解,制得了本标题化合物。
实施例67
合成N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-2-吡啶基丙氨酸甲酯
使用方法I,通过将适当原料偶合制得了本标题化合物。
NMR数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ8.52(d,2H),7.02(d,2H)6.10(d,1H),4.89(q,1H),3.75(s,3H),3.66(s,3H),3.21(dd,1H),3.07(dd,1H),2.16(bs,2H),60-2.00(m,14H).
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ52.55,52.03,51.75,40.95,40.81,39.89,38.06,37.73,37.09,35.13,27.71.
实施例A
测定测试化合物与VLA-4结合的体外测定法
使用体外测定来评价测试化合物与α4β1整联蛋白的结合。在该测定中结合的化合物可用于通过常规测定法(例如竞争性测定)测定生物样本中的VCAM-1水平。该测定在IC50值方面的灵敏度低至约1nM。
α4β1整联蛋白的活性是通过可溶性VCAM-1与Jurkat细胞(例如美国典型培养物保藏中心Nos.TIB 152,TIB 153,和CRL 8163)-能表达高水平α4β1整联蛋白的一种人T-细胞系的相互作用来测定的。VCAM-1与细胞表面以α4β1整联蛋白依赖方式相互作用(Yednock,等人J.Biol.Chem.,1995,270:28740)。
重组可溶性VCAM-1是作为嵌合融合蛋白表达的,该融合蛋白在N-末端包含7个细胞外VCAM-1结构域,在C-末端包含人IgG1重链恒定区。按照上文中Yednock的方法制备和纯化VCAM-1融合蛋白。
Jurkat细胞是按照上文中Yednock的方法,在补充有10%胎牛血清、青霉素、链霉素和谷氨酰胺的RPMI 1640中生长的。
将Jurkat细胞与1.5mM MnCl2和5μg/mL 15/7抗体在冰上培养30分钟。Mn+2激活受体以增强配体结合,15/7是识别激活的/配体占据的α4β1整联蛋白构象的单克隆抗体,并使该分子固定到这种构象中,由此稳定了VCAM-1/α4β1整联蛋白相互作用。Yednock,等人,上文。在该测定中可以使用其它研究人员制备的类似于15/7抗体的抗体(Luque,等人,1996,J.Biol.Chem.271:11067)。
然后将细胞与使用标准5-点连续稀释法稀释的浓度介于66μM-0.01μM之间的不同浓度的测试化合物一起培养30分钟。然后向Jurkat细胞中加入15μL可溶性重组VCAM-1融合蛋白,并在冰上培养30分钟(Yednock等人,上文)。
然后将细胞洗涤2次,并以1∶200的比例重悬在PE-缀合的山羊F(ab’)2抗-鼠IgG Fc(Immunotech,Westbrook,ME)中,并在冰上于黑暗条件下培养30分钟。将细胞洗涤2次,并按照上文Yednock,等人的方法用标准荧光激活细胞分选仪(″FACS″)分析。
IC50低于约15μM的化合物具有对α4β1的结合亲和力。
当在该测定中测试时,每一在上述实施例中制备的化合物都具有或预计具有15μM或更低的IC50(或预计在体内有活性)。
实施例B
用于测定测试化合物与α4β1结合的体外饱和测定
以下描述的是体外测定法,其是测定在实验自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(″EAE″)模型(在下一实施例中描述)或其它体内模型中表现出活性所需的化合物血浆水平。
将对数生长期的Jurkat细胞洗涤,并悬浮在含有20μg/ml 15/7抗体(在上一实施例中描述的)的标准动物血浆中。
将Jurkat细胞稀释(2倍稀释)到含有使用标准12-点连续稀释法(标准曲线)稀释的浓度介于66μM-0.01μM之间的不同浓度已知测试化合物的标准血浆样本中,或者稀释到得自用测试化合物治疗的动物外周血液的血浆样本中。
然后将细胞在室温培养30分钟,用含有2%胎牛血清和1mM氯化钙以及1mM氯化镁的磷酸盐缓冲盐水(″PBS″)(测定培养基)洗涤以除去未结合的15/7抗体。
然后将细胞以1∶200的比例暴露于藻红蛋白-缀合的山羊F(ab’)2抗-鼠IgG Fc(Immunotech,Westbrook,ME),并在4℃于黑暗中培养30分钟,其中该藻红蛋白-缀合的山羊F(ab’)2抗-鼠IgG Fc已经事先通过与得自实验动物的5%血清共培养而吸附(对于任何非特异性交叉反应性)。
用测定培养基将细胞洗涤2次,并悬浮在测定培养基中。然后按照Yednock等人在J.Biol.Chem.,1995,270:28740中描述的方法,用标准荧光激活细胞分选仪(″FACS″)分析。
然后将数据按照荧光-对-剂量的方式作图,例如以标准剂量-反应方式作图。在该曲线顶部平台得出的剂量代表着在体内模型中获得效力所需的水平。
