CN1193823C - 一种吸着剂及其制备方法以及用其清洗热气流的方法 - Google Patents

一种吸着剂及其制备方法以及用其清洗热气流的方法 Download PDF

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CN1193823C
CN1193823C CNB998096105A CN99809610A CN1193823C CN 1193823 C CN1193823 C CN 1193823C CN B998096105 A CNB998096105 A CN B998096105A CN 99809610 A CN99809610 A CN 99809610A CN 1193823 C CN1193823 C CN 1193823C
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尼古拉斯·伏格特
约瑟夫·捷·彼德·皮尔曼
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种制备吸着剂的方法,该吸着剂适于用含钙和高岭土的原料来提取热气流中的金属,该原料例如有纸或由造纸或废纸再循环形成的残余物。该原料在一具有床缘高度的流化床中被热处理,因此使该流化床是在720至850℃的温度下工作,而该床缘高度的温度则是在850℃或850℃以下,这样就使该料转换成一含有偏高岭土、形成该吸着剂的物质。

Description

一种吸着剂及其制备方法以及用其清洗热气流的方法
本发明涉及一种制备吸着剂的方法,该吸着剂适于从热气流中提取金属,由含钙和高岭土的基料组成,诸如造纸时和综合加工再生用废纸时释出的残余物。在本发明范围内,热气流应理解为一种气流,其中那些待提取的金属或金属化合物则均作为蒸汽存在于该气流中。
从已有技术可知,在纸中或综合加工再生用废纸时释出的残余物中包含有矿物成分,如钙和高岭土。还可知,相应地使用高岭土或氢氧化钙来提取气流中的一些重金属。因此确实有人提出过生产一种吸着剂,该吸着剂由含钙和高岭土的基料组成,特别是来自纸中或综合加工再生用纸时释出的残余物。优点是能经济有效地利用高岭土,因为其不但数量有限,而且价格昂贵。
为此按本发明提出的一种方法,其特征在于,该基料是在一流化床内被热处理的,该流化床上方有一床缘高度,其中该流化床是在720℃和850℃之间温度下工作的,而该床缘高度则是被保持在850℃或850℃以下,因而该基料就充分地转换成一种含偏高岭土的物质,即该吸着剂。
业已意外地表明本发明的情况和已知一些吸着剂混合物大不相同,这些已知吸着剂混合物大体上都是各自有针对地提取某些金属,诸如高岭上和氢氧化钙,按本发明获取的吸着剂不仅足以提取一些金属,诸如铅、钙和钙中的铅,而且还能有效地提取铅中的钙。正如已知的那样,在一待清洗的气流中有一种以上金属通常对某已有技术吸着剂所针对那些金属中的一种金属的提取效率有负面作用。这和按本发明吸着剂的情况是不一样的,因此该按本发明的吸着剂可以极为广泛地应用。此外还已表明,按本发明的吸着剂是充分起作用的,因其结合是经由一反应吸收历程而不是按不太理想的孔扩散历程来提取。和那些已知起吸着剂作用的高岭土和氢氧化钙的混合物大不相同,当气流中有含氯成分时该按本发明的附着剂还可认为是有效的。
若将床缘高度的温度保持在800℃或800℃以下则可使本发明的效果达到特别有效。特别理想的是将该床缘高度的温度保持在低于该流化床的温度。
有利的是将具有直径在0.5至2毫米范围内的砂粒连同该基料一起导入到该流化床中。这些砂粒可以促进换热,使得流化床内和床缘高度内的温度能快速而正确地调整。此外,这些砂粒可在获取吸着剂的颗粒中起到支承作用,由于所述颗粒的芯都配有一砂粒,该颗粒具有直径至少为0.5毫米。这些较重的颗粒在流化床过程中都是作为实际粉状吸着剂的副产物来形成的,但这些较重颗粒在极为简单的气体清洗应用中都适于用作吸着剂。可以很容易将这些重颗粒导入到气流中,并在使用后再加以提取,而无需复杂的导入和提取器械。
由按本发明方法所获取的吸着剂最好是这样来形成,使其至少有80%的颗粒具有直径至少为2微米。这对该粉状吸着剂是足够大的可以充许的直径,在其被用作提取气流中的金属以后,借助于标准集尘技术由该气流中来提取,这样可使成本保持低廉。
