CN1083041C - 封装式保温组件 - Google Patents

封装式保温组件 Download PDF

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CN1083041C
CN1083041C CN96197728A CN96197728A CN1083041C CN 1083041 C CN1083041 C CN 1083041C CN 96197728 A CN96197728 A CN 96197728A CN 96197728 A CN96197728 A CN 96197728A CN 1083041 C CN1083041 C CN 1083041C
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woven fabrics
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heat insulation
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CN1200161A (zh
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K·D·纳普
E·S·尼尔森
M·S·托尔斯
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    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B32B29/02—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
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    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D04H1/593—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives to layered webs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7654—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings
    • E04B1/7658—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings comprising fiber insulation, e.g. as panels or loose filled fibres
    • E04B1/7662—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings comprising fiber insulation, e.g. as panels or loose filled fibres comprising fiber blankets or batts
    • E04B1/7666—Connection of blankets or batts to the longitudinal supporting elements
    • E04B1/767—Blankets or batts with connecting flanges
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Abstract

封装式玻璃纤维保温件包括一层覆盖在矿物纤维芯顶面上的无纺布覆盖材料，所形成的覆盖材料一直延伸邻近侧表面。覆盖材料的宽度比顶面和两个侧面宽度之和还大，因而其裙边可伸展到矿物纤维芯的外面。

Description

封装式保温组件
本发明涉及用包括矿物纤维毡和粘在其顶面的贴面、以形成保温组件的那类建筑物保温层。
