CN1196013A - 塑料管的双轴向拉伸 - Google Patents

塑料管的双轴向拉伸 Download PDF

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CN1196013A
CN1196013A CN96196966A CN96196966A CN1196013A CN 1196013 A CN1196013 A CN 1196013A CN 96196966 A CN96196966 A CN 96196966A CN 96196966 A CN96196966 A CN 96196966A CN 1196013 A CN1196013 A CN 1196013A
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axial tension
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CN1064588C (zh
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P·G·查普曼
J·雅文凯拉
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Vinidex Pty Ltd
Uponor Innovation AB
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Vinidex Tubemakers Pty Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C55/22—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of tubes
    • B29C55/26—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of tubes biaxial
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B29C48/10—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels flexible, e.g. blown foils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/90—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article
    • B29C48/901—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article of hollow bodies
    • B29C48/903—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article of hollow bodies externally
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/90—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article
    • B29C48/908—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article characterised by calibrator surface, e.g. structure or holes for lubrication, cooling or venting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/911—Cooling
    • B29C48/9115—Cooling of hollow articles
    • B29C48/912—Cooling of hollow articles of tubular films
    • B29C48/913—Cooling of hollow articles of tubular films externally
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/919—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling using a bath, e.g. extruding into an open bath to coagulate or cool the material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/73—Processes of stretching

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)

Abstract

一种生产定向塑料管用的连续工艺和设备,包括挤压(12)、温度调节(18)、径向膨胀(区20)和冷却(30),其特征在于,具有在位于所述膨胀工序(区20)上游的第一(16)和第二(25,36)退出机构之间使管子产生轴向拉伸的步骤。