该测定还可用于确定将其它整联蛋白,例如α9β1整联蛋白-与α4β1最相关的整联蛋白(Palmer等人,1993,J.Cell Bio.,123:1289)的结合位点饱和所需的血浆水平。这样的结合是能在体内用于α9β1整联蛋白介导的炎性病症的预测指示,这样的炎性病症包括例如伴随慢性哮喘发生的气管高反应性和堵塞、动脉粥样硬化中的平滑肌细胞增殖、血管成形术后的血管堵塞、肾脏疾病所导致的纤维变性和肾小球瘢痕形成、动脉狭窄、类风湿性关节炎中的滑液膜肥大、以及伴随溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩氏病的进展发生的炎症和瘢痕形成。
因此,可使用用编码α9整联蛋白的cDNA(Yokosaki等人,1994,J.Biol.Chem.,269:26691)转染的人结肠癌细胞系-SW 480(ATTC#CCL228)代替Jurkat细胞来进行上述测定,以测定α9β1整联蛋白的结合。可使用表达其它α和β1亚单位的SW 480细胞作为对照。
因此,本发明另一方面涉及治疗哺乳动物患者中由α9β1介导的疾病的方法,所述方法包括给所述患者施用治疗有效量的本发明化合物。本发明化合物优选以上述药物组合物的形式给药。优选的日剂量将取决于患者的年龄、体重、以及可由临床医师容易地确定的患者的身体状况等因素。然而,在优选的实施方案中,本发明化合物以约20-500μg/kg/天的剂量给药。
实施例C
体内测定
使用标准多发性硬化模型—实验自身免疫性(或变应性)脑脊髓炎(″EAE″)来测定测试化合物减轻大鼠或豚鼠运动原损伤的作用。减轻运动原损伤是基于测试化合物阻断白细胞与内皮细胞之间的粘着,并且与测试化合物的抗炎活性有关。该模型已经由Keszthelyi等人,Neurology,1996,47:1053-1059描述过,并且用于测定疾病发作的迟延。
将成年Hartley豚鼠的脑和脊髓在等体积的磷酸盐缓冲盐水中均化。向该匀浆中加入等体积的弗氏完全佐剂(100mg结核分支杆菌(mycobacterium tuberculosis)加10ml弗氏不完全佐剂)。通过将该混合物经由具有蠕动泵的20ml注射器反复循环约20分钟将其乳化。
用异氟烷将雌性Lewis大鼠(2-3月龄,170-220g)或Hartley豚鼠(20日龄,180-200g)麻醉,并在每一侧腹处注射3次该乳液、每次0.1ml。大约9天后观察到运动原损伤发作。
在第8天、即症状临发作前开始用测试化合物进行治疗。皮下(″SC″)、口服(″PO″)或腹膜内(″IP″)施用测试化合物。剂量为10mg/kg-200mg/kg,bid,给药5天,剂量一般为10-100mg/kgSC,10-50mg/kg PO,和10-100mg/kg IP。
使用能延迟症状发作的抗α4β1整联蛋白的抗体GG5/3(Keszthelyi等人,Neurology,1996,47:1053-1059)作为阳性对照,并且在第8和11天以3mg/kg的剂量皮下注射该抗体。
每天测定一次体重和运动原损伤。用下述临床评分评价运动原损伤:
0 没有任何变化
1 尾部乏力或麻痹
2 后肢乏力
3 后肢麻痹
4 濒死或死亡
如果测试化合物能延迟症状发作,例如产生不大于2的临床评分,或者与对照相比减慢体重下降,则认为该化合物有活性。
实施例D
哮喘模型
α4β1整联蛋白介导的炎性病症包括例如伴随慢性哮喘发生的气管高反应性和堵塞。以下描述可用于测定本发明化合物在体内治疗哮喘的效果的哮喘模型。
按照Abraham等人,J.Clin.Invest,93:776-787(1994)和Abraham等人,Am J.Respir Crit Care Med,156:696-703(1997)描述的方法,二者均全文引入本发明以作参考。将本发明化合物配制成气雾剂,并施用给对Ascaris suum抗原超敏感的绵羊。如果化合物能降低早期抗原诱导的支气管反应和/或阻断晚期气管反应,例如具有抗抗原诱导的晚期反应和气管高反应性(″AHR″)的保护作用,则认为其在该模型中有活性。
使用对吸入的Ascaris suum抗原表现出早期和晚期支气管反应的变应性绵羊来研究测试化合物的气管作用。用2%利多卡因将鼻孔局部麻醉后,经由一个鼻孔将扩张性导管插到食管底部。然后在柔韧性纤维支气管镜的引导下,经由另一鼻孔将袖口式气管内插管插到气管中。
依据Abraham(1994)估计胸膜压。气雾剂(见下文中的制剂)是用一次性医用喷雾器形成的,该喷雾器能提供气雾剂,并具有如通过Andersen阶式碰撞取样器测定的3.2μm的质量中值空气动力学直径。该喷雾器与由电磁阀和压缩气源(20psi)构成的放射剂量仪系统相连。喷雾器的输出口直接与塑料T-片相连,塑料T-片的一个末端与活塞式呼吸罩的吸入汽门相连。在呼吸罩的吸入循环开始时,将电磁阀打开1秒钟。以500ml的VT和20次呼吸/分钟的速度释放气雾剂。使用0.5%碳酸氢钠溶液作为对照。
为了评价支气管反应,可依据Abraham(1994)绘制卡巴胆碱的累积浓度-反应曲线。抗原攻击24小时后,可在开始治疗之前和之后进行支气管的活组织检查。可依据Abraham(1994)进行支气管活组织检查。
还可依据Abraham(1994)进行肺泡巨噬细胞的体外粘着试验,并计算粘着细胞的百分比。
气雾剂
用下述方法制备测试化合物在0.5%碳酸氢钠/盐水(w/v)中的、浓度为30.0mg/mL的溶液:
A.制备0.5%碳酸钠/盐水贮备液:100.0mL
组分 | 克/100.0mL | 终浓度 |
碳酸氢钠 | 0.5g | 0.5% |
盐水 | 适量加至100.0mL | 适量加至100% |
