CN1802104A - 焊接微缝 - Google Patents

焊接微缝 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1802104A
CN1802104A CNA2004800156476A CN200480015647A CN1802104A CN 1802104 A CN1802104 A CN 1802104A CN A2004800156476 A CNA2004800156476 A CN A2004800156476A CN 200480015647 A CN200480015647 A CN 200480015647A CN 1802104 A CN1802104 A CN 1802104A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
component
seam
thing
assembly
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CNA2004800156476A
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English (en)
Other versions
CN100508805C (zh
Inventor
M·赫特尼
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WL Gore and Associates GmbH
Original Assignee
WL Gore and Associates GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by WL Gore and Associates GmbH filed Critical WL Gore and Associates GmbH
Publication of CN1802104A publication Critical patent/CN1802104A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN100508805C publication Critical patent/CN100508805C/zh
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41WEARING APPAREL
    • A41DOUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D27/00Details of garments or of their making
    • A41D27/24Hems; Seams
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41WEARING APPAREL
    • A41DOUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D27/00Details of garments or of their making
    • A41D27/24Hems; Seams
    • A41D27/245Hems; Seams made by welding or gluing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/481Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
    • B29C65/4815Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/03After-treatments in the joint area
    • B29C66/032Mechanical after-treatments
    • B29C66/0324Reforming or reshaping the joint, e.g. folding over
    • B29C66/03241Flattening
    • B29C66/03242Flattening of sheets being positioned in abutment, e.g. after folding open of an overlap joint
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142Single butt to butt joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/133Fin-type joints, the parts to be joined being flexible
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/135Single hemmed joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being hemmed in the joint area
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/301Three-dimensional joints, i.e. the joined area being substantially non-flat
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431Joining the articles to themselves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/435Making large sheets by joining smaller ones or strips together
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/712General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7234General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer
    • B29C66/72343General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer for liquids
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/727General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being porous, e.g. foam
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/729Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/729Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics
    • B29C66/7294Non woven mats, e.g. felt
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7311Thermal properties
