CN1185131A - 其增强帘布层具有圆周件的轮胎 - Google Patents

其增强帘布层具有圆周件的轮胎 Download PDF

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CN1185131A
CN1185131A CN96194061.1A CN96194061A CN1185131A CN 1185131 A CN1185131 A CN 1185131A CN 96194061 A CN96194061 A CN 96194061A CN 1185131 A CN1185131 A CN 1185131A
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让·比耶尔
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    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
    • B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
    • B60C9/22—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel the plies being arranged with all cords disposed along the circumference of the tyre
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
    • B29C70/081—Combinations of fibres of continuous or substantial length and short fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
    • B60C9/1821—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers comprising discrete fibres or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
    • B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
    • B60C9/2003—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by the materials of the belt cords
    • B60C9/2009—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by the materials of the belt cords comprising plies of different materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/56—Coatings, e.g. enameled or galvanised; Releasing, lubricating or separating agents
    • B29C33/68—Release sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
    • B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
    • B60C2009/2012—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel with particular configuration of the belt cords in the respective belt layers
    • B60C2009/2029—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel with particular configuration of the belt cords in the respective belt layers with different cords in the same layer, i.e. cords with different materials or dimensions
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    • Y10T152/00—Resilient tires and wheels
    • Y10T152/10—Tires, resilient
    • Y10T152/10495—Pneumatic tire or inner tube
    • Y10T152/10765—Characterized by belt or breaker structure
    • Y10T152/10783—Reinforcing plies made up from wound narrow ribbons
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T152/00—Resilient tires and wheels
    • Y10T152/10—Tires, resilient
    • Y10T152/10495—Pneumatic tire or inner tube
    • Y10T152/10765—Characterized by belt or breaker structure
    • Y10T152/1081—Breaker or belt characterized by the chemical composition or physical properties of elastomer or the like

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Abstract

一种具有胎体帘布层的轮胎,进一步包括至少一层最大圆周长度为L的辅助增强帘布层(1),该帘布层至少包括沿圆周布置、长度为0.1—0.5L的一段段金属丝或金属缆索(20),这些金属丝互相平行而在与其纵向垂直的方向上由间隙(p,P)隔成一排排,其特征在于,每两个间隙至少之一中有连续伸展在一排排金属丝的整个长度上的由合成材料制成的纺织绳索或缆索(3)。本发明可用作重载车辆轮胎的缓冲帘布层,所述帘布层(1)具有圆周件。

