CN1189613A - 生物传感器 - Google Patents
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- CN1189613A CN1189613A CN97126311.6A CN97126311A CN1189613A CN 1189613 A CN1189613 A CN 1189613A CN 97126311 A CN97126311 A CN 97126311A CN 1189613 A CN1189613 A CN 1189613A
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Abstract
一种廉价、迅速、高精度地定量分析特定化合物的生物传感器。该传感器系在包括测定电极及对置电极的电极系统上设置含有氧化还原酶及电子接受体的反应层,用碳形成电极部和引线部,工作电极的一部分引线接触试样液,可以防止测得结果产生误差。所述对置电极大致呈C字状,其凹部配置于工作电极,周围设置绝缘层。基板上配置其上形成有试样液供给通道的沟槽的覆盖部件所述绝缘层延伸到覆盖部件的沟槽终端部的空气孔位置。
Description
本发明涉及一种可以廉价制得、用于迅速、高精度且简便地定量测定试样中特定化合物的生物传感器。
作为蔗糖、葡萄糖等糖类的定量分析法已知有使用旋光测定法、比色法、还原滴定法、各种色谱法等的方法。然而，这些方法因其对糖类的特异性皆不太高，所以，其精度差。旋光测定法的操作虽然简便，但受操作时温度的影响很大。因此，旋光测定法不适于作为一般人在家庭中进行糖类简易定量分析的方法。
另外，近年来，有人开发了利用酶的特异性催化作用的各种类型的生物传感器。
以下，就葡萄糖的定量方法，作为试样液中底物的定量方法之一例进行说明。作为电化学的葡萄糖定量方法，一般已知使用葡萄糖氧化酶(ECl.1.3.4：以下简称为GOD)和氧电极或过氧化氢电极的方法(请见铃木周一著《生物传感器》讲谈社)。
GOD将氧作为电子接受体，使作为底物的β-D-葡萄糖选择性地氧化成D-葡糖酸-δ-内酯。在氧存在时，在GOD的氧化反应过程中，氧被还原成过氧化氢。由氧电极可测量该氧的减少量，或由过氧化氢电极测定过氧化氢的增加量。氧的减少量，或过氧化氢的增加量正比例于该试样中的葡萄糖含量，因此，可从氧的减少量或过氧化氢的增加量定量测定葡萄糖。
上述方法如从其反应过程也可推知，其缺点是，测试结果受含于试样液中的氧浓度影响很大，再有，当试样液中不含有氧时不可能检测。
因此，有人开发了不使用氧作为电子接受体，而使用铁氰化钾、二茂合铁、醌衍生物类等的有机化合物及金属配合物作为电子接受体的新型葡萄糖传感器。这一类传感器是在电极上氧化由酶反应的结果生成的电子接受体的还原体，由此，可以从其氧化电流量求得含于该试样液中的葡萄糖浓度。将这一类有机化合物及金属配合物取代氧用作电子接受体，即可使已知量的GOD及其电子接受体以稳定的状态准确地载持于电极上，形成反应层。此时，由于也可使反应层以近乎干燥的状态与电极系统成为一体，所以，近年来，基于该技术的可弃型的普通传感器受到人们注目。
上述可弃型的葡萄糖传感器中，仅将试样液导入可与测定器作可脱离的连接的传感器中，如此即可方便地用测定器测得葡萄糖浓度。同样的方法不仅可用于葡萄糖的定量分析，也可应用于含于试样液中的其它底物的定量分析。
使用如上所述的电子接受体，再借使电极系统和反应层一体化的技术，即可对底物作简便的电化学定量分析。然而，在引线部分使用银或钯等的金属时，则其制造成本增高。又，用碳制作引线部时，为抑制电阻的增加，有必要增大引线部分的宽度。然而，增大引线部分的宽度，则从工作电极导出的一部分引线会接触试样溶液，有时，造成测定结果的正误差。
本发明提供了一种生物传感器，所述的生物传感器由以下的部分构成：
其一端为电极部分、另一端为与测试仪器的连接部分、形成有一对由碳组成的引线的基板；
设置于上述基板之上、在与基板之间的空间形成从基板端部至上述电极部分的试样液供给通道的沟槽的覆盖部件；
在上述基板上围绕所述电极部分的四周的绝缘层；及
具有至少含有氧化还原酶和电子接受体，形成于由前述绝缘层所包围的电极部上的反应层，
上述电极部的一侧为大致呈C字状的对置电极，其另一侧电极为位于所述大致呈C字状对置电极的凹部的工作电极，上述沟槽位于从所述基板的端部跨越所述电极部的部分，且，所述绝缘层延伸到所述覆盖部件的沟槽的终端部的设有气孔的位置。
