CN118140768A - Taro seedling, transplanting and planting method utilizing wheat stubble fields - Google Patents
Taro seedling, transplanting and planting method utilizing wheat stubble fields Download PDFInfo
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- CN118140768A CN118140768A CN202410347279.4A CN202410347279A CN118140768A CN 118140768 A CN118140768 A CN 118140768A CN 202410347279 A CN202410347279 A CN 202410347279A CN 118140768 A CN118140768 A CN 118140768A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0291—Planting receptacles specially adapted for remaining in the soil after planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0293—Seed or shoot receptacles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a taro seedling transplanting planting method utilizing wheat stubble fields, which comprises the steps of firstly preparing a matrix and a seedling container, wherein the matrix contains sand, a particle slow-release fertilizer, a chelate slow-release fertilizer, a bacteriostatic agent and a rooting agent, and the seedling container comprises a seedling bag and a seedling box; seed balls or lateral buds of taros are selected for seedling raising, and the seed balls or lateral buds are transplanted into wheat stubble fields for planting; and (5) fertilizing and watering regularly after transplanting until the taros grow to maturity. The invention provides two seedling raising and transplanting methods suitable for taros in the white temple, wherein the seedling raising method of the seed balls can shorten the field growth period of the taros; the other side bud seedling transplanting method shortens the field growth period of the taros, reduces the seedling cost and increases the propagation coefficient. The invention shortens the growth period by adopting seedling transplantation and compensates the influence on the later-period yield. The high temperature and high humidity in summer and diseases can also be detected and concentrated sterilized in seedling stage through seedling transplantation, so that the disease proportion of seedlings is greatly reduced, and the occurrence rate of field diseases is further reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant transplanting and planting, and particularly relates to a taro seedling transplanting and planting method utilizing wheat stubble fields.
Background
In recent years, the planting area and yield of the taro in the temple are drastically reduced. From about 6000 mu in 2017, the size is reduced to less than 2000 mu. The method is characterized in that the method is used for solving the problems of technical problems caused by continuous cropping obstacles, rising of input product cost, shortage of agricultural labor and the like. The yield of the white temple taros cultivated in the open field in the traditional spring can not meet the market demand.
After the wheat is planted in summer, the traditional planting mode is interplanted with corn, the interplanting can improve the utilization rate of light energy and land, timely sowing and planting of the afterculture are facilitated, and the economic benefit of the corn is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a taro seedling transplanting planting method utilizing wheat stubble fields, which utilizes the wheat stubble fields to plant white temple taros, so that economic benefits can be remarkably improved.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a taro seedling, transplanting and planting method utilizing wheat stubble fields, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) Preparing a matrix and a seedling container, wherein the matrix contains sand, a granular slow-release fertilizer, a chelate slow-release fertilizer, a bacteriostatic agent and a rooting agent, and the water content of the matrix is 70% -80%; the seedling raising container comprises a seedling raising bag and a seedling raising box;
(2) Seed balls or lateral buds of taros are selected for seedling raising, and the seed balls or lateral buds are transplanted into wheat stubble fields for planting;
(3) And (3) managing after transplanting: and (5) fertilizing and watering regularly until the taros grow to maturity.
Further: the seedling raising method using seed balls comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed selection: selecting taro balls with no mechanical wound on the surface and no bacterial soft rot fungus infection lesion spots, white cross section, no color change of vascular bundles and full top buds as seed taros; removing lateral buds, sterilizing the seed balls, and then airing;
(2) Accelerating germination: drying, boxing, placing into a germination accelerating chamber, gradually raising the temperature from 10-15 ℃ to 22-25 ℃, and keeping the constant temperature; the humidity is kept at 80-90%, and the germination accelerating time is 20-30 days; when the bud length reaches 2cm, picking buds in time, cooling, controlling growth and keeping the sizes of the buds consistent;
(3) Sowing: sequentially filling the matrixes into seedling bags, inserting the terminal buds of the seed taros into the matrixes upwards, covering the matrixes to the base parts of the terminal buds, and exposing the terminal buds to 0.5-1cm; bagging the seedlings into a seedling box;
removing the germination lateral buds, and covering the substrate to 1cm above the basal part of the terminal buds; controlling the temperature to be 20-25 ℃ in daytime and more than or equal to 13 ℃ at night and the air humidity to be 50-70% until seedlings emerge; controlling the height of the seedlings at 15-25cm in the middle and later stages; transplanting the seedlings into wheat stubble fields for management planting after transplanting until the taros are ripe.
