CN1211948A - 复层毛毡、用它制成的构件以及复层毛毡的制法 - Google Patents
复层毛毡、用它制成的构件以及复层毛毡的制法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1211948A CN1211948A CN97192396A CN97192396A CN1211948A CN 1211948 A CN1211948 A CN 1211948A CN 97192396 A CN97192396 A CN 97192396A CN 97192396 A CN97192396 A CN 97192396A CN 1211948 A CN1211948 A CN 1211948A
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- felt
- fiber
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Abstract
提供一类压力损失小、尘埃粒子掸落容易、耐摩擦性、机械强度优良的集尘用过滤布,滑动性优良的滑动构件,防水性优良的防水性构件,非粘合性优良的非粘合性构件,透气性、耐热性、耐油性优良的静电照相装置的脱模剂供给用构件等各种构件,以及用于这些构件的复层毛毡及其制法。该复层毛毡是在毛毡的至少一侧表面上铺放聚四氟乙烯的短纤维网,然后用喷水针和/或针刺法,使形成毛毡的纤维与聚四氟乙烯短纤维交织而结合成复层。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在毛毡的至少一个表面上形成一层交织的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)短纤维层的复层毛毡及其制法。更详细地说,本发明涉及一类用上述复层毛毡制成的构件。即,滑动构件、防止性构件、非粘合性构件、静电照相装置的脱膜剂供给用构件、集尘用过滤布。
背景技术
近几年来,几乎所有种类的纤维都可采用各种制法被加工成毛毡。
作为上述纤维,可以举出例如聚酯、间位芳族聚酰胺、对位芳族聚酰胺、聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚酰亚胺等的短纤维。毛毡是将这些短纤维网铺放到由各种纤维的单丝、复丝或其加工系经平织等而形成的基布一面上或是夹住两面,以针刺法加工而制成,可被用于例如集尘用过滤布、滑动构件、防水性构件、非粘合性构件、静电照相装置的脱模剂供给用构件等很多产业领域。
特别是将毛毡用于集尘用过滤布时,与同等集尘效率的织布相比,具有约2倍的表面空隙率,使单位过滤面积的透气度提高到2倍,具有压力损失小、送风动力小的优点。但是,只采用针刺法把上述短纤维加工成毛毡来制造的集尘用过滤布,在使用期间,应被除去的一部分粒子侵入到毛毡的内部,不久就引起堵塞,使压力损失增大。另外,在掸掉附着堆积在毛毡表面上的粒子时,存在着掸落不完全等问题。
为了解决这种问题,对于集尘用过滤布例如用于袋滤器的毛毡,曾提出如下几种改良方法。
(1)为了使毛毡集尘侧一面上存在的起毛纤维尽量少,采用例如一边用燃烧器烧掉绒毛,一边在接近该面附近软化点的温度下进行压光加工的方法。
(2)为了增大毛毡集尘侧那面的密度进行针刺的方法。
(3)特开平3-60712号公报中公开的、为了保持强度和形态、减少堵塞,使用在针刺毛毡表面叠层一层无纺布而得到的集尘用过滤布的方法。
(4)在毛毡集尘侧一面上涂布含PTFE颗粒的分散液并使其熔接的方法。
(5)在毛毡集尘侧一面用粘合剂叠层上PTFE的多孔性薄膜的方法。
但是,上述方法(1)虽然在一定程度上使掸掉集尘侧上堆积的尘埃粒子变得容易,但不是很满意的方法。上述步骤(2)和(3)使毛毡集尘侧一面附近的密度增大(表面致密化),可以防止尘埃粒子侵入到毛毡的内部,使掸落变得容易,但仍然不是很满意的方法。
上述方法(4)由于只在表面上使用高价格的PTFE,在价格上很有利,而且PTFE所具有的非粘合性使掸落尘埃粒子更容易,但另一方面,PTFE覆膜易剥离,耐摩擦性差。另外,为了形成PTFE覆膜,必须在高温下焙烧,要求形成毛毡的纤维具有耐热性,因此能够使用的纤维的种类受到限制。
上述方法(5)具有与上述方法(4)相同的优点,但由于使用粘合剂,存在着毛毡的空隙率减小,压力损失增大的问题。
上述方法(1)~(5),为了达到致密性而使毛毡复合,由此改善了尘埃粒子的侵入和该粒子的掸落难易程度等,但用显微镜观察毛毡集尘侧那面附近的截面,从其结果等来看,存在着上述的问题,不是满意的方法。
本发明的目的在于,提供压力损失小、易掸落尘埃粒子、耐磨擦性、机械强度优良的集尘用过滤布,滑动性优良的滑动构件、防水性优良的防水性构件、非粘合性优良的非粘合性构件、透气性、耐热性、耐油性优良的静电照相装置的脱膜剂供给用构件等各种构件以及用于这些构件的复层毛毡及其制法。
发明的公开
本发明涉及一种复层毛毡,其特征在于,在毛毡的至少一侧表面上形成PTFE短纤维网层,通过使形成该毛毡的纤维与PTFE短纤维交织而结合成复层。
另外,在本发明中,上述PTFE短纤维优选具有分枝和/或线圈。
另外,在本发明中,上述PTFE短纤维的纤维长度优选为3-25cm。
另外,本发明中,上述PTFE优选由PTFE的半焙烧体形成。
另外,本发明中,上述PTFE短纤维网单位面积重量优选为50-500g/m2。
另外,本发明涉及一种滑动构件,其特征在于,它是由上述任何一种复层毛毡制成。
另外,本发明涉及一种防水性构件,其特征在于,它是由上述任何一种复层毛毡制成。
另外,本发明涉及一种非粘合性构件,其特征在于,它是由上述任何一种复层毛毡制成。
另外,本发明涉及一种静电照相装置的脱膜剂供给用构件,其特征在于,它是由上述任何一种复层毛毡制成。
另外,本发明涉及一种集尘用过滤布,其特征在于,它是由上述任何一种复层毛毡制成。
本发明中,形成上述毛毡的纤维优选为选自聚酯纤维、间位芳族聚酰胺纤维、对位芳族聚酰胺纤维、聚苯硫醚纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、酚醛树脂纤维、氟树脂纤维、碳纤维和玻璃纤维中的至少一种纤维。
本发明还涉及复层毛毡的制法,其特征在于,在毛毡的至少一侧表面上铺放一层PTFE短纤维,然后采用喷水针和/或针刺法使形成毛毡的纤维与PTFE短纤维交织而结合成复层。
另外,本发明中,上述PTFE短纤维优选是使PTFE的单向拉伸薄膜擦过高速旋转的针刃辊,经裂膜获得的,且在上述裂膜后立即将该PTFE短纤维堆积到复层毛毡上成网。
另外,本发明优选预先对形成上述纤网的PTFE短纤维进行亲水化处理,在上述裂膜后立即将该短纤维堆积到复层毛毡上成网。
另外,本发明优选在对上述纤网亲水化处理之后进行层压。
另外,本发明中,优选用上述表面张力低于30达因/厘米的亲水性液体对纤网进行亲水化处理。
另外,本发明中,上述PTFE优选由PTFE的半焙烧体构成。