    • B29C66/73115Melting point
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7311Thermal properties
    • B29C66/73115Melting point
    • B29C66/73116Melting point of different melting point, i.e. the melting point of one of the parts to be joined being different from the melting point of the other part
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91921Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
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Abstract

本发明揭示了一种焊接缝(80),它位于两个叠压物(1a,1b)的两条边之间,每个叠压物包含防水功能层(50)和织物层(30)。织物层(30)包含第一组分和第二组分,第一组分对于第一温度是稳定的,第二组分在第二温度下熔融。缝(80)由每个叠压物的织物层的熔融第二组分和非熔融第一组分形成,所述边的定向呈彼此基本边对边的平接定向。在该情形下,形成防水的、尺寸很小的耐久缝。

Description

焊接微缝
本发明涉及一种防水缝的制备,该防水缝位于防水的、透水汽的叠压物的相邻片之间,该叠压物是例如高性能防水的、透水汽的衣服、手套、鞋等结构中的叠压物。本发明能够制成尺寸很小的防水薄缝。本发明还能够制成弯曲的连续焊接缝。
防水的、透水汽的织物和由此制成的衣服是本行业内众所周知的。这样的衣服具有防水性和透气性的综合性能,由此穿戴者产生的水气就能够透过衣服,使穿戴者感到衣服很舒适。
本行业内已知有多种防水的、透水汽的材料(本文称为“功能层”)。这些功能层经常被叠压到一种或多种织物层上。虽然叠压物自身是防水的,但是,功能层或叠压物材料的相邻片之间的缝的形成和密封则存在问题。传统上,通过缝合材料来形成缝,然后,用固定到织物上的缝密封条,覆盖到缝的每一边。该技术能够形成很厚的不防水的缝(一层叠压到另一层上),因为缝密封条的粘合剂不能以防水的方式包覆织物的每根纱。
另一种形成防水缝的技术是将至少两种合成材料焊接在一起。焊接缝在现有技术中是众所周知的。一类焊接缝在WO99/16620A1中有揭示,如图1所示。WO99/16620中所述的方法包括将织物片交叠起来,并利用热压将它们结合起来。这样的焊接缝不好,因为织物片的至少一个切割边总是位于结构体例如外衣的外面,能够看到,不美观也不时尚,而且从外面还可以看到焊接的痕迹。另一个问题是织物边自身的磨损。最后,缝的结合处有甚至两层以上的聚积,很难用固定的加工装置来密封。该技术还经常引起烧焦或露出结合缝。
US4938817揭示了一种用于净化室服装的纺粘聚烯烃合成织物的结构体的结合缝。这样的缝如图2所示。该专利制成的缝较硬,由此穿戴者感到不舒适。此外,从外面能够看到焊接痕迹,不美观也不时尚。另一个问题是缝结合处,形成缝的织物层的数量增多,使结合处变硬,穿戴者感到不舒适。
其它已知的现有技术是:采用WO02/24015的方法,将防水的、透水汽的叠压物的边结合起来,如图3所示。该缝的形成是:通过熔融将聚氨酯膜的表面彼此结合起来。这样的缝对于时装不好,因为聚氨酯膜的层形成于叠压物的外面、和由此衣服的外面。另一个问题是缝强度不好,因为剥离力沿着缝线指向缝的定向方向。而且,在缝结合处,有叠压层的层叠或聚积,导致结合处变厚和变硬。这样的多层缝结合常常是不防水的。此外,缝的周边区域还会磨损。
因此,需求一种防水的、耐久的柔软缝,它不会从结构体例如衣服外面看到,而且很薄、很舒适,适用于苛刻的终端应用和紧密贴合的应用,同时,仍具有愉悦的美丽外观、边不会磨损。
由此,本发明的一个目的是:改进由防水的织物叠压物制成的衣服内的缝的舒适性。
本发明的另一个目的是:降低由防水的织物叠压物制成的衣服内的缝的宽度。
本发明的再一个目的是:制备由防水的织物叠压物制成的衣服内的长久耐用的缝。
本发明的再一个目的是:提供既牢固、又柔软的缝。
本发明的再一个目的是:提供沿横向(与缝交叉的方向)牢固的缝。
本发明的再一个目的是:提供一种织物叠压物,其中可以由叠压物的本体织物材料形成防水的缝。
本发明的再一个目的是:提供一种防水缝,它位于至少两个具有织物外表面层的防水的、透水汽的织物叠压物的边之间。
本发明的再一个目的是:提供一种缝,从由防水的织物叠压物制成的结构体的外面看不到它。
本发明的再一个目的是:提供一种缝结合,它没有相关织物叠压层的层叠。
本发明的再一个目的是:提供一种缝,其中缝的边能在很大程度上防磨损。
本发明的这些和其它目的这样来达到:提供一种防水的焊接缝,它形成于至少两个织物叠压物之间的边区域内,其中叠压物的边的定向是:彼此基本边对边平接定向。
本发明还涉及包含双组分材料的织物叠压物的用途。这样的双组分材料包含在较高温度下熔融的第一热塑性组分,和在较低温度下熔融的第二热塑性组分。双组分材料在专利出版物WO99/16616和WO99/16620(W.L.Gore及其同仁有限公司)中有揭示。
由此,本发明提供一种防水的焊接缝,它形成于至少一个具有第一边的第一叠压物和具有第二边的第二叠压物的组合的边区域。每个叠压物包含防水的功能层和至少一个叠压到该功能层上的织物层,该织物层包含至少一种第一组分和第二组分,第一组分在第一温度下稳定,第二组分在第二温度下熔融,其中第一温度高于第二温度。缝是通过熔融每个叠压物的织物层的第二组分与非熔融第一组分而形成。第一边相对于第二边的定向是:基本边对边的平接定向。
本发明还涉及这样一种方法:它通过形成焊接缝,来结合至少两片防水的叠压物。该方法包括:
(a)提供至少两个防水的叠压物,每个叠压物包含至少一个叠压到织物层上的防水功能层,所述织物层包含至少一种第一组分和第二组分,第一组分在第一温度下稳定,第二组分在第二温度下熔融,其中第一温度高于第二温度;每个叠压物具有至少一个边。
(b)将所述至少两个叠压物放置在一起,使织物层彼此接触,一个叠压物的至少一个边对准至少一个其它叠压物的至少一个边,形成一个边区域;
(c)采用第二组分的熔融温度范围内的、并低于第一温度的温度,将所述边区域焊接并压在一起,使第二组分熔融,并形成片之间的缝。
(d)切去缝的多余部分;和
(e)将缝焊接并压到一起,使叠压物的已经对准的边,以边对边的平接定向方式,重新定向。
优选地,步骤(c)和步骤(d)同时进行。
在一个实施方式中,步骤(c)和步骤(e)在同一温度下进行。在另一个实施方式中,实施步骤(c)的温度与实施步骤(e)的温度不同。在一个实施方式中,焊接步骤这样实施:采用超声能加热第二组分。优选地,焊接和加压步骤是采用砧角和旋转砧连续进行。这导致边区域内温度和压力的均匀分布,由此导致均匀的焊接缝。
位于至少两片防水的叠压物之间的焊接缝,由权利要求1所述方法获得。
本发明涉及这样的防水的结构体,如衣服、露营袋、遮蔽物(包括帐篷)等,具有上述焊接缝,也涉及该缝的密封方法。
本发明还涉及一种制品,包含多片防水叠压物,并具有由权利要求1所述方法制成的位于至少两个片之间的至少一个焊接缝。
根据本发明,意外地发现,呈边对边的平接定向方式的焊接缝的定向,可以在叠压边之间形成平坦的柔软缝。该缝优选仍然是防水的。本发明的缝改善了衣服的舒适性,因为缝厚度不大于叠压物的厚度。该焊接缝的边对边平接定向也避免了缝结合处叠压片的层叠,由此,每个缝结合处都比以往的更柔软、更薄。这样就形成了基本均匀厚度的本发明焊接缝和焊接缝结合处,由此能够降低加工缝的复杂程度,因为焊接设备的焊接参数对于缝和缝结合处是相等的。
