CN1192447A - 吸附树脂法从甜菊糖中富集、分离菜鲍迪甙a - Google Patents
吸附树脂法从甜菊糖中富集、分离菜鲍迪甙a Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
甜菊糖是从甜叶菊叶子中提取出来的一种天然甜味剂,它主要由8种已知糖甙组成,其中A甙的甜度最高,大于蔗糖的300倍,而且味质也最好。利用树脂吸附的弱选择性特点分离甜菊糖A甙的研究目前尚未见国内外有关文献和专利报导。本发明设计合成了系列具有高选择性大孔吸附树脂,首次尝试了利用大孔吸附树脂选择性吸附的作用分离高A甙含量的甜菊糖产品,再经重结晶可得到纯度大于90%的A甙产品。
Description
本发明属大孔吸附树脂的合成及其应用。
甜菊糖是从甜叶子中提取出来的一种高甜度、低热值、非糖、非营养型安全可靠的天然甜味剂,它主要由8种已知糖甙组成。其名称和化学结构如表1所示[1]。(1.Hansib J.R.,DeOliveira B.H.,Stevioside and related sweet diterpenoid glycosides,Natural Product Reports,1993,301-309)
G葡萄糖基Rh-鼠李糖基
其中甜菊甙(Stevioside)、莱鲍迪甙A(RebaudiosideA)和莱鲍迪甙C(Rebaudioside c)在总糖中的相对含量较高,也是影响甜菊糖味质的主要成份。S甙的甜度是蔗糖的270-280倍,但它呈味速度慢,带有一定的不良余味。(甙的甜度不到蔗糖的50倍,且有较强的后苦味及不良余味。C甙的甜度不到蔗糖的50倍,且有较强的后苦味及不良余味。A甙的甜度最高,大于蔗糖的300倍,而且味质也最好,不含任何不良余味,是一种最为理想的天然甜味剂。提取分离高A甙含量的甜菊糖产品是近年来国际、国内甜菊糖生产工业的研究热点。然而,由于这几种糖甙具有相同的甙元,其结构与分子极性都非常相近,因此很难用常规手段将其分离,特别是分离高纯度、高品质的A甙产品。迄今为止,有关甜菊糖各组份分离报导的主要手段有:高效液相色谱法(HPLC)[2-5][2.Dobberstein R.H.,Almed M.S.,Extraction,separationand recovery of diterpene glycosides fromStevia rebaudiana plants.US 4,361,697,1982;3.AhmedM.S.,Dobberstein R.H.,Stevia rebaudiana.II High-performance“quid chromatographicseparation and quantitation of stevioside,rebaudioside A and rebaudioside C.J.Chromatogr,1982,236(2):523-526;4.Ahmed M.S.,Dobberstein R.H.,Stevia rebaudiana.II High-performanceliquid chromatographic separation and quantitation of rebaudioside B,Dand E,dulcoside A andsteviolbioside.J.Chromatogr.,1982,245(3):373~376;5.Makapugay H.C.,Nanayakkara N.P.D.,Kinghorn A.D.,Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of the steviarebaudiana sweet diterpene glycosides using linear gradient elution,J.Chromatogr.,1984,283,390~395]、薄层色谱法(TLC)[6-7][6.Metivier J,Viana A.M.,Determination of microgramquantities of stevioside