CN1211466A - 补充反应器氧的直接注入稳态涡流系统 - Google Patents

补充反应器氧的直接注入稳态涡流系统 Download PDF

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CN1211466A
CN1211466A CN98119180A CN98119180A CN1211466A CN 1211466 A CN1211466 A CN 1211466A CN 98119180 A CN98119180 A CN 98119180A CN 98119180 A CN98119180 A CN 98119180A CN 1211466 A CN1211466 A CN 1211466A
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艾伦·T·Y·郑
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Abstract

一种向用空气氧化或用其它方法使用空气的反应混合物有效提供补充氧的方法,其中搅拌该反应混合物以便产生一个或多个稳态涡流、向反应器容器的稳态涡流注入氧,并使空气泡在反应器容器中的反应混合物内和注入氧气的稳态涡流或多个稳态涡流的外面循环。

Description

补充反应器氧的直接注入稳态涡流系统
技术领域
本发明一般涉及使用由空气供应氧的反应，如氧化或发酵反应，更具体地说，涉及在搅拌的反应器容器内进行的反应。
背景技术
在许多的有机氧化和发酵工艺过程中，使用能提供氧源的空气。为了提高生产率，可以增加流入反应器容器中的空气，除此之外，还可减小反应混合物中形成的空气泡尺寸，如借助于叶轮或涡轮的作用，增加流入反应器的空气可以增加对氧化或发酵反应有效的氧气量，而尺寸较小的空气泡可提高空气泡的表面积与体积的比值，借此可用来提高来自空气泡的氧在反应混合物的溶解以及随后的反应的传质速率。
然而，通入反应器多少空气是有限制的，因为，超过某一流速，会使叶轮充斥气体。
为了解决这个难题，可向反应器供应氧气以补充空气。因为从市场上买到的氧气氧浓度数倍于空气，所以为提供补充基本空气可比水平的附加氧，只需使用的补充氧体积，与用另外的方法所需的附加空气体积相比低得多。这一点有助于解决充斥问题，尤其是在离供应空气的叶轮有一段距离处向反应混合物中提供补充氧的时候。
然而空气是比较便宜的，所以氧的使用会使氧化或发酵工艺成本提高。减轻这种较高成本的一种方法是改进补充氧的使用效率，达到这一点的一种手段是减小反应混合物中氧气泡与空气泡聚结形成富氧空气大气泡的倾向。典型地做法是在离开向反应混合物提供空气有一段距离处向反应混合物提供补充氧。
因此可以明白由于若干理由，采用氧气来补充作为反应源氧的空气的工业化氧化或发酵反应工艺，往反应器提供氧是在离开提供空气有一段距离处，因而是在离开用来打碎空气流成为较小气泡的叶轮有一段距离处。往反应混合物提供这种补充氧通常是在反应器容器内部的下游区域中，以保证提供的氧远离上升的空气泡。
尽管这种常规系统能有效地免除氧与空气的聚结，但该系统在很大程度上消除了使用补充氧的优点，使这种方法形成其固有的缺点。就离开提供空气有一段距离处向反应器提供补充氧而言，反应器内的循环作用由于设法在反应混合物的下游区内升起的补充氧气泡的制动作用而降低。这就使工艺的整个效率都降低。此外，即使使用向下抽吸的叶轮，氧气泡在湍流混合的反应器内也会很快地逸散至反应混合物的表面上。这样在远离引入空气的反应器底部注入氧气会降低对氧溶解有用的停留时间。
因此，本发明的目的在于提供一种往用于氧化或发酵场合下的反应混合物中供给补充氧也向其中供给空气的改进方法。
发明概述
基于阅读本发明公开上述和其它目的由本发明予以实现对本领域的技术人员来说将是明显的。本发明在于：