Further: in the step (1), 20g-40g of oval taros are selected as seed taros.
Further: the step (1) is characterized in that molecular marker icdA is used for identifying bacterial soft rot of seed taro, and the sequence of the molecular marker icdA is as follows:
icdA400F：GGTGGTATCCGTTCTCTGAACG；
icdA977R：TAGTCGCCGTTCAGG TTCATACA。
further: the seedling raising method by utilizing the taro lateral buds specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking lateral buds: taking one or two lateral buds, wherein the base part is provided with a root or root bag protrusion, the thickness is 1-1.5cm, the height is 8-12cm, and the length of the false stem is 1-3cm;
(2) Transplanting: when lateral buds grow to a plant height of 15-25cm, the stem thickness is 1.5-2.0 cm, the leaf area is 130-140 cm 2, the root number is 15-20, the fresh weight is 25.0-35.0 g, the leaves are dark green, the color is uniform, no diseases exist, and the taro seedlings are transplanted to harvested spring wheat stubble fields;
(3) And (3) managing after transplanting: applying an organic fertilizer and a granular slow-release fertilizer before transplanting, respectively applying the slow-release fertilizer and a medium element water-soluble fertilizer, a high nitrogen and a high potassium water-soluble fertilizer in a taro vegetative growth period, a taro growing period and a taro growing period after transplanting taro seedlings, and carrying out sectional water-fertilizer management; and (5) carrying out hilling after transplanting to control lateral bud generation and growth until the taro is ripe.
Further: the lateral buds in the step (1) are divided into root lateral buds and non-root lateral buds, and the root lateral buds and the non-root lateral buds are respectively treated;
Root lateral bud treatment: properly removing leaves, shading and culturing, keeping moisture balance, gradually increasing illumination, generating new roots, balancing underground moisture on the ground, not wilting, and entering later growth management when the coefficient ratio of the number of the leaves to the roots is 1:3;
Root-free lateral bud treatment: taking rooting powder, inserting the rooting powder into a seedling bag filled with a matrix, and watering the ore source potassium humate along with water to promote rooting; shading treatment is carried out in the early stage, shading is carried out by using a shading net with shading degree of 50% in 10:00-16:00 per day, and the temperature is controlled as follows: 20-25 ℃ in daytime and 15-20 ℃ at night; and (3) keeping the soil humidity to be 60-70%, and removing the sunshade net when the leaves are unfolded to generate new adventitious roots to enter the later growth management.
Further: the physical and chemical properties of the sand are pH 6.5-6.9, EC 200-250ms/cm, organic matter content 3.2-3.6%, volume weight 0.27-0.30g/cm 3, and porosity 50-55%.
Further: the seedling raising bag is degradable white non-woven fabric, the lower half part of the bag is perforated, the aperture is 2.5-3mm, the interval is 2.2-2.5cm, and the substrate is filled in the seedling raising bag.
Further: the seedling raising box is made of polypropylene foam material, the height of the box body is 12cm-30cm, the top of the seedling raising box is provided with a cover, and the bottom of the box body is provided with air holes.
Further: the taro is white temple taro.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and technical effects that:
1. The invention provides two seedling raising and transplanting methods suitable for taros in the white temple, wherein the seedling raising method of the seed balls can shorten the field growth period of the taros; the other side bud seedling transplanting method shortens the field growth period of the taros, reduces the seedling cost and increases the propagation coefficient.
2. According to the invention, the technology of intensively removing the lateral buds of the taro seed balls in the temple is utilized, so that the germination of the lateral buds can be reduced, the growth of the main buds is promoted to be strong, the large taro bulb is formed, and the field lateral branch removing operation is reduced.
3. The planting method provided by the invention adopts the plastic foam box with the cover made of the foldable EPP material, has low temperature at night in early spring, can play a role in heat preservation, and is convenient to move; and after seedling culture is finished, the floor space can be reduced by folding. Meanwhile, the degradable non-woven fabric bags are used for raising seedlings, ridges can be directly connected, damage to roots of taro seedlings is small, seedling-reviving time is shortened, and survival rate is increased. Lays a foundation for mechanized planting. The temple taro substrate seedling raising box provided by the invention can realize large-scale intensive taro seedling reproduction.