对附图的简单说明
图1的示意图用于说明用本发明复层毛毡制成的集尘用过滤布在集尘前((a))和集尘后((b))的截面。
图2的截面示意图用于说明擦过PTFE单向拉伸薄膜并使其裂膜的装置。
图3的示意图用于说明具有线圈结构和/或分枝的卷曲性PTFE短纤维。
图4的截面示意图用于说明撕裂PTFE单向拉伸薄膜时所用的上下一对针刃辊。
图5的平面示意图用于说明被图4所示针刃辊上的针扎了孔的PTFE薄膜。
图6的截面示意图用于说明图4所示针刃辊上的针与PTFE薄膜所形成的角度。
图7的截面示意图用于说明用来获得棉状物的梳棉机。
图8的截面((a))和平面((b))示意图用于说明图2所示的擦过和裂膜装置上的针刃辊。
图9的截面示意图用于说明评价集尘用过滤布性能的装置。
图10的曲线图表示出用实施例1和比较例2中获得的各种毛毡制成的集尘用过滤布的压力损失。
图11的示意图用于说明比较例2中获得的集尘用过滤布在集尘前((a))和集尘后((b))的截面。
图12的示意图用于说明擦过PTFE薄膜、使其裂膜、堆积到基材毛毡上之后用于交织的装置的截面。
实施发明的最佳方案
本发明的复层毛毡所具有的最大特征是,用PTFE短纤维,特别是用其中具有分枝和/或线圈的短纤维形成的纤网,对毛毡(以下称为“基材毛毡”)的至少一侧表面进行复层化,利用该短纤维的交织性,与形成基材毛毡的纤维、特别是与基材毛毡表面附近的纤维结合而进行复层化,这样,复层毛毡的耐摩擦性特别优良,能够被用于上述各种构件。
应予说明,本说明书中所说的复层化,例如可以是毛毡层与PTFE短纤维网层的界面不明显,将形成毛毡的纤维富含层与该短纤维富含层叠层到一起。而且,毛毡表面可以是不连续地复层化,可以举出PTFE短纤维通过例如针刺被塞入毛毡层,而相反从PTFE短纤维网层的表面拉出毛毡纤维,由此就使该纤维层不连续,表面内不连续部分的比例可根据各种用途来选择。
可用于本发明的基材毛毡是用通常的纤维以通常的方法例如针刺法获得的,可以使用市售品。
形成上述基材毛毡的纤维,可以举出例如羊毛等动物性纤维、木棉等植物性纤维、碳纤维、玻璃纤维等无机纤维,聚酯纤维、间位系芳族聚酰胺纤维、对位系芳族聚酰胺纤维、聚苯硫醚(PPS)纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、酚醛树脂纤维、焙烧PTFE纤维、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物纤维、四氟乙烯-全氟(烷基乙烯基醚)共聚物纤维、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物纤维等熔融纺丝纤维等氟树脂纤维、聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维等聚烯烃系纤维、丙烯酸系纤维、尼龙系纤维等有机合成纤维等,其中,集尘用过滤布的场合下,优选聚酯系纤维、间位系芳族聚酰胺纤维、对位系芳族聚酰胺纤维、聚苯硫醚纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、酚醛树脂纤维、氟树脂纤维、碳纤维、玻璃纤维或它们2种以上的混合物。
另外,基材毛毡的中央部位是经平织等获得的织布构成的基布,在提高强度方面是优选的,作为用于这种基布的纤维,优选上述举出的纤维。
本发明中所用的PTFE短纤维,可以举出例如由四氟乙烯(TFE)乳液聚合法获得的水性分散体经乳液纺丝工序、焙烧工序等获得的纤维,由PTFE薄膜经焙烧工序、撕裂工序、拉伸工序等获得的纤维,由PTFE薄膜经焙烧工序、拉伸工序、擦过工序获得的纤维,由PTFE薄膜经焙烧工序、拉伸工序、撕裂工序、切断工序等获得的纤维等。
特别地,为了具有分枝和/或线圈,从交织性、耐脱毛性优良方面看,优选由PTFE薄膜经过焙烧或半焙烧工序、拉伸工序、用高速旋转的针刃辊擦过、裂膜工序等获得的短纤维。
另外,其中经半焙烧工序获得的短纤维,由于获得拉伸倍率大(为经焙烧工序所获短纤维的3~6倍)且比重小的纤维,因此纤网的单位面积重量可以小,而且由于易显示出自粘合性,因此可以通过热压加工来抑制起毛,同时在平滑性优良方面也是优选的。
另外,本发明中,作为其他纤维,可以使用例如无机纤维、耐热性合成纤维、含氟树脂纤维、聚烯烃系纤维、聚酯系纤维、天然纤维或者将两种以上的纤维与上述PTFE短纤维合并使用。
作为上述其他纤维的混合比例,为10~90重量%,优选10~75重量%,更优选15~75重量%,如果该配合比低于10重量%,则交织性的改善未得到提高,只倾向于变成杂质,如果超过90重量%,则不能发挥PTFE的特性。
使用两种以上的上述其他纤维,是为了使复层毛毡的交织强度、表观密度、赋予导电性、透气性等特性产生各种各样的变化,制造符合最终用途的复层毛毡。
作为上述无机纤维,可以举出例如碳纤维、玻璃纤维、金属纤维、石棉、石绒等,在纤维长度方面优选碳纤维、玻璃纤维、金属纤维。
作为上述金属纤维,可以举出例如不锈钢纤维、铜纤维、钢纤维等,从耐腐蚀性方面看,优选不锈钢纤维。
作为上述耐热性合成纤维,优选例如聚苯硫醚(PPS)纤维、聚酰亚胺(PI)纤维、对位系芳族聚酰胺纤维、间位系芳族聚酰胺纤维、酚醛系纤维、聚丙烯酸酯纤维、碳化纤维、含氟树脂纤维。
作为上述含氟树脂纤维,优选例如四氟乙烯-全氟(烷基乙烯基醚)共聚物(PFA)纤维、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物(FEP)纤维、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物(ETFE)纤维、聚氟乙烯(PVF)纤维、聚偏氟乙烯(PVdF)纤维、聚三氟氯乙烯(PCTFE)纤维、乙烯-三氟氯乙烯共聚物(ECTFE)纤维等。
作为上述聚烯烃系纤维,可以举出例如聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维等,从纯度方面看,优选聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维。
作为上述聚酯系纤维,可以举出例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯纤维等,从工业生产等经济理由看,优选聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维。
此外,也可以使用例如尼龙纤维、聚氨酯纤维等。
作为上述天然纤维,可以举出例如羊毛、木棉、山羊绒、安哥拉羊毛、绢、麻、纸浆等,从交织性所需要的纤维长度方面看,优选羊毛、木棉。
PTFE短纤维网的单位面积重量,在能够维持PTFE原有的性能、获得以耐摩擦性为主的本发明各种用途中的效果以及成本优势方面,优选为50~500g/m2,在用下述梳棉机获得均匀的纤网方面,更优选50~250g/m2。