由矿物纤维，最常用的是玻璃纤维，制成的保温毡是众所周知的，它很早就被用于建筑物的保温。矿物纤维毡的厚度一般与保温的效果或保温的“R值”成正比。把通常由牛皮纸做的贴面，用含沥青的材料粘在矿物纤维毡上，以形成水蒸汽缓凝层，贴面通常都带裙边，摊开时的长度超过矿物纤维毡的侧边，以保证墙筋之间，地面托梁之间，层顶椽之间等处保温良好，毡多由玻璃纤维做成，常用聚脂类材料粘接在一起。这种保温毡通常在制成后经过压缩才包装，以求在贮藏和运输中产品的体积最小，也使拿起来及安装时比较方便。开包后保温毡很快就“蓬松”到标签标明的安装厚度。
这种保温毡一般在两个侧面，两个端面及一个或两个主面上都有矿物纤维露在外面。表面外露使得包装前的压缩过程中空气容易从保温毡中逸出，也使在安装场所开包后空气很快再进入毡中。不过外露表面也给安装带来麻烦，因为人体接触后会引起不适，同时未粘牢的纤维的粉末可能散发到工作环境中。
如美国专利5,362,539新公开的其它现有技术，是包含聚合物膜的保温垫，由于这种膜不吸水，因此制造中要增加一些工序，要开些孔以便包装时易于压缩，开包时易于膨胀，但所提拱的水蒸汽的传递很有限。
本发明提供一种与矿物纤维毡的毛面有关问题的解决方法。按本发明制成的矿物纤维保温构件包含一个具有两个对的主面，侧面和端面的纵向伸展的矿物纤维芯，及一个盖过侧面，一个主面并部分盖过另一主面的无纺布网的组合物。覆盖物与第一主面及至少一个侧面连接。最好这个无纺布覆盖全部盖住一个主面并部分盖住另一个主面。
另外，保温构件最好还包含另一层覆盖物或贴面，它按普通的方式盖住一个主面且压在第一层覆盖物的裙边上。贴面最好也用无纺布材料制成。
优选地是，第二层贴面至少部分地盖住第二主面，并且粘接剂与网及第一层贴面相粘。第二层贴面也可以用涂有沥青材料的牛皮纸做成，以提供一层水蒸汽缓凝表面。
矿物纤维毡可以为任意常规的厚度或宽度，故产品可做成夹层状，卷筒状，薄片状等等。
无纺布贴面的优点是当把保温垫沿纵向切成一定长度时或在包装中将它压缩时，空气能很快从矿物纤维毡中排出。同样，在保温垫的安装现场将包装打开时，空气能很快进入已压缩的垫中，而且拿起时可减少与矿物纤维毡本身的接触，使保温垫便于安装。另外，在安装时，特别对于侧墙和顶墙，由于表面摩擦系数一般较高，组件使安装更容易并且不会地墙内打滑，在有塑料膜盖在毡上时这种打滑情况时有发生。再有，由于无纺布材料的多孔性，保温组件装好后使潮气能自由地排出(可达塑料膜的流通率的五倍)，若用塑料膜，潮气会凝结在塑料上将保温材料弄湿，从而降低保温的效果。
图1是现有技术的保温组件的透视图，所示位置正好与实际倒置，
图2是从一端看图1所示保温组件的正视图，
图3是按本发明制造的封装式保温组件的透视图，图中只画出了左翼片，右翼片(部分省去)与左翼片是镜像对称的，
图4是从一端看图3所示保温组件的正视图，但左翼片是象制造中那样折叠着的，而右翼片则是伸直的，这是在安装时左右两翼片的样子，
图5是制造图1所示保温组件过程的侧示意图，
图6是制造图3所示保温组件的过程的侧示意图，
图7是用在图6方法中的织网装置的顶视图，
图8是图7的织网装置的侧视图，
图9是图7的织网装置的前视图，
图10，11和12是本发明三种封装组件的示意图。
本发明的保温组件可由普通矿物纤维毡或垫，例如，电玻璃熔料所形成纤维做成的玻璃纤维垫来制造，并用苯酚甲醛聚脂之类的粘合剂进行处理。用于建筑物保温的保温组件中玻璃纤维的密度一般较低，大约在0.3-1.5磅/英尺3(4.8×10-3～2.4×10-2克/厘米3)，而且还经常在一面涂有一层含沥青的牛皮纸贴面。涂层的用量最好足以形成对大部分水蒸汽的有效阻挡或缓凝，例如将已涂敷的牛皮纸对水蒸汽的渗透率降至百万分之一以下。在不要求水蒸汽缓凝层或阻挡层的其它形式中，玻璃纤维毡上就不加贴面。
现在参看附图，各图中相同的数字代表同一元件，为了比较起见，图1给出了现有的保温组件10的透视图。为便于说明，图中所示位置与制造时的位置倒置，即组件的实际底面(在制造中)是面朝上的，等等。保温组件10包括一个经苯酚甲醛聚脂粘接剂处理的低密度玻璃纤维毡或垫20，还有下主面或底面12与之相对并大致平行的上主面或顶面14，一对相对并大致平行的侧面16和18，以及一对相对并大致平行的端面22和24，玻璃纤维的排列方向大致从一个端面22到另一个瑞面24，且平行于侧面16、18及主面12和14。保温组件10还有一层铺满玻璃纤维毡20整个底面12的底部贴面30(图1中只画出了贴面的一部分，以显露玻璃纤维毡20的部份底面12)。底部贴面30由牛皮纸做成，包括与玻璃纤维毡20的底面12同大小的中心部份29的一对裙边或翼片36，38，后者一般是向内折盖底部贴面30的中心部29(图中未表示)，但此处将它画成伸出玻璃纤维毡20的侧面16、18一个适当的位置，以保证保温组件10在安装时能位于墙筋之间，地面托梁之间，屋顶椽之间等处。
