CN1188524C - 人SP-A1在pichia pastoris中的表达 - Google Patents
人SP-A1在pichia pastoris中的表达 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了人SP-A1在Pichia pastoris中的表达,该方法将人SP-A1基因克隆至表达载体中,通过电击转化技术转入Pichia.pastoris,并从转化菌株中筛选出多拷贝转化子,用高表达的甲醇氧化酶1基因(AOX1)启动子、利用甲醇作为唯一碳源诱导对重组P.pastoris进行表达;在所述的诱导表达中,甲醇浓度为0.1~1.0%(g/ml)。本发明能生产大量、高活性的人SP-A1,其最大表达量可达150mg/L,而且所表达的目的蛋白质能对巨噬细胞杀伤病原体发挥调理作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种DNA的重组技术,特别是涉及人肺表面活性物质相关蛋白人SP-A1在Pichia pastoris中的表达。
背景技术
肺表面活性物质(pulmonary surfactant,PS)是肺II型细胞合成、分泌的一种脂蛋白复合物,其主要功能是降低肺泡表面张力,保持肺泡扩张,防止肺萎陷,维持正常呼吸生理活动,该复合物由磷脂和蛋白质组成,其中90%为磷脂,以二棕榈酰卵磷脂(DPPC)和磷脂酰甘油(PG)为主,8~10%为肺表面活性物质相关蛋白(surfactant-associated protein,SP),分为SP-A、SP-B、SP-C和SP-D等,以SP-A含量最为丰富,约占总蛋白量的50%。SP-A是一种多功能糖蛋白,在调节肺表面活性物质的代谢、SP基因表达、肺内免疫及炎症反应方面具有十分重要的作用。
SP-A是一种亲水糖蛋白,单体分子量大约为32Ku,可因其糖基化数目不同,波动在28~36Ku之间,等电点pH4~5。单体SP-A分为4个不连续的区域:短的氨基端球状结构区、富含羟基脯氨酸的胶原样区(CLR)、与磷脂结合的疏水区和羧基凝集素糖识别区(CRD)。人类SP-A基因位于第10号染色体长臂中部,SP-A基因全长约5kb,含有7个外显子,其中4个外显子的部分或全部为编码序列。SP-A基因包含着一个基因家族一SP-AI、II和伪基因,与两个功能基因相对应的cDNA为6A和1A,两者在核酸水平有94%的同源性,在氨基酸水平有96%的同源性,非常相似。每一个功能基因都编码一种SP-A蛋白前体,分子量约为200~250Ku,需经一系列翻译后修饰得到唾液酸糖蛋白。成熟的人SP-A肽链有2型(SP-AI、SP-AII),两者同源性达96%,仅有6个氨基酸残基不同。SP-AI与SP-AII以2∶1的比例缠绕成一个亚基,6个三螺旋结构亚基又通过共价键和非共价键连接在一起,形成一个分子量约为700Ku的具有生物活性的大分子。在肺泡内表面,SP-A多以18聚体的形式存在,呈一束花状,主茎由胶原样区构成,花叶则是植物凝集素样区。
临床所使用的SP-A均为动物肺组织或人羊水提取物,由于提取工艺的不完善,水溶性SP-A大量丢失,制约了PS的功能及SP-A的应用。另一方面,由于蛋白质的免疫原性,SP-A药品不能象PS磷脂组分一样由动物肺组织提取,由人肺组织和羊水提取也在数量和伦理上明显受限。
迄今为止,所有在原核细胞表达系统表达活性SP-A的努力均告失败,在哺乳动物细胞表达系统表达非人SP-A的研究虽有成功的报导,但尚无人SP-A的基因工程产品报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是利用真核表达系统Pichia pastoris生产大量、高活性的人SP-A1。
本发明中的人SP-A1基因是根据论文“肺表面活性物质结合蛋白AcDNA克隆及序列分析”中所记载的内容克隆得到的,该文献源自《中华儿科》杂志2000,38(3),P153。
本发明中的表达载体为pPIC9K,也可以是相应酵母胞内及分泌表达载体。
本发明中的宿主细胞为Pichia pastoris。