而且,PTFE短纤维网的单位面积重量小于50~100g/m2左右时,该短纤维的纤维长度低于25mm,在可以获得高品质、较均匀的纤网方面是优选的,较优选3~25mm,更优选3~20mm,特别优选3~15mm。
这种纤维长度短的PTFE短纤维,可以用如下方法来获得:例如使PTFE薄膜经焙烧工序、拉伸工序、撕裂工序、切断工序等的方法;使PTFE薄膜经焙烧或半焙烧工序、拉伸工序、用高速旋转的针刃辊擦过、裂膜工序等的方法等。
使用上述纤维长度短的PTFE短纤维,如果使用例如下述喷水针进行复层化,则存在着高压水易使纤维散乱的问题。本发明者们在喷水针复层化工序之前,预先对PTFE短纤维进行亲水化处理,由此解决了这一问题。
作为对PTFE短纤维进行亲水化处理的方法,可以举出例如特公平5-21009号公报和特公平5-21010号公报中记载了亲水化方法,该方法是使非金属离子型含氟表面活性剂交联,直到不溶于全氟烷基酸铵盐水溶液中,以便在用它处理PTFE的表面时,该非金属离子型含氟表面活性剂不致脱落;特开平4-249548号公报中所述的获得亲水性氟树脂材料的方法,该方法是使同时具有全氟烷基和亲水性基团的含氟化合物与PTFE的表面通过具有异氰酸酯基的化合物而具有桥接结构;特开平4-94724号公报中记载的对PTFE表面施行溅射蚀刻和电晕放电处理来进行亲水化的方法等,本发明中可以利用这些方法。
作为其他方法,可以举出使用表面张力低于30达因/cm的亲水性液体的方法,亲水性液体的表面张力低于30达因/cm,可使疏水性PTFE短纤维的润湿变得容易。作为上述亲水性液体,可以举出例如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇(IPA)等醇类、该醇类的水溶液等。
作为进行这些亲水化方法的步骤,如果是在用喷水针进行复层化工序之前,则可以处于任一个工序,优选例如在PTFE薄膜制造工序之后、在该薄膜单向拉伸工序之后、在该薄膜的擦过、裂膜工序或撕裂、切断工序之后、在下述基材毛毡的至少一个表面上的PTFE短纤维网铺放工序之后。特别是在上述利用亲水性液体的方法时,在上述纤网铺放工序之后浸渍到该亲水性液体中的步骤是优选的,因为在后续的喷水针复层化工序中,高压水流难以使PTFE短纤维散乱。另外,上述使用亲水性液体的方法,除浸渍以外,还可以举出涂布、喷涂等。
本发明的复层毛毡具有例如图1(a)中示出的截面结构。图1(a)中,1为在基材毛毡2的至少一侧表面上形成的PTFE短纤维网层(致密层),基材毛毡2由中央部分的基布3与基材毛毡的纤维部分4构成。图1(b)示意地示出了将图1(a)示出的本发明复层毛毡用于下述集尘用过滤布之后的截面,1~4与上述相同,5表示灰尘粒子。
下面说明用于获得上述的本发明复层毛毡的制法,如果没有特别说明,所用的各种材料可以使用上述那些材料。
(基材毛毡的制作)
(A)可用于本发明的基材毛毡是用通常的纤维以通常的方法例如针刺法获得的,可以使用市售品。
形成上述基材毛毡的纤维,可以举出例如羊毛等动物性纤维、木棉等植物性纤维、碳纤维、玻璃纤维等无机纤维、聚酯系纤维、间位系芳族聚酰胺纤维、对位系芳族聚酰胺纤维、聚苯硫醚(PPS)纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、酚醛树脂纤维、焙烧PTFE纤维、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物纤维、四氟乙烯-全氟(烷基乙烯基醚)共聚物纤维、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物纤维等熔融纺丝纤维等氟树脂纤维、聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维等聚烯烃系纤维、丙烯酸系纤维、尼龙系纤维等有机合成纤维等,其中,集尘用过滤布的场合下,优选聚酯系纤维、间位系芳族聚酰胺纤维、对位系芳族聚酰胺纤维、聚苯硫醚纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、酚醛树脂纤维、氟树脂纤维、碳纤维、玻璃纤维或它们中2种以上的混合物。
另外,基材毛毡的中央部位是经平织等获得的织布构成的基布,在提高强度方面是优选的,作为用于这种基布的纤维,优选上述举出的纤维。(用于复层化的纤网制作)
(B)将PTFE的半焙烧薄膜拉伸至6-30倍,然后用图2所示的用于擦过和裂膜的装置进行擦过和裂膜。
图2中,6为PTFE单向拉伸薄膜,7为夹送辊,8为针刃辊,9为针,10为机罩,11为传送带,12为裂膜而成的PTFE短纤维,13为PTFE短纤维棉状物。
经上述擦过、裂膜获得的PTFE短纤维,具有图3所示意地示出的形状。图3中,14为构成上述棉状物的PTFE短纤维,16为卷曲丝,15、17和18为分枝丝,19为线圈丝。
经过这种擦过、裂膜,可以获得这样一种纤网,它是由具有线圈结构和/或分枝的、有卷曲性的、纤维长度为5-150mm的短纤维棉状物构成,单位面积重量为50-500g/m2。(复层毛毡的制作)
(C)在上述(A)中所示的基材毛毡上面,铺放上述(B)中获得的纤网,利用喷水针装置,使形成该毛毡的纤维与形成该纤网的短纤维交织而结合,获得本发明的复层毛毡。作为喷水针的条件,可以举出通常棉纤维所用的条件。
另外,使用为使基材毛毡复层化的PTFE半焙烧短纤维成网时,使用上述图2所示的用于擦过和裂膜的装置,这在该纤维不堵塞装置或不附着在装置内方面是优选的,而且由于该纤维可以直接堆积在基材毛毡上,在简化工序方面是优选的。而且,此时,可以将上述短纤维一下子都堆积到代替上述基材毛毡的具有透气性的纺粘型无纺布或织物上,在转移到基材毛毡上之后,使用上述的喷水针装置进行交织,通过并用以金属针进行针刺来进一步促进交织,特别是与基材毛毡内部的形成该毛毡的纤维交织,因此,可以获得更牢固的复层毛毡。
而且,通过使由上述方法获得的复层毛毡的PTFE短纤维层的表面平滑化,可以制成磨擦系数更低、脱膜性更好的复层毛毡。
作为使表面平滑的手段,如果是可以降低磨擦系数,使脱膜性更好的方法就可以,可以使用例如可加热的压辊或以表面压力进行压挤的连续带式层压装置(例如旭纤维机械(株)制JR:9005)。而且,也可以使用用熨斗之类依次压制的方法和用家庭用熨斗、西服裤烫衣板等。表面平滑化的状态可以在100-360℃的温度下,通过改变压力和加压时间自由地改变。
由这种制法获得的复层毛毡,其表面的PTFE短纤维网层非常致密。由于该纤维具有线圈结构和/或分枝,因此与形成基材毛毡的纤维的交织性优良,特别是耐磨擦性优良,同时具有弹性、挠性,保持了PTFE原有的特性。
这种复层毛毡很适合用于例如集尘用过滤布、滑动构件、防水性构件、非粘合性构件、静电照像装置的脱膜剂供给用构件等。