步骤:
1.将0.5g碳酸氢钠加到100mL容量瓶中。
2.加入大约90.0mL盐水并超声直至溶解。
3.用适量盐水加至100.0mL并充分混合。
B.制备30.0mg/mL测试化合物:10.0mL
组分 | 克/100.0mL | 终浓度 |
测试化合物 | 0.300g | 30.0mg/mL |
0.5%碳酸氢钠/盐水贮备液 | 适量加至10.0mL | 适量加至100% |
步骤:
1.将0.300g测试化合物加到10.0mL容量瓶中。
2.加入大约9.7mL 0.5%碳酸氢钠/盐水贮备液。
3.超声处理直至测试化合物完全溶解。
4.用适量0.5%碳酸氢钠/盐水贮备液加至10.0mL,并充分混合。
使用常规口服制剂,本发明化合物在该模型中也有活性。
实施例E
同种移植物模型
与炎性细胞渗入有关的同种移植物排斥是同种移植物长期存活的主要阻碍。细胞表面粘着分子在体外促进同种异体抗原的识别,并且对于体内淋巴细胞交换是至关重要的。以下描述可用于研究本发明化合物在体内控制同种移植物排斥的作用的模型。
下述方法描述在Coito等人,Transplantation(1998)65
(6):699-706和Korom等人,Transplantation(1998)65
(6):854-859中,二者均全文引入本发明以作参考。
按照Coito和Korom描述的方法,在该模型中使用体重大约为200-250g的雄性成年大鼠。Lewis大鼠用作得自Lewis X BrownNorway大鼠的心脏同种移植物的接受者。用标准微血管技术将心脏移植到腹部大血管中。
用在合适药物载体中的测试化合物对移植物接受者给药,从移植的当天起治疗7天。剂量为0.3-30mg/kg/天。对照接受者仅接受药物载体。
给大鼠实施安乐死,并按照Coito和Korom所述的方法分析其心脏同种移植物。
使用常规制剂,本发明化合物在该模型中有活性。
Claims (6)
1.式II化合物或其可药用盐:
其中:
R1选自下列基团:
(a)-(CH2)x-Ar-R5,其中R5是-O-Z-NR6R6′,其中R6和R6′独立地选自氢和C1-10烷基并且Z为-C(O)-,
Ar是苯基,
x是1-4的整数;和
(b)Ar1-Ar2-(CH2)x-,其中Ar2为苯基或异噁唑基;Ar1为苯基、嘧啶基、吡啶基或哌啶基,并且Ar2或Ar1可任选地被1-4个独立地选自Rb的取代基取代,Rb选自Ra和C1-10烷基,其中Ra为C1-10烷氧基、氰基或卤素;
x是1-4的整数;
R2是氢;
R3是氢;
Y选自氢、Rd、-C(O)Rd、-CO2Rd和-C(O)NRdRe,其中Rd和Re彼此独立地选自H和C1-10烷基,其中所述烷基可任选被羟基取代;
X2选自羟基和C1-10烷氧基;和
v是0。
2.根据权利要求1的化合物或其可药用盐,其中
Y选自H、Rd、-C(O)Rd、-CO2Rd和-C(O)NRdRe,其中Re和Rd彼此独立地选自H和C1-6烷基,所述烷基可任选被羟基取代;
v为0;
R3为氢;
R2为氢;
X2为羟基或C1-6烷氧基;和
R1选自下列基团:
(a)-(CH2)x-Ar-R5,其中R5是-O-Z-NR6R6′,其中R6和R6′独立地选自C1-6烷基,并且Z是-C(O)-,Ar是苯基,x是1;和
(b)Ar1-Ar2-CH2-,其中Ar2为苯基,Ar1为苯基、嘧啶基或吡啶基,并且Ar1可任选的被1-4个独立地选自Rb的取代基取代,Rb选自Ra和C1-6烷基,其中Ra为C1-6烷氧基、氰基或卤素。
3.选自下组的化合物:
N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-L-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸;
N-(3-羧基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(2′-氰基苯基)苯基丙氨酸;
N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(2′-甲氧基苯基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯;
N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(2′-氟苯基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯;
N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(1′,3′-二甲基-2′,4′-二氧代嘧啶-5-基)苯基丙氨酸;
N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(2′,4′-二甲氧基嘧啶-5-基)苯基丙氨酸;
N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(2′-吡啶基)苯基丙氨酸;
N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(1′-氧代-2′-吡啶基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯;