底部贴面30包括一层牛皮纸面32，牛皮纸面32上涂有沥青类材料34，从图2的端面正视图看得更清楚。这层沥青材料34用来将底部贴面12粘到玻璃纤维垫的底部或下主面12上，并且当保温组件10安装好后用作水蒸汽的阻挡或缓凝层。在底层贴面30就要放到或正在放到玻璃纤垫20的底面12上时，它应处于加热状态，使得玻璃纤维埋入软化了的沥青层34中。沥青层冷却后就将底部贴面20紧贴在玻璃纤维垫20上。
也可以用粘合剂，如热熔粘合剂将底部贴面30紧贴在玻璃纤维垫20的底面上。例如，可以把非结晶聚丙烯热熔料粘合剂以纵条状的形式涂到贴面30上，使它与玻璃纤维垫20紧贴(图中未表示)。
与此相反，本发明提供封装的玻璃纤维组件，如图3的透视图和图4的端面正视图所示。封装保温组件52包括一个上层或顶部贴面或覆盖物50，该覆盖层包着玻璃纤维毡20的两个侧面16和18以及顶面14。靠近玻璃纤维毡侧面16和18处，在底部贴面30和玻璃纤维毡20之间还形成顶层贴面50的两个侧面裙边54。覆盖层50最好用无纺布材料网做成。所谓无纺布材料就是无序排列的天然或合成纤维，例如多烯烃，聚脂或人造纤维等，它们有时用丙烯酸树脂，乙烯基丙烯酸树脂之类的聚合物作成的粘合剂粘接在一起。无纺布材料可以是，例如纺粘型聚酯或聚烯烃或热粘型聚丙烯。最好用例如热熔料粘合剂之类的粘接材料将无纺布覆盖层50紧粘在玻璃纤维垫的至少一部份面积上，粘合剂是在覆盖层50即将放到玻璃纤维毡20上之前，加到覆盖层网50或保温侧面16和18及顶面14的一部分上的。
还有一种不太可取的选择，就是用聚乙烯一类的整块塑料薄片或薄膜来做盖面50。可将整块塑料膜金属化，例如做成铝化聚乙烯等。如果用整块塑料膜作覆盖层50，最好在上面开些槽或孔，该工序或者在薄膜制造过程或者在保温组件10的生产过程中进行，以便在运输前进行包装而压缩保温组件10时空气容易进出玻璃纤维垫20，同时在安装现场开包打开保温组件10并切成适当尺寸时组件能“蓬松”起来。当不希望具有水蒸汽缓凝特性时，在塑料膜上开孔也能使潮气有一个必要的通导量。
从图2和图4可看到，通常在制造中是将底部贴面30的裙边36和38折叠起来，以增加侧翼片40、42的厚度和强度，这适合于安装时用U型钉或普通钉子将保温组件10钉在墙筋，屋顶椽或地板托梁上。制造过程中通常将这些翼片折叠起来压在底部贴面30上，如图4中所示的左翼片40，底部贴面30的翼片40和42很容易被折叠。如果安装需要，以后可以将这些翼片打开、如图4中所示的右翼片42，以便用机械将保温组件粘在需要的位置。
在本发明的另一种实施例中，当不要求保温组件具有水蒸汽缓凝特性时，也可采用无纺布材料网来做底部贴面30。
图10的示意图表示保温组件的上面和侧面被一层无纺布覆盖层52’所覆盖，而翼片52a’和52b’则向内伸展，如图所示，被打卷并被由涂有沥青的牛皮纸制成并用作水蒸汽缓凝层的底部贴面30’压住，这样就能将翼片40’和42’用U形钉或普通钉子钉到墙筋等处，如上所述。
图11与图10相似，但图中的覆盖物50”有两个向内翻的唇或翼片52a”和52b”，其上胶合或粘接有另一层无纺布贴面30”，在不需要水蒸汽缓凝层的场合压住内翻的端部52a”和52b”。
图12与图11相似，只是无纺布贴面50”’是围绕保温件卷绕的，其向内翻的端部或翼片52a”’和52b”’也是胶合或粘接在贴面30”’的外面的，这也优选地适合于不需要水蒸汽缓凝层的场合。
图5为用现有技术生产图1所示保温组件的过程示意图。进料传送带104把按普通方法制成的连续玻璃纤维毡或垫11送到热滚102上；与此同时涂有沥青的连续牛皮纸网31被送到热滚102和玻璃纤维垫11之间。牛皮纸网是借助图6中的滚子120在涂覆了沥青之后由装在支架100上的滚子101传送的，中间通过一个压紧器108将纸网31绷紧。此外，在纸网31贴到玻璃纤维垫11的底面之前，其外表面可在标记工作台111打上供识别的信息，例如玻璃纤维垫的R值及生产批号。最好在纸网即将接触热滚102前，将其裙边折叠起来形成翼片40和42(见图1)。纸网31的方向，使涂有沥青的一面对着玻璃纤维毡11的底面。温度的选择最好使热量足以将沥青涂层软化，使涂有沥青的牛皮纸粘在玻璃纤维垫11的下表面，形成带贴面的玻璃纤维垫13。通过牵引器106将带贴面的玻璃纤维垫从热滚102处拉到轧刀112处，定期地将带贴面的玻璃纤维垫13切成保温组件10。这样制成的保温组件10然后被传送到包装设备处(图中未示出)。