作为上述集尘用过滤布,可以用于例如袋滤器等。上述袋滤器,例如将PTFE短纤维层置于外侧,将上述复层毛毡缝制成直径100~300mm、长0.5~5mm的袋状,在内部插入称为护圈(retainer)的形状保持框而获得,可以从PTFE短纤维层的外侧供给含灰尘等粒子的液体(液体或气体),过滤,从袋滤器的开口部向外侧放出清洁的流体。而且,可以将上述短纤维层置于袋滤器内侧,该场合下,使上述流体的流向相反。另外,为了增大过滤面积,也可以使用褶裥状复层毛毡。作为形成袋滤器基材毛毡的纤维,优选聚酯系纤维、间位芳族聚酰胺纤维、对位芳族聚酰胺纤维、聚苯硫醚纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、酚醛树脂纤维、氟树脂纤维、碳纤维、玻璃纤维或它们中的2种以上的混合纤维。
而且,由于PTFE短纤维与形成基体毛毡的纤维交织而牢固地结合,因此用作袋滤器的场合下,对由脉冲式喷气或逆洗气产生的膨胀、振动、摩耗等机械强度的耐受性优良,因此可以减轻袋滤器的损伤故障。
而且,作为耐热袋滤器用过滤布,可以广泛地使用由间位芳族聚酰胺纤维、PPS纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、PTFE纤维等形成的单层毡。另一方面,PTFE短纤维虽然性能优良但是价格高,可以采用将间位芳族聚酰胺纤维毛毡作为基材毛毡,只将PTFE短纤维用于表面来进行复合,形成PTFE短纤维的优良性能方面与廉价基材的经济方面二者兼具的耐热袋滤器用过滤布。
上述集尘用过滤布,由于集尘侧的表面层为PTFE短纤维层,因其优良的特性即表面能小而使灰尘等粒子的脱离良好,是例如不引起湿润灰尘固着而掸落性优良的集尘用过滤布。
而且,由于用PTFE短纤维形成表面致密层,灰尘等粒子不会侵入到基材毛毡的深处,可以在很长的时间内将压力损失的上升维持在低水平。
上述滑动构件,可以将上述复层毛毡的基材毛毡侧用粘合剂等粘贴到例如金属、陶瓷、玻璃、木材、塑料等形成的构件的平面部分、曲面部分、折面部分等上,将PTFE短纤维层表面作为滑动面,用作滑动构件。
该滑动构件的特征是,同时具有基材毛毡的弹性、挠性和作为表面层的PTFE短纤维层表面的低摩擦性,例如在汽车等具有曲面的窗玻璃的开启关闭中,在窗框处使用该构件,可以将窗框的间隙密封,同时用很小的力就可以开启关闭。而且,上述滑动构件也可以用于与旋转着的软盘接触的构件滑动面、人工滑雪场和滑梯等的滑行面等。
作为形成这些滑动构件基材毛毡的纤维,优选聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维等聚烯烃系纤维、尼龙和聚酯系纤维、间位芳族聚酰胺纤维。
上述防水性构件,可以举出只将上述复层毛毡切断的构件、将PTFE短纤维层表面作为防水层对切断构件缝制加工而成的构件、或者不管是否切断,用粘合剂将基材毛毡侧的表面叠层到织物、木材、混凝土壁等上形成的构件等。
这些防水性构件的特征在于,具有基材毛毡的弹性、挠性、透气性,与用防水剂等的涂布处理相比,还具有永久的防水性。只将复层毛毡切断的构件,可以用于桌布等,进一步缝制加工的构件可用于毡帽、手袋、雨具、衣料用材料等。而且,可以将复层毛毡的基材毛毡侧粘贴到建材上,用作墙壁材料和地毯。
作为形成这些防水性构件的基材毛毡的纤维,优选羊毛等动物性纤维、木棉等植物性纤维、尼龙系纤维、聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维等聚烯烃系纤维、聚酯系纤维、丙烯酸系纤维。
上述非粘合性构件,可以将上述复层毛毡裁成带状等,将复层毛毡的基材毛毡侧表面粘合到辊状表面上,另一侧表面为非粘合性PTFE短纤维层,形成非粘合性辊,用作例如含有糊状物等的布或纸等的弹性压辊。而且,可以用切断的复层毛毡加工成例如烫衣座架。烫衣座架必须使熨斗释放出的蒸汽透出,而且还要求适度的弹性,以及烫衣座架和衣物不会被浆液附着在一起。一旦将上述非粘合性构件用于这类用途。由于获得良好的蒸汽透过性、浆液的非附着性,并具有适度的弹性,可以轻松地熨烫。
作为形成这些非粘合性构件基材毛毡的纤维,优选尼龙系纤维、聚酯系纤维、间位芳族聚酰胺纤维、酚醛树脂系纤维。
上述静电照像装置的脱模剂供给用构件,将上述复层毛毡裁成带状,将其卷到浸渍有例如硅油等脱模剂的辊状基材表面上,使PTFE短纤维层处于表面,该脱膜剂可以缓慢地渗出到PTFE短纤维层表面,这样可以用作为能将该脱膜剂涂布到热辊或压辊的表面上的构件,可以防止调色剂失调(offset)。
作为形成这种静电照像装置的脱模剂供给用构件的基材毛毡纤维,优选聚酯系纤维、间位芳族聚酰胺纤维。
另外,本发明中,上述复层毛毡可以以平板状使用,例如可以用金属框架围住例如500mm×500mm大小的复层毛毡的四周密封,以使流体不会从外围渗漏进去,而且用网覆盖住复层毛毡的两面来增强,以使其能经受住流体的压力,为了进一步扩大过滤面积,也可以使用褶裥状的复层毛毡。
而且,以上述那种平板状使用时,本发明的复层毛毡,特别是流体为液体时,作为其具体实例,可以举出压滤机用过滤布。作为此时形成基材毛毡的纤维,优选聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维等聚烯烃系纤维、聚酯系纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、PTFE纤维、而且此时将PTFE纤维用作基材毛毡的场合下,优选对PTFE纤维进行亲水化处理。另外,特别是要求耐药品性的场合下,优选聚酰亚胺纤维、PTFE纤维、碳纤维。
任何一种场合下,过滤布都优选使用PTFE短纤维层的表面与上述含有灰尘等粒子的流体接触。
下面用实施例更具体地说明本发明,但本发明不受这些实施例的限定。
实施例1、比较例1~2
(PTFE短纤维基材毛毡与PTFE短纤维网的复层化)
(基材毛毡的制作)
(1)将PTFE细粉(polyflon F104,大金工业(株)制)与液体助剂(IP-2028,出光石油化学(株)制)混合,然后在室温下进行2天熟化,通过压缩预成型制成块状。接着,用该块状预成型品进行糊料挤出成型、压延成型,然后将助剂加热干燥,制成宽190mm、厚60μm的未焙烧薄膜。
(2)将未焙烧薄膜在加热至360℃的盐浴中进行60秒钟热处理,由此获得宽165mm、厚60μm的焙烧薄膜。
(3)将焙烧薄膜用加热至320℃的转速不同的2个辊在纵向上进行5倍拉伸,获得宽110mm、厚18μm的单向拉伸薄膜。
(4)接着,用图4所示的上下一对针刃辊对该单向拉伸薄膜进行撕裂。图4中,20为PTFE单向拉伸薄膜,21和22为针刃辊,23和24为针刃辊外围上设置的针。
使用图4所示的上下一对针刃辊21和22,对于薄膜20的送入速度(V1)8m/分,使针刃辊21和22的线速度(V2)为64m/分,V2/V1速度比为8倍,在该条件下对单向拉伸薄膜20进行撕裂。
