CN1200071A - 玻璃纤维保温组件的封装方法 - Google Patents

玻璃纤维保温组件的封装方法 Download PDF

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CN1200071A
CN1200071A CN96197727A CN96197727A CN1200071A CN 1200071 A CN1200071 A CN 1200071A CN 96197727 A CN96197727 A CN 96197727A CN 96197727 A CN96197727 A CN 96197727A CN 1200071 A CN1200071 A CN 1200071A
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K·D·纳普
C·R·道内利
H·J·罗宾斯
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    • E04B1/767—Blankets or batts with connecting flanges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2709/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2703/00 - B29K2707/00, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
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Abstract

在矿物纤维芯的顶面加上一层覆盖材料而制成封装玻璃纤维保温件,覆盖材料一直伸展到与侧面邻接。覆盖材料的宽度大于顶面和两个侧面宽度之总和,因而其裙边将伸展到芯的外面,在矿物纤维芯的下面造成一个真空,以将伸到侧面以外的覆盖材料吸到芯子的下面。

Description

玻璃纤维保温组件的封装方法
                    发明背景
1.发明领域
本发明涉及用包括矿物纤维毡和粘在其顶面的贴面、以形成保温组件的那类建筑物保温层的制造方法。
由矿物纤维，最常用的是玻璃纤维，制成的保温毡是众所周知的，它很早已被用于建筑物的保温。矿物纤维毡的厚度一般与保温效果保温的“R值”成正比，当然厚度一定时其它一些因素也会影响保温的R-值。把通常由牛皮纸做的贴面用含沥青的材料粘在矿物纤维毡上面，以形成水蒸汽缓凝层。贴面通常都带裙边，它摊开时伸到矿物纤维毡的侧边以外，以保证墙筋之间，地面托梁之间，屋顶椽之间等处保温良好。毡多由玻璃纤维做成，且常用树脂类材料粘接在一起。这种保温毡通常在制成后经过压缩后包装，以求在贮藏和运输中产品的体积最小，也使得拿起来及安装时比较方便。开包后保温件很快就“蓬松”到标签标明的安装厚度。
这种保温件一般在两个侧面，两个端面，及一个或两个主面上有矿物纤维露在外面。外露的表面使得包装前的压缩过程中空气容易从保温毡中逸出，也使在安装场所开包后空气很快再进入毡中。但外露表面也给安装带来麻烦，因为人体接触后会引起不适，同时未粘牢的纤维和粉末可能散发到工作环境中。
在某些场合下人们已经制造出“封装型”保温组件。该组件有顶面，并且在底面覆盖着一种材料以减少与玻璃纤维的接触。制造这种保温组件时，将塑料薄层之类的封装材料覆盖在矿物纤维毡上面。封装材料的裙边用打卷和折叠材料的成形“导向板”和圆棒机械地“折叠到”矿物纤维毡下面。但是这样一来可能使封装材料折断，因而造成生产率下降，制造成本增加。本发明就是讨论与将封装材料裙边机械地翻摺到矿物纤维毡下面有关的问题。
                     发明概述
本发明提供一种还包含一封装材料网，如无纺布覆盖物的保温件的制造方法，其中的封装材料将矿物纤维毡的两个侧面和一个主面盖住，且与第一主面及至少一个侧面相贴。覆盖物最好至少部分地盖住第二主面，且用粘合剂与网相粘。
封装玻璃纤维保温件的制造方法包括，提供一个纵向伸展的矿物纤维芯，它有相对的主面、顶面和底面，相对的侧面和相对的端面，且在顶面上形成或覆盖有一层覆盖材料。覆盖材料伸展到与两个侧面邻接。另外，覆盖材料的宽度比顶面和两个侧面宽度加起来还要大，使得所形成的覆盖材料裙边能伸展到侧面以下。该方法还包括提供一个真空，以将覆盖材料吸到芯下面与底部主面邻接优选地，该方法还包括在邻近底部主面处提供贴面，并将贴面粘到底部主面上。在目前的优选实施例中，通过一个成网机在连续移动的玻璃纤维芯上形成一个连续的覆盖材料网。在顶面和两个侧面形成的覆盖材料最好由真空吸向芯，使得两者形状相一致。根据所用的覆盖及贴面材料类型，它们可以用胶粘到玻璃纤维芯上，或者如果它们是由适当的热塑料组成或包含一层热塑料，则可通过加热使贴面材料或贴面层软化而粘在玻璃纤维芯的相应表面上。所用的矿物纤维毡可以为常规的厚度或宽度，因而产品可以做成夹层形，卷筒形，薄片形等等。
                    附图简述
图1是已有的未经封装的保温组件的透视图，所示位置与实际倒置，
图2是从一端看图1所示保温组件的正视图，
图3是按本发明的方法制造的经封装的保温构件的透视图，图中只画了左翼片，右翼片(部分略去)与左翼片是镜象对称的，
图4是从一端看图3所示保温构件的正视图，但左翼片是象制造时那样折叠着的，右翼片则是伸直的，这是在安装时左右两翼片的样子，