图6是生产图3所示的本发明封装保温组件50的方法的示意图。按普通方法制成的连续玻璃纤维垫11被一系列传送带(图中未示出)送到一个成网机170且通过该成网机。在目前采用的优选方案中，当玻玻纤维垫11即将通过成网机170之前，最好通过一系列喷胶器或喷雾嘴212，214向它的顶面和侧面喷上热熔料或其它适当的粘合剂。顶面喷胶器212最好将粘合剂喷成喷雾状，而侧面喷胶器最好将粘合剂喷成旋涡状。最好选择所喷粘合剂的量和形状，以在切断和现状安装剪裁时尽量减少封装网从玻璃纤维垫上剥落下来。与此同时，要向成网机170提供封装材料网152。也可选择将粘合剂涂到封装材料152上而不涂到玻璃纤维垫11上，或者两者都涂上，封装材料网152是通过一个装在支架204上的封装材料滚子150来牵引的，支架204则位于玻璃纤维垫11上方的一个平台上，当封装材料152是非多孔性的时，则可采用穿孔器206定期在它上面穿孔，其目的将在下面说明。
封装材料网152的宽度应足以完全盖住玻璃纤维垫11的上主面和侧面，并部分地伸到垫的下主面以下。在成网机170处，玻璃纤维垫11的顶面和侧面上都形成一层封装材料网152。封装材料网152的长度盖过玻璃纤维垫11每个侧面，并通过在成网机170处形成真空被吸到玻璃纤维垫11的下面。这个真空也使得网152的形状与玻璃纤维垫11相一致，因而减少了材料松散和起皱的可能性。
当封装材料150是非多孔性的时，用打孔器206在网上穿孔有助于将网摊平在玻璃纤维垫上，当封装材料在成网机170处盖到或包到玻璃纤维垫上时，就在垫的侧面附近形成一系列孔。紧接着封装材料网152的侧面被压到玻璃纤维垫11下面之后，玻璃纤维垫11就通过热滚102与涂有粘合剂的底部贴面30相接触，而形成封装玻璃纤维垫15。根据对制成品的不同要求，涂有粘合剂的底部贴面30可能就是或包含一层水蒸汽缓凝层。
上述封装玻璃纤维垫15的底面最好如上所述地加上一层贴面，然好将成品垫切成单个封装保温件或细件50后包装待运。
成网机170从图7的顶视图，图8的侧视图和图9的正视图看得很清楚。成网机170包括一块底板172和一块平行的顶板174，后者通过前撑板176和后撑板178与底板172隔开以形成真空腔179。网形环箍180沿对角线方向从固定在底板170上的一对套筒182伸展到成网机170的前端附近，并与顶板174的侧面隔开。顶板174的宽度比玻璃纤维垫11略窄，且出料端要做成园角以避免封装材料开口和撒裂。运行中玻璃纤维垫11要通过环箍180和顶板174的上方。环箍180在套筒182中的位置可以调节，以适应不同厚度的玻璃纤维垫。为了使环箍180的位置更容易变动，还附加了一对套筒184以便于安装环箍180。有一根真空管道186向下延伸穿过底板172的开口188。真空腔179内的真空就是由真空管道186施加的。成网机170通过固定在底板172四角附近的一组四个基本垂直的挂钩190被悬挂起来。图中成网机170的结构是用于接收特定宽度的玻璃纤维垫，当然也能没计成能接受多种宽度的垫子。成网机170可以有一对园棒192，从底板172的后面向上向后伸展，每根园棒的端部上装有一个园滚194，在侧面加上了粘合剂以增加粘接牢度的情况下，用来将封装材料网152压向玻璃纤维垫11的侧面。
如图6所示，机器运行时，封装材料网152是从玻璃纤维垫11上方往下拉，并位于环箍180的水平部分181的下方(见图7)，这样当玻璃纤维垫11通过成网机170 时就在垫11的顶面形成封装网。由于环箍180的宽度比封装材料网的宽度小，故当网通过环箍180时，其侧面就与环箍180的内侧壁接触而被向下导向靠向玻璃纤维垫11的侧面。封装材料网152两侧伸出玻璃纤维垫11侧面的那部分则被吸向真空腔179。然后在封装玻璃纤维垫11从成网机170的出料端出来时，被热滚将封装材料网152的这些部分压到玻璃纤维垫11的底面。最好在热滚处将一底层贴面加到玻璃纤维垫11的底面上，因而贴面不仅粘接到玻璃纤维垫11底面的中心部分，还能粘到玻璃纤维垫通过成网机170时形成的封装材料网的裙边上。