针刃辊21、22的形状和上下针刃辊的针23、24的配置和啮合如下。使薄膜20与图4中上下一对针刃辊21、22等速地通过,获得图5所示的扎了孔的薄膜25。图5中,A为上针刃辊21的针孔,圆周方向的齿距P1为2.5mm。B为下针刃辊22的针孔,其圆周方向的齿距P2与P1相同,为2.5mm。在辊的纵向上的植针数a为每1cm中有13根针。而且,如图6所示,植针角度(θ)与被引入到上述针刃辊21或22中的薄膜20成锐角(60°)。上下针刃辊的啮合,从图5看出,上针刃辊21与下针刃辊22的针,在圆周方向上相互交替。应予说明,针刃辊的纵向长度为250mm,在针刃辊的针尖处的直径为50mm。
(5)将可以被撕裂的单向拉伸薄膜在纵向上切断成70mm,使用图7所示的梳棉机(型号SC360-DR,大和机工(株)制)获得棉状物。图7中,26为棉块传送机,27为转鼓,28为刺辊,29为滚筒,30为小滚筒,31为梳棉机跳板距离,32为外壳(cover)。将被撕裂的单向拉伸薄膜引入该梳棉机中,获得的棉状物的构成纤维为每5cm至少有一个线圈结构和/或分枝的、有卷曲性的、上述图3所示的纤维(短纤维)。
所获纤维的平均纤维直径,使用由纤维的激光投影测定的自动纤维直径测定仪(Peyer社制FDA-200),随机地测定2000根纤维,平均纤维直径为29μm。
(6)向获得的棉状物上喷洒约2重量%的防静电剂Elimina(丸善油化商事(株)制),然后引入上述图7所示的梳棉机,制成单位面积重量250g/m2的纤网。此时,滚筒转速为180rpm,小滚筒的转速为6rpm,转鼓的转速为5rpm。
(7)将所获纤网铺放到单位面积重量110g/m2的Conex CO1700(帝人(株)制)的织布(作为基布)上,再以与上述(6)同样的方法制成单位面积重量250g/m2的纤网,在该基布的另一侧面上铺放(6)中获得的纤网,用针刺机(大和机工(株)制)以针刺密度750根/cm2制成针刺无纺布(基材毛毡)。
另外,将该基材毛毡(单位面积重量610g/cm2)作为比较例1的单层毛毡,再将该基材毛毡的单位面积重量为710g/m2的毛毡作为比较例2的单层毛毡。由此,实施例1的复层毛毡是这样获得的:将单位面积重量100g/m2的PTFE短纤维网铺放到比较例1的毛毡上,用喷水针交织而成。
(用于复层化的纤网制作)
(8)接着,上述(2)的条件中,使温度为337℃,使热处理时间为42秒,制成宽170mm、厚60μm的半焙烧薄膜。
(9)上述(3)的条件中,使拉伸倍率为12.5倍,使拉伸时的温度为300℃,此外,在相同的条件下,对半焙烧薄膜进行单向拉伸,制成宽120mm、厚20μm的拉伸薄膜。
(10)使上述图2所示的擦过和裂膜装置的高速旋转的针刃辊8,擦过PTFE单向拉伸薄膜6使其裂膜,用与上述图3同样的具有线圈结构和/或分枝的短纤维棉状物制成单位面积重量100g/m2的纤网13。短纤维的平均纤维直径为21μm。
而且,图2所示的针刃辊8与上述(4)中所用的针刃辊不同,为下述构成。
图8(a)用于说明上述图2所示的针刃辊8。图8(a)中,8、9与上述含义相同。如图8(a)所示,针刃辊8在外径90mm、长250mm圆筒的圆周上分割成90份,在纵向上以每1cm 8根的密度植入尖针9,使针尖处的辊外径为100mm,制成金属辊。针刃辊8的转速为3000rpm,薄膜的送入速度为2m/分。而且,图8(b)示出图8(a)所示的针刃辊的平面图。
(复层毛毡的制作)
(11)将上述(10)中制成的纤网铺放到上述(7)中制成的基材毛毡上,用喷水针装置(Perfojet公司制)使形成纤网的短纤维与形成基材毛毡的纤网交织,由此制成由上述(7)中获得的膨松层和上述(10)中获得的致密层形成的双层结构复层无纺布(复层毛毡)。
这种双层结构可以通过用下述性能评价中的粒子侵入状态以及表1所示透气性的比较来判断。
(喷水针的条件)
喷水针的排出孔的配置,排出孔的孔径为100μm,在宽度方向上以0.6mm的间隔配置800个孔、在长度方向上配置3列孔,其压力分别为,第1列80kg/cm2,第2列120kg/cm2,第3列170kg/cm2。
对实施例1中获得的本发明复层毛毡和比较例1、2中获得的单层毛毡进行如下试验。
透气性:使用以JIS L1096为基准的Frazier型透气性试验仪进行测定。
压力损失:使用下述图9所示的装置,在过滤风速为3.3cm/秒的条件下进行测定。
厚度:使用压缩弹性试验机(中山电机产业(株)制),加载20g/cm2的负荷,随机测定10个点,采用其平均值。结果示于表1中。
表1
毛毡结构 | 基材毛毡 | PTFE短纤维网层 | 厚度(mm) | 透气性(cc/cm2/sec) | 压力损失(mmH2O) | |||
单位面积重量(g/m2) | 针刺密度(根/cm2) | 单位面积重量(g/m2) | 交织方法 | |||||
实施例1 | 复层毛毡 | 610 | 750 | 100 | 喷水针 | 1.62 | 12.5 | 2.1 |
比较例1 | 单层毛毡 | 610 | 750 | - | - | 1.78 | 34.3 | 0.8 |
比较例2 | 单层毛毡 | 710 | 750 | - | - | 1.91 | 26.2 | 1-4 |
从表1的结果看出,本发明的复层毛毡(实施例1)的压力损失增加处于允许的范围内。
(毛毡作为集尘用过滤布的性能评价)
(12)用图9所示的装置,对实施例1和比较例2中获得的各毛毡进行作为集尘用过滤布的性能评价。
图9中,33为用复层毛毡或单层毛毡制成的供试过滤层(测定面积为30cm×30cm),34为压力损失测定用喷嘴,35为压力计,36为灰尘进料器,37为压力表,38为上水槽,39为电磁阀,40为阀门,41为压缩机,42为脉冲喷射用喷嘴,43为HEPA过滤层,44为测流孔,45为鼓风机,46为灰尘(飞灰)粒子,47为袋状集尘室主体,48为不能收集的灰尘粒子。
按下述条件向过滤布供给灰尘。
灰尘:飞灰dp50为1.7μm
过滤风速:3.3cm/秒
飞灰浓度:20g/m3
过滤面积:30cm×30cm
接着,堆积灰尘46,使供试过滤层(过滤布)33的前后压差达到170mmH2O,喷射脉冲空气(压力3kg/cm2×0.1秒)以掸落堆积的灰尘粒子。在掸落的瞬间,过滤布的前后压差(压力损失)变小。该掸落之后的压差通常比第一次大。图10示出这种增大倾向。图10中,49为使用用实施例1中获得的复层毛毡制成的过滤布时的压力损失,50为使用用比较例2中获得的复层毛毡制成的过滤布时的压力损失。其结果,使用实施例1的过滤布时的压力损失,在脉冲喷射10次左右之后,几乎为一定值,与之相比,使用比较例2的过滤布时的压力损失,脉冲喷射后的压力损失连续为暂时增加,大约在20次左右达到与使用实施例1的过滤布时相同的压力损失。压力损失增大的原因,是由灰尘粒子侵入过滤布中引起的,如图11所示那样切断过滤布截面就能明白。
图11(a)的截面示意图用于说明比较例2中获得的集尘用过滤布在集尘前的状态。图11(a)中,51为基布,52为基材毛毡的纤维部分,53为基材毛毡。图11(b)的截面示意图用于说明该过滤布在集尘后的状态。图11(b)中,51、52和53的含义与上述相同,54为灰尘粒子,55为正在透过的灰尘粒子。