图5是用已有的方法生产图1所示保温组件的侧示意图，
图6是用本发明方法生产图3所示保温组件的侧示意图，
图7是用于图6方法中的成网装置的顶视图，
图8是图7的成网装置的侧视图，
图9是图7的成网装置的前视图。
                        详细说明
用本发明的方法制备的保温组件可由普通矿物纤维毡或垫，例如，电玻璃熔料所形成的纤维做成的玻璃纤维垫来制造，并用苯酚甲醛聚脂之类的粘合剂进行处理。用于建筑物保温的保温组件中玻璃纤维的密度一般较低，大约在0.3-1.5磅/英尺3(4.8×10-3～2.4×10-2克/厘米3)。一般常用的牛皮纸贴面可以在一面涂以憎水的热塑材料，例如沥青。覆盖物可以选用涂了聚乙烯的牛皮纸或其它适当的贴面。涂层的用量最好足以形成对大部分水蒸汽的有效阻挡(或缓凝)，以将已涂敷的牛皮纸的水蒸汽渗透率降至百万分之一以下。热塑涂料的熔化或软化温度比安装产品时的温度要高得多，因而涂层不会软化，变得发粘，或者使贴面在制成后及运输、贮藏和使用过程中，从矿物纤维毡上滑下来或脱开。另一方面，熔化温度最好足够低，使得在保温件的制造过程中经涂敷的移动牛皮纸网上的涂料，能用普通方法方便而经济地熔化。
现在参看附图，各图中相同的数字代表同一元件，为了比较起见，图1给出了现有的未封装保温组件10的透视图。为便于说明，图中所示位置与制造时的位置倒置，即组件的实际底面(在制造中)是面朝上的，等等。保温组件10包括一个经苯酚甲醛聚脂粘接剂处理的低密度玻璃纤维毡或垫20，还有下主面或底面12，与之相对并大致平行的上主面或顶面14，一对相对并大致平行的侧面16和18，以及一对相对并大致平行的端面22和24，玻璃纤维的排列方向大致从一个端面22到另一个端面24，且平行于侧面16、18及主面12和14。保温组件10还有一层铺满玻璃纤维毡20整个底面12的底部贴面30(图1中只画出了贴面的一部分，以显露玻璃纤维毡20的部份底面12)。底部贴面30由牛皮纸做成，包括与玻璃纤维毡20的底面12同大小的中心部份29的一对接近贴面边36、38的翼片40、42。翼片40、42一般是向内折盖底部贴面30的中心部29(图中未表示)，但此处将它画成伸出玻璃纤维毡20的侧面16、18一个适当的位置，以保证保温组件10在安装时能位于墙筋之间，地面托梁之间，屋顶椽之间等处。
底部贴面30包括一层牛皮纸面32，牛皮纸面32一面上涂有沥青类材料34，从图2的端面正视图看得更清楚。这层沥青材料34用来将底部贴面30粘到玻璃纤维毡的底部或下主面12上，并且当保温组件10安装好后用作水蒸汽的阻挡或缓凝层。它还作为在翼片区域折叠贴面以提供两倍厚度的装置在底层贴面30就要放到或正在放到玻璃纤毡20的底面12上时，它应处于加热状态，使得沥青软化。沥青层冷却后就将底部贴面30紧贴在玻璃纤维毡20上。
与此相反，本发明提供了封装玻璃纤维组件的方法，如图3的透视图和图4的端面正视图所示。封装保温组件50包括一个上层或顶部贴面或覆盖物52，该覆盖层包着玻璃纤维毡20的两个侧面16和18以及顶面14。靠近玻璃纤维毡侧面16和18处，在底部贴面30和玻璃纤维毡20之间还形成顶层贴面52的两个侧面裙边54。覆盖层50最好用无纺布材料网做成。所谓无纺布材料就是无序排列的天然或合成纤维，例如多烯烃，聚脂或人造纤维等，它们有时用丙烯酸树脂，乙烯基丙烯酸树脂之类的聚合物作成的粘合剂粘接在一起。无纺布材料可以是，例如纺粘型聚酯或聚烯烃或热粘型聚丙烯。最好用例如热熔料粘合剂之类的粘接材料将无纺布覆盖层50紧粘在玻璃纤维垫的至少一部份面积上，粘合剂是在覆盖层50即将放到玻璃纤维毡20上之前，加到覆盖层网50或保温侧面16和18及顶面14的一部分上的。
还有一种选择，就是用聚乙烯一类的整块塑料薄片或薄膜来做盖面40。可将整块塑料膜金属化，例如做成铝化聚乙烯等。如果用整块塑料膜作覆盖层40，最好在上面开些槽或孔，该工序或者在薄膜制造过程或者在保温组件10的生产过程中进行，以便在运输前进行包装而压缩保温组件10时空气容易进出玻璃纤维垫20，同时在安装现场开包打开保温组件10并切成适当尺寸时组件能“蓬松”起来。当不希望具有水蒸汽缓凝特性时，在塑料膜上开孔也能使潮气有一个必要的通导量。
从图2和图4可看到，通常在制造中是将底部贴面30的裙边36和38折叠起来，以增加侧翼片40、42的厚度和强度，这适合于安装时用U型钉或普通钉子将保温组件10钉在墙筋，屋顶椽或地板托梁上。制造过程中通常将这些翼片折叠起来压在底部贴面30上，如图4中所示的左翼片40，底部贴面30的翼片40和42很容易被折叠。如果安装需要，以后可以将这些翼片打开，如图4中所示的右翼片42，以便用机械将保温组件粘在需要的位置。
图5为用现有技术生产保温组件的过程示意图。进料传送带104把按普通方法制成的连续玻璃纤维毡或垫11送到热滚102上；与此同时涂有沥青的连续牛皮纸网31被送到热滚102和玻璃纤维垫11之间。牛皮纸网是由装在支架100上的滚子101传送后借助图6中的滚子120涂覆沥青的，中间通过一个压紧器108将纸网31绷紧。此外，在纸网31贴到玻璃纤维垫11的底面之前，其外表面可在标记工作台111打上供识别的信息，例如玻璃纤维垫的R值及生产批号。最好在纸网即将接触热滚102前，将其裙边折叠起来形成翼片40和42(见图1)。纸网31的方向，使涂有沥青的一面对着玻璃纤维毡11的底面。温度的选择最好使热量足以将沥青涂层软化，使涂有沥青的牛皮纸粘在玻璃纤维垫11的下表面，形成带贴面的玻璃纤维垫13。通过牵引器106将带贴面的玻璃纤维垫从热滚102处拉到轧刀112处，定期地将带贴面的玻璃纤维垫13切成保温组件10。这样制成的保温组件10然后被传送到包装设备处(图中未示出)。