第二织物层的第一和第二组分两者都参与到本发明焊接缝中。第二组分熔融,并提供将叠压物的边结合在一起的密封材料。此外,熔融的第二组分包封第一组分和功能层,同时,第一组分和功能层保持稳定。因此,第二组分提供防水的屏障,第一组分向边对边的平接缝提供结构和强度。
焊接和加压步骤导致焊接缝的叠压边重新定向成边对边的平接定向,这能够减小缝的整体尺寸,由此降低缝的硬度,并提高穿戴者的舒适感。焊接和加压步骤还导致无法从组合体外面看到焊接缝和叠压边。由此,使组合体形成美观的、愉悦的外部形式。此外,边还由熔融的第二组分包嵌,在很大程度上避免磨损。
本发明的焊接缝由下述的Instron测试测得是牢固和柔软的。边以边对边的平接定向方式重新定向,导致缝内结构体很牢固,因为剥离力沿缝的整个剖面扩展。
叠压物的第二织物层的第二组分是这样的材料:具有低熔融温度,并优选在160-230℃范围的第二温度下熔融。第一组分是相对于高温稳定的材料,即:不会熔融或以其它方式分解。第一组分优选相对于至少为180℃的第一温度是稳定的,即:在180℃以下的温度不会熔融。对于要形成的可靠的缝,第一温度和第二温度之差优选至少为20℃。由此,必须根据第一组分和第二组分各自的熔点来选择它们,以便使第一组分的熔点永远高于第二组分的熔点。
第一组分通常选自聚合物,包括:纤维素、包括羊毛和真丝的蛋白质纤维、高熔点聚烯烃、聚酯、共聚酯、聚酰胺、或共聚酰胺。第一组分优选是聚酰胺例如聚酰胺6.6(尼龙)。
第二层中的第二组分是热塑性材料,选自:低熔点热塑性材料,包括:共聚酯、聚酰胺、共聚酰胺和聚烯烃例如聚丙烯。在一个优选的实施方式中,第二组分是聚烯烃,例如聚丙烯。第二组分优选是聚酰胺例如聚酰胺6。
在本发明的一个特别优选的实施方式中,采用聚酰胺6.6作为第一组分(熔点约为255℃),和聚丙烯(熔点约为160℃)作为第二组分。
第二织物层(通常是外层)包含许多纱线,形式为股、长丝、线或纤维。此外,第二层是针织的、机织的或非机织的织物层。
在一个实施方式中,第二织物层内的纱线是一种复合纤维,包含第一组分和第二组分。有时,将具有两种组分的复合纤维称为“双组分”纤维。用于本发明的合适的双组分纤维包括:偏心-鞘-芯的结构、同心-鞘-芯的结构(其中第二组分形成鞘)、“海岛型”结构、楔-芯的结构、楔结构、或“并列型”结构。但是,在本发明的优选实施方式中,使用共混合的非连续纤维或长丝的混合物,一种纤维由第一组分形成,另一种纤维由第二组分形成。
如果需要,可以使用两种以上的组分,每种具有不同的熔点。
叠压物的第一层(功能层)可以是薄膜或膜。它可以选自聚酯、聚酰胺、聚酮、聚砜、聚碳酸酯、含氟聚合物、聚丙烯酸酯、共聚醚酯、共聚醚酰胺、聚氨酯、聚氯乙烯、聚四氟乙烯或聚烯烃。优选地,第一层由膨胀聚四氟乙烯(ePTFE)形成。膨胀聚四氟乙烯已知具有高防水性和高透气性。它能以已知的方式具有一层亲水性聚合物涂层。这样的叠压物可以提供>1500g/m2/天的透水汽率(尤其>3000g/m2/天),水的进入压力>0.13巴。
另外,防水的、透水汽的层可以由透水汽的单片聚合物构成、或由柔软基材上的聚合物涂层构成(例如机织物或针织基材)。
在一个优选的实施方式中,在本发明的叠压物之间形成的缝具有足够的防水性,它们能够承受至少为0.07巴的水进入压力,优选至少为0.13巴,最优选至少为0.2巴,基于本文所述的Suter测试方法。
通常,所述缝是抗液态水通过的。但是,通过选择合适的材料和粘合剂,它们也可以抗化学气体通过,例如NH3、HCl、H2S、SO2、和有机物质。
本发明的焊接缝可以由至少一种增强物得到增强。可以采用的增强物是防水的条、兹克-扎克(zic-zac)线或双缝线图案、或防水的织物叠压物。优选的增强物是可部分熔融的线或薄缝条。可部分熔融的线包含至少一种在160-230℃范围内温度下熔融的组分。该增强物能够增加缝的强度或防水性。根据本发明缝的减小的宽度,该增强物的尺寸很小,由此具有增强物的缝仍然是柔软的。
本发明缝的厚度基本等于叠压物的厚度。在一个实施方式中,每个叠压物和焊接缝的最大厚度都为0.3微米。在另一个实施方式中,每个叠压物的厚度为0.9微米,焊接缝的缝厚度为0.9微米。
在另一个实施方式中,焊接缝是基本非线性,形成弯曲的缝。弯曲的缝可以由连续的焊接方法制成,在时装设计中是优选的。
此外,本发明的焊接缝的形式呈至少一个曲率,形成一个三维的结构。这样的弯曲形状有利于形成例如衣服的肩部。
下面对照现有技术、并结合附图,来描述本发明。
图1示出了现有技术所揭示的传统的扁平焊接缝;
图2示出了另一种现有技术中的传统的焊接缝;
图3示出了现有技术中的通过熔融粘合聚氨酯薄膜的表面而形成的传统的焊接缝;
图4是用于形成本发明缝的双组分叠压物的剖面图;
图5a-5e示出了形成本发明焊接缝的步骤;
图6示出了包含双组分织物层的防水叠压物的三层之间的T型结合;
图7是图6所示T型结合的剖面图;
图8是本发明焊接缝的剖面图,该焊接缝的内侧上具有增强条;
图9是本发明焊接缝的剖面图,该缝的内侧上具有双组分线形式的增强物;
图10示出了第一和第二双组分叠压物,呈弯曲的预切形状,形成弯曲的焊接缝;
图11示出了双组分叠压物之间的边对边的弯曲焊接缝;
图12示出了本发明具有曲率的焊接缝;
图13示出了图8所示经内面翻出后的弯曲焊接缝;
图14示出了包含边对边缝的衣服和本发明的边对边的弯曲缝;
图15示出了本发明焊接缝的一个实施方式的微观图;
图16示出了呈非展平结构的焊接缝的第二实施方式的微观图;
图17示出了呈展平结构的焊接缝的第二实施方式的微观图。
附图的详细描述
图1-3示出了现有技术中已知的常规焊接缝。
图1示出了形成于两层防水的织物叠压物210a、210b之间的常规焊接缝。将第一叠压物层210a的边220a置于第二叠压物层210b的最上边220b上,在热和压力作用下进行焊接。边220a和220b被加热,并将其中一个压到另一个上面,在边之间焊接一个结合区域。
该常规缝的问题是:从结构体外部能够看到第二叠压物层210b的边线230。从外部也能够看到焊接痕迹240。这就意味着在服装中,有美观方面的限制性。另外,边220a和220b提供有限的耐磨损性,因为边自身没有任何保护。
图2示出了织物叠压物层210a和210b之间的另一种常规焊接缝。第一叠压物层210a被堆叠到第二叠压物层210b上,它们的边220a和220b彼此对准。缝沿着交叠边的长度延伸,并形成确定缝线的带250。该缝的形成可以通过沿着带250施加热和压力来实施,超声能形式的热量被连续施加。带250靠着第二叠压物层210b的相邻表面平坦地折叠,在折叠带250上、和带250依靠进行折叠的第二叠压物层210b上施加热和压力。这样的焊接缝的缺点是能够在外部看到焊接痕迹240,缝的厚度也大。尤其在缝结合处,有这样的问题:形成缝的层数会增多。例如,在T型结合中,必须将5层的叠压片焊接起来。此外,叠压物的边220a和220b的耐磨损性有限。
图3示出了通过熔融将聚氨酯薄膜260a和260b的表面彼此粘合形成的焊接缝。一种这样的缝在WO02/24015中有揭示。该缝是两片叠压物260a和260b的两个边部分之间的横向焊接结合,所述叠压物包含由聚氨酯制成的至少一个层。
每个叠压物260a和260b包含基本织物262,该织物包含由两种纱线制成的载体和由第三种纱线形成的闭环绒毛。一个涂层270被叠压到基本织物262上,该涂层由外皮层、内皮层和粘合剂组成。
基本织物262是弹性的,可以由至少两种纱线制成,其中至少一种是弹性的,另一种纱线优选基本不可伸展。优选地,两种纱线是合成的,例如聚酯构成第一种纱线,弹性树脂例如聚氨酯或尼龙构成第二种弹性纱线。绒毛的纱线可以例如是任何天然纱线。
涂层270必定形成叠压物260a、260b的外层,优选由一层或多层聚氨酯树脂形成。外皮层不是亲水性的,同时,内层是亲水性的,或反之亦然。外层的熔点可以比内层高,或反之亦然,或熔点也可以基本相同。
