CN1200800C - 无光泽热成型薄片或薄膜的压轧方法 - Google Patents

无光泽热成型薄片或薄膜的压轧方法 Download PDF

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CN1200800C
CN1200800C CNB011216921A CN01121692A CN1200800C CN 1200800 C CN1200800 C CN 1200800C CN B011216921 A CNB011216921 A CN B011216921A CN 01121692 A CN01121692 A CN 01121692A CN 1200800 C CN1200800 C CN 1200800C
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wheel
film
thin slice
net grain
product
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CN1334185A (zh
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L·D·萨维尔
A·A·迪尔兹
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Bayer Corp
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Miles Inc
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/22Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length
    • B29C43/24Calendering
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/22Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length
    • B29C43/222Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length characterised by the shape of the surface
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/52Heating or cooling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C59/00Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C59/02Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing
    • B29C59/04Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing using rollers or endless belts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29DPRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D7/00Producing flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
    • B29D7/01Films or sheets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2069/00Use of PC, i.e. polycarbonates or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0018Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
    • B29K2995/0024Matt surface
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2007/00Flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24355Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31507Of polycarbonate

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种压轧一薄片或薄膜的方法,该薄片或薄膜具有至少一个网纹表面,该网纹表面必需有聚合树脂,其通过一个刚性轮和一个弹性轮之间的轧面,通过使网纹表面在弹性轮周围旋转,降低了网纹表面的冷却率,该冷却率是相对网纹表面在所述刚性轮周围旋转的方法而言。这样生产出的产品适合于制造具有低光泽度的热成型制品。