from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bert.bytwo-dimensional thin layerchromatography.J.Exp.Bot.,1979,30(117):805~810;7 Sherma J.,Norfolk E.,Quantitative TLCdetermination of stevioside and rebaudioside A in beverages J Liq.Chromatogr.,1992,15(17):2981~2988]、滴液逆流色谱法[8][8.Kinghorn A.D.,Nanayakkara N.P.D.,Soejarto D.D.etal.,Potential sweetening agents of plant orgin I Purification of Stevia rebaudiana sweetconstituents by droplet countercurrent chromatography.J.Chromatogr.,1982,237(3):478-483]、毛细管电泳法[9-10][9.Liu J.,Li S.F.Y.,Separation and determination of Stevia sweeteners bycapillary electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatogr.,J.Liq.Chromatogr.,1995,18(9):1703-1719;10.Mauri P.,Catalano G.,Gardana C.,Pietta P.,Analysis of Stevia glycosides bycapillary electrophoresis.Electrophoresis,1996,17(2):367~371]、超临界萃取法[11-12][11.KienleUdo,Process for the preparation of a natural sweetening agent from Stevia rebaudiana and its use.EP 335,265,1989;12.Tan S.,Shibuta Y.,Tanaka O.,Isolation of sweetener from SteviarebaudianaJP63,177,764,1988]等,但这些方法的可处理量小,都不适合开发工业化生产。近两年来,日本出现了从一种特殊的高A甙含量的甜菊叶中通过重结晶法提取分离A甙的报导[13-14][13.Morita T.,Nishimura M,Ishikawa H.,Manufacture of a sweetener difficult to dissolve inwater from Stevia extract.JP 07,177,802,1995;14.Katanami T.,Kitatsume M.,Prep.of Steviasweetener.JP 07,143,860,1995],其产品已开始打入国际市场。但他们所选用的甜菊叶原料较难获得,A甙含量大于80%的甜菊糖产品成本高于普通甜菊糖的4-5倍。
利用树脂吸附的弱选择性特点分离甜菊糖的研究目前尚未见国内外有关文献和专利报导。本发明的目的是设计合成了系列具有高选择性大孔吸附树脂,首次尝试了利用大孔吸附树脂选择性吸附的作用通过简单可行,易于工业化的手段从高S甙甜菊糖中分离出富集A甙的甜菊糖产品,再经进一步纯化,得到纯度大于90%的A甙产品。
本发明的内容主要有树脂的设计合成;树脂法分离富集A甙工艺,以及A甙的进一步纯化。树脂的合成方法如下:于三口瓶中将工业二乙烯苯、4--乙烯基吡啶和过氧化苯甲酰混合均匀,加入混合致孔剂烷基苯与液体石蜡。加入NaCl水溶液,使水油相体积比控制在一定范围内,加入聚乙烯醇,做表面活性剂,开动搅拌,控制搅拌速度,使小球的粒径分布在80-200目之间,升温至80℃,恒温反应2小时,继续升温至90℃,恒温反应4小时。最后升温至95-100℃煮球2小时,使聚合完全。所得树脂用热水充分洗涤,凉干后分别用乙醇、石油醚各抽提8小时,室温下减压干燥备用。
