CN1226790C - Cmos图像传感器 - Google Patents

Cmos图像传感器 Download PDF

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CN1226790C
CN1226790C CNB021202958A CN02120295A CN1226790C CN 1226790 C CN1226790 C CN 1226790C CN B021202958 A CNB021202958 A CN B021202958A CN 02120295 A CN02120295 A CN 02120295A CN 1226790 C CN1226790 C CN 1226790C
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cmos image
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山口进
丹生和男
星野康
水上雅文
权五凤
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Konica Minolta Opto Inc
MagnaChip Semiconductor Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种CMOS图像传感器,包括:一作为光电转换部分的光接收单元;一信号处理电路单元;一第一滤色镜层阵列和一第一微透镜阵列层,它们设置在光接收部分的上表面上;以及一包含滤色镜层和微透镜阵列层中的至少一种的第二层,该层设置在信号处理电路部分上表面的至少一部分的区域上。

Description

CMOS图像传感器
                        技术领域
本发明涉及一种CMOS(补偿型金属氧化物半导体)图像传感器,更具体地,涉及一种CMOS图像传感器,它适合于一种能安装在蜂窝电话、个人计算机等内的图像拾取装置。
                        背景技术
近来,CPU性能的显著提高、图像处理技术的进展等已经允许容易地处理数字图像数据。具体地,在蜂窝电话或PDA(个人数字助理)领域,一些具有能显示图像的显示器的类型出现在市场上,且无线通讯中数据传输率的显著提高可在不久的将来实现。因此,可以预见,这种类型的移动电话和PDA之间的图像数据传输将经常进行。
当前,在物体像被数码静止照相机等转换成图像数据后,这种图像数据的传输通过因特网使用个人计算机等进行。然而,为了以这种方式传输图像数据,需要所有的装置,即数码静止照相机和个人计算机。最近,提出了作为一种移动数据终端的图像输入装置的微型相机模块,在该模块中,在一衬底上安装了一图像拾取装置和一光学透镜系统。这种微型相机模块既不需要有数码静止照相机,也不需要有个人计算机,并且使得能通过可方便携带的蜂窝电话拾取一图像以简单地将其发送给人。
此外,作为用于这种小型照相机模块的图像拾取装置,取代传统的CCD传感器,CMOS图像传感器引起了注意,其原因如下:
(1)与CCD传感器相比,CMOS图像传感器可以应用当前用于诸如光电二极管等的半导体器件的CMOS制造工艺以低的成本制造。
(2)CMOS图像传感器可以通过单一的电源操作,使得其耗电可以被限制得比CCD传感器的低。
(3)信号处理电路(例如CMOS逻辑电路)可以集成到传感器芯片上,于是与CCD传感器相比,CMOS图像传感器可以被小型化。
然而,在图像拾取装置和光学透镜系统被安装在一单一衬底上的情形下,图像拾取装置的光接收平面必需优选地设置在光学透镜系统的焦点位置上。因此,为了此目的的调整产生了大的问题。例如,当将图像拾取装置和光学透镜系统安装到同一衬底上时,难以将图像拾取装置的光接收平面优选地设置在光学透镜系统的焦点位置上,这是因为用于将光学透镜系统安装到衬底上的粘接剂的厚度的变化和组元尺寸的变化导致的。为了提高将图像拾取装置的光接收平面设置在光学透镜系统的焦点位置上的尺寸精度,需要高精度的安装技术或用于调整以获得焦点状态的独立机构。这种需求增加了生产成本。