本发明首先将人SP-A1基因克隆至表达载体中,通过电击转化技术转入P.pastoris,并从转化菌株中筛选出多拷贝转化子,用高表达的甲醇氧化酶1基因(AOX1)启动子、可利用甲醇作为唯一碳源诱导对重组P.pastoris进行表达。其具体步骤为:
1.人SP-A1基因克隆。
2.通过转化、质粒抽提、酶切等方法筛选重组的阳性克隆,并进行序列分析。
3.表达载体的构建及序列测定,以保证翻译读框的正确。
4.基因整合的鉴定。
5.表达产物的鉴定。
6.表达产物的活性测定。
由于本发明采用甲醇营养型酵母表达系统,因此,具有如下优点:(1)应用AOX启动子,转录效率高,易于诱发调控;(2)表达质粒易于整合到基因组,不易丢失,适于高密度发酵,产量高;(3)表达产物分拣进入过氧化物酶体等有利于纯化;(4)能进行翻译时/后的修饰。
通过对表达产物的鉴定可知,人SP-A1在P.Pastoris中成功地获得表达,而且表达的目的蛋白质能对巨噬细胞杀伤病原体发挥调理作用。
附图说明
下面将结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
图1是pPIC9K/SP-A1和pPIC9K的限制性酶切图。
图2是pPIC9K/SP-A1和pPIC9K的PCR。
图3是克隆至T载体用T7和SP6引物测序图。
图4是SP-A1在Saccharomyces cerevisiae S-78及Pichia pastoris GS115中的表达12%SDS-PAGE。
图5是SP-A1经HPLC纯化的目的峰。
图6是SP-A1的Western杂交检测。
图7是SP-A调理肺巨噬细胞对大肠杆菌J5的杀伤率。
实施例
本实施例中所涉及的质粒pPIC9K、酵母菌株Pichia postoris GS115、KM71、SMD1168、 GS115 Albumin、GS115 β-Gal均购自Invitrogen公司。
本实施例中所涉及的用于扩增目的基因SP-A和鉴定转化子的PCR引物由上海生工生物有限公司合成。
本实施例中所涉及的主要酶类及试剂包括DNA限制内切酶、T4DNA连接酶、Taq酶购自大连宝生物工程有限公司和华美生物有限公司,酵母裂解酶、G418、玻璃珠购自Sigma公司。
本实施例的操作步骤如下:
1.培养基
YPD、MGY、MGYH、RD、RDH、RDB、RDHB、MD、MDH、MM、MMH、BMG、BMM、BMGY、BMMY所需试剂均为市售,其浓度按说明配制。
2.SP-A1基因表达载体的构建 设计扩增引物
(+)5’-GATACGTAATGTGGCTGTGCCCTCTG-3’
(-)5’-GCGGAATTCGAACTCACAGATGGTCAG-3’
用重组质粒pUC19/SP-A1作为模板扩增人SP-A1基因,PCR产物用SnaB I和EcoR I酶切后纯化目的片段与相同酶切的pPIC9K连接,构建pPIC9K/SP-A1。
3.E.coli JM109感受态的制作及转化
在平板挑取E.coli JM109或TOp10F’单菌落子2ml的LB中,37℃,250rpm振荡培养10~12小时,取0.5ml种子液接种于50ml的LB中,37℃,250rpm培养至A600为0.6,约需1.5~2.0h;置培养物于冰上10min,移入50ml离心管中,4℃,4000rpm离心5min;弃上清,加入15ml浓度为0.1mol/L的预冷(4℃)CaCl2悬浮细胞,冰浴30min;4000rpm,4℃离心10min回收细胞,弃上清,加入2ml预冷CaCl2悬浮细胞,冰浴备用;取100μl感受态细胞,加入10μl连接液,混匀,冰浴30min;42℃热休克90秒,迅速放回冰中2min,加入500μl LB培养液37℃培养1h;取150μl培养液涂布于含氨苄青霉素50~100μg/ml的LB平板,37℃倒置培养12小时。筛选目的重组子,其中含重组质粒pPIC9K/SP-A1。
4.重组质粒的鉴定
在含氨苄青霉素100μg/ml的LB平板挑取单菌落置于含氨苄青霉素50-100μg/ml的LB中,振荡培养10~12小时;按常规碱裂解方法或纯化试剂盒提取质粒;用限制性内切酶SnaB I和EcoR I进行酶切鉴定;酶切正确的质粒用α因子引物
(+)5’TACTATTGCCAGCATTGCTGC3’
(-)5’CAAATGGCATTCTGACATCC3’
扩增,进行序列分析,确保读框及序列正确。