树脂法分离富集A甙包括树脂的活化及A甙的富集,
树脂的活化方法如下:称取一定量的树脂用适量乙醇溶胀过夜,然后逐渐过渡到水相。准确量取一定体积的湿树脂并将其转入内径为0.8~1.0cm树脂柱中,以1BV/h的流速使20-30ml 5%的稀HCl溶液缓慢流过树脂床、水洗至中性备用。
A甙的富集可用下列两个方法:其中一个方法是配制一定浓度的甜菊糖水溶液,使其以一定流速缓慢流过树脂床。此时树脂对甜菊糖分子产生吸附与选择性吸附作用。检测流出液,自泄漏点起每10ml或20ml为一组份等体积接收流出液,并用HPLC进行监测,直至流出液中A甙含量小于S甙。合并流出液浓缩至干燥,所得甜菊糖中A甙含量高于S甙。另一个富集A甙的方法是将高S甙甜菊糖用甲醇重结晶,结晶母液浓缩至干燥。然后将母液糖配成一定浓度的水溶液,使其以一定流速缓慢流过树脂床。检测流出液,自泄漏点起每10ml或20ml为一组份等体积接收流出液,并用HPLC进行监测,直至流出液中的杂质含量与原母液接近为止。合并流出液,浓缩至干燥,所得甜菊糖中A甙含量高于S甙,并且杂质含量低于原母液。
A甙的进一步纯化方法:将用树脂法处理得到的高A甙含量的甜菊糖产品,用含水量为0~50%的甲醇进行重结晶。
通过上述方法得到的高A甙含量甜菊糖产品,用含水量为0~50%的甲醇进行重结晶,通过控制重结晶条件可以得到A甙含量大于90%的结晶产品熔点为227~229℃。
实例1
于三口瓶中将工业二乙烯苯95克、4-乙烯基吡啶5克和过氧化苯甲酰1克,混合均匀后加入混合致孔剂烷基苯与液体石蜡,总重量为200克,其中烷基苯与石蜡的重量比为2∶1。加入NaCl水溶液,使水油相体积比控制在5∶1,并加入0.5%的聚乙烯醇作表面活性剂。开动搅拌,控制搅拌速度,使小球粒径分布在80~200目之间。以5℃/10min的速度匀速缓慢升温至80℃,恒温反应2小时。继续升温至90℃,恒温反应4小时。最后升温至95~100℃煮球2小时,使聚合完全。所得树脂用热水充分洗涤,凉干后分别用乙醇、石油醚各抽提8小时,室温下减压干燥备用。
称取一定量的树脂用适量乙醇溶胀过夜,然后逐渐过渡到水相。准确量取20ml湿树脂并将其转入内径为0.8~1.0cm树脂柱中,以1BV/h的流速使20~30ml 5%的稀HCl溶液缓慢流过树脂床,然后水洗至中性。再以1BV/h的流速使20~30ml 1N的NaOH溶液缓慢流过树脂床,水洗至中性备用。
配制4mg/ml的甜菊糖水溶液,使其以1BV/h的流速缓慢流过树脂床。此时树脂对甜菊糖分子产生选择性吸附作用。检测流出液,流出液达380ml开始泄漏,自泄漏点起每20ml为一组分,等体积接收流出液,并用HPLC进行监测,直至500ml后流出液中A甙含量小于S甙。合并流出液,浓缩至干燥,得到高A甙含量甜菊糖约200mg,其中A甙与S甙的含量比约为(2.8~1.0)∶1。树脂可用70%乙醇再生,用水洗净后可反复使用。图1给出原糖液与流出液的HPLC谱图。
实例2
于三口瓶中将工业二乙烯苯97克、4-乙烯基吡啶3克和1克过氧化苯甲酰混合均匀、加入混合致孔剂烷基苯与液体石蜡,总重量为200克,其中烷基苯与石蜡的重量比为5∶1。以NaCl水溶液做为分散剂,水油相体积比控制在5∶1,并加入0.5%的聚乙烯醇做为表面活性剂。开动搅拌,控制搅拌速度,使小球粒径分布在80~200目之间。以5℃/10min的速度匀速缓慢升温至80℃,恒温反应2小时。继续升温90℃,恒温反应4小时。最后升温至90~100℃煮球2小时,使聚合完全。所得树脂用热水充分洗涤,凉干后分别用乙醇、石油醚各抽提8小时,室温下减压干燥备用。
称取一定量的树脂用适用乙醇溶胀过夜,然后逐渐过渡到水相。准确量取10ml湿树脂并将其转入内径为0.8~1.0cm树脂柱中,以1BV/h的流速使20~30ml 5%的稀HCl溶液缓慢流过树脂床,然后水洗至中性。再以1BV/h的流速使20~30ml 5%的稀HCl溶液缓慢流过树脂床,然后水洗至中性备用。