Description

塑料管的双轴向拉伸
发明背景
本发明涉及用于制造定向塑料管的工艺方法和设备，特别涉及制造已在圆周方向和轴向拉伸(牵引)以便使材料沿拉伸方向定向排列并增强其机械性能的管子。
国际专利申请No.WO 90/02644描述一个用于制造热塑料管如未增塑的氯化聚乙烯(uPVC)的工艺，该工艺使塑料管沿圆周方向有一定程度的定向，这能改善诸如抗圆周应力之类性能，并使管子特别适合于在压力下输送水。在该专利申请中描述的工艺包括：
(i)挤压一根塑料管；
(ii)对受挤压的管子进行温度调节，使其达到适合于膨胀的温度；
(iii)通过对管子施加内部压力来使管子沿径向膨胀，该管子在其下游端用一个可充气的或可以以其它方式膨胀的插塞来限制，以便将压力保持在膨胀区内；
(iV)冷却膨胀的管子，使管子在其沿径向膨胀的构形中硬化。
为了通过该生产流水线拉伸管子，在温度调节区之前设置一个第一退出牵引机(haul-off trac Tor)而在膨胀和冷却区的下游设置另一个退出牵引机。通过使下游牵引机以高于第一牵引机的退出(haul-off)速度运行，可以在产品中引入轴向拉伸。
已经提出了其它工艺，其中通过在一个实心心轴上拉伸管子来完成径向膨胀。本发明也可应用于此类工艺。
发明概要
在第一形式中，本发明提供一种用于生产定向塑料管的连续工艺，包括的步骤有挤压、温度调节、直径膨胀和冷却，其特征在于，具有使安置在所述膨胀步骤之前的第一和第二退出机构之间的管子产生轴向拉伸的步骤。
本发明的第二形式提供一种用于连续生产定向塑料管的生产流水线，包括一个用于挤压管子的挤压机，用于使管子达到适合膨胀的温度的温度调节机构、用于使受挤压管子产生经向膨胀的膨胀机构，以及用于使管子在其径向膨胀构形中硬化的冷却机构，其特征在于，安置在膨胀机构上游的第一和第二退出机构在所述径向膨胀之前使管子产生轴向拉伸。
本文所用的术语“退出机构”指卡住管子并调节管子轴向速度的机构。
最好是，轴向拉伸是在至少完成温度调节步骤之前产生的。在一种优选形式中，轴向拉伸是与温度调节步骤的至少一部分同时产生的。这可以通过将所述第一退出机构安置在温度调节区的上游(相对于管子行进方向)并将所述第二退出机构安置在温度调节和膨胀区之间来达到。
附图简述
现在参照附图描述优选实施例，其中：
图1是管子制造和膨胀工艺的示意图；
图2是表示另一实施例的示意图。
优选实施例描述
参照图1，塑料管10用挤压机12生产，并在一次冷却喷水箱14内用定经装置(如定经套管13)硬化到正确直径。管子10用第一退出牵引机16从挤压机输送出去。
然后使管子10行进至温度调节区18，其中管子与热传递介质如水接触，获得横跨管壁的特定温度轮廓分布，此时管子道路的径向膨胀使聚合物分子主要沿圆周方向取向。这种取向能提高物理性能，特别是增加了抗圆周应力。然后管子进入一对插塞24和26之间的膨胀区20。插塞24和26由操作管22保持在管子内，操作管22通过挤压头往回连接在推力限制器(未示出)上。
第一插塞24(相对于管子10行进方向的上游插塞)的尺寸能紧配合在未膨胀管10内。一系列围绕管子周面的控制轮25将管子气密地推到插塞24上，使得产生足够的密封而将压力保持在膨胀区内。
在图示的实施例中，控制轮25受到控制，从而确定将管子送入膨胀区的速度。该速度高于第一退出牵引机16的速度，使得在温度调节区前和/或温度调节区内可以产生受控的轴向拉伸。在另外的实施例中，控制轮子25可以自由地运行，而在温度调节区的下游端部处可以增加一个独立的退出机构(例如与退出牵引机16相似)，或者可以在用上游插塞从内部支承管子的膨胀区上游端部处以退出机构36代替轮子25(见图2)。
在膨胀区之前在管子中获得受控的轴向拉伸产生若干优点。首先，由于轴向拉伸而产生的管壁变薄使温度调节更有效，因此在膨胀之前可以获得管子周围的更大的温度均匀性，并/或可以使用更短的温度调节区。
在膨胀之前使管壁变薄，可以减小压力和径向膨胀所需的轴向推力，增大过程的稳定性和可控制性。其次，材料以第二退出机构的调整速率传送到膨胀区，进一步提高了稳定性和控制。
可以理解，上述优点也适用于实心心轴或其它径向膨胀机构，而本发明也适用于这些工艺。同时，可以将轴向拉伸用于管壁中的定向纤维或其它粒子(如拉长的填充剂)，作为产生聚合物材料的轴向分子定向的补充或替代。
下游插塞26是可以充气的，使其直径可从非膨胀状态变到膨胀状态以使该工艺开始。插塞26充分充气，以维持膨胀区中的压力，同时允许一些膨胀流体流动通过插塞并润滑运动管子中的插塞。操作管22有一对同心管，其中之一继续向前以将膨胀流体(如空气)送到下游插塞26，而另一管子将膨胀流体(最好是热水)送到上游插塞，然后通过出口27进入膨胀区。
在两个插塞之间，塑料管10由于不受外部限制的内部压力而沿径向膨胀。靠近膨胀区的下游端部，有一个定径套管28或其它定径装置和一个冷却喷水箱30，以便调整膨胀管32的最终直径。这些装置后随一个最终退出牵引机34和切割设备(未示出)，如果希望获得膨胀区中管子的附加轴向定向，可以将最终退出牵引机34调整在比第二退出机构25高的速度。在实践中，由于最终牵引机34施加在膨胀管32上的轴向力，在膨胀区中通常产生管子的某些轴向定向。需要轴向力，以便平衡由于膨胀区20中的膨胀流体的压力而沿对置方向施加在管子上的轴向力。
整个生产线上管子的平均轴向拉伸是通过第一和最终退出牵引机的比例来确定的。轴向牵引可以在膨胀区本身中和在预膨胀区内在第一退出机构16和从动轮25之间引入。在膨胀区之后基本上不引入轴向牵引，因为管子已经冷却。因此，在任何时候，被引入膨胀区和预膨胀区中的轴向拉伸的总和将等于第一和最终牵引机之间的输送退出比，因此是恒定的。
利用本发明，可以直接控制在每个区内出现多大的轴向拉伸。本发明人发现，这对于产品性能一致和工艺本身的操作都是重要的。
虽然已经描述了本发明的特定实施例，但该技术的专业人员显然可以以其它特定形式实施而不偏离其基本特征。因此现有实施例和例子在所有方面都被认为是举例说明而不是限制性的，本发明的保护范围由所附权利要求书而非上述描述来指明，因此意味着要包括权利要求书的等效范围和意义内的所有变化。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于生产定向塑料管的连续工艺，包括的步骤有挤压、温度调节、沿直径方向膨胀和冷却，其特征在于，具有使在所述膨胀工序上游的第一和第二退出机构之间的管子产生轴向拉伸的步骤。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的工艺方法，其特征在于，轴向拉伸是在至少完成温度调节步骤之前产生的。
3.一种如权利要求2所述的工艺方法，其特征在于，轴向拉伸是与温度调节步骤的至少一部分同时产生的。
4.一种如权利要求3所述的工艺方法，其特征在于，所述温度调节步骤在温度调节区内产生，所述第一退出机构安置在温度调节区的上游，而所述第二退出机构安置在温度调节区和一膨胀区之间。
5.一种如权利要求4所述的工艺方法，其特征在于，管子在所述第二退出机构的区域中是自内部支承的。
6.一种如权利要求1所述的工艺方法，其特征在于还包括在所述第二退出机构和安置在所述膨胀与冷却工序下游的又一个退出机构之间产生的附加轴向拉伸。
7.一种如权利要求1所述的工艺方法，其特征在于，所述膨胀是由安置在管子内部的上游插塞和下游插塞之间保持的内部流体压力产生的。
8.一种如权利要求7所述的工艺方法，其特征在于，所述下游插塞能够沿径向膨胀。
9.一种如权利要求7所述的工艺方法，其特征在于，该下游插塞对由所述第二退出机构接触的管子的一部分提供内部支承。
10.一种用于连续生产定向塑料管的生产流水线，包括一个用于挤压管子的挤压机、用于使管子达到适合膨胀的温度的温度调节机构、用于使受挤压管子产生径向膨胀的膨胀机构，以及用于使管子在其径向膨胀构形中硬化的冷却机构，其特征在于，安置在径向膨胀机构上游的第一和第二退出机构在所述径向膨胀之前使管子产生轴向拉伸。
11.一种如权利要求10所述的生产流水线，其特征在于还包括安置在所述膨胀和冷却机构下游的又一退出机构，用于产生对管子的附加轴向拉伸。
CN96196966A 1995-09-15 1996-09-13 塑料管的双轴向拉伸 Expired - Fee Related CN1064588C (zh)