5.质粒的准备
将正确构建的重组质粒pPIC9K/SP-A1及亲本质粒pPIC9K在大肠杆菌JM109或TOP10F’中扩增,用质粒抽提试剂盒提取所需的质粒,然后用Sal I进行限制性酶切,使之完全线性化,0.8%琼脂糖电泳后用胶回收试剂盒回收线性化质粒溶于1×TE中。
6.酵母菌株的转化
分别挑取P.pastoris GS115、SMD1168和KM71单菌落,接种于5ml的YPD置于50ml三角瓶中,30℃培养10小时,取50~100μl接种子50mlYPD中,振荡培养16小时至A600=1.3~1.5;4℃离心1500g×5min,沉淀用50ml预冷的灭菌ddH2O重悬;同前离心,沉淀用25ml预冷的灭菌ddH2O重悬;同前离心,沉淀用5ml预冷的1M山梨醇重悬;同前离心,沉淀用1.5ml预冷的1M山梨醇重悬备用;将酵母感受态细胞分装为80μl/份;5~20μg的线性化DNA加入感受态酵母菌株中,转移至0.2cm的电极杯,置冰上5分钟;用Bio-Rad GenePulser进行电击转化,其参数为1500V、25μF、400Ω,立即加入预冷的1M山梨醇1ml,200~600μl/份涂MD和RDB选择平板,置28℃培养48h至转化子出现。
7.多拷贝整合事件的筛选
(1)采用无菌操作技术在96孔培养板的每孔加入200μl YPD,每孔接种一个转化子,并使菌体悬浮于YPD培养基中,置于30℃培养2天;
(2)分别取种子液10μl接种于另一96孔培养板各含有200μl YPD相应的培养孔,30℃培养1天;(3)重复步骤(2)一次;(4)取10μl接种于含G418终浓度分别为0.5,0.75,1.0,1.5,2.0,3.0mg/ml的YPD或MD固体培养板,待液体完全吸附后,置30℃培养,于接种后2,3,4,5天观察生长菌落,抗性越高,整合的拷贝数越多。
8.筛选GS115His+Mut+/His+Muts表型
用Sal I线性化质粒转化GS115或SMD1168菌株,产生的重组菌株可以存在两种表型:His+Mut+/His+Muts表型,用GS115 Albumin和GS115β-Gal分别作为His+Muts、His+Mut+的对照,而KM71仅有His+Muts表型。
(1)挑取在MD或RDB平板上的单菌落分别依次接种在MM和MD平板上,以GS115/β-Gal和GS115/Albumin作为对照。30℃培养36~48小时。
(2)根据菌落在MM和MD生长的速度不同判断其表型,MM和MD平板生长良好为His+Mut+表型,MD平板生长良好而MM平板生长缓慢或不生长为His+Muts表型。
9.酵母总DNA的提取
将培养16小时的培养液(重组菌和亲本GS115、KM71、SMD1168)1.5ml移至Eppendorf管,离心30秒,弃上清;沉淀中加入45μl裂解酶缓冲液重悬,加入5μl酵母裂解酶,振荡后于37℃孵化1h,不时进行振荡;加入10μl蛋白酶K,振荡数秒,55℃孵化15min,不时振荡;加入5μl RNase A,常温下放置15min;加入500μl抽提液,振荡,常温下放置10min,不时振荡;离心,12000~16000r/min×2 min,沉淀细胞脆片,将上清移入GFX柱中,5000g×1min倒掉收集管中液体,重新将吸附柱放至收集管中,加入500μl抽提液,8000r/min×1min;倒掉收集管中液体,加入500μl洗涤溶液,12000~16000r/min×3min;移去收集管,将吸附柱放至无菌Eppendorf管中,加入200μ1的洗脱缓冲液或灭菌ddH2O,室温放置1min;8000r/min×1min,收集纯化的DNA,0.8%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测。
10.酵母整合的PCR分析
设计如下反应体系
10×PCR buffer 5μl
Genomic DNA(~1μg) 5μl
100mM dNTP(25mM each) 1μl
5’AOX1 Primer(0.1μg/μl) μl
3’AOX1 Primer(0.1μg/μl) μl
Taq Polymerase(5U/μl) 0.25μl
ddH2O 加至总体积为50μl