即使取代CCD图像传感器而采用CMOS图像传感器,类似地会出现上述问题。这种问题成为以低成本生产小型照相机模块的巨大障碍。
                        发明内容
进行本发明以解决上述问题。本发明的一个目的是制备一种CMOS图像传感器,它适于获得照相机模块用图像拾取装置,并且可以以低成本生产。
根据本发明的一个方面,CMOS图像传感器包括作为光电转换装置的光接收单元、以及一信号处理电路;还包括:包含一滤色镜阵列和叠置其上的微透镜阵列的第一层,它们设置在光接收单元的上表面上;以及包含滤色镜和微透镜阵列中的至少一种的第二层,该层设置在信号处理电路的上表面的至少一部分的区域内。
此处,术语“光电转换装置”是指“包括在二维空间中设置的多个像素的部件,每个像素具有一光电转换元件”。每个像素产生一对应于每个像素接收到的光的强度的信号电荷。例如,通常的CMOS图像传感器的每个像素包括一进行光电转换的光电二极管、以及一进行电放大和切换的CMOS晶体管。
“信号处理电路”是指“一种电路,它包括用于驱动像素以获得信号电荷的驱动电路、用于转换信号电荷为数据信号的A/D转换器、以及用于利用数据信号形成图像输出信号的数据信号处理单元”。
“滤色镜”是指“一种仅允许特定颜色成分的光经过的滤光镜”。通常,设置在光接收单元上的滤色镜阵列包括红、绿和兰滤色镜(原色滤色镜)或青、紫和黄滤色镜(补偿色滤色镜),这些滤色镜排列来分别对应光接收单元的像素,以获得色彩信息。彩色图像可通过将来自像素的所有输出信号进行组合而获得。
“微透镜阵列”是指“多个微透镜,每个均具有半球形,在二维空间中排列在光电转换装置上,以增加进入作为像素的光电转换元件的光电二极管的光量”。
接着,透镜支撑部件紧挨CMOS图像传感器的情况下的功能和效果将阐述如下。
当支撑作为照相光学系统的光学透镜的透镜支撑部件(包括透镜框)被衬底固定时,虽然透镜支撑部件的接合部分(腿)被紧靠在CMOS图像传感器的上表面上,而不是位于衬底上,但是不需要考虑衬底与CMOS图像传感器之间的粘接剂厚度的变化,也不需要考虑从衬底到CMOS图像传感器的光接收平面的高度变化,使得光轴方向上的定位可以准确进行,且图像拾取装置的装配可容易地进行。具体地,1个芯片的CMOS图像传感器包括集成在同一半导体芯片内的光接收单元和信号处理电路,该图像传感器可以使信号处理电路具有足够大的面积,以将透镜支撑部件接合在光接收单元的外侧上。根据该CMOS图像传感器,可以具有一种结构,该结构使得与CCD图像传感器相比,能轻易地将透镜支撑部件接合到其上。然而,需要考虑CMOS图像传感器因将透镜支撑部件小心地接合到其上的毁坏几率。
在根据本发明第一方面的CMOS图像传感器中,因为包括滤色镜阵列和层叠在其上的微透镜阵列的第一层设置在光接收单元的上表面上;且包括滤色镜和微透镜阵列中的至少一种的第二层设置在信号处理电路的上表面的至少一部分的区域内,CMOS图像传感器使得能将透镜支撑部件通过第二层接合到其上。结果,不需要考虑衬底与CMOS图像传感器之间的粘接剂厚度的变化的不利效应等,且进一步,可以降低CMOS图像传感器因接合导致的毁坏或故障的可能性。此外,这种CMOS图像传感器使得能获得小型化的图像拾取装置。
优选地,信号处理电路包括数字信号处理电路,且第二层形成在数字信号处理电路的上表面的一区域内。
在滤色镜设置为第二层的情况下,滤色镜优选地包括兰、红和绿滤色镜中的一种。
第二层优选地包括一种结构,该结构使得能放置透镜支撑部件以将光学透镜支撑在其上。
光接收单元和信号处理电路优选地形成在同一半导体芯片上,光接收单元形成在半导体芯片的大致中心区内,且信号处理电路形成在其周边区域内。
设置有第二层的区域包括至少隔开的三个小区域,该小区域围绕光接收单元。
这种结构使得能稳定地将透镜支撑部件接合到CMOS图像传感器的上表面上。
第二层可以设置为覆盖数字信号处理电路的几乎整个上表面。