粘合剂优选由亲水性聚氨酯树脂形成。
皮层和粘合剂都具有约15-20微米的厚度。
叠压物260a和260b基本不透水,但是可透水汽。
叠压物的260a和260b部分之间通过焊接、优选超声焊接,形成结合。为了焊接,叠压物的260a和260b部分可以面对面放置,它们各自的皮层相接触。在焊接期间,皮层和粘合剂层中的至少一个熔融,并重新凝固,使得结合通过皮层和粘合剂而形成。如果要求,载体的至少一种纱线也可以熔融,随后重新凝固。绒毛不熔融。在一个实施方式中,基本所有的边区域280都被修剪掉,焊接和剪切可以在一个操作中完成。
图3所示的焊接缝具有几个缺陷。这样的焊接缝仅在连接聚氨酯叠压物方面是已知的,尤其是用聚氨酯层熔融形成缝。但是聚氨酯层露出在外面的叠压物和缝,在时装需要织物层露在外面的情形下,是不能使用的。
此外,因为至少非热塑性绒毛不熔融,会磨损,所以缝也会磨损。在仅皮层和粘合剂熔融的情形下,磨损的危险性增大。
另外,这样的缝的强度很差,因为剥离力指向与缝内叠压边的定向相同的方向,所以所有的力都集中在剥离力线290上。
为了获得牢固的结合,必需使用高重量的基本织物262,导致叠压物很重,降低了可透气性。
另外,在缝结合处,有叠压物层的层叠或聚积,使缝结合处变厚和变硬。
这样的聚积在以恒定间距和波幅应用超声技术时,导致烧焦的点。
在WO02/24015的另一个实施方式中,可以在皮层和粘合剂层两者中都使用亲水性聚氨酯,目的是使叠压物260a和260b可透水汽、而不透水。但是,亲水性聚氨酯露在外面会吸收任何形式的液体,并胀大。这导致叠压物和结合处的湿强度明显降低。
图4示出了专利出版物WO99/16616和WO99/16620中所描述类型的热塑性双组分材料。防水的双组分叠压物1包含针织或机织织物层30,该织物层包含一种或多种双组分纱线,该纱线被叠压到防水的功能层50上,它包含防水的、透水汽的薄膜。在一个实施方式中,功能层50包含多孔聚合物层10和由亲水性聚合物形成的透水汽聚合物层20。功能层50的另一个面上,可以叠压有织物层40。织物层优选含有双组分织物层,以提高本发明焊接缝的缝强度和防水性。
多孔聚合物层10可以是微孔聚合物薄膜,具有敞开互通的微孔的微观结构。它具有透气性等,赋予或不损害透水汽性。使用的微孔薄膜一般厚5微米-125微米,最优选约5-25微米。微孔薄膜可以由塑性或弹性聚合物形成。合适的聚合物的例子包括聚酯、聚酰胺、聚烯烃、聚酮、聚砜、聚碳酸酯、含氟聚合物、聚丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯、共聚醚酯、共聚醚酰胺等。
优选的微孔聚合物薄膜材料是膨胀微孔聚四氟乙烯(ePTFE)。该材料的特征在于具有许多敞开的互通微孔、高空隙率、高强度、柔软性、柔韧性、稳定的化学性能、高水汽迁移性和具有良好污染控制特性的表面。美国专利US-A-3953566和US-A-4187390描述了这样的微孔膨胀聚四氟乙烯薄膜的制备。
连续的透水汽的聚合物层20通常是亲水性聚合物。亲水性层有选择地通过扩散传递水份,但是不会承载具有压力的液体或气流。因此,湿气即水汽被传递,而聚合物连续层不会让气流中承载的微粒、有机微生物、油分或其它污染物通过。该特性使织物材料和由其制成的制品(例如服装、袜子、手套、鞋等)通过阻挡污染物的作用而具有优良的污染控制特性。此外,材料的透水汽性也使穿戴者感到舒适。
连续的透水汽的聚合物层20一般厚5-50微米,优选约10-25微米。发现:该厚度在实践中很好地平衡了令人满意的耐久性、持续性、和水汽传导率。虽然不局限于此,连续的透水汽的聚合物层20优选聚氨酯族、硅氧烷族、共聚醚酯族、或共聚醚酯酰胺族。合适的共聚醚酯亲水性组合物可以在US-A-4493870(Vrouenraets)和US-A-4725481(Ostapachenko)中找到。合适的亲水性组合物在US-A-42340838(Foy等人)中有描述。合适的聚氨酯可以在US-A-4194041(Gore)中找到。优选的连续透水汽的聚氨酯类聚合物,尤其是含有氧乙烯单元的聚合物,在US-A-4532316(Henn)中有描述。这些材料一般含有这样的组合物,它具有高浓度的氧乙烯单元,以便赋予聚合物以亲水性。氧乙烯单元的浓度一般>基本聚合物的45重量%,优选>60%,更优选>70%。
功能层50可以根据US-A-5026591(Henn等人)的启示来制备。
本发明的叠压物1优选带有织物垫层40。该垫层40可以是机织的、非织造的、或针织的,并可以由多种材料例如聚酯、聚酰胺(尼龙)、聚烯烃等制成。在一个实施方式中,垫层40可以是双组分织物层,例如本文详细描述的双组分织物层30。垫层40可以通过标准的叠压工艺叠压到功能层50的一个面上。特别是,可以由凹版印刷辊在功能层50的一个面上施加液态热固化粘合剂的点状图案。然后,使材料通过压辊之间,实施叠压,并固化。
织物层30通常是机织的、或针织的织物层,由纱线制成,该纱线包括:纱股、长丝、线、,具有至少两种组分的纤维或纤维共混物。
第一组分是在第一温度下稳定的材料,即不会熔融或以其它方式分解。第一组分在至少为180℃的第一温度下是稳定的,即不会在180℃以下熔融。在一个实施方式中,第一组分是在高达例如约260℃的高温下稳定的材料。在另一个实施方式中,第一组分不会熔融,但是会在一定温度下分解(像凱普拉材料)。第二组分由在低的熔融第二温度下熔融的材料制成。在一个实施方式中,第二组分是具有160-230℃范围较低熔融温度的材料。第一温度必须比第二温度高。
针织的或机织的双组分织物层30内的至少两种组分可以由两种不同的共混合类型的股、长丝、线或纤维构成。另外,也可以使用双组分纱线。双组分纱线可以具有芯-鞘的结构、“海岛型”结构、或“并列型”结构。WO99/16616的表1示出了能够用于本发明的可购买的双组分纱线。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,双组分层中的第二组分是热塑性的,选自低熔点热塑性材料,包括:共聚酯、聚酰胺、共聚酰胺或聚烯烃。在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,第二组分是聚丙烯或聚酰胺6.0。
第一组分选自这样的聚合物,包括:纤维素、包括羊毛和真丝的蛋白质纤维、包括聚丙烯和聚乙烯的高熔点聚烯烃、聚酯、共聚酯、聚酰胺或共聚酰胺。优选的第一组分是聚酰胺6.6。
基本是,必须以这样的方式选择两种组分:第一组分总是具有比第二组分高的熔点。第一温度与第二温度之差优选至少为20℃。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,针织的或机织的织物层30的两种组分或是聚丙烯和聚酰胺、聚丙烯和聚乙烯、或是不同等级的聚酰胺(例如聚酰胺6和聚酰胺6.6)。
一个尤其优选的实施方式包括这样的纱线:60:40的78分特聚丙烯复丝和44分特聚酰胺复丝的共混物(即78f25/44f13)。
织物层30可以具有两种热塑性组分。但是,如果特定用途需要,也可以包括三种或更多种热塑性组分。用于形成层30的双组分或多组分纱线可以由多种现有技术制成。例如织物层30的不同组分的许多长丝能够混合在一起,形成给定米数(Nm)或分特的纱线。纱线的米数由下式给出:Nm=10,000/分特。米数一般是70-90。由此,在本文中,84分特的25根长丝纱线总体被定义成(84f25)。多组分纱线可以采用已知技术针织或机织在一起。
双组分织物层30通过与上述织物垫层40相似的叠压工艺,被叠压到功能层50的一个面上。在叠压过程中必须小心:低熔点(或高熔点)组分在叠压过程中不会显著地熔融。
一种挥发剂可以被包含在双组分层30中,如WO99/16616所述。