按本发明的吸着剂最好包含至少大致为20%按重量计的偏高岭土。按这些发明人的意见,这一成分可促进按本发明吸着剂的反应吸收质量。
按本发明的特征在于该粉状吸着剂存在于每个含偏高岭土颗粒中是不易觉察的,还有微量的含钙化物。这一情况是由于用配有X射线分析(EDX)的电子显微镜来检测而示出的,据此意味着钙、铝和硅是可以分析的。这一检测表明在一个含偏高岭土的颗粒中不能区分钙化合物和偏高岭土的范围。人们相信,关于活度这方面或是在有或是在没有诸如氯化物阴离子的情况下,由于同时截留一热气流中不同金属,使按本发明的吸着剂和已知吸着剂有区别,这样对所有这些金属来说就有一个良好的金属提取效率。
这些含钙化合物,特别是碳酸钙和氢氧化钙都是有利的,当在高气体温度(例如约为1000℃)下使用该吸着剂时,分解所述钙化合物引起这些吸着剂颗粒分裂,因而可使该吸着剂的金属提取效率增加。而且业已表明,该按本发明的吸着剂具有胶接特性,甚至在使用后仍能保持该特性,此外,该吸着剂的这些沥滤特性在使用后是特别有利的,因此看来还是有可能在建造行业中再使用。
该按本发明的吸着剂其显著的特性在该吸着剂通常被用作清洗气流时变得更为明显。该吸着剂因而特别适用于至少是部分地提取该气流中的SOx,还适用于至少是部分地提取该气流中的二噁英。如上所述该吸着剂在提取阴离子上也是有效的。
现结合一些示例性实施例来对本发明作进一步的阐明,在这些实施例中所用的都是按本发明的吸着剂,还有一种吸着剂成分则是按已有技术的。
                       实例1
使被包含在一气流中的各种金属和一些重金属的组合进行清洗过程用下列吸着剂:单独的高岭土,单独的氢氧化钙,高岭土结合氢氧化钙,和按本发明的吸着剂。各种吸着剂显示下列活度。
                                  表A
吸着剂   高岭土单独   Ca(OH)2单独   高岭土和Ca(OH)2 按本发明的吸着剂
金属单独铅单独钙钙中有铅铅中有钙 良好不良*不良 不良良好** 良好良好良好中等 良好良好良好良好
*=未检测出
进一步地表明,和已有技术不太相同的在于该按本发明的吸着剂对所有的金属显示一所谓反应吸收历程,该吸着剂的作用有利于沥滤特性。重复检测上表所示的吸收结果,在那时该气体还包括含氯的成分。甚至在那样情况下按本发明的吸着剂仍显示出是有活性的。
                   实例2
该按本发明的吸着剂被用来提取一气流中的阴离子,例如可由该气流形成一些阳离子SOx。该气流每标准立方米(Nm3)废气含有4000毫米SOx(以SO2计)。对该气流加入90克/标准立方米的按本发明吸着剂。在吸收SOx后,干净废气中的SOx浓度每标准立方米废气小于10毫克。这样使其提取效率比99%还高。
该带有SOx的吸着剂已表明比其他介质能更强地阻塞该化合物沥滤出。这些结果表示使用本发明的吸着剂时和使用硅酸盐水泥(OPC)时对比其硫酸盐的可沥滤性。为此目的将含硫的飘尘加到一按本发明带SOx的吸着剂中,此后检测硫酸盐的可沥滤性。作为对比将一相似量的含硫飘尘加到一市场上可购到的硅酸盐水泥试样中。然后,在一转盘中对两个试样加水以获取湿的丸粒,这些丸粒得以硬化分别为7或28天。因此来获得下列硫酸盐可沥滤性结果。
                          表B
结合剂 硅酸盐水泥 70%吸着剂,30%硅酸盐
凝结时间 7天     28天  7天        28天
硫酸盐可沥滤性(毫克/千克) 2240    1100 670        660
                     实例3
按本发明的吸着剂也用于截留气流中的二噁英。因此这一气流与按本发明的吸着剂是在浓度为90克/标准立方米中接触的。该气体与该吸着剂接触不到10秒钟,此后借助于一集尘室过滤器使该吸着剂从该气流中分离出。被导入的二噁英浓度为1.909毫微克/标准立方米。其中1.863毫微克/标准立方米(也就是大于97%)被该吸着剂所截留而被收集在该集尘室过滤器内。0.037毫微米/标准立方米(约为2%)存在于吸着剂颗粒上,这是在该集尘过滤器后面被发现的,而0.009毫微克/标准立方米(也即小于0.5%)没有被该吸着剂所截留,而且仍存在于该气流中。