而且,如上述图1(b)所示,实施例1的过滤布在其表面的致密层中捕获灰尘粒子。
具有更致密的表面层的实施例1的过滤布,即使初期压力损失有些高,但在使用过程中,压力损失不会象比较例2那样增加很多。
另外,比较例2中,如图11(b)所示,试验中观察到,灰尘粒子透过过滤布而漏掉,或者与过滤布集尘侧相反的表面被灰尘污染而变色,而用实施例1的过滤布,在上述图1(b)所示的在集尘侧相反侧表面上观察不到灰尘污点。
实施例2
(由PTFE短纤维以外的纤维制成的基材毛毡与PTFE短纤维网的复层化)
(复层化加工)
(1)将袋滤器用过滤布的市售品:(a)(株)帝人制造的、用间位芳族聚酰胺纤维制成的过滤材料CO9000(商品名)(将灰尘集尘面的毛烧掉),(b)LENTING社制聚酰亚胺纤维P84(商品名)制成的过滤材料(将集尘面的毛烧掉)用作基材毛毡。
在该2种基材毛毡的集尘面相反侧表面上,采用实施例1的(8)、(9)、(10)、(11)的方法,用PTFE短纤维进行复层化,制成与上述(a)复层的(c)、与上述(b)复层的(d)。
另外,上述(c)与(d)的PTFE复层面,一边与加热至200℃的金属辊面相接触,一边从上部用硅橡胶辊夹挤(夹挤压力为5kg/cm,线速度为2m/分),制作使(c)的PTFE面平滑的(e)和使(d)的PTFE复层面平滑的(f)。与实施例1相同地测定上述(a)~(f)的单位面积重量、厚度和透气性,示于表2中。PTFE的复层量为100g/m2。
而且,对于上述(c)~(f)的PTFE短纤维层与基材毛毡层之间是否产生剥离,用积水化学(株)制TAPEVINYCROSS(商品名)进行剥离试验,不发生剥离。
但是,在胶带粘合面上观察到若干脱毛,脱毛量按重量计为每1次不足过滤材料的5%。
另外,在玻璃布上叠层拉伸多孔膜的市售过滤材料进行与上述相同的剥离试验,很容易产生层间剥离。
(集尘用过滤布的性能试验)
(2)在与上述(12)相同的条件下,同样地进行上述(a)~(f)作为集尘用过滤布的性能评价。
(a)、(b)的集尘侧表面是不烧毛的面,(c)、(d)、(e)、(f)的集尘侧表面为PTFE复层面。
重复20次集尘和掸落灰尘,其结果示于表2中。
表2
单位面积重量(g/m2) | 厚度(mm) | 透气性(cc/cm2/sec) | 压力损失1)(mmH2O) | 摩擦系数2) | |||
初期 | 20次脉冲之后 | ||||||
实施例2中的毛毡种类 | abcdef | 450500550600550600 | 2.02.42.22.62.02.4 | 26201712108 | 3.24.15.16.09.210.7 | 121410111315 | 0.260.290.200.200.180.18 |
实毛施毡例种3类中的 | ij | 550550 | 2.22.0 | 1710 | 5.29.3 | 1013 | 0.200.18 |
1)测定压力损失时的风速为3.3cm/秒。
2)摩擦系数测定仪使用FEM-4S(东洋测器株式会社)。即,测定以0.27cm/秒的速度牵拉重量(w)200g的金属钢球时的力f,由摩擦系数μ=f/w计算出来。
从表2的结果看出,脉冲喷射之后的压力损失上升率,(c)、(d)、(e)、(f)比(a)、(b)要小。
该上升率变化之差的原因,据观察,与上述(12)相同,(a)、(b)的灰尘从表层深入到基布中,而(c)、(d)、(e)、(f)的灰尘被PTFE短纤维层捕集,几乎不侵入到基材毛毡中。
(作为滑动构件的性能试验)
(3)采用示于表2栏外的方法测定实施例2(1)中的(a)、(b)不烧毛的面、复层化的(c)、(d)、(e)、(f)的PTFE短纤维层表面的摩擦系数。结果示于表2中。
从表2的(c)、(d)、(e)和(f)的结果看出,可以很大程度地降低上述(a)、(b)的摩擦系数。
另外,用上野山机工(株)制COMFIT(皆为商品名)(热辊的线速度为1m/分,温度为140℃),对上述(c)进行表面平滑化,获得复层毛毡(g)。其结果,可以将PTFE短纤维层表面的摩擦系数降低到0.15。
而且,复层毛毡(d)的PTFE短纤维层表面上,以手的力量按压加热至360℃的金属板,进行表面平滑化处理,获得复层毛毡(h)。可以将PTFE面的摩擦系数降低到0.13。
(脱模性试验)
(4)在实施例2(3)中获得的(g)、(h)的PTFE短纤维层表面上,用上述胶带重复进行剥离试验,短纤维不脱毛,而且粘合剂也没有转移到该表面上。
另一方面,用上述胶带对上述(a)、(b)进行剥离试验,发生纤维的脱毛和起绒。
(防水性试验)
(5)对于上述市售品(a)、(b)的两面和实施例2的(c)、(d)、(e)、(f)、(g)、(h)的PTFE短纤维网层表面,用IPA(异丙醇)与水的混合液观察表面防水性,不沾混合液时为○,浸渍有混合液时为×,由此进行评价。结果示于表3中。
表3
IPA/水混合液混合比例合(重量比) | ||||||
50/50 | 40/60 | 30/70 | 20/80 | 0/100 | ||
实施例2中的毛毡种类 | abcdgefh | ×××××××× | ×××××××× | ××○○○○○○ | ××○○○○○○ | ××○○○○○○ |
的实毛施毡例种3类中 | ij | ×× | ×× | ○○ | ○○ | ○○ |
从表3的结果看出,实施例2中获得的本发明复层毛毡(c)、(d)、(e)、(f)、(g)、(h)的表面,由亲水性毛毡表面被改变成强力疏水性表面。
实施例3
(将PTFE的单向拉伸薄膜用高速旋转的针刃辊擦过、使其裂膜,获得短纤维,同时直接使其堆积在基材毛毡上进行叠层,用喷水针使其交织的复层毛毡化)
(纤网的叠层)
(1)图12的示意图用于说明实施例3中所用的、使PTFE薄膜擦过、裂膜、堆积在基材毛毡上之后进行交织的装置的截面。图12中,6~9、12和13的含义与上述相同,57为鼓风机,58为空气气流,59为传送带,60为基材毛毡,61为喷水针装置,62为从喷水针装置中喷出的高压水流,63为复层毛毡。
首先,将实施例1(8)、(9)中获得的PTFE的单向拉伸薄膜,用图12所示装置的高速旋转的针刃辊8擦过PTFE单向拉伸薄膜6,使其裂膜,获得的短纤维12具有与上述图3所示短纤维相同的线圈结构和/或分枝。同时,将获得的短纤维12堆积到基材毛毡60上,该基材毛毡用图12所示传送带59传送,使其形成单位面积重量为100g/m2的纤网13。此时,纤网13被鼓风机57吸引。作为基材毛毡60,使用(株)帝人制造的、用间位系芳族聚酰胺纤维制成的市售袋滤器用过滤布CO9000(商品名)过滤材料。另外,PTFE短纤维12的平均纤维直径为21μm。
应予说明,图12所示的针刃辊8与实施例1(4)中所用的针刃辊不同,为下述构成。
即,如上述图8(a)所示,针刃辊8是将外径90mm、长250mm的圆筒圆周分割成90份,在纵向上以每1cm 8根的密度植入尖针9,使针尖处的辊外径为100mm,制成金属辊。针刃辊8的转速为3000rpm,薄膜的送入速度为2m/分。