本发明涉及的工序、材料成份及所用物品在各种具体实施例中其细节可以作更改，但不超出后面所附的本发明专利中请权利要求书所限定的范围和构思。

Claims (10)

1.一种矿物纤维保温组件，它包括一个具有经粘合剂处理的普通玻璃纤维、并具有两个相对的第一和第二主面、相对的侧面和相对的端面的纵向伸展的矿物纤维芯，以及一个盖住两个侧面和第一主面的无纺布纤维覆盖物的组合，该无纺布覆盖物与第一主面及至少一个侧面相贴合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组件，其特征在于无纺布纤维覆盖物将两个主面都盖住。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组件，还包括一个复合贴面，它包括涂有沥青的牛皮纸和无纺布纤维覆盖物，牛皮纸将第二主面盖住并与之粘合，无纺布纤维覆盖物至少部分地将第二主面盖住。
4.根据权利要求3所述的矿物纤维保温组件，其特征在于无纺布纤维材料可从多烯烃，聚脂和人造纤维一类材料中选取。
5.根据权利要求4所述的矿物纤维保温组件，其特征在于无纺布纤维材料可从纺粘型聚脂、多烯烃及粘合聚丙烯一类材料中选取。
6.根据权利要求5所述的矿物纤维保温组件，其特征在于无纺布纤维材料为热粘合聚丙烯。
7.一种矿物纤维保温组件，它包括一个具有经粘合剂处理的普通玻璃纤维，并具有两个相对的第一和第二主面，相对的侧面和相对的端面的纵向伸展的矿物纤维芯；一个将侧面和两个主面盖住并与第一主面及至少一个侧面相粘合的无纺布纤维覆盖物；以及一个包括涂有沥青的牛皮纸和无纺布纤维材料的复合贴面，牛皮纸将第二主面盖住并与之粘合，无纺布纤维材料可从多烯烃，聚脂和人造纤维一类材料中选取。
8.根据权利要求2所述的组件，其特征在于无纺布纤维覆盖物至少部分地将第二主面盖住，并且还包含一个由无纺布纤维材料制成的底部贴面，它将第二主面盖住并与之粘合。
9.根据权利要求8所述的组件，其特征在于无纺布纤维覆盖物至少部分地将上述底部贴面盖住。
10.根据权利要求8所述的组件，其特征在于所述底部贴面至少部分地将无纺布纤维覆物盖住。
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EP0847465A1 (en) 1998-06-17
PL184690B1 (pl) 2002-11-29
KR19990044198A (ko) 1999-06-25
ES2235196T3 (es) 2005-07-01
NO320365B1 (no) 2005-11-28
AR013060A1 (es) 2000-12-13
CN1200161A (zh) 1998-11-25
US5848509A (en) 1998-12-15
PL325290A1 (en) 1998-07-20
AU6895596A (en) 1997-03-19
AU725990B2 (en) 2000-10-26
EP0847465A4 (en) 1998-12-30
TR199800332T2 (xx) 1998-08-21
CA2228179A1 (en) 1997-03-06
JPH11511522A (ja) 1999-10-05
ZA966926B (en) 1997-02-13
CZ56898A3 (cs) 1998-12-16
CA2228179C (en) 2006-12-19
WO1997008401A1 (en) 1997-03-06
SK26898A3 (en) 1998-09-09
BR9610116A (pt) 1999-06-15
KR100536494B1 (ko) 2006-03-16
ATE285496T1 (de) 2005-01-15
NO980866L (no) 1998-02-27
SK285620B6 (sk) 2007-05-03
DE69634088D1 (de) 2005-01-27
EP0847465B1 (en) 2004-12-22
NO980866D0 (no) 1998-02-27
DE69634088T2 (de) 2006-03-02
CZ296511B6 (cs) 2006-03-15

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