图6是生产图3所示的封装保温构件50的本发明方法的示意图。按普通方法制成的连续玻璃纤维垫11被一系列传送带(图中未示出)送到一个成网机170且通过该成网机。在目前采用的优选方案中，当玻玻纤维垫11即将通过成网机170之前，最好通过一系列喷胶器或喷雾嘴212，214向它的顶面和侧面喷上热熔料或其它适当的粘合剂。顶面喷胶器212最好将粘合剂喷成喷雾状，而侧面喷胶器最好将粘合剂喷成旋涡或其他状。最好选择所喷粘合剂的量和形状，以在切断和现状安装剪裁时尽量减少封装网从玻璃纤维垫上剥落下来。与此同时，要向成网机170提供封装材料网152。也可选择将粘合剂涂到封装材料152上而不涂到玻璃纤维垫11上，或者两者都涂上，封装材料网152是通过一个装在支架204上的封装材料滚子150来牵引的，支架204则位于玻璃纤维垫11上方的一个平台上，当封装材料152是非多孔性的时，则可采用穿孔器206定期在它上面穿孔，其目的将在下面说明。
封装材料网152的宽度应足以完全盖住玻璃纤维垫11的上主面和侧面，并部分地伸到垫的下主面以下。在成网机170处，玻璃纤维垫11的顶面和侧面上都形成一层封装材料网152。封装材料网152的长度盖过玻璃纤维垫11每个侧面，并通过在成网机170处形成真空被吸到玻璃纤维垫11的下面。这个真空也使得网152的形状与玻璃纤维垫11相一致，因而减少了材料松散和起皱的可能性。
当封装材料150是非多孔性的时，用打孔器206在网上穿孔有助于将网摊平在玻璃纤维垫上，当封装材料在成网机170处盖到或包到玻璃纤维垫上时，就在垫的侧面附近形成一系列孔。紧接着封装材料网152的侧面被压到玻璃纤维垫11下面之后，玻璃纤维垫11就通过热滚102与涂有粘合剂的底部贴面30相接触，而形成封装玻璃纤维垫15。根据对制成品的不同要求，涂有粘合剂的底部贴面30可能就是或包含一层水蒸汽缓凝层。
上述封装玻璃纤维垫15的底面最好如上所述地加上一层贴面，然好将成品垫切成单个封装保温件或组件50后包装待运。
成网机170从图7的顶视图，图8的侧视图和图9的正视图看得很清楚。成网机170包括一块底板172和一块平行的顶板174，后者通过前撑板176和后撑板178与底板172隔开以形成真空腔179。网形环箍180沿对角线方向从固定在底板170上的一对套筒182伸展到成网机170的前端附近，并与顶板174的侧面隔开。顶板174的宽度比玻璃纤维垫11略窄，且出料端要做成园角以避免封装材料开口和撒裂。运行中玻璃纤维垫11要通过环箍180和顶板174的上方。环箍180在套筒182中的位置可以调节，以适应不同厚度的玻璃纤维垫。为了使环箍180的位置更容易变动，还附加了一对套筒184以便于安装环箍180。有一根真空管道186向下延伸穿过底板172的开口188。真空腔179内的真空就是由真空管道186施加的。成网机170通过固定在底板172四角附近的一组四个基本垂直的挂钩190被悬挂起来。图中成网机170的结构是用于接收特定宽度的玻璃纤维垫，当然也能设计成能接受多种宽度的垫子。成网机170可以有一对园棒192，从底板172的后面向上向后伸展，每根园棒的端部上装有一个园滚194，在侧面加上了粘合剂以增加粘接牢度的情况下，用来将封装材料网152压向玻璃纤维垫11的侧面。
如图6所示，机器运行时，封装材料网152是从玻璃纤维垫11上方往下拉，并位于环箍180的水平部分181的下方(见图7)，这样当玻璃纤维垫11通过成网机170时就在垫11的顶面形成封装网。由于环箍180的宽度比封装材料网的宽度小，故当网通过环箍180时，其侧面就与环箍180的内侧壁接触而被向下导向靠向玻璃纤维垫11的侧面。封装材料网152两侧伸出玻璃纤维垫11侧面的那部分则被吸向真空腔179。然后在封装玻璃纤维垫11从成网机170的出料端出来时，被热滚将封装材料网152的这些部分压到玻璃纤维垫11的底面。最好在热滚处将一底层贴面加到玻璃纤维垫11的底面上，因而贴面不仅粘接到玻璃纤维垫11底面的中心部分，还能粘到玻璃纤维垫通过成网机170时形成的封装材料网的裙边上。
本发明涉及的各种具体实施例中其细节可以作更改，但不超出后面所附的本发明专利申请权利要求书所限定的范围和构思。
权利要求书
按照条约第19条的修改
1.一种封装可压缩矿物纤维保温件的方法，它包括：
a)提供一个具有相对的主面、顶面和底面，以及相对的侧面的纵向伸展的矿物纤维芯；
b)在顶面上形成一层覆盖材料，形成的覆盖材料一直延伸到与侧面邻接，其宽度比顶面和侧面宽度之和还大，其裙边延伸到侧面以下；
c)在矿物纤维芯的下面提供真空，以将伸到侧面以下的覆盖材料吸向芯子下面并与底部主面邻接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括
d)提供一层与底部主面邻接的贴面材料；以及
e)将贴面粘到底部平面上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，用成网机在连续移动的玻璃纤维芯上形成一层连续的覆盖材料网。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，覆盖材料的顶面和侧面被真空吸向芯，使其形状与芯相似。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，真空是通过某种抽真空方法获得的。