重组质粒作为阳性对照,相应的空质粒作为另一个对照,其热循环参数如表1所示。
表1 热循环参数
步骤 温度 时间 循环数
HotStart 94℃ 2min 1
Denaturation 94℃ 1min
Annealing 55℃ 1min 25
Extension 72℃ 1min
Final Extension 72℃ 7min 1
取10μl样品进行1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳。
11.重组P.pastoris的表达
挑取His+Mut+单菌落,置于盛有25ml的BMG的250ml摇瓶中,28℃、250r/min培养至A600=2~6(约16~18h),常温下1500~3000g×5min离心沉淀菌体,去上清,用BMMY重悬菌体至A600=1.0(约200ml),置于1000ml的摇瓶中96h,分别于0h、6h、12h、24h、36h、48h、60h、72h、84h、96h取样1ml,离心取上清储存-80℃待进一步电泳分析。每24h加100%甲醇至培养基中使终浓度为0.5%,维持诱导表达。
12.SDS-PAGE分析
取各个时间点的样品融化并置于冰上,旋转蒸发或超滤浓缩样品至原体积的1/5~1/10,等体积加入电泳上样缓冲液,煮沸10min,上样进行12%SDS-PAGE电泳。余样品置于-20℃备用,上清置于-80℃留待进一步分析。
13.SP-A1在P.pastoris中的表达及产物纯化
上述表达获得的上清经旋转蒸发(冷冻干燥SentryTM VirTis公司)浓缩至1/5~1/10,以固体Tris调pH至6.5离心除去沉淀的杂蛋白后,经Sephadex G-25层析柱分批脱盐,收集蛋白洗脱液(约25ml),经Sepharose 4B和Sephadex G-75层析。
14.高效液相色谱(HPLC)纯化产物经C-8柱纯化,用乙晴和水洗脱,于20min处得到蛋白峰。
15.Western杂交
接常规方法处理蛋白质样品并进行SDS-PAGE;电泳完成后,拆卸凝胶夹层,去除积层胶。以适量的转移缓冲液室温平衡凝胶30min.;准备硝酸纤维素膜(NC膜),按凝胶大小但比凝胶大约1mm,成45°角慢慢将凝胶放入蒸馏水中,水将会渗入膜中并湿润整个表面。然后在转移缓冲液中平衡10~15min:在塑料转移盒的底边,依次将下面物品组装转印夹层:海绵、数张剪切得如凝胶大小的滤纸,并预先以转移缓冲液湿润凝胶、NC膜、数张已湿润的滤纸、海绵,组装过程注意排除所有气泡;往转移槽中加入转移缓冲液,按正确的极性方向将转移盒放进电转仪中,连接电源;在冷却条件下100V电转移30~60min,拆卸转印装置,取出NC膜,并在膜上剪一小角作为标记;凝胶用考马斯亮蓝染色以确定转移效率;将膜放入可热密封的塑料袋,加5ml封闭液,密封塑料袋,在旋转摇床或摆动平台中摇动30~60min;用封闭液稀释鼠抗人SP-A(1∶3000);倾去封阻液,加入稀释的第一抗体,4℃过夜;带着手套从塑料袋中取出NC膜,放在塑料盒中摇动,用20ml PBST洗涤4次,每次10~15min;用PBS稀释HRP标记羊抗鼠IgG(1∶5000);将NC膜放进新的塑料袋子,37℃1h,取出NC膜,室温下以PBS洗膜15min去除过量的磷酸盐和Tween20;将膜放入发色底物显色液,条带在10~30min内出现;用蒸馏水洗膜,终止反应,晾干后拍照或直接拍照。
16.SP-A1的调理作用
(1)鼠巨噬细胞的分离:肺巨噬细胞按文献Journal of Infectiousdiseases 1995;172(2)P481中报道的方法由无特殊病原体的雄性大鼠中分离,重悬在A缓冲液,该缓冲液的组成为:140mM NaCl、5mM KCl、2.5mMNa2PO4、10mM HEPES、2mM MgSO4、6mM葡萄糖、2mM CaCl2、0.1%明胶(wt/vol),pH为7.4。悬液中肺巨噬细胞终浓度为107细胞/ml。
(2)SP-A的准备:天然猪SP-A和重组的SP-A1(酿酒酵母P1和P.pastoris P2)溶解于5mM HEPES,pH为7.4,分成若干份保存于-70℃备用。