N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(1′-氧代-2′-吡啶基)苯基丙氨酸;
N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(1′-甲基-2′-氧代-3′-吡啶基)苯基丙氨酸;
N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(1′-甲基-2′-氧代哌啶-3′-基)苯基丙氨酸甲酯;
N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基甲基)苯基丙氨酸;
N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-[1,1-二氟-1-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基)甲基]苯基丙氨酸;
2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-(4-叔丁氧基羰基哌嗪-1-基)丙酸甲酯;
2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-(哌啶-1-基)丙酸甲酯;
2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-(哌嗪-1-基)丙酸甲酯;
(2S)-2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-[4-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基氧基)环己-1-基]丙酸;
2S-2-(1-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-[4-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基次甲基)环己-1-基]丙酸;
N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-Nε-(叔丁氧基羰基)赖氨酸甲酯;
N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-Nε-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基)赖氨酸;
N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-Nδ-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基)鸟氨酸;
2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)戊-4-炔酸;
2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-5-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基)戊-4-炔酸;
2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-6-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基)己-4-炔酸;
2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-[3-(2′-甲氧基苯基)异噁唑-5-基]丙酸;
2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-[3-(2′-硝基苯基)异噁唑-5-基]丙酸;
2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-3-[3-(2′-氰基苯基)异噁唑-5-基]丙酸;
2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-6-(叔丁氧基羰基氨基)己基-4-炔酸甲酯;
2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-6-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基氨基)己基-4-炔酸甲酯;
2-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基氨基)-6-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基氨基)己基-4-炔酸;
N-(3-N,N-二甲基羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸异丙酯;
N-(3-N,N-二甲基羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸;