本发明的缝以图5a-5e所示方式形成。图5e示出了本发明的缝80,该缝将第一双组分叠压物1a与第二双组分叠压物1b在它们的边处结合起来。要明白:缝80通常能够采用常规的焊接机形成。缝80由图4所示和上述类型的叠压片1a、1b形成。但是,使用图4所示的双组分叠压物材料1形成焊接的平接缝80,具有基本边对边的平接定向的叠压边。
由此,如图5a所示,在相邻的叠压片1a和1b之间形成缝。每个叠压物包含织物垫层40、防水的可透气功能层50(由多孔聚合物层10和亲水性透水汽的聚合物层20形成)、为机织的或针织的织物材料的双组分织物面层30。织物材料可以是膨松的,因为使用双组分纱线提供优良的缝密封。面层指双组分织物层30形成面织物,并用于形成叠压物1a、1b的外层,即:它位于结构体例如服装的外部,朝向远离穿戴者的方向。叠压物1a、1b的内部由垫层40形成。第一叠压物1a具有第一边60a,第二叠压物1b具有第二边60b。
第一叠压物1a和第二叠压物1b面对面放置,其各自的双组分层30和边60a、60b(边叠压在边上)接触。第一边60a和第二边60b形成边区域65。
两个叠压物1a、1b必须结合,或熔合起来,在边区域65内形成预接缝70,如图5b所示。如果边区域65内的双组分织物层30被供以足够的能量,达到高于第二组分的第二温度、而低于第一组分的第一温度的温度,预接缝70就会形成。第二组分熔融,并提供在预接缝70处用于将第一叠压物1a结合到第二叠压物1b上的密封材料(粘合剂)。第一和第二组分两者都参与结构体结合。第二组分包覆第一组分,同时,第一组分保持稳定。第二组分提供防水的屏障,第一组分为缝提供结构和强度。
在选择垫层40作为双组分织物层的情形下,在边区域65内,层40的第二组分也会熔融,同时,层40的第一组分保持稳定。这样的双组分层30、40的组合导致预接缝70的高强度。
向双组分织物层30施加能量以便形成预接缝70的方法,是采用超声焊接技术,来加热第二组分。其它的焊接技术也是可行的,例如接触焊接或脉冲焊接。
本发明的优选的结合双组分层的方法是采用超声能,例如用Sonotrode。通过超声砧角和砧体系来施加超声能,就能够在边处局部产生热量。优选地,采用砧角和旋转砧就能够以连续的方式来实施。砧角以选择的预定频率上下振动,具有可调节的振幅。叠压物1a和1b的边区域65能够通过砧的端头与砧角之间,并焊接在一起。砧与砧角之间的距离是0.1-0.5mm。控制Sonotrode的速度,以便获得合适的焊接。速度越慢,焊接越热。
在一个实施方式中,预接缝70采用组合的超声焊接和裁切机制成。裁切步骤在焊接步骤期间或之后实施,脱除焊接步骤中形成的多余的缝材料。在该情形下,砧和砧角之间的距离是零。
可以使用一个超声波机90(例如使用Sonotronic Sonotrode的Pfaff8310),在一个步骤中进行焊接、并裁切预接缝70。
选择超声波机90的能量输入,大于第二低熔融温度组分的熔融温度,但是小于双组分织物层30的第一组分的高熔融温度。焊接工艺一般在150-240℃的温度下进行。在这些条件下,双组分织物层30内的低熔融温度组分发生熔融,而且,由于压力由焊接模具施加到叠压物1a和1b上,双组分织物层30就熔合起来。低熔融组分填充双组分织物层30内的由具有高熔融温度的纤维形成的结构之间的空隙。较高熔融温度的纤维由此有两个作用。首先,它们为缝提供机械强度。第二,它们用作“空隙保持物”或隔离物,来保障处于熔融态的较低熔融温度的纤维不会从预接缝70中渗出。
在焊接过程中,多余的缝被裁切掉,由此缝边没有余量部分。沿着裁切线,会产生较高温度,并熔融所有组分。
在焊接和裁切工序之后,两个叠压物1a和1b打开,如图5c所示。该两个叠压物1a和1b基本位于一个平面内,并通过预接缝70彼此连接。边区域内形成缝的层沿着基本横向的方向。形成的预接缝边75像一个位于叠压物1a和1b之间的峰。
图5d示出了制备本发明缝80方法中的另一个步骤。对预接缝70应用一个附加的焊接工序,使缝变平展。该附加的加工利用热工具或超声波机来进行。在一个实施方式中,不带裁切装置的焊接机90在焊接的预接缝70上进行热压。该附加的焊接可以在缝的一面上进行,或在两面上进行,引起第二组分已经熔融的物质再熔融。压力使预接缝70内的横向定向的层重新定向成基本平直的方向。叠压物1a和1b的第一边60a和第二边60b,以边对边的平接定向方式重新定向。由此,峰状的缝边75就会形成为平展的缝线。
图5e示出了本发明的最终缝80。因为附加焊接步骤,边对边平接缝80具有与叠压物1a或1b自身相同的最大厚度,缝厚度依赖于叠压物的厚度,为0.2-0.9微米。此外,再熔融、和沿与第一焊接工序相反的方向向下压预接缝70,会导致缝内的层、尤其边的重新定向。特别是,功能层50沿或多或少的直线方向定向。至少功能层50的边的末端完全嵌入第二组分的熔融材料内。双组分织物层30和织物垫层40的方向是基本水平和平直的。这就导致拉力位于缝80的整个剖面上,而不是剥离力沿如图3所示的常规缝的缝线290的方向。缝80尤其在使用双组分层30和40的情形下具有高缝强度。意外地,本发明的缝很耐久,在数次洗涤后,缝仍然是闭合的,没有发现有敞开区域。
缝80是防水的,而且叠压物边长期不会磨损。形成的缝80的宽度为0.2-1.5mm,依赖于叠压物厚度和加工指标。缝80是柔软的,而且很薄。另一个优点是缝的结合处,层没有聚积。
图6示出了本发明的一个实施方式的俯视图。该图示出了三片双组分叠压物1a和1b在它们的边处,通过本发明的呈边对边平接定向方式的焊接缝而结合起来的组合体。每个双组分叠压片都可以具有一个不同颜色的双组分织物层。三片1a、1b和2由图5所示方法结合起来形成T型结合。
在第一步中,第一双组分叠压物1a和第二双组分叠压物1b,在第一边对边焊接缝82处结合起来。之后,在第二步中,所述第一和第二叠压物1a和1b的组合体,在本发明的边对边焊接缝84处,被焊接到第三双组分叠压物2上。
图7是穿过图6所示的缝结合处A的放大的透视剖面图(线VII-VII)。沿着焊接缝82剖开,穿过焊接缝84和第三双组分叠压物2。意外地发现:第一、第二叠压物和第三叠压物2的组合体没有发生层叠,缝82和84的结合处也没有叠压片。相反,第一、第二和第三叠压物的边以基本边对边的平接定向方式定向。因此,全部三个叠压物以及它们之间的缝都在同一平面内。特别是,缝结合处A的厚度与缝82或84基本相等。在缝结合处没有叠压物的层叠。叠压物由平接状的缝结合。因此,缝结合处的缝并不明显厚于叠压物。缝结合处的结合是防水的、耐撕拉。
采用施加到焊接缝处的增强物可以提高缝强度。增强物可以提高缝的防水性和/或提高缝强度。
增强物优选施加到制品内双组分叠压物1的织物层一侧或内侧上,可以使用的增强物是织物条、防水条、线或防水的织物叠压物。在本发明的一个实施方式中,增强物的形式是如图8所示的缝条105。该缝条105可以被固定到缝80自身的任一侧。为了美观,缝条105通常施加到衣服的内部,使它隐藏起来,看不到。因此,缝条105优选被固定到织物层40上。
缝条可以是可焊接的粘合剂条、可焊接的织物条或可焊接的叠压物条。基本上,可焊接条包括至少一种热塑性组分,该组分在80-230℃范围温度下可以熔融。
在另一个实施方式中,缝条105可以是热塑性膜,该膜在加热时变软并流动。更普遍的是,缝条105包含一个背衬条,该背衬条的一面上有一个热熔粘合剂覆盖层。本发明的焊接缝80形成后,加热缝条105,例如采用热空气鼓风加热,目的是熔融粘合剂。然后,缝条105被施加到缝80上,两者通过一对压力辊的缝隙,以便挤压熔融的粘合剂成织物40,以保证缝条对于下层织物的优良粘合性。通常,密封缝的粘合剂在双组分织物层30的第二组分的熔点以上的温度下熔融。这就能够维持通常的缝密封条件。优选地,密封缝的粘合剂在比第二组分的温度低10-20℃的温度下熔融。但是,这些条件依赖于热量的流动速率和密封缝的速度大小。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中,在图5d所示的平展工序中,将缝条施加到缝上。在一个例子中,超声波焊接机有两个板,板之间有间距。连续输送预接缝70和预接缝上的缝条通过该间距,并结合起来。同时,预接缝变平展,形成边对边的平接定向。