(复层毛毡化)
(2)接着,将实施例3(1)中获得的、基材毛毡60上堆积PTFE短纤维12的毛毡,用图12所示的喷水针装置61(Perfojet公司制)针刺,使形成纤网13的PTFE短纤维与形成基材毛毡60的纤维交织,由此制成具有基材毛毡层和PTFE短纤维层的双层结构的复层毛毡63(以下称为“(i)”)。
(喷水针的条件)
喷水针的排出孔的配置,排出孔的孔径为100μm,在宽度方向上以0.6mm的间隔配置800个孔、在长度方向上配置3列孔,其压力分别为,第1列80kg/cm2,第2列120kg/cm2,第3列170kg/cm2。
另外,上述(i)的PTFE复层面,一边与加热至200℃的金属辊面相接触,一边从上部用硅橡胶辊夹挤(夹挤压力为5kg/cm,线速度为2m/分),制作使(i)的PTFE面平滑的复层毛毡(j)。
与实施例1、2相同地测定上述(i)、(j)的单位面积重量、厚度和透气性。结果示于表2中。
而且,对于上述(i)、(j)的PTFE短纤维层与基材毛毡层之间是否产生剥离,用积水化学(株)制胶TAPEVINYCROSS(商品名)进行剥离试验,不发生剥离。
但是,在胶带粘合面上观察到若干脱毛,脱毛量按重量计为每1次不足过滤材料的5%。
另外,对于在玻璃布上叠层上拉伸多孔膜的市售过滤材料进行与上述相同的剥离试验,很容易产生层间剥离。
(集尘用过滤布的性能试验)
(3)在相同条件下,与实施例1和实施例2相同地评价上述(i)、(j)作为集尘用过滤布的性能。集尘侧表面为PTFE复层面。重复进行集尘和脉冲掸落20次,结果示于表2中。从表2的结果看出,脉冲喷射之后的压力损失上升率,(i)、(j)比上述(a)、(b)要小。
产生该上升率变化差的原因,据观察,与实施例1、2相同,(a)、(b)的灰尘粒子从表层深入到基布中,而(i)、(j)的灰尘粒子被PTFE短纤维层捕捉,几乎不侵入到基材毛毡中。
(作为滑动构件的性能试验)
(4)测定(i)、(j)的PTFE复层面的摩擦系数。结果示于表2中。
从表2的结果看出,(i)、(j)与上述(c)、(e)相同,与(a)、(b)相比可以很大程度地降低摩擦系数。
(防水性试验)
(5)对于实施例3的(i)、(j)的PTFE复层面,用IPA(异丙醇)与水的混合液观察表面防水性,不沾混合液时为○,浸渍有混合液时为×,由此进行评价。结果示于表3中。
从表3看出,实施例3中获得的(i)、(j),亲水性的毛毡表面被改变成强力疏水性的表面。
实施例4
(1)实施例3(1)中,作为基材毛毡使用(株)帝人制造的、用间位芳族聚酰胺纤维制成的市售袋滤器用过滤布CO9000(商品名),使其上叠层的PTFE短纤维网的单位面积重量为50g/m2,此外,同样地进行纤网叠层。
(2)将纤网叠层到实施例4(1)中获得的基材毛毡上,用IPA润湿PTFE短纤维层(以下称为“预润湿”),然后用图12所示的喷水针装置61(Perfojet公司制)针刺,使形成纤网的短纤维与形成基材毛毡的纤维交织,由此制成具有基材毛毡层和PTFE短纤维层的双层结构的复层毛毡(k)。
(喷水针的条件)
喷水针的排出孔的配置,排出孔的孔径为100μm,在宽度方向上以0.6mm的间隔配置800个孔、在长度方向上配置3列孔,其压力分别为,第1列40kg/cm2,第2列80kg/cm2,第3列130kg/cm2。
通常上述的预润湿用水进行,但由于PTFE是疏水性的,用水润湿不了,因此使用用于降低表面张力的IPA。应予说明,也可以使用其他能够降低表面张力的物质。
获得的复层毛毡(k),可以不破坏实施例4的(1)中获得的、堆积在基材毛毡上的PTFE短纤维网的状态,即,直接利用纤网原有质地与基材毛毡交织。
比较例3
(1)将纤网叠层到实施例3(1)中获得的基材毛毡上,通常用水进行预润湿,然后用图12所示的喷水针装置(Perfojet公司制)针刺,使形成纤网的短纤维与形成基材毛毡的纤维交织,由此制成具有基材毛毡层和PTFE短纤维层的双层结构复层毛毡(m)。
(喷水针的条件)
与实施例3同样地进行。
获得的复层毛毡(m),显著地破坏比较例3(1)中获得的、堆积在基材毛毡上的PTFE短纤维网的质地。即,不能以纤网原有的状态与基材毛毡交织。PTFE短纤维网在喷水针的水压下被吹散了。
工业上的实用性
本发明的集尘用过滤布,压力损失小,尘埃粒子易被掸落,耐摩擦性、机械强度优良。
本发明的滑动构件,其滑动性优良。
本发明的防水性构件,其防水性优良。
本发明的非粘合性构件,其非粘合性优良。
本发明的静电照相装置的脱模剂供给用构件,其透气性、耐热性、耐油性优良。
另外,本发明可以提供能够用于这些构件的复层毛毡及其制法。
Claims (17)
1.一种复层毛毡,其特征在于,在毛毡的至少一侧表面上,形成聚四氟乙烯的短纤维网层,通过使形成该毛毡的纤维与聚四氟乙烯短纤维交织而结合成复层。
2.权利要求1中所述的复层毛毡,其特征在于,其中,聚四氟乙烯短纤维具有分枝和/或线圈。
3.权利要求1中所述的复层毛毡,其特征在于,其中,聚四氟乙烯短纤维的纤维长度为3~25mm。
4.权利要求1~3任一项中所述的复层毛毡,其特征在于,其中,聚四氟乙烯由聚四氟乙烯的半焙烧体构成。
5.权利要求1~4任一项中所述的复层毛毡,其特征在于,其中,聚四氟乙烯短纤维网的单位面积重量为50~500g/m2。
6.一种滑动构件,其特征在于,它是用权利要求1~5任一项中所述的复层毛毡制成。
7.一种防水性构件,其特征在于,它是用权利要求1~5任一项中所述的复层毛毡制成。
8.一种非粘合性构件,其特征在于,它是用权利要求1~5任一项中所述的复层毛毡制成。
9.一种静电照相装置的脱模剂供给用构件,其特征在于,它是用权利要求1~5任一项中所述的复层毛毡制成。
10.一种集尘用过滤布,其特征在于,它是用权利要求1~5任一项中所述的复层毛毡制成。
11.权利要求10中所述的集尘用过滤布,其特征在于,其中,形成毛毡的纤维是选自聚酯纤维、间位芳族聚酰胺纤维、对位芳族聚酰胺纤维、聚苯硫醚纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、酚醛树脂纤维、氟树脂纤维、碳纤维和玻璃纤维中的至少一种。
12.一种复层毛毡的制法,其特征在于,在毛毡的至少一侧表面上铺放聚四氟乙烯的短纤维网,然后用喷水针和/或针刺法,使形成毛毡的纤维与聚四氟乙烯短纤维交织而结合成复层。
13.权利要求12中所述的复层毛毡的制法,其特征在于,其中,聚四氟乙烯短纤维是用高速旋转的针刃辊擦过聚四氟乙烯的单向拉伸薄膜并使其裂膜而获得的,而且在上述裂膜之后直接将该聚四氟乙烯短纤维堆积到复层的毛毡上成网。
14.权利要求12或13中所述的复层毛毡的制法,其特征在于,其中,预先对成网的聚四氟乙烯短纤维进行亲水化处理,在上述裂膜之后直接将该短纤维堆积到复层的毛毡上成网。
15.权利要求12或13中所述的复层毛毡的制法,其特征在于,其中,在对纤网进行亲水化处理之后进行复层。