往反应混合物提供补充氧的方法，该方法包括：
(A)往盛有反应混合物的反应器容器中提供空气，并且使呈空气泡形状的空气在反应混合物内通过；
(B)搅拌该反应混合物以产生静态涡流；
(C)以氧气泡的形式直接往静态涡流中供给氧；和
(D)氧气由氧气泡中流出，并溶入反应混合物中。
本文所用的术语“氧”意指含有至少70％摩尔氧分子的流体。
本文所用的术语“静态涡流”意指在液体旋转体的中心点上几乎没有或完全没有横向或轴向移动的液体旋转体。当液体靠着机械搅拌系统运动但不偏移时，由于反应器几何图形的抑制作用会使稳态涡流形成稳定的旋转运动。稳态涡流确实在旋转，但对比由叶轮诱发的紧靠稳态涡流外侧快速运动的液体，其线性或切线速度是低的。稳态涡流不同于其它类型的涡流，差别在于它不约束在液体表面、叶轮或挡板上。
本文所使用的涉及反应器容器的术语“底部”意指反应器容器，最低搅拌器的下边。
附图的简要说明
唯一的一幅图是用于实施本发明的一个反应器容器横截面图。
详细说明
本发明可有利的用于完成大量的氧化或发酵反应。例如，在发酵反应情况下，反应混合物或发酵肉汤通常含水、营养物或可发酵的成分如玉米糖浆、糖蜜和葡萄糖以及生物试剂如细菌、真菌和酵母。发酵混合物还可含有添加剂如防沫剂、硝酸盐、pH调节化学药品和诸如此类。由本发明方法产生的发酵产品包括抗生素如青霉素、红霉素和四环素，有机化学药品如乙醇、山梨醇和香茅醇，有机酸如柠檬酸、洒石酸和乳酸，氨基酸如左旋-赖氨酸和谷氨酸单钠盐，多糖如发面酵母和汉生胶，维生素如抗坏血酸和核黄素，以及其它的产品包括酶、杀虫剂、生物碱、激素、颜料、甾族化合物、疫苗、干扰素和胰岛素。本发明还可用于液相氧化反应，其实例包括甲苯氧化成苯甲酸、对二甲苯氧化成对甲苯甲酸，经氢醌氧化生产过氧化氢、甲苯氧化成苯酚以及对二甲苯氧化成对苯二酸。
现参照附图对本发明作更详细的描述。
附图说明盛有反应混合物2的反应器容器1，所述混合物至少含有一种与氧反应或用其它的方法使用氧的成分。本发明将会发现更多的应用，在其实例中反应混合物具有高粘度，如在100-1500厘泊的范围内，尽管反应混合物的粘度低到0.5厘泊时也能有效地使用本发明。反应混合物优选粘度在100-1000厘泊范围内。为简化起见，与反应器1有关的流体入口和出口管未予以说明。
反应器1里面的反应混合物2通过旋转的搅拌器搅拌，该搅拌器包括在来自马达4的动力下旋转的纵向转轴3。与纵向转轴3连接的是许多侧向轮辐5，而与它们连接的是叶片或叶轮6。当叶轮以圆周运动的形式旋转通过反应器容器内部时，反应混合物向外被推向反应器容器的侧壁和向内推向反应器容器的中心轴。反应混合物这种横向运动在各叶轮6的上方和下方均能引起小稳态涡流7的形成。反应混合物的横向运动还能引起反应混合物纵向循环，沿着中心轴向上和沿着反应器1的侧壁向下。
往反应器容器供应空气，优选在该反应器容器的底部，如通过分布器8。在如附图所举例说明的径向流动叶轮的情况下，来自分布器8所形成的空气泡9立即被抽吸进入旋转的叶轮中。当大空气泡绕过水平旋转的叶轮边缘时，它们就被打碎成为较小的气泡。典型的空气泡平均直径在1-10mm范围内。由于周边反应流体围绕着由周边液流箭头10表示的各稳态涡流流动，所以较小的空气泡沿着反应器容器的中心轴和围绕着各稳态涡流的周边向上流动进入反应混合物中，然而再进入纵向圆形液流的反应混合物中。来自空气泡的氧分子通过并溶入反应混合物中，在那里氧分子与反应混合物的一种或多种成分发生反应或在不同情况下为所述成分所使用。挟带空气泡进入在反应器容器中心和侧壁上流动的纵向循环反应混合物中，以及各稳态涡流周围的反应混合物周边液流10，使大部分的、优选基本上是全部的空气泡不进入稳态涡流中。然而，一些空气，例如高达约20％的空气可能进入稳态涡流，也无损于本发明的实施。最佳实施方案是，使基本上所有的空气不进入注入氧气的一个或多个稳态涡流中。