Description

其增强帘布层具有圆周件的轮胎
本发明涉及具有径向胎体增强材料的轮胎，还包括由至少一层增强件构成的增强材料，这些增强件由与所述轮胎的圆周方向成0-15°角的绳索或缆索构成。本发明还涉及用绳索和/或缆索长条制作所述帘布层的方法。
在大客车的轮胎中，圆周件的帘布层一般为连续聚酰胺、特别是脂肪族聚酰胺缆索的轮冠增强帘布层，这些缆索具有一定弹性，同时由于其在热作用下的收缩性，容许一般由与圆周方向成10-45°角的金属和缆索构成的下层帘布层成为主箍。
这类纺织缆索不适合大量使用于“重载车辆”轮胎、特别是所谓的公路轮胎的轮冠增强材料中。事实上，上述材料容易发热而降低轮胎轮冠的寿命。最好使用金属缆索，因为首先，这可减小加热区所生成的热量，其次，所产生的热量容易散发。
在“重载车辆”轮胎的轮冠增强帘布层中使用大致圆周向金属缆索并非不存在问题，特别是在硫化模具中模制轮胎时。在合上硫化压机开始硫化时轮面的橡胶混合物要分布良好，要求非硫化状态下的轮胎在赤道平面中测量的轮面直径稍小于在同样条件下测量、在硫化模具中所必须有的直径并在硫化模具中接受通常所谓的辅助成形。具有径向胎体增强材料的轮胎的包括一层或多层连续、不可拉伸的(即在等于10％的断裂负荷的拉力下伸长率小于0.2％)金属缆索的轮冠增强材料使得在低拉力下的所述辅助成形非常困难或根本不可能。
因此比方说在专利FR 2013812中使用在圆周上不连续的不可拉伸金属缆索是很明智的，首先因为帘布层在非硫化状态下的弹性足够大，其次因为在硫化状态可抵抗帘布层在受很大拉力时的的弹性模量，所述模量可通过合适选择有切口缆索的可变或不可变的长度并沿圆周方向错开切口而获得。
非硫化帘布层的弹性在轮胎制造过程中不仅足够大而且太大而不易处理，它是造成敷设不规则、特别是同一系列的各轮胎的轮冠增强材料的直径不规则的原因。
显然，只要金属缆索独立于轮胎帘布层增强材料的非硫化毛坯的建造鼓和/或成形鼓制备，由其长度小于轮胎中的平行缆索的圆周长度的金属缆索构成的任何增强材料都存在同样问题，从而结果相同。
为了克服这类与生产有关的问题，同时又不影响轮胎的行驶性能，本发明提供一种具有胎体增强材料的轮胎，进一步包括至少一层最大圆周长度为L的辅助增强帘布层，该帘布层至少包括大致沿圆周布置、长度为0.1-0.5L的一段段金属丝或金属缆索，这些金属丝互相平行而在与其纵向垂直的方向上由间隙隔成一排排，其特征在于，每两个间隙至少之一中有连续伸展在一排排金属丝的整个长度上的由合成材料制成的纺织绳索或缆索。
轮胎的“增强帘布层的长度L”指所述帘布层的最大圆周长度。
当辅助增强帘布层为由圆周缆索构成的轮冠增强帘布层、即缆索与轮胎的圆周方向所成角度在±2.5°的范围内时本发明的优点最显著。
“大致沿圆周布置的缆索”指缆索与轮胎的圆周方向之间的角度为0°-15°。
该纺织绳索或缆索最好为直径最多等于该帘布层的金属缆索的直径的0.2倍的小直径纺织绳索或缆索，这是因为考虑到纺织绳索或缆索的断裂负荷至少等于在使轮胎的非硫化毛坯成形的成形压力作用下的所述非硫化毛坯中所受拉力，而最多等于该值的5倍，此时该帘布层的所述纺织绳索或缆索在轮胎硫化过程中发生断裂。
“合成纺织绳索或缆索”指由人造丝和/或聚酰胺和/或聚脂和/或任何可用来生产纺织纤维的合成塑料制成的绳索或缆索。所述纺织绳索或缆索在热的作用下会收缩并在由成形压力造成的拉力作用下的伸长尽可能小。
可用种种方法制成其元件在绳索或缆索的方向上不连续的增强帘布层。第一种方法是按照完全公知的方法制成由连续绳索或缆索构成的帘布层，然后沿纵向以规则或不规则的间隔把如此形成的压延帘布层的绳索或缆索切割成一段段。可使用手工切割工具或比方说美国专利3844327所述自动切割工具切割增强元件。在逐个切割只存在金属缆索的缆索时就已差强人意的第一种方法在各排金属缆索之间有纺织绳索或缆索时绝对不适合冒险切割纺织绳索或缆索。制造不连续缆索的帘布层的第二种方法是把预先切割成的一段段绳索或缆索按照所需长度(可变或保持不变)、各段的端部之间在帘布层纵向上的距离和各段之间的轴向距离(也可变或不变)稍加压力敷设到一层已预先放置到一圆柱形鼓或一台面上的非硫化橡胶混合物上。为制造本发明帘布层，可同时敷设从一供料卷筒展开的连续纺织绳索或缆索。在敷设各段金属缆索和纺织绳索或缆索后，在上敷设第二层非硫化橡胶混合物即完成该帘布层的制作。为进行第二种方法，可使用一段段赤裸的环形缆索，然后把纺织绳索或缆索不碰到金属缆索地放置到各排金属缆索之间，这需要十分小心地进行敷设，因此该方法既费时又费工。最好使用一段段有涂层的缆索，即用比方说挤压成形等合适方法把圆柱形橡胶混合物套筒套到金属缆索上，从而从一合适模具中流出的橡胶混合物套到从一导孔不断伸出的金属缆索上。尽管最好使用环形缆索，但为了使用有涂层的缆索，该缆索只得是非环形缆索。
这种方法与插入在两排金属缆索之间的纺织绳索或缆索一起可制作包括一具有不连续圆周缆索的增强帘布层的轮胎，即缆索与轮胎的方向所成角度在±5°范围内。这种帘布层的制作方法包括如下步骤：
-  制作一由至少两排邻接的有涂层的不连续金属缆索和各排之间的涂胶纺织绳索或缆索构成的长条，
-  把所述长条插入在由比方说聚乙烯之类不粘材料制成的、其宽度大致等于缆索长条的两倍宽度的一带中，然后把如此形成的复合物绕在一卷筒上，
-  展开该长条以便把它绕在一圆柱形鼓或胎体和/或轮冠增强材料的毛坯上。
从结合示出非限制性实施例的附图的下述说明中可更好理解本发明的特征和优点，附图中：
-  图1A和1B分别为本发明第一实施例的增强帘布层的俯视图和子午剖面图，
-  图2A和2B分别为本发明第二实施例的增强帘布层的俯视图和子午剖面图。
其增强件(20，3)沿圆周伸展、用作轮冠增强帘布层的增强帘布层(1)首先由一段段环形金属27.23FR缆索(20)构成，所述一段段缆索(20)的长度都相同而沿圆周由切口(21)互相隔开。一排(2)缆索(20)与相邻一排缆索之间在轴向上由一间隙或节距p隔开，在所示例子中所述轴向节距不变(该节距为两相邻缆索的相同母线之间的距离)。这些赤裸状态的环形缆索从一个或多个供料卷筒上展开后经一传送带由梳状物的引导而来到一组切割头前方，这些切割头按照预定程序切割出所需切口(21)。从另一个或多个卷筒上展开的一根或多根脂肪族聚酰胺的涂胶缆索(3)即涂有基于橡胶胶乳、间苯二酚和甲醛的合成物的缆索受合适装置的引导而布置在一排排金属缆索(20)之间的所有间隙中。分别为金属缆索(20)和纺织缆索(3)的两排如所公知地插入在两层非硫化橡胶混合物中，所述两层非硫化橡胶成为如此形成的帘布层(1)的衬层(4)。由于在所述例子中纺织缆索(3)的直径为0.25mm，因此为防止涂胶纺织缆索(3)碰到金属缆索(20)，每两排(2)金属缆索(20)之间的节距p最好至少为1.9mm。
图2示出一用一由其上涂有非硫化橡胶混合物的套管(5)的两排(2)非环形27.23金属缆索(20)构成的长条(10)制成的增强帘布层(1)，所述两有涂层金属缆索沿轴向邻接，一涂胶人造丝纺织绳索放置在这两排金属缆索(20)之间的上方。这一长条的制作包括下列步骤：用公知的挤压成形工艺在两非环形金属缆索上涂复非硫化橡胶套管后切割成所需长度。然后用合适装置引导所得金属缆索(20)直到它们邻接，然后稍稍用垂直压力把涂胶人造丝(3)放置到两排(2)金属缆索构成的组件上。如此形成在其宽度等于有涂层缆索的直径的两倍的聚乙烯带上的长条(10)如同普通卷绕金属或纺织缆索那样卷绕到一卷筒上，各圈之间留有间隙。可用公知方法制作增强帘布层(1)：长条(10)可以螺旋形绕到其上已预先敷设有第一层非硫化橡胶混合物的一圆柱形或横向稍稍鼓起的鼓上；也可把长条(10)直接绕到轮胎的胎体增强材料的非硫化毛坯上或所述轮胎的胎体增强材料/轮冠帘布层组件上，这视具有圆周件的增强帘布层(1)的所需径向位置而定。敷设上第二层橡胶混合物即完成增强帘布层(1)的制作，这些橡胶层构成该帘布层(1)的衬层(4)。长条(10)显然可用两排(2)以上、但最好不超过五排的金属缆索(20)制成。
增强帘布层(1)的这一制作原理的优点在于可使用硫化后其模量、滞后损耗、粘合等特性与压延橡胶混合物(4)不同的橡胶混合物(5)：在所述例子中，混合物(5)为在10％的相对伸长下以拉力的很高切向模量牢牢粘合到金属缆索上的混合物，而压延混合物(4)为以同样条件下测量的低得多的拉力的切向模量牢牢粘合到纺织缆索上的涂胶上的橡胶混合物。显然，长条(10)之间的节距P可与两排金属缆索之间的理论节距p(之所以称为理论节距，是因为它为有涂层的金属部分的母线之间的估计值)不同，并可使用各种增强帘布层(1)结构的各种实施例。