称取20克甜菊糖,用250ml甲醇溶解,于3~5℃冷却结晶48小时。过滤,并将母液浓缩至干燥。将母液糖配制成4mg/ml的甜菊糖水溶液,使其以1BV/h的流速缓慢流过树脂床。此时,树脂对甜菊糖及其杂质分子产生选择性吸附作用。检测流出液,达185ml后开始泄漏,自泄漏点起每20ml为一组份等体积接收流出液,并用HPLC进行监测,445ml以后流出液中的杂质含量开始显著增高,并且A甙与S甙的比值也基本接近母液糖。停止收集,合并流出液,浓缩至干燥,得到高A甙含量甜菊糖约610mg,其中A甙与S甙的含量比约为(8.1~1.7)∶1。图2给出母液糖与流出液糖的HPLC谱图。
实例3
于三口瓶中将工业二乙烯苯50克、4-乙烯基吡啶10克和过氧化苯甲酰0.8克混合均匀,加入混合致孔剂烷基苯与液体石蜡,总重量为60克,其中烷基苯与石蜡的重量比为1∶1。加入NaCl水溶液,使水油相体积比控制在4∶1,并加入0.8%的聚乙烯醇做为表面活性剂。开动搅拌,控制搅拌速度,使小球粒径分布在80~200目之间。以5℃/10min的速度匀速缓慢升温至80℃,恒温反应2小时。继续升温90℃,恒温反应4小时。最后升温至90~100℃煮球2小时,使聚合完全。所得树脂用热水充分洗涤,凉干后分别用乙醇、石油醚各抽提8小时,室温下减压干燥备用。
称取一定量的树脂,用适量乙醇溶胀过夜,然后逐渐过渡到水相。准确量取10ml湿树脂并将其转入内径为0.8~1.0cm树脂柱中,以1BV/h的流速使20~30ml 5%的稀HCl溶液缓慢流过树脂床,然后水洗至中性。再以1BV/h的流速使20~30ml 1N的稀HCl溶液缓慢流过树脂床,并水洗至中性备用。
配制4mg/ml的甜菊糖水溶液,使其以1BV/h的流速缓慢流过树脂床。此时,树脂对甜菊糖分子产生选择性吸附作用。检测流出液,120ml开始泄漏,自泄漏点起每10ml等体积接收流出液,并用HPLC进行监测,直至245ml以后流出液中A甙与S甙基本相等。合并流出液,浓缩至干燥,得到高A甙含量甜菊糖约135mg。
实例4
准确称取5克用树脂法处理得到的高A甙含量甜菊糖产品,用含水量为10%的甲醇溶液加热溶解,过滤,冷却至3~5℃进行重结晶,可以得到A甙含量约为91-93%的结晶产品约2~2.5克,熔点为219~221℃。
图3给出A甙的HPLC谱图。
图1甜菊糖溶液分离前后的HPLC谱图,其中a为原溶液,b为动态分离后的流出液
图2母液甜菊糖溶液分离前后的HPLC谱图,其中a为母液糖(4mg/ml),b为树脂分离后
的流出液
图3重结晶后莱胞迪甙A的HPLC谱图
Claims (2)
1.一种用于分离富集莱鲍迪甙A的大孔吸附树脂,其特征在于它是用下列方法合成:于三口瓶中将工业二乙烯苯50~100克、4-乙烯基吡啶1~15克,过氧化苯甲酰0.5~1.5克,混合均匀,加入混合致孔剂烷基苯与液体石蜡,总重量为50~300克,其中烷基苯与石蜡的重量比为1∶1~10∶1。加入NaCl水溶液,使水油相体积比控制在3∶1~5∶1,并加入0.5~1.0%的聚乙烯醇做为表面活性剂。开动搅拌,控制搅一速度,使小球粒径分布在80~200目之间。以5℃/10min的速度匀速缓慢升温至80℃,恒温反应2小时,继续升温至90℃,恒温反应4小时。最后升温至95~100℃煮球2小时,使聚合完全。所得树脂用水充分洗涤,凉干后分别用乙醇、石油醚各抽提8小时,室温下减压干燥备用。
称取一定量的树脂用适量乙醇溶胀过夜,然后逐渐过渡到水相。准确量取20ml湿树脂并将其转入内径为0.8~1.0cm树脂柱中,以1BV/h流速使20~30ml稀HCl溶液缓慢流过树脂床,然后水洗至中性。再以1BV/h的流速使20~30ml 1N的NaOH溶液缓慢流过树脂床,水洗至中性备用。
2.一种以树脂法分离富集莱鲍迪甙A的方法,其特征在于在上述大孔吸附树脂床中,以1BV/h的流速缓慢流过浓度为4mg/ml的甜菊糖水溶液,此时树脂对甜菊糖分子产生选择性吸附作用,检测流出液,380ml开始泄漏,自泄漏点起每20ml为一组分等体积接收流出液,并用HPLC进行监测,直至500ml后流出液中A甙含量小于S甙。合并流出液,浓缩至干燥,得到高A甙含量甜菊糖约200mg。树脂可用70%乙醇再生,用水洗净后可反复使用。
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