4. The traditional planting mode of the taros in the white temple is seed ball planting, the growth period is longer and is 7-8 months, if the seed balls are planted after wheat stubble, the growth period is too short, and the yield is affected. By adopting seedling transplantation, the invention can shorten the growth period and make up for the influence on the later-period yield. The high temperature and high humidity in summer and diseases can also be detected and concentrated sterilized in seedling stage through seedling transplantation, so that the disease proportion of seedlings can be greatly reduced, and the occurrence rate of field diseases is further reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a nursery box;
FIG. 2 is a white temple taro seed to be identified;
FIG. 3 shows the identification result of the bacterial soft rot disease bacteria carried by the seed taro.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the following specific embodiments, but the examples are only for illustration of the invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
1. Matrix preparation
(1) The grass carbon and perlite (volume ratio is 3:1) are used as base matrixes.
(2) Adding sand in the local mountain of temple (physical and chemical properties of pH 6.5-6.9, EC 200ms/cm, organic matter content 3.6%, volume weight 0.27g/cm 3, porosity 50%) accounting for 20% of the total seedling substrate volume ratio.
(3) After uniform mixing, watering to ensure that the total water content reaches 50% -55%, piling to be 80cm high, covering the top with a film for moisturizing, and carrying out high-temperature disinfection 1 week before use. And (5) dispersing the matrix after disinfection.
(4) Preparing a particle slow release fertilizer: every m of the matrix need slow release fertilizer raw materials: 0.8kg of urea, 0.5kg of potassium sulfate, 0.1kg of calcium nitrate and 0.1kg of magnesium sulfate are prepared into saturated solution; the solution was mixed with 10kg of diatomaceous earth to form diatom ooze, and granules having a diameter of 0.25-0.3cm were prepared by pressing.
(5) And (3) adding a slow release fertilizer and other auxiliary components: when the water content of the dispersed matrix is 30% -40%, the required chelate slow release fertilizer is added, and 50kg of carbonized rice husk is added. After being uniformly mixed, the antibacterial agent (the components are bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the ratio is 2:1) is added; rooting agent (1.2 g mixed solution of indoleacetic acid and auxin is added into every m of substrate, and the ratio is 2:1).
(6) The moisture content of the matrix is regulated and maintained between 70% and 80%.
2. Seedling raising container: reusable container for culturing taro in temple comprises a culturing bag and a culturing box
Seedling bag: selecting degradable white non-woven fabric (polypropylene+polyester, density of 25 g/square meter), and placing seedling raising bag with specification of 10cm high, diameter of 8cm, capacity of 500cm 3, and perforation (pore diameter of 2.5-3mm, interval of 2.2-2.5 cm) on lower half of the bag into the prepared matrix.
Seedling raising box: as shown in fig. 1, the material is EPP (polypropylene foam), the thickness is 2.5cm, the specification is long, wide, high=75, 50, 30cm, the box body can be stretched up and down, and can be stretched to 12cm, 20cm high, and the maximum is 30cm, so that the requirements of different taro seedling raising periods on illumination are met. The top is provided with a cover, the temperature at night in the seedling stage is low, and the heat preservation effect is achieved. The box body is foldable, so that the space is saved. 54 holes are formed in the lower side of the box body, and water permeation and ventilation are convenient.
The seedling bags are sequentially placed in the seedling box, 54 spaces for placing the seedling bags are separated by the PC board, the height of the PC board is 10cm, the specification is 54, counting is convenient, and unified management is achieved.
3. The method for raising seedlings of seed balls of taros in temple
The invention provides a method for cultivating seedlings of taro seeds in a white temple, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting the taro balls with no mechanical wound and lesion spots on the surface, white cross section, no color change of vascular bundles and full terminal buds as seed taros.
1.1 Effects of seed taros of different shapes and sizes on the seedling raising effect of taros
The taro seedling raising method adopts high-quality, high-yield and disease-free local varieties of the instant-ink-temple area as seed taros, and the seed taros are classified according to the shape and the size of the seed taros before entering a storage room, wherein the total number of the seed taros is 4, the seed taros are respectively represented by DY, DC, XY, XC, as shown in a table 1, and the influence of the seed taros with different shapes and different sizes on the taro seedling emergence rate is shown in a table 2.