Description

无光泽热成型薄片或薄膜的压轧方法
技术领域
本发明涉及热塑性薄膜,尤其涉及一种生产具有可控表面光泽度薄膜的方法。
背景技术
在对整个热塑性薄膜挤压和随后压轧过程中,为了保持薄片材料宽度方向具有相对统一的压力以及补偿一对合作滚轮之间的轧面的薄片在厚度上的变化,常常用到至少一个具有相当弹性表面的滚轮。虽然在某些情况下,可能用到两个面对面的弹性滚轮,但一般使用一个弹性轮和一个刚性轮如钢轮的结合。这样的结合通常用于经特别处理过的薄片,或具有压花表面和/或磨光表面的薄膜。正如在此所述,术语“网纹”与薄片表面有关,包括网纹表面和高光泽度表面。
美国专利文献4,211,743和5,076,987公开了与压轧薄片有关的装置和滚轮,在此借作参考。在本文中,具有弹性表面的滚轮被称作橡胶轮,因为它们常常都具有靠着母模面的综合树脂层,如非硬化橡胶,热塑性材料,或硅脂。橡胶轮的设计要考虑到使薄片具有一个高度磨光或特别结构的表面。美国专利3,539,671;3,619,446;4,190,684;4,368,240已公开了这样的滚轮,在此也借作参考。刚性轮如现有的钢轮,包括镀金,镀铬和磨光钢轮都很出名,并已广泛用于工业上。同样,用这样的滚轮加工薄片的方法也已公开。
在现有方法中,被挤出的薄片,网纹,或薄膜首先都被引导到位于一套合作旋转的刚性轮和弹性轮之间的轧面中。通过轧面时,薄片表面凸起或呈网纹状,然后在刚性轮周围旋转,快速冷却,最后选择性地经过至少一个附加后轮。
在图1中,1表示附加刚性轮,2表示一刚性轮,3表示一弹性轮。4表示一自挤出模中出来的网纹表面-未示出。滚轮按着图示方向绕其轴旋转。
与现有技术一致,网纹表面在温度大约为530至600°F时离开薄膜模,被导入弹性轮3和刚性轮2之间的间隙中。然后,当经过轮2下和轮1上时冷却下来,最后作为最终产品收集起来。轮3的位置,材料和表面特性决定了最终产品的下表面特性。在现有技术中,橡胶轮3表面温度达到200至250°F。附图中刚性轮2决定了最终产品的上表面特性。在现有技术中,刚性轮2的表面可以是磨光钢轮或者镀铬,也可是结构钢。其表面温度大约210至230°F。附加轮1是一个典型刚性钢轮1,其表面磨光或镀铬;其工作时表面温度低于350°F,最好在275至300°F。用轮1的目的:对于较厚薄膜来说,加快冷却速度,由于热通过聚合物到冷却轮2的传送率太慢,以至于轮2不能完全获得必要的冷却。对于较薄薄膜来说,它实际上把一部分热反送给产品,因为轮2能如此完全地冷却薄膜,以至于轮1上的再热可改善产品的整体光泽度。滚轮从冷却到加热功能的过渡取决于薄膜的厚度和薄膜在轮上的停留时间,也就是说取决于直线速度和滚轮直径。
在现有技术中,薄膜进入第一个轧面,其位于轮2和3之间,当它经过轧面时很快接触轮3的表面。然后薄膜包围轮2周围约90至270°F,最后传递到轮1上。
人们早就意识到当具有网纹表面的薄膜到随后的加热过程中,如在热成型过程中,常常会弯曲或至少失去一些网纹,成品表面光泽度变得不合需要。
本发明对处理网纹热塑性材料的现有技术进一步改善。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于对制造具有网纹表面的薄膜的方法进行改进。本发明中的网纹薄膜的表面稳定性更好。热变形过程,或者,为此目的的任何连续热处理,都不容易毁坏压延赋予薄膜的表面特性。
本发明揭示了一种压轧一薄片或薄膜的方法,该薄片或薄膜具有至少一个网纹表面,该网纹表面必需有聚合树脂,其通过一个刚性轮和一个弹性轮之间的轧面。本发明通过使网纹表面在弹性轮周围旋转,降低了网纹表面的冷却率,该冷却率的降低是相对网纹表面在所述刚性轮周围旋转的方法而言。这样生产出的产品适合制造具有低光泽度的热成型制品。
特别是,本发明提出一种压轧一产品的方法,该产品选自薄片和薄膜,该薄片和薄膜具有至少一个网纹表面,使聚合树脂网通过一个刚性轮和一个弹性轮之间的间隙,改进之处包括:通过在约275°F至约350°F的温度将一网纹表面绕所述弹性轮滚动,降低该网纹表面的冷却率,该冷却率是相对于在约200°F至约250°F的温度绕所述刚性轮滚动的一相应网纹表面的冷却而言的。
附图说明
图1显示了现有技术的示意图。
图2显示了对现有技术进行了改善的本发明的示意图。
具体实施方式
图2显示了对现有技术进行了改善的本发明,其中,从轧面中出来的压花网纹表面被使得在一个旋转的弹性橡胶轮周围旋转。
薄膜4离开如上述现有技术的薄膜模,进入轮2和3之间的间隙,如附图中标注,经过轮3下和轮1上,尔后作为最终产品收集。本发明不同于现有技术的地方在于,轮3和2的相对位置和它们的表面温度。轮2和3位置如图所示,轮3工作时表面温度估计为275至350°F,在理想技术中,中间轮3尽可能热,然而又凉得足以从轮释放,并传到轮1。因为橡胶轮的释放特性与钢轮大不相同,中间橡胶轮的温度通常都高于同一位置的钢轮。钢轮2通常在200至250°F的温度范围内运转。
当薄膜包覆在轮3周围时,由于弹性轮的热传送特性,它比起在现有技术冷却得更慢。虽然本发明者并不对本发明实践中产生这些优点的技术原因作任何特别的说明,但是要建议的是,低冷却率可以让薄膜在温度降到融点以下之前,承受较大程度的应力消除。所以本发明薄片由于较大的松弛就具有了好的热稳定性。
有利地是,本发明使用了各种综合的热塑性材料,包括苯乙烯/丙烯腈的共聚物,硝酸纤维素,丙烯,聚乙烯,醋酸纤维素,丙烯酸酯,醋丁酸,聚苯乙烯,聚碳酸酯,聚酯,聚砜和聚氯乙烯,以及类似材料。最好的树脂是聚碳酸酯。
实验情况
经过与现有技术生产的热成型薄膜的光泽比较,可得出本发明优点所在。现有技术中,滚轮如图1所示布置。传统方法生产的聚碳酸酯薄膜的光泽度大约是4.0至4.5,滚轮的温度如下:
滚轮1=285°F,滚轮2=220°F和滚轮3=225°F。
经过传统热变形,薄膜光泽度值大于20。
以本发明的方法生产薄膜,如图2所示布置滚轮,各个滚轮的表面温度如下:滚轮1=280°F,滚轮2=300-325°F,滚轮3=200°F,在成型之前的光泽度是约2.8至3.5,成型后光泽度为3.5至4.5。
虽然上文中详细描述了本发明,但可以理解的是,这些细节并不是达到目的的唯一,本领域技术人员不脱离本发明精神和范围作出的变化,也都要受权利要求限制。

Claims (5)

1.一种压轧一产品的方法,该产品选自薄片和薄膜,该薄片和薄膜具有至少一个网纹表面,使聚合树脂网通过一个刚性轮和一个弹性轮之间的间隙,改进之处包括:通过在约275°F至约350°F的温度将一网纹表面绕所述弹性轮滚动,降低该网纹表面的冷却率,该冷却率是相对于在约200°F至约250°F的温度绕所述刚性轮滚动的一相应网纹表面的冷却而言的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:产品是一薄膜。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:产品是一薄片。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:聚合树脂选自苯乙烯/丙烯腈的共聚物,硝酸纤维素,丙烯,聚乙烯,醋酸纤维素,丙烯酸酯,醋丁酸,聚苯乙烯,聚碳酸酯,聚酯,聚砜和聚氯乙烯。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于:聚合树脂是聚碳酸酯。
CNB011216921A 2000-05-12 2001-05-12 无光泽热成型薄片或薄膜的压轧方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1200800C (zh)

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US09/569639 2000-05-12
US09/569,639 US6565787B1 (en) 2000-05-12 2000-05-12 Non-glossing thermoformed film

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KR100695375B1 (ko) 2007-03-15
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KR20010104272A (ko) 2001-11-24
CA2346444C (en) 2009-09-29
US6565787B1 (en) 2003-05-20
JP2002052609A (ja) 2002-02-19
EP1153722A3 (en) 2002-10-23
MXPA01004765A (es) 2002-06-04
CA2346444A1 (en) 2001-11-12

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