N-(3-乙酰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸异丙酯;
N-[3-(1-羟基乙-1-基)金刚烷-1-基羰基]-(L)-4-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰氧基)苯基丙氨酸异丙酯;
N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-4-[2-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基)乙烯-1-基]苯基丙氨酸甲酯;和
N-(3-甲氧羰基金刚烷-1-基羰基)-(L)-2-吡啶基丙氨酸甲酯。
4.权利要求1、2或3的化合物或其可药用盐在制备用于结合生物样本中的VLA-4的药物中的用途。
5.药物组合物,其中包含可药用载体和治疗有效量的一种或多种权利要求1、2或3的化合物或其可药用盐。
6.权利要求5的药物组合物在制备用于治疗患者中VLA-4介导的炎性疾病的药物中的用途。
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-
2000
- 2000-01-21 CA CA002357781A patent/CA2357781A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-01-21 JP JP2000594772A patent/JP2002535304A/ja active Pending
- 2000-01-21 CN CNB008029423A patent/CN1231212C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-01-21 AU AU33488/00A patent/AU3348800A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-01-21 AR ARP000100267A patent/AR035838A1/es unknown
- 2000-01-21 WO PCT/US2000/001604 patent/WO2000043354A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-01-21 US US09/489,157 patent/US6465513B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-01-21 DE DE60021251T patent/DE60021251D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-01-21 EP EP00911619A patent/EP1144364B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-01-21 AT AT00911619T patent/ATE299490T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-09-16 US US10/243,731 patent/US7115768B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-20 HK HK02106864.8A patent/HK1045495A1/zh unknown
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2005
- 2005-11-22 US US11/285,889 patent/US20060074110A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US6465513B1 (en) | 2002-10-15 |
US7115768B2 (en) | 2006-10-03 |
DE60021251D1 (de) | 2005-08-18 |
HK1045495A1 (zh) | 2002-11-29 |
US20060074110A1 (en) | 2006-04-06 |
AR035838A1 (es) | 2004-07-21 |
WO2000043354A3 (en) | 2000-11-23 |
CA2357781A1 (en) | 2000-07-27 |
ATE299490T1 (de) | 2005-07-15 |
CN1344247A (zh) | 2002-04-10 |
EP1144364A2 (en) | 2001-10-17 |
AU3348800A (en) | 2000-08-07 |
EP1144364B1 (en) | 2005-07-13 |
US20030134874A1 (en) | 2003-07-17 |
JP2002535304A (ja) | 2002-10-22 |
WO2000043354A2 (en) | 2000-07-27 |
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