                        附图说明
图1是根据本发明实施例的CMOS图像传感器的平面视图;以及
图2是大致沿图1的线II-II截取的垂直剖视图,其中图1所示的CMOS图像传感器粘接在衬底上。
                        具体实施方式
以下,将参照附图说明本发明的实施例。
图1中,CMOS图像传感器2在上表面的大致中心区域内设置有用作光电转换装置的光接收单元2a,并在其周边区域内设置有信号处理电路2c。它们形成在诸如硅单晶芯片的同一半导体芯片上。光接收单元2a具有在二维空间中设置的大量像素(未示出)。每个像素包括作为光电转换元件的光电二极管、以及进行电放大和转换以产生对应所接收的光量的信号电荷的CMOS晶体管。信号处理电路2c包括用于驱动像素(光电转换元件)以获得信号电荷的驱动电路、用于将信号电荷转换成数字信号的A/D转换器、以及用于利用数字信号形成图像输出信号的信号处理单元等。在CMOS图像传感器2的上表面的周边,在信号处理电路2c的外端附近,布置有大量焊点2d,如图1所示。
CMOS图像传感器2被粘接固定在衬底PC的预定位置上,如图2所示,且通过焊点2d和引线W电连接至衬底PC上的预定电路上,该焊点是用于连接的接线端。
在光接收单元2a的上表面上,设置有形成彩色数字图像的滤色镜阵列2f,且在滤色镜阵列2f上层叠有微透镜阵列2g,如图2所示。滤色镜阵列2f和微透镜阵列2g构成第一层。滤色镜阵列2f包括例如红、绿和兰滤色镜(三种原色滤色镜),这些滤色镜通过光刻技术等布置成分别对应光接收单元2a的像素。彩色图像可以通过将来自像素的所有输出信号进行组合而获得。
微透镜阵列2g包括多个在二维空间中布置的半球形微透镜,并通过滤色镜阵列2f设置在光接收单元2a上以分别对应于像素,以提高作为像素的光电转换元件的二极管的进光量。这种微透镜阵列可以利用透明合成树脂材料、光刻技术和利用合成树脂的热流动性的技术制造。
当滤色镜2f和微透镜阵列2g形成在光接收单元2a的上表面上时,它们还通过相同的工艺同时形成在信号处理电路2c上。通常,虽然保留形成在光接收单元2a上的滤色镜阵列2f和微透镜阵列2g,但是在生产工艺中去除了其余的滤色镜阵列和微透镜阵列。相反,在本发明的实施例中,如后面将说明的那样,至少保留了所需区域B上的滤色镜阵列和微透镜阵列,即使是其余区域的。这种滤色镜阵列和微透镜阵列构成了第二层。
透镜支撑部件1的支撑光学透镜的接合部分1b接合在CMOS图像传感器2的上表面上。附图标记3标识光学透镜。接着,透镜支撑部件1的接合部分1b的接合点将得以探讨,如下所述。
为了降低透镜支撑部件1的接合部分1b和CMOS图像传感器2之间的表面压力,需要用于接合部分1b的较大接合面积。作为用于接合透镜支撑部件1的位置,CMOS图像传感器2的光接收单元2a的位置是不合适的,因为将光学图像转换成信号电荷的像素设置在该处,并且,在环绕光接收单元2a的信号处理电路2c的区域中的焊点2d的位置也不合适,因为引线键合在该处进行。
相反,在信号处理电路2c的在焊点2d和光接收单元2a之间的区域中,存在具有大面积的部位,该面积足以接合接合部分1b。具体地,信号处理电路2c中的数字信号处理电路2e具有更高的接合力抵抗力,即更高的抗压能力。因此,根据本实施例的CMOS图像传感器2具有一结构,该结构使得能将透镜支撑部件1的接合部分1b具体地接合到数字信号处理电路2e的上表面上。
将更具体地说明CMOS图像传感器2的上表面上的将被接合的适当位置。
在根据本实施例的CMOS图像传感器2中,当从上面看时,数字信号处理电路2e排列成大致C形,即图1中用交替的长短虚线所示的区域A。于是,透镜支撑部件1的接合部分1b可以接合在区域A中的任何位置上。为了保持放置在数字信号处理电路2e上的透镜支撑部件1的平衡,优选地是,提供三个、四个或更多个接合部分1b。在图示的本实施例中,提供了如四个腿的四个接合部分1b。