TABLE 1 design of seedling test for different seed tubers
TABLE 2 influence of different seed Dioscorea opposite shape and size on emergence rate
The seedling emergence rates of the taro seedlings among the taros with different shapes and sizes have no obvious difference, which indicates that the seedling emergence rate has no obvious influence on the taro seedlings, and 20.0-40.0g of oval taro selection standard is suitable for seedling raising in order to save the seed amount and the economic benefit after harvesting.
1.2 Influence of different shapes and sizes of taros on the growth of taros, and experimental results are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 influence of different seed shapes and sizes on the growth of taro seedlings
The seedlings of the taro which are grown by the taros with different shapes and sizes are all provincially and well robust, and the main agronomic characters such as the leaf area, root system activity and the like of the taros are not obviously different. Further, from the viewpoints of saving seed amount and economic benefit after harvesting, 20.0-40.0g of oval seed taro selection standard is suitable for seedling cultivation.
1.3 Identification of bacterial Soft rot fungi carried by taro seed of white temple
Bacterial soft rot fungi are key diseases which cause the yield reduction and even the harvest failure of the taros in the white temples, the diseases are popular in the high-temperature and high-humidity conditions of the taro cultivation land, and the infection opportunities of the pathogens are increased by the underground corm wound of the taros, so that the bacteria are brought into charge, and the pathogens are hidden in the storage and seedling raising processes to cause the diseases after the taro seedlings are planted. Studies have shown that as long as 10% of the plants in the field are ill, the bacterial load is sufficient to cause the whole field to be ill. Therefore, it is very important to select the underground taro bulb without diseases, insect pests and oversized wounds as seed taro.
The bacterial soft rot fungi are high in incidence, so that the seed taro is prevented from being thoroughly disinfected, the infected seed taro cannot be identified and identified visually in a latent period, and the later-stage disease risk is high, and therefore identification of the seed taro of the white temple carrying the bacterial soft rot fungi is very important. The invention uses the molecular marker identification method, and has high identification detection sensitivity.
The taro with the rotten and malodorous disease is taken as a positive control and the healthy taro is taken as a negative control through 1.5 percent agarose gel electrophoresis. The infection degree of the taro bacterial soft rot of the temple can be identified by using a molecular marker icdA, and the molecular marker icdA has the sequence as follows: icdA400F: GGTGGTATCCGTTCTCTGAACG; icdA977R: TAGTCGCCGTTCAGG TTCATACA. The molecular marker icdA is used for carrying out the infectivity identification of the bacterial soft rot of the taro seed in the white temple, the result is shown in figure 2, the taro sample of the No. 4 left seed is obvious in disease occurrence and easy to identify by naked eyes as seen from the taro to be identified, and the taro seed can be directly removed in the selection before seedling raising; and the No. 2 taros and No. 3 taros can not visually identify whether the taros carry bacterial soft rot fungi, such as direct warehouse entry, germination accelerating or seedling raising, and the risk of disease occurrence in the later period exists, and even other taros around the taros are infected. Therefore, the molecular marker icdA is very important to sample seed taro with bacteria identification before the seedling of the taro in the temple.
As can be seen from fig. 2 and 3, the seed No. 1 taro sample has no characteristic band, is healthy strain-free taro, and can be used for seedling cultivation. 2. The seed yams 3 and 4 have characteristic strips, namely, the seed yams are infected by bacterial soft rot fungi, the seed yams 2 and 3 which have no disease phenotype symptoms and are infected by the bacterial soft rot fungi in a latent period can be identified through molecular markers icdA, the risk of germination acceleration, seedling raising or cultivation is extremely high, and further disinfection treatment is needed.
(2) Removing lateral buds chemically: and selecting a regulator for enhancing top end dominance, adding 2.5 mg of auxin and 200 times of liquid 15 ml of 33% pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate into each liter of water, and soaking the whole ball for 12 hours.
(3) Seed ball disinfection: the soaked seed balls are subjected to surface wrapping by using mortar prepared from plant ash with 100 meshes, slaked lime and the like to form a coating with the thickness of 1-2mm, so that the effects of disinfection and prevention and control of microorganism infection are achieved. Then the mixture is placed in a greenhouse for airing.