这里，前述电极部分与前述电连接部分之间的电阻，最好在10kΩ以下。而在所述覆盖部件的上述沟槽内，特别是在该沟槽的全长最好设置卯磷脂层。
所述的反应层最好含有亲水性高分子。
图1为本发明一个实施例中的具有用于葡萄糖传感器的电极系统的基板的平面图。
图2为除去了上述传感器中的反应层的分解斜视图。
发明的详细说明
以下，参照附图，详细说明本发明的生物传感器。
图1为本发明中的生物传感器的基板平面图。图2为除去了该传感器中的反应层的分解斜视图。
在这些图中，1表示由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯组成的绝缘性基板。在该基板1上，形成由碳组成的工作电极2、对置电极3及连接各个电极的引线4、5。这些电极及引线系一次筛网印刷含粘合剂的碳糊同时形成。对置电极3大致形成C字状，工作电极2配设于大致成C字状的对置电极3的凹部内。连接于这些电极的引线4及5延伸至基板1的一侧端部，其端部成为测定仪器的电连接部。
在如上所述形成检测电极2、对置电极3及引线4、5的基板上再由绝缘性糊的印刷形成用于将检测电极2及对置电极3与其引线4、5区别开来的电气绝缘层6。借该电绝缘层6限定了工作电极及对置电极的露出面积。电绝缘部6的内缘部可以如图所示，较好的是，除了工作电极的部分之外，大致呈圆形。
在如此形成了电极系统的基板上形成反应层。如下所述，该反应层的简便形成方法是，将各种试剂溶液滴下至电极系统上之后，进行干燥。此时，碳组成的1电极部分为电绝缘部6所包围，因此，有利于将反应层限定于特定的部分。即，抑制了形成反应层的溶液向引线部的扩散。由此，可以重现性良好地制得均质的反应层。
另一方面，组合于该基板1、用于在其与基板之间形成试样液的喂入通道的覆盖部件由其上开有通向一端的缝隙8的间距块7、及在对应于间隙8的终端位置设有气孔10的盖子9构成。间距块7及盖子9由于基板同样的绝缘材料制成，将所示材料沿图2所示的点划线部分对齐进行叠合，制成生物传感器。
上述生物传感器在基板1上，在如图1所示的点线所包围的部分11上形成试样液喂入通道。该试样液通道11系对应于间距块7的间隙8的通道，延伸至越过电极系统的部分。使试样液接触试样液喂入通道11的开口部，则由于毛细现象，试样液经试样液喂入通被吸收至气孔10的一侧，达到电极系统上，在那里，与反应层的试剂反应。
如从图1所显见地，在面于试样液喂入通道的基板上，露出构成电极系统的、被限定的工作电极2及对置电极3，和包围电极系统的前后的电绝缘层6的一部分。而且，由电绝缘层6与工作电极2区分的引线4借电绝缘层6与试样液供给通道11隔离，所以，由试样液与工作极2的引线4的接触引起的测量误差可以被避免。另外，对置电极3的引线5的一部分露出于试样液喂入通道11，这里，即使试样液发生接触，也不会影响测定值。
由碳组成的工作电极、对置电极及其引线部分，在其上如涂布形成电绝缘层用的糊状物，则可能糊状物渗入碳层中，会增大其电阻。因此，理想的是，在碳的印刷层上形成将工作电极及对置电极与其引线部分区分开的电绝缘层，最好是如图1所示，形成极为有限的区域。
在以下的实施例中，使用羧甲基纤维素作为亲水性高分子，但是，形成亲水性高分子层的亲水性高分子，也可使用各种材料。例如，可以使用羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、乙基羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基乙基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇、聚赖氨酸等的聚氨基酸、聚苯乙烯磺酸、明胶及其衍生物、丙烯酸极其盐、甲基丙烯酸及其盐、淀粉及其衍生物、马来酸酐及其盐。其中，优选的是羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、乙基羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基乙基纤维素。也可使用如聚赖氨酸等的聚氨基酸、聚乙烯醇、聚苯乙烯磺酸等。
作为含于反应层中的氧化还原酶，须根据测定对象的底物而变化。作为氧化还原酶，可以举出如果糖脱氢酶、葡萄糖氧化酶、醇氧化酶、乳酸氧化酶、胆固醇氧化酶、黄嘌呤氧化酶、氨基酸氧化酶等。