16.权利要求15中所述的复层毛毡的制法,其特征在于,其中,用表面张力低于30述因/cm的亲水性液体对纤网进行亲水化处理。
17.权利要求12~16任一项中所述的复层毛毡的制法,其特征在于,其中,聚四氟乙烯由聚四氟乙烯的半焙烧体构成。
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CN116173621B (zh) * | 2023-02-16 | 2023-09-29 | 江苏奥凯环境技术有限公司 | 一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料及其生产工艺 |
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US2840881A (en) * | 1955-05-13 | 1958-07-01 | Du Pont | Article of manufacture and process of making same |
US4309957A (en) * | 1977-01-03 | 1982-01-12 | Xerox Corporation | Wick for dispensing fuser oil |
US4324574A (en) * | 1980-12-19 | 1982-04-13 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Felt-like layered composite of PTFE and glass paper |
JPS5835468A (ja) * | 1981-08-28 | 1983-03-02 | Hitachi Ltd | 分割形変圧器 |
US4522876A (en) * | 1984-07-05 | 1985-06-11 | Lydall, Inc. | Integral textile composite fabric |
JPS6150296A (ja) * | 1984-08-20 | 1986-03-12 | Toshiba Corp | 半導体記憶装置 |
US4983434A (en) * | 1989-04-07 | 1991-01-08 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Filter laminates |
CA2193804A1 (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 1996-01-11 | Shinji Tamaru | Bulky long fiber and split yarn of polytetrafluoroethylene, method of manufacturing the same, cotton-like material manufacturing method using the fiber and yarn, and dust collecting filter cloth |
-
1996
- 1996-01-16 JP JP8005247A patent/JPH09193277A/ja active Pending
-
1997
- 1997-01-13 US US09/101,729 patent/US6156681A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-01-13 EP EP97900131A patent/EP0882569A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-01-13 CN CNB971923965A patent/CN1173822C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-01-13 KR KR10-1998-0705417A patent/KR100449944B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-01-13 WO PCT/JP1997/000055 patent/WO1997026135A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-01-20 TW TW086100569A patent/TW346409B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101784323B (zh) * | 2007-08-22 | 2016-04-13 | 纳幕尔杜邦公司 | 包括得自二氨基二苯砜的纤维和耐热纤维的共混物的过滤毡和袋式过滤器 |
CN102405088A (zh) * | 2009-04-24 | 2012-04-04 | 北越纪州制纸株式会社 | 低克重空气过滤器用滤材 |
CN102405088B (zh) * | 2009-04-24 | 2015-04-01 | 北越纪州制纸株式会社 | 低克重空气过滤器用滤材 |
CN104228260A (zh) * | 2013-06-06 | 2014-12-24 | 江南大学 | 毛毡面料生产环保服装的工艺技术 |
CN113756121A (zh) * | 2020-06-03 | 2021-12-07 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | 纤维结构体制造装置、纤维结构体制造方法、纤维结构体 |
CN114311949A (zh) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-04-12 | 浙江华基环保科技有限公司 | 一种钢铁厂抗氧化防静电针刺毡的生产方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0882569A4 (en) | 2002-04-24 |
US6156681A (en) | 2000-12-05 |
TW346409B (en) | 1998-12-01 |
KR19990077272A (ko) | 1999-10-25 |
WO1997026135A1 (fr) | 1997-07-24 |
CN1173822C (zh) | 2004-11-03 |
EP0882569A1 (en) | 1998-12-09 |
KR100449944B1 (ko) | 2004-11-16 |
JPH09193277A (ja) | 1997-07-29 |
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