Claims (12)

1.一种制备吸着剂的方法,该吸着剂适于从热气流中提取金属,由含钙和高岭土的基料组成,其特征在于,该基料是在一流化床内热处理的,其上有一床缘高度,其中该流化床是在720℃和850℃之间的温度下工作的,而该床缘高度的温度则被保持在850℃或850℃以下,由此该基料被充分转换成含有偏高岭土的物质,即该吸着剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,该床缘高度的温度保持在800℃或800℃以下。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,该床缘高度的温度保持在低于该流化床的温度。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,具有直径在0.5至2.00毫米范围内的砂粒连同该基料被导入到该流化床中。
5.一种按权利要求1-4中任一项所述方法获取的吸着剂,其特征在于,至少80%颗粒的直径至少为2微米。
6.一种按权利要求1-4中任一项所述方法获取的吸着剂,其特征在于,上述颗粒还包含具有直径至少为0.5毫米的颗粒。
7.如权利要求6所述的从热气流中提取金属的吸着剂,其特征在于,所述颗粒的芯都配有一砂粒。
8.如权利要求5、6或7所述的吸着剂,其特征在于,所述吸着剂包含按重量计至少为20%的偏高岭土。
9.如权利要求5或8所述的吸着剂,该吸着剂还包括含钙化合物,其特征在于,含钙化合物在每一含偏高龄土颗粒内部密切地混合,使得含偏高龄土颗粒在微米级不能彼此被辨认。
10.一种清洗热气流的方法,用权利要求5-9中任一项所述的吸着剂从热气流中提取金属,其特征在于,该吸着剂同时被用作至少局部地提取该气流中的SOX
11.一种清洗热气流的方法,用权利要求5-9中任一项所述的吸着剂从热气流中提取金属,其特征在于,该吸着剂同时被用作至少局部地提取该气流中的二恶英。
12.一种清洗热气流的方法,用权利要求5-9中任一项所述的吸着剂从热气流中提取金属,其特征在于,该吸着剂同时被用作至少局部地提取该气流中的阴离子。
CNB998096105A 1998-08-14 1999-07-07 一种吸着剂及其制备方法以及用其清洗热气流的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1193823C (zh)

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NL1017206C2 (nl) * 2001-01-26 2002-07-29 Cdem Holland Bv Werkwijze voor het verwijderen van kwik uit een gasstroom.
JP2005349349A (ja) * 2004-06-14 2005-12-22 Kankyo Soken Kk 重金属処理資材
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NL1009870C2 (nl) 2000-02-15
KR20010079621A (ko) 2001-08-22
PT1119408E (pt) 2007-03-30
AU4804899A (en) 2000-03-06
EP1119408B1 (en) 2007-01-03
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DE69934703D1 (de) 2007-02-15
CN1312735A (zh) 2001-09-12
ATE350153T1 (de) 2007-01-15
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CA2339985A1 (en) 2000-02-24

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