作为上述的电子接受体，可以举出铁氰化钾、对苯醌、吩嗪甲基硫酸盐(フェナジンメトサルフェ-ト)、亚甲基蓝、二茂合铁衍生物等。又，将氧作为电子接受体时，也可得到传感器响应。电子接受体可以使用上述的一种或二种以上。
上述酶及电子接受体既可以溶解于试样液中，也可以将反应层固定于基板等之上，不使其溶解于试样液中。在将酶及电子接受体固定于基板等之上时，反应层最好含有上述的亲水性高分子。
再有，反应层中可以含有pH缓冲剂。作为pH缓冲剂，可以举出磷酸二氢钾-磷酸氢二钾、磷酸二氢钾-磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钠-磷酸氢二钾、磷酸二氢钠-磷酸氢二钠、柠檬酸-磷酸氢二钠、柠檬酸-磷酸氢二钾、柠檬酸-柠檬酸三钠、柠檬酸-柠檬酸三钾、柠檬酸二氢钾-氢氧化钠、柠檬酸二氢钠-氢氧化钠、马来酸氢钠-氢氧化钠、邻苯二酸氢钾-氢氧化钠、琥珀酸-四硼酸钠、马来酸-三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷、三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷-三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷盐酸盐、[N-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪-N’-2-乙磺酸]-氢氧化钠、[N-三(羟甲基)甲基-2-氨基乙磺酸]-氢氧化钠、[哌嗪-N，N’-双(2-乙磺酸)]-氢氧化钠。
实施例中就碳及绝缘糊的印刷图案图示了特定的例子，但图案并不限于这些。
以下说明具体的实施例。
实施例1
就葡萄糖传感器作为生物传感器之一例进行说明。
葡萄糖传感器如下所述地制得。
如图1，在基板1上形成工作电极2、对置电极3及连接于其上的引线4、5、绝缘层6。
其次，在由工作电极2及对置电极3组成的电极系统上滴下含有作为酶的GOD、作为电子接受体的铁氰化钾的水溶液，使其干燥，形成反应层。如图1所示，由于在电极系统的周围也配置了电绝缘层6，可以大幅度地抑制滴下的形成反应层用的溶液向引线部的扩散。
其次，为使向反应层供应试料液更加顺利，使卵磷脂在有机溶剂中的溶液，例如，卵磷脂的甲苯溶液在反应层上扩散、干燥，在前述反应层上形成以卵磷脂层。接着，在基板1上粘结盖子9及间距块7，制得葡萄糖传感器。
将葡萄糖水溶液3μl作为试样液从试样液喂入通道11的开口部送入此传感器。
在与试样液的供给的同时，电极系统上的反应层溶解。55秒后，以对置电极3为基准，将所定的电压外加于工作电极2上。测定其5秒后的电流值。液中的铁氰化物离子、葡萄糖、GOD发生反应，其结果，葡萄糖氧化为葡糖酸内酯，铁氰化物离子被还原为亚铁氰化物离子。作为响应得到该氧化该亚铁氰化物离子的电流。其结果，得到依存于试样液中的葡萄糖浓度的电流值。
实施例2
在如实施例1同样制得的基板的电极系统上滴下羧甲基纤维素钠盐(以下简称CMC)的水溶液，使其干燥，形成CMC层。其次，在所述CMC层上滴下含有作为酶的GOD、作为电子接受体的铁氰化钾的水溶液，使其干燥，形成反应层。
其次，粘结间距块7及盖子9，使其成为一体，使卵磷脂在有机溶剂中的溶液，例如卯磷脂的甲苯溶液滴至与由间距块7的缝隙8所形成的覆盖部件的沟槽的电极系统相对应的区域、干燥。这样形成于覆盖部件一侧的卵磷脂层有助于使试样液更加顺畅地供给至反应层。在将卵磷脂的有机溶剂溶液直接滴下至反应层上时，其溶液扩散至碳的引线部，有时会增加电极部-电连接部之间的电阻。但是，如上所述，由在覆盖部件一侧形成卵磷脂层可以解决这个课题。
其次，在基板1上粘结形成了所述卵磷脂层的盖子及间距块，使之成一体的覆盖部件，制得葡萄糖传感器。
将葡萄糖水溶液3μl作为试样液从试样液喂入通道的开口部送入此传感器。在与试样液供给的同时，电极系统上的反应层溶解。55秒后，以对置电极3为基准，将所定的电压外加于工作电极2上。测定其5秒后的电流值。其结果，得到依存于试样液中的葡萄糖浓度的电流值。
在本实施例中，由于反应层中含有CMC，抑制了电极表面对酶的吸附，可以得到更好的响应特性。
实施例3
除了改变碳层的厚度之外，其它如同实施例2，制得葡萄糖传感器。由改变碳层的厚度，分别制得工作极-电连接部之间及对置电极-电连接部之间的电阻达5-15kΩ的几种电极。