(4) Accelerating germination: after being dried, the plastic box is packaged, and the specification of the plastic box is long, wide and high: and (3) placing 6 layers of the rice in 65-45-30 cm, and placing the whole rice box into a germination accelerating chamber. The temperature of the germination accelerating room is gradually increased from 10-15 ℃ to 22-25 ℃ and kept constant. The humidity is kept at 80-90% for 20-30 days. When the bud length reaches 2cm, the buds are picked up in time, the temperature is reduced, the growth is controlled, and the sizes of the seed buds are kept consistent. The number of the selected disease-free strong buds meets the requirement of one batch, and the seeding and seedling raising can be performed.
(5) Sowing seeds
Bagging: sequentially packaging the seedling raising matrix into non-woven fabric seedling raising bags, packaging the matrix to a thickness of about 4cm, placing the seed taro terminal buds upwards into the non-woven fabric seedling raising bags, applying the matrix to cover the terminal bud base parts, exposing 0.5-1cm, and sequentially packaging a plurality of seedling raising bags into a seedling raising box.
After boxing, watering, exposing 3-4 lateral buds, and when lateral buds germinate, dripping a mixed medicament (auxin+3.5-potassium chlorophenoxyate) on the lateral buds, wherein each liter of water contains 5 mg auxin and 3 mg of 3.5-potassium chlorophenoxyate. After 5d, observing the effect, and removing the lateral buds thoroughly, wherein a hand-held laser can be used for removing the sprouted lateral buds. After 2d, the matrix was covered, 1cm above the basal portion of the terminal bud.
The seedling raising box cover is placed to the same side, the movable lifting rope is hung, the seedling raising box cover is uniformly unfolded and folded to one side in the daytime, and can be folded at the same time when the temperature is reduced at night, and the seedling raising box cover is covered on the seedling raising box to keep the temperature. Therefore, integrated management is realized, and the working efficiency is improved. The height of the box body in the earlier stage is kept at 12cm, so that sufficient illumination is ensured.
Controlling the temperature in the sunlight greenhouse after sowing: 20-25 ℃ in daytime and more than or equal to 13 ℃ at night. The air humidity is 50-70%, and the soil humidity is about 60% until seedlings emerge. When the temperature in the greenhouse is too high, the ventilation opening is opened in time for ventilation.
The seedling height is controlled at 15-25cm in the middle and later stages, and 200mg/L chlormequat chloride and 1500mg/L Cacl 2 are applied along with water to compound solution for preventing overgrowth. And in the middle and later stages, the height of the seedling raising box is timely adjusted along with the growth of seedlings. And (5) transplanting the seedlings to wheat stubble fields after the seedlings are 15-25cm in height, and managing and planting the seedlings after transplanting until the taros are ripe.
Example 2 the method for cultivating side buds of taro in white temple provided by the invention
The seedling substrate and the seedling container used in this example are the same as those shown in example 1.
The method for cultivating the side buds of the taro in the temple comprises the following steps:
1. Taking lateral buds
The wheat stubble taro is late in transplanting period, so that the cost of seed balls is saved, the seedling raising period is shortened, and the strong lateral buds of spring stubble taros can be utilized to culture lateral bud seedlings.
Lateral bud standard: one or two leaves, the base having a root or root wrap protrusion. The thickness is 1-1.5cm, the height is 8-12cm, and the pseudostem length is 1-3cm.
Selecting healthy plants without diseases from vigorous taro field blocks, removing the soil on the surface layers of lateral buds to the junction of the lateral buds and the seed balls by using a small shovel, and airing for 1d.
Taking buds, cutting off the joints of the lateral buds and the seed balls by using a cutter, and keeping the root systems on the lateral buds to be complete as much as possible. Covering the seed ball notch with plant ash after taking buds, airing for 1-2d, taking side bud field blocks for one-time hilling operation after wound healing, and drip irrigation and water supplementing.
The obtained lateral buds are divided into root lateral buds and non-root lateral buds, and are respectively treated.
Root lateral bud treatment: properly removing leaves, shading and culturing, keeping moisture balance, gradually increasing illumination, generating new roots, balancing underground moisture on the ground, and not wilting, wherein survival is indicated, and after the coefficient ratio of the number of leaves to the root is 1:3, the later growth management is carried out.