(3)细菌培养:E.coli J5分别培养于LB培养基中,37℃振荡培养过夜,常温下离心,3000g×2min收集细菌,用A缓冲液洗涤3次,离心,2500g×10min,A缓冲液重悬,荧光分光光度计测定使其终浓度为5×108cfu/ml。
(4)细菌杀伤实验:在有或无SP-A和/或肺巨噬细胞存在时,实验其吞噬杀伤活性。采用细菌/巨噬细胞比为1∶1,保证细菌被有效地摄取,不同剂量SP-A加入至混合液中,终体积为200μl,轻度晃动,37℃孵化30min,加入预冷的ddH2O中止吞噬和杀伤作用,用等体积的LB稀释后涂琼脂平板,37℃培养过夜,计数克隆。
三、结果
1.pPIC9K/SP-A1重组表达载体的鉴定:用SnaB I和EcoR I限制性酶切分析发现可切出目的片段,如图1所示,图1中的1为DNAMarkers,2、3为pPIC9K,4、5为pPIC9K/SP-A1。重组质粒及亲本质粒经α因子引物扩增分别得到936bp和188bp的片段,如图2所示,图2中的1~3为pPIC9K/SP-A1,4为Markers,5~6为pPIC9K。克隆至T载体用T7和SP6引物测序结果,序列及读框完全正确,如图3所示,由此说明已成功构建pPIC9K/SP-A1表达载体。
2.酵母转化结果用Sal I线性化质粒转化的GS115,其表型为HIS4Mut+有167个菌落,表型为HIS4+Muts有28个菌落,二者之比约6∶1,可见所获得的转化子绝大部分是利用AOX1启动子的快速生长型。转化SMD1168获得类似的结果。G418浓度为3.0mg/ml时宿主为GS115、SMD1168和KM71的转化子分别有23、18、21个。
3.SP-A1在P.pastoris中的诱导表达
重组菌株在甲醇浓度为0.1~1.0%(g/ml)时表达,甲醇浓度0.5%时诱导表达效果最佳,培养72h,蛋白质达到最大表达量,即150mg/L,不同菌株其表达量范围为0mg/L~150mg/L。SP-A1在Saccharomyces cerevisiaeS-78及Pichia postoris GS115中的表达12%SDS-PAGE如图4所示,其中,1为Protein Markers,2为SP-A1(S-78),3为SP-A1(GS115)。
4.产物的纯化:表达产物经Sephadex G-25、Sepharose 4B和SephadexG-75得到大小约为32kD的目的蛋白质。
5.HPLC纯化后得到目的峰如图5所示。
6.用抗SP-A的抗体进行Western杂交检测
利用ELISA方法分别检测天然SP-A及基因表达产物的免疫原性,可见两反应曲线的特征相似,都是典型的S型曲线,表明SP-A1的抗原特性与天然SP-A的相同,图6所示为表达在Pichia pastoris中的SP-A1的Western杂交,其中,1为pPIC9K/GS115,2为pPIC9K-SP-A1/GS115。
7.SP-A的调理作用
37℃孵化30min,观察在有或无肺巨噬细胞和SP-A存在时细菌成活率,肺巨噬细胞单独杀伤率为5.6%±2%,当加入SP-A时杀伤效率明显增加,而SP-A本身对细菌无影响,SP-A调理肺巨噬细胞对大肠杆菌J5的杀伤率如图7所示。
Claims (2)
1.人SP-A1在pichia pastoris中的表达方法,其特征是:将人SP-A1基因克隆至表达载体中,通过电击转化技术转入P.pastoris,并从转化菌株中筛选出多拷贝转化子,用高表达的甲醇氧化酶1基因(AOX1)启动子、利用甲醇作为唯一碳源诱导对重组P.pastoris进行表达;其中,
在所述的人SP-A1基因表达载体的构建中,所设计的扩增引物为:
(+)5’-GATACGTAATGTGGCTGTGCCCTCTG-3’
(-)5’-GCGGAATTCGAACTCACAGATGGTCAG-3’;
所述的电击转化参数为1500V、25μF、400Ω;
所述的甲醇浓度为0.1~1.0%(g/ml)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的人SP-A1在pichiapastoris中的表达方法,其特征是:所述的甲醇浓度为0.5%(g/ml),甲醇诱导表达的培养时间为72h。
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