意外地,本发明也能够使用很薄(窄)的缝条,这是由于焊接缝自身很薄,而且实际上没有多余的缝部分。缝条优选具有不大于8-10mm的宽度。
增强物的另一个例子如图9所示。用线110增强焊接缝80。在一个实施方式中,线由上述双组分材料制成。在线的另一个实施方式中,它是单丝纱。线110可以在焊接缝80上缝成兹克-扎克(zic-zac)线状,优选缝到织物层40上。在缝合步骤后,缝区域内的织物被加热至达到至少双组分织物层30的第二组分的熔融温度,而且如果使用双组分线,加热至该双组分线的第二组分的熔融温度。但是,缝区域被加热达到的温度应当低于第一组分的熔融温度。加热步骤可以是平展缝80的附加焊接步骤,或可以与图5d所示的预接缝70的变平展步骤一同实施。熔融的第二组分密封叠压物1中的缝纫孔,以保持缝的防水性。
图10示出了两个叠压物1a和1b,它们具有预成形的边60a和60b。边60a和60b呈弯曲形式,其中第一边60a与第二边60b精确密合。
第一边60a和第二边60b的组合如图11所示。第一叠压物1a和第二叠压物1b在本发明的焊接缝80处结合起来。使缝变平展的连续焊接步骤形成两维的非线性密封线。
本发明的再一个实施方式如图12所示。第一双组分叠压物1a和第二双组分叠压物1b的排布与图5b所示的相同,差别仅在于焊接机形成弯曲的缝线、或非线性缝,而不是图5b所示的直缝线。
所形成的这样的弯曲或非线性缝线如图13所示,其中预接缝70变平展,形成具有三维曲率的焊接缝80。基于焊接缝80的曲率,最终的组合体包含三维结构。这样的三维结构有助于制备身体形状的服装,用于肩部结构和预成形的帽子。
图14示出了一种服装120,由多片防水的叠压物制成。这些片可以具有不同的颜色和/或非线性的形状和边。这些片由本发明方法所形成的至少一个焊接缝80结合起来。尤其在帽子130区域内,有形成的三维弯曲的焊接缝88。在躯干和手臂区域,有形成的两维焊接缝86。
实施例
实施例1(未加工的微缝)
一条缝形成于两片双组分三层叠压物之间。该叠压物包含:叠压到防水的功能层50上的机织双组分织物层30,该功能层50由具有亲水性聚合物涂层的膨胀聚四氟乙烯形成;叠压到功能层50相反面的针织的双组分织物垫层40。机织的双组分层包含第一组分(聚酰胺6.6,熔点255℃)、和第二组分(聚酰胺6,熔点225℃)。第一和第二组分的形式是织构化的并混合的长丝。双组分织物层30的织物重量为55g/m2。针织的双组分垫层40的织物重量为80g/m2,也由作为第一组分的聚酰胺6.6和作为第二组分的聚酰胺6制成。该叠压物的厚度为0.3mm。第一和第二叠压物1a和1b首先面对面放置,使各自的双组分机织层30接触。预接缝70采用Pfaff8310类型(购自德国Pfaff公司)的超声波焊接机形成,该焊接机具有16μm的波幅、35kHz和0.7m/min的声速。砧轮的角度为90°,间隙0mm。温度约为240℃。在焊接工序中,通过无间隙切掉缝的多余部分。采用同样的焊接机(Pfaff8310)和同样的设置,但是使用平展的砧轮(180°角度)、间隙0.13mm,第二次展平预接缝70,形成微缝80。
图15示出了焊接缝和平展缝80的剖面的电子显微照片。双组分叠压物1a和1b的所有层都基本是平直结构,功能层5嵌入缝80的熔融材料内。缝80的宽度为0.2mm,厚度为0.3mm。防水性和缝强度的数值可以从下表1中看出。
实施例2(未加工的微缝)
一条缝形成于两片的三层叠压物1a和1b之间。该叠压物包含针织的双组分织物层30,该双组分织物层30的织物重量为250g/m2。层30叠压到功能层50上,该功能层50由具有亲水性聚合物涂层的膨胀聚四氟乙烯形成。该叠压物1还包含叠压到功能层50相反面的针织的双组分织物垫层40,针织的双组分垫层40的织物重量为110g/m2。双组分层30和40包含第一组分(聚酰胺6.6,熔点255℃)、和第二组分(聚酰胺6,熔点225℃)。第一和第二组分的形式是织构化的并混合的长丝纱线。该叠压物1的厚度为0.8mm。缝80根据实施例1所述方法形成,不同在于:展平步骤中,焊接机的间隙为0.5mm。
图16是图5b所示的焊接和裁切步骤后的未展平预接缝70的剖面的电子显微照片。形成具有峰状结构75的预接缝70。
图17示出了一个与图16所示相同、但是在平展预接缝的附加的焊接和加压步骤之后的缝的剖面的电子显微照片。因此,缝80被平展,每个叠压物1a和1b的边以边对边的平接定向方式重新定向。缝80的宽度为0.6mm,厚度为0.8mm。防水性和缝强度的数值如下表1所示。这些数值说明,无法在叠压物制成的结构体的外部看到缝,由此能够制成美观、悦目的结构体。这些数值还说明,缝的边区域在结构体的外部也看不到,而且边被熔融的第二组分包嵌,由此能够在很大程度上防磨损。
实施例3
一条焊接缝形成于两片的三层叠压物之间。所述材料和焊接方法与实施例1相同。另外,采用超声能将一个三层的双组分叠压物条形式的增强物,焊接到缝的内侧。该条的宽度为6mm,完全覆盖缝和垫层40的相邻区域。
实施例4
一条焊接缝形成于两片的三层叠压物之间。所述材料和焊接方法与实施例1相同。另外,将一个双组分线形式的增强物,以兹格-扎格(zig-zag)形式,缝合到缝上。之后,具有线的缝被加热,双组分层和线的熔融第二组分密封叠压物内的缝纫孔。
实施例5
一条焊接缝形成于两片的三层叠压物之间。所述材料和焊接方法与实施例1相同。另外,将一个双组分线形式的增强物,以双针脚包覆缝纫的形式,缝合到缝上。之后,具有线的缝被加热,双组分层和线的熔融第二组分密封叠压物内的缝纫孔。
实施例6
一条焊接缝形成于两片的三层叠压物之间。所述材料和焊接方法与实施例1相同。另外,将一个针织带形式的增强物通过超声能焊接,结合到缝的内侧。该条的宽度为7mm,完全覆盖缝和垫层40的相邻区域。
实施例7
一条焊接缝形成于两片的三层叠压物之间。所述材料和焊接方法与实施例1相同,不同在于:织物层30和垫层40的双组分材料的形式是具有较高织物重量的绒毛。由此,叠压物具有382g/m2的较高重量。
实施例8
一条焊接缝形成于两片的三层叠压物之间。所述焊接方法与实施例1相同。织物层30和垫层40的双组分材料的形式是绒毛,由聚酯制成。第一组分是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET,熔点255℃),第二组分是聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT,熔点225℃)。绒毛层30和40具有较高的织物重量,如实施例7,由此叠压物具有440g/m2的较高重量。
实施例9
一条焊接缝形成于两片的三层叠压物之间。所述材料和焊接方法与实施例1相同,不同在于:织物层30和垫层40的双组分材料具有较高的织物重量,如实施例1。由此,叠压物具有180g/m2的较高重量。
实施例10
一条焊接缝形成于两片的三层叠压物之间。所述焊接方法与实施例1相同。织物层30和垫层40的双组分材料由聚酯制成。由此,织物垫层40的双组分材料的形式是拉过绒的针织背衬材料。第一组分是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET,熔点255℃),第二组分是聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT,熔点225℃)。叠压物具有430g/m2的高重量。
表1示出了叠压物和形成于叠压物之间的焊接缝的测试结果。
表1给出了用于实施例的每个叠压物的织物重量和厚度,和每个焊接缝的缝强度。Suter测试说明:焊接缝是防水的(通过)或不防水(未通过)。使用以下的缩写形式:
3L=具有ePTFE(膨胀聚四氟乙烯)薄膜的三层叠压物,所述薄膜具有亲水性聚合物涂层作为功能层
TL=织物层30,FL=织物垫层40,PA=聚酰胺,BiCo=双组分织物材料
                                             表1
  实施例   叠压物的单位重量(g/m2)   叠压物的厚度(mm)  缝是否通过Suter测试?   密封强度(N)
  1.未加工的微缝3L:TL和FL=PA BiCo   165   0.5  通过   152
  2.未加工的微缝3L:TL和FL=PA BiCo,FL=拉过绒的针织背衬   372   1.3  通过   288
  3.具有叠压条形式的防水增强物的微缝3L:TL和FL=PA BiCo   165   0.5  通过   218
  4.具有线增强物(兹格-扎格)的微缝3L:TL和FL=PA BiCo   165   0.5  通过   230
  5.具有线增强物(2针脚包覆缝纫)的微缝3L:TL和FL=PA BiCo   165   0.5  通过   255
  6.具有针织带形式的增强物的微缝3L:TL和FL=PA BiCo   165   0.5  通过   296
  7.未加工的微缝3L:TL和FL=PA BiCo绒毛   382   1.7  通过   232
  8.未加工的微缝3L:TL和FL=聚酯BiCo绒毛   440   1.9  通过   224
  9.未加工的微缝3L:TL和FL=PA BiCo   180   0.6  通过   198
  10.未加工的微缝3L:TL和FL=聚酯BiCo,FL=拉过绒的针织背衬   430   1.5  通过   258
上述栏“缝是否通过Suter测试?”指形成的缝是否能够承受压力为0.13巴的水达至少4分钟。所有的实施例都通过了该Suter测试,由此是防水的。
上述栏“缝强度”指焊接缝的缝强度。认为约200N的值对于服装内的织物缝就很好了。
实施例1-2和6-10的未加工的焊接缝(没有任何增强物)显示出:缝强度随叠压物重量增大而增高。
实施例3-5使用增强物,导致所用的重量较低叠压物具有高缝强度。
定义和测试程序
功能层:使用的该“功能层”术语表示这样的层,它既防水、又透水汽。该功能层优选包含防水的透水汽的薄膜。
叠压物:使用的该“叠压物”术语表示功能层与至少一个织物层的结合起来的组合体(两层叠压物)。也有三层叠压物,其中另一层织物层被结合到功能层的与第一织物层相反的面上。
纱线:说明书中使用的术语“纱线”指:制成织物的连续的股状材料。它包括:纱股、长丝、纤维等。
外面:术语“外面”指:包括本发明焊接缝的组合体或制品的一侧,它构成衣服的可看见的外层。
内侧:术语“内侧”指:包括本发明焊接缝的组合体或制品的一侧,它构成衣服的内面,并朝向衣服的穿戴者。
缝:术语“缝”指:至少两片材料之间的连接(结合)。缝的多余部分指:焊接后通过裁切而除去的缝部分,所述裁切包括挤压。
边:术语“边”指:叠压物的外界限或边界。如果至少第一边和第二边面对面放置,而结合起来,就形成一个边区域。术语“切边”限定由裁切形成的边的表面。
密封强度测试
密封强度测试根据EN/ISO13935进行。为了测得密封强度,从实施例的可充气模块沿加工方向和横向切出样品,重复三次。样品长20cm,密封在中央。密封长8cm,与拉伸轴垂直。将样品安装到Instron型#1122机上,该机装有气动压板的夹具,牢牢地夹住样品。十字头以200mm/min的速度延伸移动,直至样品断裂。记录断裂负荷和断裂伸长。将加工方向和横向的平均值进行平均,记录在表1中。
叠压物/缝的厚度
根据ASTM D1777-64(1975年批准),采用所谓的Snap Gauge方法,采用Peacock20-360 Snap Gauge(M-213)测试仪。使用至少5.08×5.08cm的样品,在测试前,将样品调节为24±2℃、65±2%相对湿度。测试仪的压脚降低到样品上,不要发生挤压。5秒后,读数。在使用的采样模式中,测试了5个样品,将5次结果平均,计算标准偏差。
织物重量
织物重量采用直径为8.9cm的圆形样品测试,在测试前,将样品调节为24±2℃、65±2%相对湿度。在使用的采样模式中,测试了5个样品,将5次结果平均,计算标准偏差。可以使用任何精确度达到0.01g的、具有防风盖的天平。该测试方法细节在ASTM D 3776-96 Option C中有描述。
透水汽性
本文所述的透水汽性指:水汽传导率(Ret)为150(m2Pa)/W以下。水汽传导率采用Hohenstein MDM干法测试,该方法在1987年9月、编号为No.BPI1.4、由德国Bekleidungsphysiologisches Instituts e.V.Hohenstein发行的“StandardPrufvorschrift(标准测试规则)”中有说明。
防水性
本文所述的防水性指:抗水渗透性(抗静水性)0.13巴或更大。该测试在叠压物上以这样的方式实施:将面积为100cm2的叠压物的测试样品置于增大的水压下。为此,使用温度为20±2℃的蒸馏水,水压的增大速率为60±3cmH2O/min。然后,样品的抗水渗透性就是水出现在样品背面时的压力。实施该测试的方法在1981年的ISO标准No.811中给出。
该测试在缝上由所谓的Suter测试来实施,该测试中,包含缝的叠压物的测试样品在夹持器上被拉伸。将温度为20±2℃的蒸馏水、在0.13巴的压力下,放置到缝的一面上,将测试样品留置至少4分钟。采用黑色纸巾检查缝的另一面,看水是否会透过缝。
对本发明的样品采用改进的Suter测试仪测试防水性,它具有低的入水压。水被强制压向直径为11.25cm的样品的下侧面,该样品被两个压紧的圆形橡胶垫密封。安装该样品,将织物的机织物面向下朝向水,具有条状缝的针织层在最上面。重要的是,防泄漏的密封由夹紧装置、垫和样品形成。在可变形的样品中,样品被一个夹在样品上方的增强的稀洋纱(即敞开的非织造织物)所覆盖。具有条状缝的样品的上表面是敞开的,通向大气,能被操作者看到。通过连接到水源的泵,将样品下方的水压增大到2磅/英寸2(0.14kg/cm2),由压力表指示,并由串联阀调节。目力观察样品的上表面1分钟,看是否有在防水性不足的情形下,有任何透过样品的水出现。在防水性测试中,如果在表面上看到液态水,说明没有通过测试。如果1分钟的测试期间内,在样品的上表面上没有看到液态水,说明样品通过了测试。
缝的宽度
沿样品的长度,在三个位置测试宽度,并平均,得到该样品的缝宽度。测试三个样品,计算三次测试结果的平均值。采用同一个标尺,以毫米为单位,测量最接近的宽度值。

Claims (46)

1.一种通过形成焊接缝(80)结合至少两片防水叠压物的方法,该方法包括:
(a)提供至少两个防水叠压物(1a、1b),每个叠压物包含至少一个叠压到织物层(30)上的防水功能层(50),该织物层(30)包含至少一种第一组分和第二组分,第一组分在第一温度下是稳定的,第二组分在第二温度下熔融,其中第一温度比第二温度高,每个叠压物具有至少一个边(60a、60b);
(b)将至少两个叠压物放在一起,使织物层彼此接触,而且一个叠压物(1a)中的至少一个边(60a)与至少一个其它叠压物(1b)的至少一个边(60b)对齐,形成一个边区域(65);
(c)在第二组分的熔融温度范围内的、并低于第一温度的温度下,将所述边区域(65)焊接并压到一起,使第二组分熔融,并在片之间形成缝;
(d)切去缝的多余部分;