Root-free lateral bud treatment: after taking down, dipping 1000 times of liquid ABT biological fungus rooting powder, inserting the rooting powder into a seedling bag filled with a matrix, and watering the potassium humate as a mineral source along with water to promote rooting. Shading treatment is carried out in the early stage, shading is carried out by using a shading net with shading degree of 50% in 10:00-16:00 per day, and the temperature is controlled as follows: 20-25 ℃ in daytime and 15-20 ℃ at night. The soil humidity is kept between 60% and 70%. And when the blades are unfolded and new adventitious roots are generated, removing the sunshade net and performing conventional management.
2. Transplanting
Transplanting is performed when seedlings grow two or three leaves (15-25 cm high). The transplanting standard of the lateral buds is that the plant height is 15-25cm, the stem thickness is 1.5-2.0 cm, the leaf area is 130-140 cm 2, the root number is 15-20, the fresh weight is 25.0-35.0 g, the leaves are dark green, the color is uniform, and no disease exists.
Transplanting the seedlings to harvested spring stubble wheat fields, ditching the seedlings by using a detachable ditching and spacing tool for taro, wherein the depth is 12cm, putting the whole seedling bag into the seedlings, the row spacing is 75cm, the plant spacing is 35cm, mechanically hilling, and the hilling thickness is just up to the seedling center position or is slightly higher than Yu Miaoxin. And planting 2540 plants in each mu of land, and installing drip irrigation pipelines to carry out irrigation and fertilization.
3. Post-transplant management
(1) Fertilizing
Base fertilizer is applied at 10-12cm position in the ditch before transplanting, and organic fertilizer 2000 kg and granular slow release fertilizer 100 kg are applied every 667m 2.
One month (growing period of the nutrient body) after transplanting, 5g of the granular slow-release fertilizer and 800 times of the medium element water-soluble fertilizer chlorophyll are applied to each plant at 15-20 cm.
Fertilizing in the growing period, and topdressing high nitrogen type 30-5-5 (N-P-K) water-soluble fertilizer 10-15 kg with water every 667m 2.
The fertilizer is applied in the taro stage, and the balance of 20-20-20 (N-P-K) water-soluble fertilizer 10-20kg and high-potassium fertilizer 15-5-25 (N-P-K) water-soluble fertilizer 10-20kg are applied with water twice per 667m 2.
(2) In summer, the temperature is high to ensure enough moisture, but large water is prevented from flooding. When the temperature is up to 35 ℃, the sprinkler irrigation is opened to cool down, and the high temperature stress is restrained. And water is poured every 5-7 days in the taro producing period according to weather conditions. Watering was stopped 2 weeks before harvesting.
(3) Hilling technique
And (3) carrying out first ridging about 20 days after transplanting, wherein the ridging depth is 5-7cm, and preventing lateral buds.
And (5) carrying out secondary hilling after 25 days, wherein the hilling depth is 5cm, and further controlling the growth of lateral buds.
By utilizing the side bud seedling transplanting method provided by the invention, the taro plants transplanted by seedling after wheat harvest are healthy, the seedlings are complete, the survival rate is 99%, the yield is 3073 kg/666.7m 2, the taro is spherical and regular, and the commodity rate reaches 60%.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; while the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described above, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions.
Claims (10)
1. A taro seedling, transplanting and planting method utilizing wheat stubble fields is characterized in that: the seedling, transplanting and planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a matrix and a seedling container, wherein the matrix contains sand, a granular slow-release fertilizer, a chelate slow-release fertilizer, a bacteriostatic agent and a rooting agent, and the water content of the matrix is 70% -80%; the seedling raising container comprises a seedling raising bag and a seedling raising box;
(2) Seed balls or lateral buds of taros are selected for seedling raising, and the seed balls or lateral buds are transplanted into wheat stubble fields for planting;
(3) And (3) managing after transplanting: and (5) fertilizing and watering regularly until the taros grow to maturity.