氧注入反应器容器内，优选在底部，如通过分布器11，直接进入一个或多个稳态涡流7中。氧气以氧气泡的形式注入稳态涡流中，其平均直径等于或小于空气泡的平均直径，并且最好是在0.1-10mm的范围内。由于在稳态涡流内的氧气泡不会因叶轮而被破碎成为较小的气泡，所以氧分布器喷嘴必须小于空气分布器喷嘴，以便氧气一经注入液体就能立即形成小的氧气泡。因为所需氧的体积总是少于空气的体积，所以这是可能的。氧分子从氧气泡中流出，溶解进入反应混合物中，再与反应混合物中的一种或多种成分反应或在不同情况下为所述成分所使用。通过把氧直接注入稳态涡流并使氧气泡在稳态涡流里保持直到基本上所有的氧分子都溶解进入反应混合物为止，只有非常少的氧与空气泡聚结，从而使氧可有效地被送至使用的反应混合物中。氧和空气相互可前后紧接着提供给反应器容器，因此氧和空气可同在反应器容器的底部提供，而不会遇到以前曾试图对这两种注入方案中任何一种进行试验所出现的效率下降或充斥气体的问题。
提供下面的内容是为了举例说明本发明并证明由本发明所能获得的优点。不是用来对本发明的限制。
类似于附图所说明的10000加仑反应器容器，用于完成发酵反应以生产抗生素。在第一对比例中，如表I、A栏所示，供给发酵用的氧气仅通过以每分钟1000标准立方英尺流速(scfm)的空气流入反应器。在第二对比例中，如表I、B栏所示、重复工艺过程并用与空气混合在一起流入反应器的氧补充空气。在本发明的实施例中，如图所示，重复该工艺过程但使用的氧是在离开供给空气的地点是有段距离流入反应器的，并且是把氧直接送入最下面的稳态涡流中。该实施例的数据列于表I、C栏中。
                            表I
                   A                B               C
来自空气的O2 210.0scfm 210.0scfm 210.0scfm
纯O2 0.0scfm 110.0scfm 110.0scfm
排出的O2 179.3scfm 273.3scfm 256.1scfm
消耗的O2 30.7scfm  46.7scfm 63.9scfm
总效率 14.6％ 14.6％ 20.0％
纯O2利用率 0％ 14.6％ 30.2％
O2的摄入率 34mmoles/hr 44mmoler/hr 60mmoler/hr
从表I所列结果可见，对比流入反应器的气体体积仅提高约50％和仅有空气的情况，就本发明实施而言能使不止两倍量的氧分子起反应。此外，对比向反应混合物提供等量空气和氧但采用常规方式的情况B，本发明方法能在用于反应中的氧数量上有37％的改进。
尽管己参照一些最佳实施方案详细地阐述了本发明，但所属领域的技术人员将会认识到在权利要求书的精神和范围内还存在着本发明其它的实施方案。

Claims (10)

1．往反应混合物中供应补充氧的方法包括：
(A)把空气供给盛有反应混合物的反应器容器中，并且使空气呈空气泡的形式在反应混合物内通过；
(B)搅拌反应混合物以便产生稳态涡流；
(C)以氧气泡的形式直接往稳态涡流提供氧；和
(D)氧气由氧气泡流出，并溶入反应混合物中。
2．权利要求1所述的方法，其中氧气泡的平均直径小于空气泡的平均直径。
3．权利要求1所述的方法，其中反应混合物的粘度范围从100到1000厘泊。
4．权利要求1所述的方法，其中在反应器容器的底部往该反应器容器提供空气和氧气。
5．权利要求1所述的方法，其中反应混合物经受氧化作用。
6．权利要求1所述的方法，其中反应混合物经受发酵反应。
7．权利要求1所述的方法，其中基本上所有的空气泡都不进入其中注入氧的稳态涡流中。
8．权利要求1所述的方法，其中产生许多稳态涡流。
9．权利要求8所述的方法，其中许多稳态涡流在反应器容器内沿垂直方向分布。
10．权利要求8所述的方法，其中向不止一个稳态涡流提供氧。
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