如同实施例2，以传感器响应特性进行评价。其结果，在使用所述的电阻值在10kΩ以下的电极时可以得到良好的传感器响应特性。
如上所述，根据本发明提供了一种生物传感器，所述生物传感器可以廉价制得、且可迅速、高精度且简便地定量测试试样中的特定化合物。
Claims (4)
1.一种生物传感器，所述的生物传感器由以下各部分构成：
其一端为电极部、另一端为与测试仪器作电连接的电连接部、形成一对由碳组成的引线的基板；
设置于上述基板之上、在与基板之间形成从基板端部至上述电极部的试样液供给通道的沟槽的覆盖部件；
在上述基板上包围所述电极部分的绝缘层；及
具有至少含有氧化还原酶和电子接受体，形成于由前述绝缘层所包围的电极部上的反应层；
其特征在于：上述电极部的一侧为大致呈C字状的对置电极，其另一端电极为位于所述大致呈C字状的凹部的工作电极，上述沟槽位于从所述基板的端部跨越所述电极部的部分，且，所述绝缘层延伸到设于所述覆盖部件沟槽的终端部的空气孔的位置处。
2.如权利要求1所述的生物传感器，其特征在于，所述电极部与所述电连接部之间的电阻在10kΩ以下。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的生物传感器，其特征在于，在所述覆盖部件的沟槽内设置有卯磷脂层。
4.如权利要求1-3之任一项所述的生物传感器，其特征在于，所述的反应层还含有亲水性高分子。
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- 1997-12-18 DE DE69711352T patent/DE69711352T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-18 EP EP97310269A patent/EP0851224B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100405051C (zh) * | 2001-05-30 | 2008-07-23 | 爱-森斯株式会社 | 生物传感器 |
| CN100451639C (zh) * | 2002-10-25 | 2009-01-14 | 爱科来株式会社 | 分析用具 |
| CN100403018C (zh) * | 2006-01-20 | 2008-07-16 | 南京剑桥医疗器械有限公司 | 虹吸纳米生物传感芯片及其制备方法 |
| CN104142360A (zh) * | 2013-05-10 | 2014-11-12 | 全医电股份有限公司 | 生化检测试片 |
| CN110088715A (zh) * | 2016-12-15 | 2019-08-02 | 夏普株式会社 | 带触摸面板的显示装置 |
| CN107328830A (zh) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-11-07 | 台州亿联健医疗科技有限公司 | 一种生物传感器 |
| CN107328830B (zh) * | 2017-07-20 | 2019-09-20 | 浙江亿联康医疗科技有限公司 | 一种生物传感器 |
| CN112229884A (zh) * | 2020-09-04 | 2021-01-15 | 中彦医疗科技有限责任公司 | 基于碳糊修饰工艺的维生素检测印刷电极及其制备工艺 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0851224A1 (en) | 1998-07-01 |
| JPH10185860A (ja) | 1998-07-14 |
| US5985116A (en) | 1999-11-16 |
| DE69711352D1 (de) | 2002-05-02 |
| EP0851224B1 (en) | 2002-03-27 |
| CN1163742C (zh) | 2004-08-25 |
| JP3460183B2 (ja) | 2003-10-27 |
| DE69711352T2 (de) | 2003-12-04 |
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