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AUPN5475 1995-09-15
AUPN5475A AUPN547595A0 (en) 1995-09-15 1995-09-15 Biaxial stretching of plastic tubes

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CN1064588C CN1064588C (zh) 2001-04-18

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US (1) US6296804B1 (zh)
EP (1) EP0850136B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP3836882B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN1064588C (zh)
AT (1) ATE230339T1 (zh)
AU (2) AUPN547595A0 (zh)
BR (1) BR9610596A (zh)
CA (1) CA2231876C (zh)
DE (1) DE69625602T2 (zh)
DK (1) DK0850136T3 (zh)
ES (1) ES2188780T3 (zh)
MY (1) MY117599A (zh)
NO (1) NO313274B1 (zh)
NZ (1) NZ316429A (zh)
RU (1) RU2167058C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO1997010096A1 (zh)

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CN102791467A (zh) * 2009-10-19 2012-11-21 霍普曼国际有限公司 用于制造双轴定向管子的方法和设备
CN103358423A (zh) * 2013-07-19 2013-10-23 内蒙古亿利塑业有限责任公司 一种两步法生产取向聚氯乙烯管材的方法
CN106361465A (zh) * 2015-07-17 2017-02-01 上海微创医疗器械（集团）有限公司 一种可降解管及可降解支架的制造方法
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CN109789624A (zh) * 2016-09-13 2019-05-21 艾萨帕克控股公司 用于挤出和贴标圆柱形产品的方法和设备
CN109789624B (zh) * 2016-09-13 2021-07-09 艾萨帕克控股公司 用于挤出和贴标圆柱形产品的方法和设备

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AU701249B2 (en) 1999-01-21
US6296804B1 (en) 2001-10-02
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CA2231876C (en) 2006-10-10
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EP0850136B1 (en) 2003-01-02
NO981116D0 (no) 1998-03-13
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EP0850136A1 (en) 1998-07-01
NZ316429A (en) 1998-08-26
CA2231876A1 (en) 1997-03-20
JP3836882B2 (ja) 2006-10-25
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DK0850136T3 (da) 2003-05-12
NO981116L (no) 1998-03-13

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