2. The taro seedling transplanting planting method utilizing wheat stubble fields as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the seedling raising method using seed balls comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed selection: selecting taro balls with no mechanical wound on the surface and no bacterial soft rot fungus infection lesion spots, white cross section, no color change of vascular bundles and full top buds as seed taros; removing lateral buds, sterilizing the seed balls, and then airing;
(2) Accelerating germination: drying, boxing, placing into a germination accelerating chamber, gradually raising the temperature from 10-15 ℃ to 22-25 ℃, and keeping the constant temperature; the humidity is kept at 80-90%, and the germination accelerating time is 20-30 days; when the bud length reaches 2cm, picking buds in time, cooling, controlling growth and keeping the sizes of the buds consistent;
(3) Sowing: sequentially filling the matrixes into seedling bags, inserting terminal buds of seed taros into the matrixes upwards, covering the matrixes to the base parts of the terminal buds, and exposing the terminal buds to 0.5-1cm; bagging the seedlings into a seedling box;
Removing the germination lateral buds, and covering the substrate to 1cm above the basal part of the terminal buds; controlling the temperature to be 20-25 ℃ in daytime and more than or equal to 13 ℃ at night and the air humidity to be 50-70% until seedlings emerge; controlling the height of the seedlings at 15-25cm in the middle and later stages; and then transplanting the seedlings into wheat stubble fields for transplanting, and managing and planting until the taros are ripe.
3. The taro seedling transplanting planting method utilizing wheat stubble fields as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step (1), 20g-40g of oval taros are selected as seed taros.
4. The taro seedling transplanting planting method utilizing wheat stubble fields as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the step (1) is characterized in that molecular marker icdA is used for identifying bacterial soft rot of seed taro, and the sequence of the molecular marker icdA is as follows:
icdA400F：GGTGGTATCCGTTCTCTGAACG；
icdA977R：TAGTCGCCGTTCAGG TTCATACA。
5. the taro seedling transplanting planting method utilizing wheat stubble fields as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the seedling raising method by utilizing the taro lateral buds specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking lateral buds: taking one or two lateral buds, culturing with root or root bag protrusion at the base part and 1-1.5cm thick and 8-12cm high and pseudostem 1-3cm long;
(2) Transplanting: when lateral buds grow to a plant height of 15-25cm, the stem thickness is 1.5-2.0 cm, the leaf area is 130-140 cm 2, the root number is 15-20, the fresh weight is 25.0-35.0 g, the leaves are dark green, the color is uniform, no diseases exist, and the taro seedlings are transplanted to harvested spring wheat stubble fields;
(3) And (3) managing after transplanting: applying an organic fertilizer and a granular slow-release fertilizer before transplanting, respectively applying the slow-release fertilizer and a medium element water-soluble fertilizer, a high nitrogen and a high potassium water-soluble fertilizer in a taro vegetative growth period, a taro growing period and a taro growing period after transplanting taro seedlings, and carrying out sectional water-fertilizer management; and (5) carrying out hilling after transplanting to control lateral bud generation and growth until the taro is ripe.
6. The taro seedling transplanting planting method utilizing wheat stubble fields as recited in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the lateral buds in the step (1) are divided into root lateral buds and non-root lateral buds, and the root lateral buds and the non-root lateral buds are respectively treated;
Root lateral bud treatment: properly removing leaves, shading and culturing, keeping moisture balance, gradually increasing illumination, generating new roots, balancing underground moisture on the ground, not wilting, and entering later growth management when the coefficient ratio of the number of the leaves to the roots is 1:3;
Root-free lateral bud treatment: taking rooting powder, inserting the rooting powder into a seedling bag filled with a matrix, and watering the ore source potassium humate along with water to promote rooting; shading treatment is carried out in the early stage, shading is carried out by using a shading net with shading degree of 50% in 10:00-16:00 per day, and the temperature is controlled as follows: 20-25 ℃ in daytime and 15-20 ℃ at night; and (3) keeping the soil humidity to be 60-70%, and removing the sunshade net when the leaves are unfolded to generate new adventitious roots to enter the later growth management.
7. The taro seedling transplanting planting method utilizing wheat stubble fields as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the physical and chemical properties of the sand are pH 6.5-6.9, EC 200-250ms/cm, organic matter content 3.2-3.6%, volume weight 0.27-0.30g/cm 3, and porosity 50-55%.
8. The taro seedling transplanting planting method utilizing wheat stubble fields as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the seedling raising bag is degradable white non-woven fabric, the lower half part of the bag is perforated, the aperture is 2.5-3mm, the interval is 2.2-2.5cm, and the substrate is filled in the seedling raising bag.
9. The taro seedling transplanting planting method utilizing wheat stubble fields as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the seedling raising box is made of polypropylene foam material, the height of the box body is 12cm-30cm, the top of the seedling raising box is provided with a cover, and the bottom of the box body is provided with air holes.
10. The taro seedling transplanting planting method utilizing wheat stubble fields as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the taro is white temple taro.
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