Claims (5)

1.一种封装玻璃纤维保温件的方法，它包括：
a)提供一个具有相对的主面，顶面和底面，相对的侧面和相对的端面的纵向伸展的矿物纤维芯；
b)在顶面上形成一层覆盖材料，形成的覆盖材料一直延伸到与侧面邻接，其宽度比顶面和两个侧面宽度之和还要宽一些，其裙边延伸到侧面以下；
c)在矿物纤维芯的下面提供真空，以将伸到侧面以下的覆盖材料吸向芯子下面并与底部主面邻接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
d)提供一层与底部主面邻接的贴面材料；以及
e)将贴面粘到底部主面上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，用成网机在连续移动的玻璃纤维芯上形成一层连续的覆盖材料网。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，覆盖材料的顶面和侧面被真空吸向芯，使其形状与芯相似。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，真空是通过某种抽真空的方法得到的。
CN96197727A 1995-08-31 1996-08-21 玻璃纤维保温组件的封装方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1073010C (zh)

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CA2228134C (en) 2005-05-17
SK284224B6 (sk) 2004-11-03
PL184253B1 (pl) 2002-09-30
EP0847328A1 (en) 1998-06-17
JP2000505734A (ja) 2000-05-16
ES2191105T3 (es) 2003-09-01
WO1997007968A1 (en) 1997-03-06
CZ56998A3 (cs) 1998-07-15
SK26998A3 (en) 1998-07-08
ZA966927B (en) 1997-02-20

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