此外,希望数字信号处理电路2e上的第二层(即,将要接合的上表面上的滤色镜阵列和微透镜阵列)的制备对数字信号处理电路2e产生了应力松弛。为此目的,在根据本实施例的CMOS图像传感器2中,形成了由图1中的一条交替的长的和两条短的虚线所示的四个矩形小区域B,在该区域中,第二层包括一滤色镜阵列和一层叠其上的微透镜阵列。透镜支撑部件1的由图1中的虚线显示的四个接合部分1b接合在第二层上在四个矩形小区域B中。
滤色镜阵列和层叠其上的微透镜阵列(第二层)可以保留以覆盖数字信号处理电路2e的几乎整个上表面。
在信号处理电路上,第二层并非必须需要滤色镜阵列和层叠其上的微透镜阵列这两者。第二层可以被构成来只有滤色镜阵列和微透镜阵列中的一种。当滤色镜设置在信号处理电路的上表面上而成为第二层时,滤色镜可由兰、红和绿滤色镜中的至少一种构成。
第二层并非需要同第一层隔开。
在本发明中,虽然需要光接收单元2a的上表面上的滤色镜阵列和微透镜阵列(即第一层)以具有其内在的光学功能,但是不需要信号处理电路2c的上表面上的那些(即第二层)以具有其内在的光学功能。
在本实施例中,因为透镜支撑部件1可以被粘接以直接接合到CMOS图像传感器的信号处理电路2c的上表面上,而不是PC衬底上,所以可以精确地进行透镜支撑部件1相对于光接收单元2a的在光轴方向上的定位。
为了稳定地接合和固定透镜支撑部件1到CMOS图像传感器2的信号处理电路2c上,可以采用各种类型的结构。例如,接合到CMOS图像传感器2的信号处理电路2c上的透镜支撑部件1可以通过以下方式固定:利用弹性挤压附加部件等,通过诸如弹簧的弹性部件,将透镜支撑部件1从顶部压下,并啮合以将该弹性挤压附加部件弹性地固定到PC衬底上,其中,该弹性部件在CMOS图像传感器2的方向上向透镜支撑部件1施加一适当的偏置力。
虽然本发明已经根据本实施例得以说明,但是应当理解的是,本发明不限于本实施例,且在不脱离本发明的主旨的情况下,可以对其作出各种改变和修饰。
例如,在上述实施例中,CMOS图像传感器2和衬底PC的电连接利用引线W进行。然而,这还可以通过引线,经CMOS图像传感器2的内部进行,以从CMOS图像传感器2的后表面或侧表面输出信号。根据这种结构,可以为CMOS图像传感器2的信号处理电路2c保留宽的区域,并容易地进行电连接。根据本发明的图像拾取装置可以集成到数码照相机、蜂窝电话、个人计算机、PDA、声频视频设备、电视机、家庭用具等中。
2001年5月31日提交的日本专利申请第特愿2001-164020号的全部公开内容,包括说明书、权利要求书、附图和摘要,在此全部引用作为参考。

Claims (8)

1.一种CMOS图像传感器,包括作为光电转换装置的光接收单元、以及一信号处理电路;还包括:
一包含一滤色镜阵列和叠置其上的微透镜阵列的第一层,它们设置在光接收单元的上表面上;以及
一包含滤色镜和微透镜阵列中的至少一种的第二层,该层设置在信号处理电路的上表面的至少一部分的区域内。
2.如权利要求1所述的CMOS图像传感器,其中,信号处理电路包括一数字信号处理电路,且第二层形成在数字信号处理电路的上表面的一区域内。
3.如权利要求1所述的CMOS图像传感器,其中,第二层包括滤色镜,该滤色镜包括兰、红和绿滤色镜中的一种。
4.如权利要求1所述的CMOS图像传感器,其中,第二层包括一种结构,该结构使得能将用于支撑光学透镜的透镜支撑部件支撑在其上。
5.如权利要求1所述的CMOS图像传感器,其中,光接收单元形成在半导体芯片的中心区域内,且信号处理电路形成在同一半导体芯片上其周边区域内。
6.如权利要求5所述的CMOS图像传感器,其中,设置有第二层的区域包括至少隔开的三个小区域,该小区域围绕光接收单元。
7.如权利要求2所述的CMOS图像传感器,其中,第二层设置来覆盖数字信号处理电路的整个上表面。
8.如权利要求1所述的CMOS图像传感器,其中,该光接收单元包括在二维空间中设置的多个像素,每个像素包括一光电转换元件和一CMOS晶体管,以产生对应于所接收的光量的信号电荷,以及该信号处理电路用于处理自每个像素获得的信号电荷以形成图像信号。
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