Claims (6)

1、一种具有至少一胎体增强物的轮胎，进一步包括至少一层最大圆周长度为L的辅助增强帘布层(1)，该帘布层至少包括大致沿圆周布置、长度为0.1L-0.5L的一段段金属丝或金属缆索(20)，这些金属丝或金属缆索互相平行而在与其纵向垂直的方向上由间隙(p，P)隔成一排排，其特征在于，每两个间隙至少之一中有连续伸展在一排排金属丝的整个长度上的由合成材料制成的纺织绳索或缆索(3)。
2、按权利要求1所述的轮胎，其特征在于，该辅助增强帘布层(1)为具有圆周轮冠增强缆索的帘布层。
3、按权利要求1或2所述的轮胎，其特征在于，所使用的纺织绳索或缆索(3)为其直径最多等于该帘布层的金属缆索的直径的0.2倍的小直径绳索或缆索。
4、按权利要求3所述的轮胎，其特征在于，所用纺织绳索或缆索(3)的断裂负荷至少等于在使轮胎的非硫化毛坯成形的成形压力作用下的所述非硫化毛坯中所受拉力，而最多等于该值的5倍。
5、一种制作一由若干排圆周金属缆索构成的轮胎的增强帘布层的方法，其特征在于：
-  制作一由最多五排(2)邻接的涂有橡胶混合物(5)的不连续金属缆索(20)和各排之间的连续的涂胶纺织绳索或缆索(3)构成的长条(10)，
-  把所述长条(10)插入在其宽度大致等于所述长条的两倍宽度的一不粘带中，然后把如此形成的复合物绕在一卷筒上，最后
-  展开该长条以便把它绕制在一圆柱形鼓或轮胎的胎体和轮冠增强材料的毛坯上。
6、一用按权利要求5所述方法制成的、其轮冠增强材料中包括一增强帘布层(1)的轮胎，其特征在于，所述帘布层用一由两排(2)一段段有涂层的金属丝或金属缆索(20)以及所述两排(2)金属丝或金属缆索之间的一连续的涂胶纺织绳索(3)构成的长条(10)制成，所述长条(10)绕制成其间的节距P大于两排(2)金属缆索(20)之间的节距p。
CN96194061A 1995-05-30 1996-05-10 其增强帘布层具有圆周件的轮胎 Expired - Lifetime CN1064009C (zh)

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