(e)将缝焊接并压在一起,使至少两个叠压物的所述边以边对边的平接定向方式重新定向。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述步骤(c)和步骤(d)同时实施。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述第二组分可以在160-230℃的温度下熔融。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述的第一组分在至少为180℃的温度下是稳定的。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述第一温度与第二温度之差至少为20℃。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述步骤(c)和(e)在同一温度下实施。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述步骤(c)在160-230℃的温度下进行。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述步骤(e)在160-230℃的温度下进行。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述步骤(c)和步骤(e)采用超声能进行。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述步骤(c)和步骤(e)以连续的方式进行。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述功能层(50)由膨胀聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)制成。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述缝(80)由至少一个增强物增强。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于所述增强物选自这样的材料,该材料包括:条、线、织物叠压物。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于所述的增强物选自这样的线,该线包含至少一种在160-230℃温度下熔融的组分。
15.一种焊接缝(80),它位于至少两片防水的叠压物(1a、1b)之间,所述缝由权利要求1所述方法获得。
16.一种制品,它包含许多片防水的叠压物,并具有至少一个焊接缝(80),该缝位于至少两个由权利要求1所述方法获得的片之间。
17.一个组合体,它是至少一个具有第一边(60a)的第一叠压物(1a)、和具有第二边(60b)的第二叠压物(1b),由边区域(65)内的焊接缝(80)结合起来的组合体;
所述每个叠压物包含:
第一层(50),它包含防水功能层,
第二织物层(30),它被叠压到所述第一层(50)上,并包含至少一种第一组分和第二组分,第一组分在第一温度下是稳定的,第二组分在第二温度下熔融,其中第一温度比第二温度高;
其中所述的缝(80)由每个叠压物的织物层的熔融的第二组分和非熔融的第一组分形成,第一边(60a)相对于第二边(60b)以基本上是边对边的平接定向方式定向。
18.如权利要求17所述的组合体,其特征在于每个叠压物(1a、1b)具有叠压物厚度,焊接缝(80)具有缝厚度,其中所述的缝厚度基本等于叠压物厚度。
19.如权利要求17所述的组合体,其特征在于所述焊接缝(80)基本上是非线性的。
20.如权利要求17所述的组合体,其特征在于所述焊接缝(80)的形式是具有至少一个曲率,以便形成三维组合体。
21.如权利要求17所述的组合体,其特征在于所述焊接缝(80)由至少一个增强物增强。
22.如权利要求21所述的组合体,其特征在于所述的增强物选自这样的材料,该材料包括条、线、织物叠压物。
23.如权利要求22所述的组合体,其特征在于所述的增强物选自这样的线,该线具有至少一种在160-230℃温度下熔融的组分。
24.如权利要求17所述的组合体,其特征在于所述的第二组分可以在160-230℃的温度下熔融。
25.如权利要求17所述的组合体,其特征在于所述的第一组分在至少为180℃的温度下是稳定的。
26.如权利要求17所述的组合体,其特征在于所述第一温度与第二温度之差至少为20℃。
27.如权利要求17所述的组合体,其特征在于所述缝(80)耐至少为0.07巴的入水压。
28.如权利要求17所述的组合体,其特征在于所述缝(80)耐至少为0.13巴的入水压。
29.如权利要求17所述的组合体,其特征在于所述缝(80)的宽度小于0.25cm。
30.如权利要求17所述的组合体,其特征在于所述第二织物层(30)包含许多纱线,该纱线的形式是纱股、长丝、线或纤维。
31.如权利要求30所述的组合体,其特征在于至少一种纱线具有双组分结构,包含第一组分和第二组分。
32.如权利要求31所述的组合体,其特征在于所述纱线具有鞘-芯结构,第二组分形成鞘层。
33.如权利要求31所述的组合体,其特征在于所述纱线具有“并列型”结构。
34.权利要求17所述的组合体,其特征在于所述的第二层(30)是针织的、机织的或非机织的织物层。
35.如权利要求17所述的组合体,其特征在于所述的第一组分选自这样的聚合物,该聚合物包括:聚酯、聚酰胺、纤维素或蛋白质纤维。
36.如权利要求17所述的组合体,其特征在于所述的第一组分是聚酰胺6.6。
37.如权利要求17所述的组合体,其特征在于所述的第二组分是热塑性的。
38.如权利要求17所述的组合体,其特征在于所述的第二组分选自热塑性的材料,包括共聚酯、聚酰胺、共聚酰胺、和聚烯烃。
39.如权利要求17所述的组合体,其特征在于所述的第二组分是聚丙烯。
40.如权利要求17所述的组合体,其特征在于所述的第二组分是聚酰胺6。
41.如权利要求17所述的组合体,其特征在于所述的第二组分采用超声能熔融。
42.如权利要求17所述的组合体,其特征在于所述的缝(80)连续地形成。
43.如权利要求17所述的组合体,其特征在于所述的功能层(50)是薄膜或膜。
44.如权利要求17所述的组合体,其特征在于所述的功能层(50)选自这样的材料,包括:聚酯、聚酰胺、聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯、聚酮、聚砜、聚碳酸酯、含氟聚合物、聚丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯、共聚醚酯、和共聚醚酰胺。
45.如权利要求17所述的组合体,其特征在于所述的功能层(50)由膨胀聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)制成。
46.一种服装,它由权利要求17所述的组合体制成。
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EP1714567A2 (en) 2006-10-25
WO2005000055A1 (en) 2005-01-06
EP1714566A3 (en) 2007-09-05
KR20060023557A (ko) 2006-03-14
KR101097576B1 (ko) 2011-12-22
EP1491105A1 (en) 2004-12-29
ES2274143T3 (es) 2007-05-16
DE60309148D1 (de) 2006-11-30
CN100508805C (zh) 2009-07-08
ATE342674T1 (de) 2006-11-15
EP1714567A3 (en) 2007-09-19
DE60309148T2 (de) 2007-09-06
EP1714566A2 (en) 2006-10-25
US20060165939A1 (en) 2006-07-27
EP1491105B1 (en) 2006-10-18

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